NCBI Taxonomy: 157519

4-Hydroxycinnamic acid, also known as p-Coumaric acid, is a coumaric acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-4 of the phenyl ring. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a 4-coumarate. p-coumaric acid is an organic compound that is a hydroxy derivative of cinnamic acid. There are three isomers of coumaric acid: o-coumaric acid, m-coumaric acid, and p-coumaric acid, that differ by the position of the hydroxy substitution of the phenyl group. p-Coumaric acid is the most abundant isomer of the three in nature. p-Coumaric acid exists in two forms trans-p-coumaric acid and cis-p-coumaric acid. It is a crystalline solid that is slightly soluble in water, but very soluble in ethanol and diethyl ether. 4-Hydroxycinnamic acid belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxycinnamic acids. Hydroxycinnamic acids are compounds containing an cinnamic acid where the benzene ring is hydroxylated. 4-Hydroxycinnamic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Outside of the human body, 4-Hydroxycinnamic acid is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as pepper (Capsicum frutescens), pineapples, and sunflowers and in a lower concentration in spinachs, kiwis, and sweet oranges. 4-Hydroxycinnamic acid has also been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as wild rices, soursops, garden onions, hyssops, and avocado. 4-coumaric acid is a coumaric acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-4 of the phenyl ring. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a 4-coumarate. 4-Hydroxycinnamic acid is a natural product found in Ficus septica, Visnea mocanera, and other organisms with data available. trans-4-Coumaric acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: Black Cohosh (part of); Galium aparine whole (part of); Lycium barbarum fruit (part of) ... View More ... Coumaric acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid, an organic compound that is a hydroxy derivative of cinnamic acid. There are three isomers, o-coumaric acid, m-coumaric acid, and p-coumaric acid, that differ by the position of the hydroxy substitution of the phenyl group. p-Coumaric acid is the most abundant isomer of the three in nature. p-Coumaric acid is found in many foods, some of which are garden onion, turmeric, green bell pepper, and common thyme. D012102 - Reproductive Control Agents > D003270 - Contraceptive Agents D000975 - Antioxidants > D016166 - Free Radical Scavengers D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants The trans-isomer of 4-coumaric acid. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 168 KEIO_ID C024 p-Coumaric acid is the abundant isomer of cinnamic acid which has antitumor and anti-mutagenic activities. p-Coumaric acid is the abundant isomer of cinnamic acid which has antitumor and anti-mutagenic activities. p-Hydroxycinnamic acid, a common dietary phenol, could inhibit platelet activity, with IC50s of 371 μM, 126 μM for thromboxane B2 production and lipopolysaccharide-induced prostaglandin E2 generation, respectively. p-Hydroxycinnamic acid, a common dietary phenol, could inhibit platelet activity, with IC50s of 371 μM, 126 μM for thromboxane B2 production and lipopolysaccharide-induced prostaglandin E2 generation, respectively. p-Coumaric acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=7400-08-0 (retrieved 2024-09-04) (CAS RN: 7400-08-0). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

Gentisate

2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid, matrix substance for MALDI-MS, >=99.5\\% (HPLC), Ultra pure

Gentisic acid, also known as gentisate or 2,5-dioxybenzoate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives. Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives are compounds containing a hydroxybenzoic acid (or a derivative), which is a benzene ring bearing a carboxyl and a hydroxyl groups. Gentisic acid is also classified as a dihydroxybenzoic acid. It is a derivative of benzoic acid and a minor (1\\\\\%) product of the metabolic break down of aspirin, which is excreted by the kidneys. Gentisic acid is found in essentially all organisms ranging from bacteria to fungi to plants to animals. Gentisic acid has been associated with a number of useful effects on human health and exhibits anti-inflammatory, antigenotoxic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, antimicrobial, and especially antioxidant activities (PMID: 31825145). It is widely distributed in plants as a secondary plant product such as Gentiana spp., Citrus spp., Vitis vinifera, Pterocarpus santalinus, Helianthus tuberosus, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Olea europaea, and Sesamum indicum and in fruits such as avocados, batoko plum, kiwi fruits, apple, bitter melon, black berries, pears, and some mushrooms (PMID: 31825145). Gentisic acid is found in higher concentrations in a number of foods such as tarragons, common thymes, and common sages and in a lower concentration in grape wines, rosemaries, and sweet marjorams. Gentisic acid has also been shown to act as a pathogen-inducible signal for the activation of plant defenses in tomato plants and cucumbers (PMID: 16321412; https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI.1999.12.3.227). Gentisic acid is a dihydroxybenzoic acid. It is a crystalline powder that forms monoclinic prism in water solution. Gentisic acid is an active metabolite of salicylic acid degradation. There is an increasing amount of evidence indicating that gentisic acid has a broad spectrum of biological activity, such as anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic and antioxidant properties. Gentisic acid is also a byproduct of tyrosine and benzoate metabolism. [HMDB]. Gentisic acid is found in many foods, some of which are common sage, common grape, nutmeg, and dill. 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid is a dihydroxybenzoic acid having the two hydroxy groups at the 2- and 5-positions. It has a role as a MALDI matrix material, an EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor, a human metabolite, a fungal metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is functionally related to a benzoic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate. 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is a natural product found in Persicaria mitis, Tilia tomentosa, and other organisms with data available. D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D012459 - Salicylates A dihydroxybenzoic acid having the two hydroxy groups at the 2- and 5-positions. 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=490-79-9 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 490-79-9). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is a derivative of benzoic and a powerful inhibitor of fibroblast growth factors. 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is a derivative of benzoic and a powerful inhibitor of fibroblast growth factors.

Protocatechuic acid

3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid

Protocatechuic acid, also known as protocatechuate or 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives. Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives are compounds containing a hydroxybenzoic acid (or a derivative), which is a benzene ring bearing a carboxyl and a hydroxyl groups. The enzyme protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase uses 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate and O2 to produce 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate. Protocatechuic acid is a drug. In the analogous hardening of the cockroach ootheca, the phenolic substance concerned is protocatechuic acid. Protocatechuic acid is a mild, balsamic, and phenolic tasting compound. Outside of the human body, protocatechuic acid is found, on average, in the highest concentration in a few different foods, such as garden onions, cocoa powders, and star anises and in a lower concentration in lentils, liquors, and red raspberries. Protocatechuic acid has also been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as cloud ear fungus, american pokeweeds, common mushrooms, fruits, and feijoa. This could make protocatechuic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. It is also found in Allium cepa (17,540 ppm). It is a major metabolite of antioxidant polyphenols found in green tea. Similarly, PCA was reported to increase proliferation and inhibit apoptosis of neural stem cells. In vitro testing documented antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of PCA, while liver protection in vivo was measured by chemical markers and histological assessment. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, also known as protocatechuic acid or 4-carboxy-1,2-dihydroxybenzene, belongs to hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives class of compounds. Those are compounds containing a hydroxybenzoic acid (or a derivative), which is a benzene ring bearing a carboxyl and a hydroxyl groups. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid is soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid can be synthesized from benzoic acid. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid is also a parent compound for other transformation products, including but not limited to, methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate, ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate, and 1-(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyl)-beta-D-glucopyranose. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid is a mild, balsamic, and phenolic tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as white mustard, grape wine, abalone, and asian pear, which makes 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid can be found primarily in blood, feces, and urine, as well as in human fibroblasts and testes tissues. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is a dihydroxybenzoic acid, a type of phenolic acid. It is a major metabolite of antioxidant polyphenols found in green tea. It has mixed effects on normal and cancer cells in in vitro and in vivo studies . 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid is a dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 4. It has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite, a plant metabolite, an antineoplastic agent, an EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor and an EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor. It is a member of catechols and a dihydroxybenzoic acid. It is functionally related to a benzoic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate. 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is a natural product found in Visnea mocanera, Amomum subulatum, and other organisms with data available. Protocatechuic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: Black Cohosh (part of); Vaccinium myrtillus Leaf (part of); Menyanthes trifoliata leaf (part of) ... View More ... A dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 4. Protocatechuic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=99-50-3 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 99-50-3). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Protocatechuic acid is a phenolic compound which exhibits neuroprotective effect. Protocatechuic acid is a phenolic compound which exhibits neuroprotective effect.

Salicylic acid

2-hydroxybenzoic acid

C7H6O3 (138.0316926)

Salicylic acid is a monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid with a hydroxy group at the ortho position. It is obtained from the bark of the white willow and wintergreen leaves. It has a role as an antiinfective agent, an antifungal agent, a keratolytic drug, an EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor, a plant metabolite, an algal metabolite and a plant hormone. It is a conjugate acid of a salicylate. It is a colorless solid, it is a precursor to and a metabolite of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid). It is a plant hormone. The name is from Latin salix for willow tree. It is an ingredient in some anti-acne products. Salts and esters of salicylic acid are known as salicylates. Salicylic acid modulates COX1 enzymatic activity to decrease the formation of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins. Salicylate may competitively inhibit prostaglandin formation. Salicylates antirheumatic (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory) actions are a result of its analgesic and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Salicylic acid works by causing the cells of the epidermis to slough off more readily, preventing pores from clogging up, and allowing room for new cell growth. Salicylic acid inhibits the oxidation of uridine-5-diphosphoglucose (UDPG) competitively with nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide and noncompetitively with UDPG. It also competitively inhibits the transferring of glucuronyl group of uridine-5-phosphoglucuronic acid to the phenolic acceptor. The wound-healing retardation action of salicylates is probably due mainly to its inhibitory action on mucopolysaccharide synthesis. Salicylic acid is biosynthesized from the amino acid phenylalanine. In Arabidopsis thaliana, it can be synthesized via a phenylalanine-independent pathway. Salicylic acid is an odorless white to light tan solid. Sinks and mixes slowly with water. (USCG, 1999) Salicylic acid is a monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid with a hydroxy group at the ortho position. It is obtained from the bark of the white willow and wintergreen leaves. It has a role as an antiinfective agent, an antifungal agent, a keratolytic drug, an EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor, a plant metabolite, an algal metabolite and a plant hormone. It is a conjugate acid of a salicylate. A compound obtained from the bark of the white willow and wintergreen leaves, and also prepared synthetically. It has bacteriostatic, fungicidal, and keratolytic actions. Its salts, the salicylates, are used as analgesics. Salicylic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Salicylic Acid is a beta hydroxy acid that occurs as a natural compound in plants. It has direct activity as an anti-inflammatory agent and acts as a topical antibacterial agent due to its ability to promote exfoliation. A compound obtained from the bark of the white willow and wintergreen leaves, and also prepared synthetically. It has bacteriostatic, fungicidal, and keratolytic actions. Its salts, the salicylates, are used as analgesics. A compound obtained from the bark of the white willow and wintergreen leaves. It has bacteriostatic, fungicidal, and keratolytic actions. See also: Benzoic Acid (has active moiety); Methyl Salicylate (active moiety of); Benzyl salicylate (is active moiety of) ... View More ... A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid with a hydroxy group at the ortho position. It is obtained from the bark of the white willow and wintergreen leaves. Salicylic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=69-72-7 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 69-72-7). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Salicylic acid (2-Hydroxybenzoic acid) inhibits cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity independently of transcription factor (NF-κB) activation[1]. Salicylic acid (2-Hydroxybenzoic acid) inhibits cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity independently of transcription factor (NF-κB) activation[1].

Caffeic acid

(2E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid

Caffeic acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid that is cinnamic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4. It exists in cis and trans forms; the latter is the more common. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor, an EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor, an EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor, an antioxidant and an EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor. It is a hydroxycinnamic acid and a member of catechols. Caffeic Acid is a natural product found in Pavetta indica, Eupatorium cannabinum, and other organisms with data available. Caffeic Acid is an orally bioavailable, hydroxycinnamic acid derivative and polyphenol, with potential anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, caffeic acid acts as an antioxidant and prevents oxidative stress, thereby preventing DNA damage induced by free radicals. Caffeic acid targets and inhibits the histone demethylase (HDM) oncoprotein gene amplified in squamous cell carcinoma 1 (GASC1; JMJD2C; KDM4C) and inhibits cancer cell proliferation. GASC1, a member of the KDM4 subgroup of Jumonji (Jmj) domain-containing proteins, demethylates trimethylated lysine 9 and lysine 36 on histone H3 (H3K9 and H3K36), and plays a key role in tumor cell development. Caffeic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: Black Cohosh (part of); Arctium lappa Root (part of); Comfrey Leaf (part of) ... View More ... 3,4-Dihydroxy-trans-cinnamate, also known as trans-Caffeate, is a polyphenol present in normal human urine positively correlated to coffee consumption and influenced by the dietary intake of diverse types of food (PMID:16870009). trans-Caffeic acid is found in many foods, some of which are flaxseed, cereal and cereal products, common grape, fruits, and common sage. It is also found in wine and coffee in free and conjugated forms. Caffeic acid (CAS: 331-39-5) is a polyphenol present in normal human urine positively correlated to coffee consumption and influenced by the dietary intake of diverse types of food (PMID:16870009). Caffeic acid has been found to be a microbial metabolite of Escherichia (PMID: 28396925). Caffeic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=331-39-5 (retrieved 2024-06-28) (CAS RN: 331-39-5). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO). Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO). Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO).

4-Hydroxybenzoic acid

4-hydroxybenzoic acid

C7H6O3 (138.03169259999999)

4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, also known as p-hydroxybenzoate or 4-carboxyphenol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives. Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives are compounds containing a hydroxybenzoic acid (or a derivative), which is a benzene ring bearing a carboxyl and a hydroxyl groups. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid is a white crystalline solid that is slightly soluble in water and chloroform but more soluble in polar organic solvents such as alcohols and acetone. It is a nutty and phenolic tasting compound. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid can be found naturally in coconut. It is one of the main catechins metabolites found in humans after consumption of green tea infusions. It is also found in wine, in vanilla, in A√ßa√≠ oil, obtained from the fruit of the a√ßa√≠ palm (Euterpe oleracea), at relatively high concetrations (892¬±52 mg/kg). It is also found in cloudy olive oil and in the edible mushroom Russula virescens. It has been detected in red huckleberries, rabbiteye blueberries, and corianders and in a lower concentration in olives, red raspberries, and almonds. In humans, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid is involved in ubiquinone biosynthesis. In particular, the enzyme 4-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyltransferase uses a polyprenyl diphosphate and 4-hydroxybenzoate to produce diphosphate and 4-hydroxy-3-polyprenylbenzoate. This enzyme participates in ubiquinone biosynthesis. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid can be biosynthesized by the enzyme Chorismate lyase. Chorismate lyase is an enzyme that transforms chorismate into 4-hydroxybenzoate and pyruvate. This enzyme catalyses the first step in ubiquinone biosynthesis in Escherichia coli and other Gram-negative bacteria. 4-Hydroxybenzoate is an intermediate in many enzyme-mediated reactions in microbes. For instance, the enzyme 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase uses 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, NAD+ and H2O to produce 4-hydroxybenzoate, NADH and H+. This enzyme participates in toluene and xylene degradation in bacteria such as Pseudomonas mendocina. 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase is also found in carrots. The enzyme 4-hydroxybenzoate 1-hydroxylase transforms 4-hydroxybenzoate, NAD(P)H, 2 H+ and O2 into hydroquinone, NAD(P)+, H2O and CO2. This enzyme participates in 2,4-dichlorobenzoate degradation and is found in Candida parapsilosis. The enzyme 4-hydroxybenzoate 3-monooxygenase transforms 4-hydroxybenzoate, NADPH, H+ and O2 into protocatechuate, NADP+ and H2O. This enzyme participates in benzoate degradation via hydroxylation and 2,4-dichlorobenzoate degradation and is found in Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas fluorescens. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid is a popular antioxidant in part because of its low toxicity. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid has estrogenic activity both in vitro and in vivo (PMID 9417843). Isolated from many plants, free and combined. Alkyl esters of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (see below) are used as food and cosmetic preservatives, mainly in their Na salt form, which makes them more water soluble. They are active at low concentrations and more pH-independent than the commonly used Benzoic acid DVN38-Z and 2,4-Hexadienoic acid GMZ10-P. The taste is more detectable than for those preservatives. Effectiveness increases with chain length of the alcohol, but for some microorganisms this reduces cell permeability and thus counteracts the increased efficiency. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid is found in many foods, some of which are chicory, corn, rye, and black huckleberry. 4-hydroxybenzoic acid is a monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid carrying a hydroxy substituent at C-4 of the benzene ring. It has a role as a plant metabolite and an algal metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a 4-hydroxybenzoate. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). See also: Vaccinium myrtillus Leaf (part of); Galium aparine whole (part of); Menyanthes trifoliata leaf (part of) ... View More ... A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid carrying a hydroxy substituent at C-4 of the benzene ring. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=99-96-7 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 99-96-7). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, a phenolic derivative of benzoic acid, could inhibit most gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria, with an IC50 of 160 μg/mL. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, a phenolic derivative of benzoic acid, could inhibit most gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria, with an IC50 of 160 μg/mL.

Campesterol

(1S,2R,5S,10S,11S,14R,15R)-14-[(2R,5R)-5,6-dimethylheptan-2-yl]-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadec-7-en-5-ol

C28H48O (400.37049579999996)

Campesterol is a phytosterol, meaning it is a steroid derived from plants. As a food additive, phytosterols have cholesterol-lowering properties (reducing cholesterol absorption in intestines), and may act in cancer prevention. Phytosterols naturally occur in small amount in vegetable oils, especially soybean oil. One such phytosterol complex, isolated from vegetable oil, is cholestatin, composed of campesterol, stigmasterol, and brassicasterol, and is marketed as a dietary supplement. Sterols can reduce cholesterol in human subjects by up to 15\\\\\%. The mechanism behind phytosterols and the lowering of cholesterol occurs as follows : the incorporation of cholesterol into micelles in the gastrointestinal tract is inhibited, decreasing the overall amount of cholesterol absorbed. This may in turn help to control body total cholesterol levels, as well as modify HDL, LDL and TAG levels. Many margarines, butters, breakfast cereals and spreads are now enriched with phytosterols and marketed towards people with high cholesterol and a wish to lower it. -- Wikipedia. Campesterol is a member of phytosterols, a 3beta-sterol, a 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid and a C28-steroid. It has a role as a mouse metabolite. It derives from a hydride of a campestane. Campesterol is a natural product found in Haplophyllum bucharicum, Bugula neritina, and other organisms with data available. Campesterol is a steroid derivative that is the simplest sterol, characterized by the hydroxyl group in position C-3 of the steroid skeleton, and saturated bonds throughout the sterol structure, with the exception of the 5-6 double bond in the B ring. Campesterol. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=474-62-4 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 474-62-4). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Campesterol is a plant sterol with cholesterol lowering and anticarcinogenic effects. Campesterol is a plant sterol with cholesterol lowering and anticarcinogenic effects.

Stigmasterol

(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-((2R,5S,E)-5-ethyl-6-methylhept-3-en-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol

C29H48O (412.37049579999996)

Stigmasterol is a phytosterol, meaning it is steroid derived from plants. As a food additive, phytosterols have cholesterol-lowering properties (reducing cholesterol absorption in intestines), and may act in cancer prevention. Phytosterols naturally occur in small amount in vegetable oils, especially soybean oil. One such phytosterol complex, isolated from vegetable oil, is cholestatin, composed of campesterol, stigmasterol, and brassicasterol, and is marketed as a dietary supplement. Sterols can reduce cholesterol in human subjects by up to 15\\%. The mechanism behind phytosterols and the lowering of cholesterol occurs as follows : the incorporation of cholesterol into micelles in the gastrointestinal tract is inhibited, decreasing the overall amount of cholesterol absorbed. This may in turn help to control body total cholesterol levels, as well as modify HDL, LDL and TAG levels. Many margarines, butters, breakfast cereals and spreads are now enriched with phytosterols and marketed towards people with high cholesterol and a wish to lower it. Stigmasterol is found to be associated with phytosterolemia, which is an inborn error of metabolism. Stigmasterol is a 3beta-sterol that consists of 3beta-hydroxystigmastane having double bonds at the 5,6- and 22,23-positions. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a 3beta-sterol, a stigmastane sterol, a 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid and a member of phytosterols. It derives from a hydride of a stigmastane. Stigmasterol is a natural product found in Ficus auriculata, Xylopia aromatica, and other organisms with data available. Stigmasterol is a steroid derivative characterized by the hydroxyl group in position C-3 of the steroid skeleton, and unsaturated bonds in position 5-6 of the B ring, and position 22-23 in the alkyl substituent. Stigmasterol is found in the fats and oils of soybean, calabar bean and rape seed, as well as several other vegetables, legumes, nuts, seeds, and unpasteurized milk. See also: Comfrey Root (part of); Saw Palmetto (part of); Plantago ovata seed (part of). Stigmasterol is an unsaturated plant sterol occurring in the plant fats or oils of soybean, calabar bean, and rape seed, and in a number of medicinal herbs, including the Chinese herbs Ophiopogon japonicus (Mai men dong) and American Ginseng. Stigmasterol is also found in various vegetables, legumes, nuts, seeds, and unpasteurized milk. A 3beta-sterol that consists of 3beta-hydroxystigmastane having double bonds at the 5,6- and 22,23-positions. C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28178 - Phytosterol > C68437 - Unsaturated Phytosterol

beta-Sitosterol

(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-((2R,5R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol

beta-Sitosterol, a main dietary phytosterol found in plants, may have the potential for prevention and therapy for human cancer. Phytosterols are plant sterols found in foods such as oils, nuts, and vegetables. Phytosterols, in the same way as cholesterol, contain a double bond and are susceptible to oxidation, and are characterized by anti-carcinogenic and anti-atherogenic properties (PMID:13129445, 11432711). beta-Sitosterol is a phytopharmacological extract containing a mixture of phytosterols, with smaller amounts of other sterols, bonded with glucosides. These phytosterols are commonly derived from the South African star grass, Hypoxis rooperi, or from species of Pinus and Picea. The purported active constituent is termed beta-sitosterol. Additionally, the quantity of beta-sitosterol-beta-D-glucoside is often reported. Although the exact mechanism of action of beta-sitosterols is unknown, it may be related to cholesterol metabolism or anti-inflammatory effects (via interference with prostaglandin metabolism). Compared with placebo, beta-sitosterol improved urinary symptom scores and flow measures (PMID:10368239). A plant food-based diet modifies the serum beta-sitosterol concentration in hyperandrogenic postmenopausal women. This finding indicates that beta-sitosterol can be used as a biomarker of exposure in observational studies or as a compliance indicator in dietary intervention studies of cancer prevention (PMID:14652381). beta-Sitosterol induces apoptosis and activates key caspases in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells (PMID:12579296). Sitosterol is a member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. It has a role as a sterol methyltransferase inhibitor, an anticholesteremic drug, an antioxidant, a plant metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a 3beta-sterol, a stigmastane sterol, a 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid, a C29-steroid and a member of phytosterols. It derives from a hydride of a stigmastane. Active fraction of Solanum trilobatum; reduces side-effects of radiation-induced toxicity. Beta-Sitosterol is a natural product found in Elodea canadensis, Ophiopogon intermedius, and other organisms with data available. beta-Sitosterol is one of several phytosterols (plant sterols) with chemical structures similar to that of cholesterol. Sitosterols are white, waxy powders with a characteristic odor. They are hydrophobic and soluble in alcohols. beta-Sitosterol is found in many foods, some of which are ginseng, globe artichoke, sesbania flower, and common oregano. C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28178 - Phytosterol > C68437 - Unsaturated Phytosterol D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1]. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1].

Lupeol

(1R,3aR,5aR,5bR,7aR,9S,11aR,11bR,13aR,13bR)-3a,5a,5b,8,8,11a-hexamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-ol

Lupeol is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is lupane in which the hydrogen at the 3beta position is substituted by a hydroxy group. It occurs in the skin of lupin seeds, as well as in the latex of fig trees and of rubber plants. It is also found in many edible fruits and vegetables. It has a role as an anti-inflammatory drug and a plant metabolite. It is a secondary alcohol and a pentacyclic triterpenoid. It derives from a hydride of a lupane. Lupeol has been investigated for the treatment of Acne. Lupeol is a natural product found in Ficus auriculata, Ficus septica, and other organisms with data available. See also: Calendula Officinalis Flower (part of). A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is lupane in which the hydrogen at the 3beta position is substituted by a hydroxy group. It occurs in the skin of lupin seeds, as well as in the latex of fig trees and of rubber plants. It is also found in many edible fruits and vegetables. D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents Lupeol (Clerodol; Monogynol B; Fagarasterol) is an active pentacyclic?triterpenoid, has anti-oxidant, anti-mutagenic, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activity. Lupeol is a potent?androgen receptor (AR)?inhibitor and can be used for cancer research, especially prostate cancer of androgen-dependent phenotype (ADPC) and castration resistant phenotype (CRPC)[1]. Lupeol (Clerodol; Monogynol B; Fagarasterol) is an active pentacyclic?triterpenoid, has anti-oxidant, anti-mutagenic, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activity. Lupeol is a potent?androgen receptor (AR)?inhibitor and can be used for cancer research, especially prostate cancer of androgen-dependent phenotype (ADPC) and castration resistant phenotype (CRPC)[1].

Amyrin

(3S,4aR,5R,6aR,6bR,8S,8aR,12aR,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14b-Octamethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,8a,9,10,11,12,12a,14,14a,14b-eicosahydro-picen-3-ol

Beta-amyrin is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is oleanane substituted at the 3beta-position by a hydroxy group and containing a double bond between positions 12 and 13. It is one of the most commonly occurring triterpenoids in higher plants. It has a role as a plant metabolite and an Aspergillus metabolite. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a secondary alcohol. It derives from a hydride of an oleanane. beta-Amyrin is a natural product found in Ficus pertusa, Ficus septica, and other organisms with data available. See also: Calendula Officinalis Flower (part of); Viburnum opulus bark (part of); Centaurium erythraea whole (part of). A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is oleanane substituted at the 3beta-position by a hydroxy group and containing a double bond between positions 12 and 13. It is one of the most commonly occurring triterpenoids in higher plants. β-Amyrin, an ingredient of Celastrus hindsii, blocks amyloid β (Aβ)-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) impairment. β-amyrin is a promising candidate of treatment for AD[1]. β-Amyrin, an ingredient of Celastrus hindsii, blocks amyloid β (Aβ)-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) impairment. β-amyrin is a promising candidate of treatment for AD[1].

Epi-alpha-amyrin

(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aR,11R,12S,12aR,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,12,14b-Octamethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,8a,9,10,11,12,12a,14,14a,14b-eicosahydro-picen-3-ol

Alpha-amyrin is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is ursane which contains a double bond between positions 12 and 13 and in which the hydrogen at the 3beta position is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a secondary alcohol. It derives from a hydride of an ursane. alpha-Amyrin is a natural product found in Ficus septica, Ficus virens, and other organisms with data available. See also: Calendula Officinalis Flower (part of); Viburnum opulus bark (part of); Eupatorium perfoliatum whole (part of) ... View More ... Carissol is found in beverages. Carissol is a constituent of Carissa carandas (karanda). Constituent of Carissa carandas (karanda). Carissol is found in beverages and fruits.

2-Hydroxycinnamic acid

(2E)-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid

2-coumaric acid, also known as o-coumaric acid, is a monohydroxycinnamic acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-2 of the phenyl ring. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a 2-coumarate. It is a hydroxycinnamic acid, an organic compound that is a hydroxy derivative of cinnamic acid. There are three isomers of coumaric acids: o-coumaric acid, m-coumaric acid, and p-coumaric acid, that differ by the position of the hydroxy substitution of the phenyl group. 2-Hydroxycinnamic acid belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxycinnamic acids. Hydroxycinnamic acids are compounds containing an cinnamic acid where the benzene ring is hydroxylated. 2-Hydroxycinnamic acid exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. 2-Hydroxycinnamic acid has been found in a few different foods, such as corns, hard wheats, and olives and in a lower concentration in pomegranates, american cranberries, and peanuts. 2-Hydroxycinnamic acid has also been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as carrots, soy beans, ryes, rye bread, and turmerics. Coumaric acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid, an organic compound that is a hydroxy derivative of cinnamic acid. There are three isomers, o-coumaric acid, m-coumaric acid, and p-coumaric acid, that differ by the position of the hydroxy substitution of the phenyl group. p-Coumaric acid is the most abundant isomer of the three in nature. o-Coumaric acid is found in many foods, some of which are common wheat, date, bilberry, and corn. 2-coumaric acid is a monohydroxycinnamic acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-2 of the phenyl ring. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a 2-coumarate. 2-Hydroxycinnamic acid is a natural product found in Mikania glomerata, Coffea arabica, and other organisms with data available. See also: Ipomoea aquatica leaf (part of). The trans-isomer of 2-coumaric acid. o-Coumaric acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=583-17-5 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 583-17-5). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

Methyl 2-hydroxybenzoate

Methyl salicylate, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material

Methyl salicylate appears as colorless yellowish or reddish liquid with odor of wintergreen. (USCG, 1999) Methyl salicylate is a benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of salicylic acid. It has a role as a flavouring agent, a metabolite and an insect attractant. It is a benzoate ester, a member of salicylates and a methyl ester. It is functionally related to a salicylic acid. Methyl salicylate (oil of wintergreen or wintergreen oil) is an organic ester naturally produced by many species of plants, particularly wintergreens. The compound was first extracted and isolated from plant species Gaultheria procumbens in 1843. It can be manufactured synthetically and it used as a fragrance, in foods, beverages, and liniments. It forms a colorless to yellow or reddish liquid and exhibits a characteristic odor and taste of wintergreen. For acute joint and muscular pain, methyl salicylate is used as a rubefacient and analgesic in deep heating liniments. It is used as a flavoring agent in chewing gums and mints in small concentrations and added as antiseptic in mouthwash solutions. Methyl Salicylate is a natural product found in Nepeta nepetella, Eupatorium cannabinum, and other organisms with data available. Methyl 2-hydroxybenzoate is found in beverages. Methyl 2-hydroxybenzoate is present in white wine, tea, porcini mushroom Boletus edulis, Bourbon vanilla, clary sage, red sage and fruits including cherry, apple, raspberry, papaya and plum. Methyl 2-hydroxybenzoate is found in leaves of Gaultheria procumbens (wintergreen). Methyl 2-hydroxybenzoate is a flavouring agent. Methyl 2-hydroxy benzoate is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: Salicylic Acid (has active moiety); Clove Oil (part of); LIDOCAINE; MENTHOL; Methyl Salicylate (component of) ... View More ... Methyl 2-hydroxybenzoate, also known as methyl salicylate, 2-(methoxycarbonyl)phenol or 2-carbomethoxyphenol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as o-hydroxybenzoic acid esters. These are benzoic acid esters where the benzene ring is ortho-substituted with a hydroxy group. Methyl 2-hydroxybenzoate is a mint, peppermint, and wintergreen tasting compound. Methyl 2-hydroxybenzoate is found, on average, in the highest concentration within hyssops and bilberries. Methyl 2-hydroxybenzoate has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as chinese cinnamons, tamarinds, tea, mushrooms, and roselles. Minor metabolism may occur in various tissues but hepatic metabolism constitutes the majority of metabolic processes of absorbed methyl salicylate. Methyl 2-hydroxybenzoate is a potentially toxic compound. Present in white wine, tea, porcini mushroom Boletus edulis, Bourbon vanilla, clary sage, red sage and fruits including cherry, apple, raspberry, papaya and plum. For acute joint and muscular pain, Methyl 2-hydroxybenzoate is used as a rubefacient and analgesic in deep heating liniments. This is thought to mask the underlying musculoskeletal pain and discomfort. Severe toxicity can result in acute lung injury, lethargy, coma, seizures, cerebral edema, and death. Counter-irritation is believed to cause a soothing sensation of warmth. Methyl salicylate plays a role as a signaling molecule in plants. Present in white wine, tea, porcini mushroom Boletus edulis, Bourbon vanilla, clary sage, red sage and fruits including cherry, apple, raspberry, papaya and plum. Found in leaves of Gaultheria procumbens (wintergreen). Flavouring agent. D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D012459 - Salicylates C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent > C2198 - Nonnarcotic Analgesic A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of salicylic acid. D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents D005404 - Fixatives Same as: D01087 Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Methyl Salicylate (Wintergreen oil) is a topical analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent. Also used as a pesticide, a denaturant, a fragrance ingredient, and a flavoring agent in food and tobacco products[1]. A systemic acquired resistance (SAR) signal in tobacco[2]. A topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID). Methyl salicylate lactoside is a COX inhibitor[4]. Methyl Salicylate (Wintergreen oil) is a topical analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent. Also used as a pesticide, a denaturant, a fragrance ingredient, and a flavoring agent in food and tobacco products[1]. A systemic acquired resistance (SAR) signal in tobacco[2]. A topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID). Methyl salicylate lactoside is a COX inhibitor[4].

Taraxasterol

(3S,4aR,6aR,6aR,6bR,8aR,12S,12aS,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,8a,12,14b-heptamethyl-11-methylidene-1,2,3,4a,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14,14a-hexadecahydropicen-3-ol

Constituent of dandelion roots (Taraxacum officinale), Roman chamomile flowers (Anthemis nobilis) and many other plants. Taraxasterol is found in many foods, some of which are soy bean, chicory, evening primrose, and common grape. Taraxasterol is found in alcoholic beverages. Taraxasterol is a constituent of dandelion roots (Taraxacum officinale), Roman chamomile flowers (Anthemis nobilis) and many other plants Taraxasterol is a pentacyclic triterpenoid isolated from Taraxacum mongolicum. Taraxasterol has a role as a metabolite and an anti-inflammatory agent[1]. Taraxasterol is a pentacyclic triterpenoid isolated from Taraxacum mongolicum. Taraxasterol has a role as a metabolite and an anti-inflammatory agent[1].

cis-Caffeic acid

(2Z)-3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid

Caffeic acid, also known as caffeate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxycinnamic acids. Hydroxycinnamic acids are compounds containing an cinnamic acid where the benzene ring is hydroxylated. Caffeic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. It is the precursor to ferulic acid, coniferyl alcohol, and sinapyl alcohol, all of which are significant building blocks in lignin. Outside of the human body, caffeic acid has been detected, but not quantified in fats and oils and nuts. Caffeic acid is formally rated as a possible carcinogen (by IARC 2B) and is also a potentially toxic compound. Caffeic acid has a variety of potential pharmacological effects in in vitro studies and in animal models, and the inhibitory effect of caffeic acid on cancer cell proliferation by an oxidative mechanism in the human HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cell line has recently been established. It occurs at high levels in black chokeberry (141 mg per 100 g) and in fairly high level in lingonberry (6 mg per 100 g). D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants Found in olive oil, peanuts and other plant sources Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO). Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO). Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO).

Taraxasterol

(3S,4aR,6aR,6aR,6bR,8aR,12S,12aR,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,8a,12,14b-heptamethyl-11-methylidene-1,2,3,4a,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14,14a-hexadecahydropicen-3-ol

Taraxasterol is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is taraxastane with a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. It has a role as a metabolite and an anti-inflammatory agent. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a secondary alcohol. It derives from a hydride of a taraxastane. Taraxasterol is a natural product found in Eupatorium altissimum, Eupatorium perfoliatum, and other organisms with data available. See also: Calendula Officinalis Flower (part of). A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is taraxastane with a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. Taraxasterol is a pentacyclic triterpenoid isolated from Taraxacum mongolicum. Taraxasterol has a role as a metabolite and an anti-inflammatory agent[1]. Taraxasterol is a pentacyclic triterpenoid isolated from Taraxacum mongolicum. Taraxasterol has a role as a metabolite and an anti-inflammatory agent[1].

β-Amyrin

beta-amyrin-H2O

Beta-amyrin, also known as amyrin or (3beta)-olean-12-en-3-ol, is a member of the class of compounds known as triterpenoids. Triterpenoids are terpene molecules containing six isoprene units. Thus, beta-amyrin is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Beta-amyrin is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Beta-amyrin can be synthesized from oleanane. Beta-amyrin is also a parent compound for other transformation products, including but not limited to, erythrodiol, glycyrrhetaldehyde, and 24-hydroxy-beta-amyrin. Beta-amyrin can be found in a number of food items such as thistle, pepper (c. baccatum), wakame, and endive, which makes beta-amyrin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. The amyrins are three closely related natural chemical compounds of the triterpene class. They are designated α-amyrin (ursane skeleton), β-amyrin (oleanane skeleton) and δ-amyrin. Each is a pentacyclic triterpenol with the chemical formula C30H50O. They are widely distributed in nature and have been isolated from a variety of plant sources such as epicuticular wax. In plant biosynthesis, α-amyrin is the precursor of ursolic acid and β-amyrin is the precursor of oleanolic acid. All three amyrins occur in the surface wax of tomato fruit. α-Amyrin is found in dandelion coffee . β-Amyrin, an ingredient of Celastrus hindsii, blocks amyloid β (Aβ)-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) impairment. β-amyrin is a promising candidate of treatment for AD[1]. β-Amyrin, an ingredient of Celastrus hindsii, blocks amyloid β (Aβ)-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) impairment. β-amyrin is a promising candidate of treatment for AD[1].

sitosterol

17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol

A member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28178 - Phytosterol > C68437 - Unsaturated Phytosterol D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1]. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1].

lupeol

Lup-20(29)-en-3.beta.-ol

D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents Lupeol (Clerodol; Monogynol B; Fagarasterol) is an active pentacyclic?triterpenoid, has anti-oxidant, anti-mutagenic, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activity. Lupeol is a potent?androgen receptor (AR)?inhibitor and can be used for cancer research, especially prostate cancer of androgen-dependent phenotype (ADPC) and castration resistant phenotype (CRPC)[1]. Lupeol (Clerodol; Monogynol B; Fagarasterol) is an active pentacyclic?triterpenoid, has anti-oxidant, anti-mutagenic, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activity. Lupeol is a potent?androgen receptor (AR)?inhibitor and can be used for cancer research, especially prostate cancer of androgen-dependent phenotype (ADPC) and castration resistant phenotype (CRPC)[1].

Caffeate

(2Z)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid

D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants KEIO_ID C107 Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO). Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO). Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO).

2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid

"2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid"

D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D012459 - Salicylates Profile spectrum of this record is given as a JPEG file.; [Profile] MCH00007.jpg Profile spectrum of this record is given as a JPEG file.; [Profile] MCH00006.jpg Profile spectrum of this record is given as a JPEG file.; [Profile] MCH00002.jpg 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is a derivative of benzoic and a powerful inhibitor of fibroblast growth factors. 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is a derivative of benzoic and a powerful inhibitor of fibroblast growth factors.

Campesterol

C28H48O (400.37049579999996)

Disclaimer: While authors make an effort to ensure that the content of this record is accurate, the authors make no representations or warranties in relation to the accuracy or completeness of the record. This record do not reflect any viewpoints of the affiliation and organization to which the authors belong. Campesterol is a plant sterol with cholesterol lowering and anticarcinogenic effects. Campesterol is a plant sterol with cholesterol lowering and anticarcinogenic effects.

Caffeic Acid

3,4-dihydroxy cinnamic acid

A hydroxycinnamic acid that is cinnamic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4. It exists in cis and trans forms; the latter is the more common. 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid, also known as caffeic acid or trans-caffeate, is a member of the class of compounds known as hydroxycinnamic acids. Hydroxycinnamic acids are compounds containing an cinnamic acid where the benzene ring is hydroxylated. 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid is slightly soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid can be found in fats and oils and nuts, which makes 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Caffeic acid is an organic compound that is classified as a hydroxycinnamic acid. This yellow solid consists of both phenolic and acrylic functional groups. It is found in all plants because it is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of lignin, one of the principal components of plant biomass and its residues . Caffeic acid is a polyphenol present in normal human urine positively correlated to coffee consumption and influenced by the dietary intake of diverse types of food. (PMID:16870009) [HMDB]. Caffeic acid is found in many foods, some of which are cardoon, coriander, common persimmon, and irish moss. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants Annotation level-2 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 167 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.412 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.403 Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO). Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO). Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO).

4-hydroxybenzoate

4-Hydroxybenzoic acid

C7H6O3 (138.03169259999999)

4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, a phenolic derivative of benzoic acid, could inhibit most gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria, with an IC50 of 160 μg/mL. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, a phenolic derivative of benzoic acid, could inhibit most gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria, with an IC50 of 160 μg/mL.

Methyl Salicylate

Methyl Salicylate (Wintergreen oil) is a topical analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent. Also used as a pesticide, a denaturant, a fragrance ingredient, and a flavoring agent in food and tobacco products[1]. A systemic acquired resistance (SAR) signal in tobacco[2]. A topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID). Methyl salicylate lactoside is a COX inhibitor[4]. Methyl Salicylate (Wintergreen oil) is a topical analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent. Also used as a pesticide, a denaturant, a fragrance ingredient, and a flavoring agent in food and tobacco products[1]. A systemic acquired resistance (SAR) signal in tobacco[2]. A topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID). Methyl salicylate lactoside is a COX inhibitor[4].

Vanillic Acid

Vanillic acid hexoside

C8H8O4 (168.0422568)

Vanillic acid is a flavoring agent found in edible plants and fruits, also found in Angelica sinensis. Vanillic acid inhibits NF-κB activation. Anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and chemopreventive effects[1]. Vanillic acid is a flavoring agent found in edible plants and fruits, also found in Angelica sinensis. Vanillic acid inhibits NF-κB activation. Anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and chemopreventive effects[1].

p-Hydroxybenzoic acid

C7H6O3 (138.03169259999999)

gentisic acid

2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid

2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is a derivative of benzoic and a powerful inhibitor of fibroblast growth factors. 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is a derivative of benzoic and a powerful inhibitor of fibroblast growth factors.

3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid

Hydroxycinnamic acid

The cis-stereoisomer of 3-coumaric acid.

birch-me

Methyl Salicylate

D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D012459 - Salicylates C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent > C2198 - Nonnarcotic Analgesic D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents D005404 - Fixatives Methyl Salicylate (Wintergreen oil) is a topical analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent. Also used as a pesticide, a denaturant, a fragrance ingredient, and a flavoring agent in food and tobacco products[1]. A systemic acquired resistance (SAR) signal in tobacco[2]. A topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID). Methyl salicylate lactoside is a COX inhibitor[4]. Methyl Salicylate (Wintergreen oil) is a topical analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent. Also used as a pesticide, a denaturant, a fragrance ingredient, and a flavoring agent in food and tobacco products[1]. A systemic acquired resistance (SAR) signal in tobacco[2]. A topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID). Methyl salicylate lactoside is a COX inhibitor[4].

99-50-3

InChI=1\C7H6O4\c8-5-2-1-4(7(10)11)3-6(5)9\h1-3,8-9H,(H,10,11

D020011 - Protective Agents > D016588 - Anticarcinogenic Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents Protocatechuic acid is a phenolic compound which exhibits neuroprotective effect. Protocatechuic acid is a phenolic compound which exhibits neuroprotective effect.

Vanillate

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid

C8H8O4 (168.0422568)

AI3-63211

InChI=1\C9H8O4\c10-7-3-1-6(5-8(7)11)2-4-9(12)13\h1-5,10-11H,(H,12,13)\b4-2

D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO). Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO). Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of both TRPV1 ion channel and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO).

Harzol

(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)-5-ethyl-6-methyl-heptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol

C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28178 - Phytosterol > C68437 - Unsaturated Phytosterol D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1]. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1].

Stigmasterin

(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(E,2R,5S)-5-ethyl-6-methyl-hept-3-en-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol

C29H48O (412.37049579999996)

C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28178 - Phytosterol > C68437 - Unsaturated Phytosterol

viminalol

(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aR,11R,12S,12aR,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,12,14b-Octamethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,8a,9,10,11,12,12a,14,14a,14b-eicosahydro-picen-3-ol

Betula

InChI=1\C8H8O3\c1-11-8(10)6-4-2-3-5-7(6)9\h2-5,9H,1H

Coumarate

InChI=1\C9H8O3\c10-8-4-1-7(2-5-8)3-6-9(11)12\h1-6,10H,(H,11,12)\b6-3

D012102 - Reproductive Control Agents > D003270 - Contraceptive Agents D000975 - Antioxidants > D016166 - Free Radical Scavengers D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents p-Coumaric acid is the abundant isomer of cinnamic acid which has antitumor and anti-mutagenic activities. p-Coumaric acid is the abundant isomer of cinnamic acid which has antitumor and anti-mutagenic activities. p-Hydroxycinnamic acid, a common dietary phenol, could inhibit platelet activity, with IC50s of 371 μM, 126 μM for thromboxane B2 production and lipopolysaccharide-induced prostaglandin E2 generation, respectively. p-Hydroxycinnamic acid, a common dietary phenol, could inhibit platelet activity, with IC50s of 371 μM, 126 μM for thromboxane B2 production and lipopolysaccharide-induced prostaglandin E2 generation, respectively.

GENOP

InChI=1\C7H6O4\c8-4-1-2-6(9)5(3-4)7(10)11\h1-3,8-9H,(H,10,11

D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D012459 - Salicylates 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is a derivative of benzoic and a powerful inhibitor of fibroblast growth factors. 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is a derivative of benzoic and a powerful inhibitor of fibroblast growth factors.

(1r,3as,3bs,7s,9bs)-1-[(2r,5r)-5,6-dimethylheptan-2-yl]-9a,11a-dimethyl-1h,2h,3h,3ah,3bh,4h,6h,7h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-7-ol

C28H48O (400.37049579999996)

(6ar,6br,8ar,14br)-4,4,6a,6b,8a,12,14b-heptamethyl-11-methylidene-hexadecahydropicen-3-ol

stigmast-5-en-3-ol, (3β)-