Classification Term: 2784

Adenosine

C10H13N5O4 (267.09674980000005)

Adenosine is a ribonucleoside composed of a molecule of adenine attached to a ribofuranose moiety via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. It has a role as an anti-arrhythmia drug, a vasodilator agent, an analgesic, a human metabolite and a fundamental metabolite. It is a purines D-ribonucleoside and a member of adenosines. It is functionally related to an adenine. The structure of adenosine was first described in 1931, though the vasodilating effects were not described in literature until the 1940s. Adenosine is indicated as an adjunct to thallium-201 in myocardial perfusion scintigraphy, though it is rarely used in this indication, having largely been replaced by [dipyridamole] and [regadenson]. Adenosine is also indicated in the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia. Adenosine was granted FDA approval on 30 October 1989. Adenosine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Adenosine is an Adenosine Receptor Agonist. The mechanism of action of adenosine is as an Adenosine Receptor Agonist. Adenosine is a natural product found in Smilax bracteata, Mikania laevigata, and other organisms with data available. Adenosine is a ribonucleoside comprised of adenine bound to ribose, with vasodilatory, antiarrhythmic and analgesic activities. Phosphorylated forms of adenosine play roles in cellular energy transfer, signal transduction and the synthesis of RNA. Adenosine is a nucleoside that is composed of adenine and d-ribose. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. For instance, adenosine plays an important role in energy transfer - as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). It also plays a role in signal transduction as cyclic adenosine monophosphate, cAMP. Adenosine itself is both a neurotransmitter and potent vasodilator. When administered intravenously, adenosine causes transient heart block in the AV node. Because of the effects of adenosine on AV node-dependent supraventricular tachycardia, adenosine is considered a class V antiarrhythmic agent. Adenosine is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A nucleoside that is composed of adenine and d-ribose. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. Adenosine itself is a neurotransmitter. See also: Adenosine; Niacinamide (component of); Adenosine; Glycerin (component of); Adenosine; ginsenosides (component of) ... View More ... Adenosine is a nucleoside that is composed of adenine and D-ribose. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. For instance, adenosine plays an important role in energy transfer as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). It also plays a role in signal transduction as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Adenosine itself is both a neurotransmitter and potent vasodilator. When administered intravenously adenosine causes transient heart block in the AV node. Due to the effects of adenosine on AV node-dependent supraventricular tachycardia, adenosine is considered a class V antiarrhythmic agent. Overdoses of adenosine intake (as a drug) can lead to several side effects including chest pain, feeling faint, shortness of breath, and tingling of the senses. Serious side effects include a worsening dysrhythmia and low blood pressure. When present in sufficiently high levels, adenosine can act as an immunotoxin and a metabotoxin. An immunotoxin disrupts, limits the function, or destroys immune cells. A metabotoxin is an endogenous metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of adenosine are associated with adenosine deaminase deficiency. Adenosine is a precursor to deoxyadenosine, which is a precursor to dATP. A buildup of dATP in cells inhibits ribonucleotide reductase and prevents DNA synthesis, so cells are unable to divide. Since developing T cells and B cells are some of the most mitotically active cells, they are unable to divide and propagate to respond to immune challenges. High levels of deoxyadenosine also lead to an increase in S-adenosylhomocysteine, which is toxic to immature lymphocytes. Adenosine is a nucleoside composed of a molecule of adenine attached to a ribose sugar molecule (ribofuranose) moiety via a beta-N9-glycosidic bond. [Wikipedia]. Adenosine is found in many foods, some of which are borage, japanese persimmon, nuts, and barley. COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank, COVID-19 Disease Map, clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials A ribonucleoside composed of a molecule of adenine attached to a ribofuranose moiety via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. Adenosine. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=58-61-7 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 58-61-7). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation[1][2]. Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation[1][2]. Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation[1][2].

Inosine

C10H12N4O5 (268.08076619999997)

Inosine, also known as hypoxanthosine or inotin, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as purine nucleosides. Purine nucleosides are compounds comprising a purine base attached to a ribosyl or deoxyribosyl moiety. Inosine is formed when hypoxanthine is attached to a ribose ring a beta-N9-glycosidic bond. Inosine is an intermediate in the degradation of purines and purine nucleosides to uric acid. Inosine is also an intermediate in the purine salvage pathway. Inosine occurs in the anticodon of certain transfer RNA molecules and is essential for proper translation of the genetic code in wobble base pairs. Inosine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. Inosine participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, inosine can be biosynthesized from inosinic acid through its interaction with the enzyme known as cytosolic purine 5-nucleotidase. In addition, inosine can be converted into hypoxanthine and ribose 1-phosphate through its interaction with the enzyme known as purine nucleoside phosphorylase. Altered levels of inosine have also been associated with purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency and xanthinuria type I, both of which are inborn errors of metabolism. Animal studies have suggested that inosine has neuroprotective properties. It has been proposed as a potential treatment for spinal cord injury (PMID: 16317421) and for administration after stroke, as inosine appears to induce axonal rewiring (PMID: 12084941). After ingestion, inosine is metabolized into uric acid, which has been found to be a natural antioxidant and peroxynitrite scavenger. As such, inosine may have potential benefits to patients with multiple sclerosis and Parkinson’s disease (PMID: 19425822). Inosine can also be produced by gut bacteria and appears to have a number of beneficial effects. Inosine, has been shown to activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma signaling in human colon epithelial cells. Furthermore, exogenous treatment of inosine has been found to protect against DSS-induced colitis in rodents by improving adenosine 2A receptor (A2AR)/PPAR-gamma-dependent mucosal barrier functions (PMID: 33820558). Microbiome-derived inosine has also been shown to modulate the response to checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy in cancer models. In particular, decreased gut barrier function induced by immunotherapy increases systemic translocation of bacterially derived inosine and activates antitumor T cells. The effect of inosine is dependent on T cell expression of the adenosine A2A receptor and requires co-stimulation. Inosine appears to have other roles in non-mammalian system. For instance, it has been found to be an important feed stimulant by itself or in combination with certain amino acids in some species of farmed fish. For example, inosine and inosine-5-monophosphate have been reported as specific feeding stimulants for turbot fry, (Scophthalmus maximus) and Japanese amberjack. Inosine is a purine nucleoside in which hypoxanthine is attached to ribofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. It has a role as a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a purines D-ribonucleoside and a member of inosines. It is functionally related to a hypoxanthine and a ribofuranose. A purine nucleoside that has hypoxanthine linked by the N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of ribose. It is an intermediate in the degradation of purines and purine nucleosides to uric acid and in pathways of purine salvage. It also occurs in the anticodon of certain transfer RNA molecules. (Dorland, 28th ed) Inosine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Inosine is a natural product found in Fritillaria thunbergii, Cichorium endivia, and other organisms with data available. Inosine is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A purine nucleoside that has hypoxanthine linked by the N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of ribose. It is an intermediate in the degradation of purines and purine nucleosides to uric acid and in pathways of purine salvage. It also occurs in the anticodon of certain transfer RNA molecules. (Dorland, 28th ed) G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G01 - Gynecological antiinfectives and antiseptics > G01A - Antiinfectives and antiseptics, excl. combinations with corticosteroids D - Dermatologicals > D06 - Antibiotics and chemotherapeutics for dermatological use > D06B - Chemotherapeutics for topical use > D06BB - Antivirals A purine nucleoside in which hypoxanthine is attached to ribofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map, clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals Present in meat extracts and sugar beet Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS [Spectral] Inosine (exact mass = 268.08077) and L-Methionine (exact mass = 149.05105) and Adenosine (exact mass = 267.09675) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. [Spectral] Inosine (exact mass = 268.08077) and L-Tyrosine (exact mass = 181.07389) and Guanosine (exact mass = 283.09167) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. [Spectral] Inosine (exact mass = 268.08077) and S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine (exact mass = 384.12159) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. [Spectral] Inosine (exact mass = 268.08077) and Guanosine (exact mass = 283.09167) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 110 KEIO_ID I003 Inosine is an endogenous purine nucleoside produced by catabolism of adenosine. Inosine has anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects. Inosine is an agonist for adenosine A1 (A1R) and A2A (A2AR) receptors[1][2][3]. Inosine is an endogenous purine nucleoside produced by catabolism of adenosine. Inosine has anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects. Inosine is an agonist for adenosine A1 (A1R) and A2A (A2AR) receptors[1][2][3]. Inosine is an endogenous purine nucleoside produced by catabolism of adenosine. Inosine has anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects. Inosine is an agonist for adenosine A1 (A1R) and A2A (A2AR) receptors[1][2][3]. Inosine is an endogenous purine nucleoside produced by catabolism of adenosine. Inosine has anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects. Inosine is an agonist for adenosine A1 (A1R) and A2A (A2AR) receptors[1][2][3].

Guanosine

C10H13N5O5 (283.0916648)

Guanosine (G), also known as 2-amino-inosine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as purine nucleosides. Purine nucleosides are compounds comprising a purine base attached to a ribosyl or deoxyribosyl sugar moiety. Guanosine consists of a guanine base attached to a ribose (ribofuranose) ring via a beta-N9-glycosidic bond. Guanosine is a white, crystalline powder with no odor and mild saline taste. It is very soluble in acetic acid, and slightly soluble in water, but insoluble in ethanol, diethyl ether, benzene, and chloroform. Guanosine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. High levels of guanosine can be found in clovers, coffee plants, and the pollen of pines. It has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as leeks, garlic, chicory roots, green bell peppers, and black-eyed peas. Guanosine plays an important role in various biochemical processes including the synthesis of nucleic acids such as RNA and intracellular signal transduction (cGMP). The antiviral drug acyclovir, often used in herpes treatment, and the anti-HIV drug abacavir, are both structurally similar to guanosine. Guanosine can be phosphorylated to become guanosine monophosphate (GMP), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), guanosine diphosphate (GDP), and guanosine triphosphate (GTP). In humans, guanosine is involved in intracellular signalling through the adenosine receptors A1R and A2AR (PMID: 31847113). Evidence from rodent and cell models has shown a number of important neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects of guanosine. In particular, it is effective in preventing deleterious consequences of seizures, spinal cord injury, pain, mood disorders and aging-related diseases, such as ischemia, Parkinson‚Äôs and Alzheimer‚Äôs diseases (PMID: 27699087). Studies with rodent models of Parkinson‚Äôs disease have shown that guanosine decreases neuronal apoptotic cell death and increases dopaminergic neurons at substantia nigra pars compacta, accompanied by an improvement of motor symptoms in Parkinson‚Äôs disease (i.e. a reduction of bradykinesia). Guanosine promotes neurite arborization, outgrowth, proliferation and differentiation. Systemic administration of guanosine for eight weeks (8 mg/kg) has been shown to stimulate neuroprogenitors proliferation in the subventricular zone (SVZ) in a mouse model of Parkinsonism (PMID: 27699087). The effect of guanosine treatment is accompanied by an increased number of fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2)-positive cells which is an important regulator of neuroprogenitor/stem cell proliferation, survival and differentiation (PMID: 27699087). Guanosine prevents reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and cell death in hippocampal slices subjected to the oxygen/glucose deprivation (PMID: 31847113). Guanosine is a purine nucleoside in which guanine is attached to ribofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. It has a role as a fundamental metabolite. It is a purines D-ribonucleoside and a member of guanosines. It is functionally related to a guanine. Guanosine is a nucleoside comprising guanine attached to a ribose (ribofuranose) ring via a β-N9-glycosidic bond. Guanosine can be phosphorylated to become GMP (guanosine monophosphate), cGMP (cyclic guanosine monophosphate), GDP (guanosine diphosphate) and GTP (guanosine triphosphate) which are factors in signal transduction pathways. Guanosine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Guanosine is a natural product found in Ulva australis, Allium chinense, and other organisms with data available. Guanosine is a purine nucleoside formed from a beta-N9-glycosidic bond between guanine and a ribose ring and is essential for metabolism. Guanosine is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A purine nucleoside that has guanine linked by its N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of ribose. It is a component of ribonucleic acid and its nucleotides play important roles in metabolism. (From Dorland, 28th ed) Guanosine is a nucleoside comprising guanine attached to a ribose (ribofuranose) ring via a beta-N9-glycosidic bond. Guanosine can be phosphorylated to become GMP (guanosine monophosphate), cGMP (cyclic guanosine monophosphate), GDP (guanosine diphosphate) and GTP (guanosine triphosphate). ; The nucleoside guanosine exert important neuroprotective and neuromodulator roles in the central nervous system, which may be related to inhibition of the glutamatergic neurotransmission activity. Guanosine is the specific extracellular guanine-based purines effector and indicate that its conversion occurs not only in the central nervous system but also peripherally. (PMID: 16325434); Guanosine is a nucleoside comprising guanine attached to a ribose (ribofuranose) ring via a ?-N9-glycosidic bond. Guanosine is found in many foods, some of which are elderberry, malus (crab apple), acerola, and arrowhead. A purine nucleoside in which guanine is attached to ribofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS [Spectral] Guanosine (exact mass = 283.09167) and 3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (exact mass = 197.06881) and Glutathione disulfide (exact mass = 612.15196) and AMP (exact mass = 347.06308) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. [Spectral] Guanosine (exact mass = 283.09167) and Guanine (exact mass = 151.04941) and 3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (exact mass = 197.06881) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.125 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 317 KEIO_ID G015; [MS2] KO008966 Annotation level-2 KEIO_ID G015 Guanosine (DL-Guanosine) is a purine nucleoside comprising guanine attached to a ribose (ribofuranose) ring via a β-N9-glycosidic bond. Guanosine possesses anti-HSV activity. Guanosine (DL-Guanosine) is a purine nucleoside comprising guanine attached to a ribose (ribofuranose) ring via a β-N9-glycosidic bond. Guanosine possesses anti-HSV activity. Guanosine (DL-Guanosine) is a purine nucleoside comprising guanine attached to a ribose (ribofuranose) ring via a β-N9-glycosidic bond. Guanosine possesses anti-HSV activity.

Xanthosine

C10H12N4O6 (284.07568119999996)

Xanthosine, also known as xanthine riboside, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as purine nucleosides. Purine nucleosides are compounds comprising a purine base attached to a ribosyl or deoxyribosyl moiety. Xanthosine is a nucleoside derived from xanthine and ribose. Xanthosine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. In plants xanthosine is the biosynthetic precursor to 7-methylxanthosine which is produced by the action of the enzyme known as 7-methylxanthosine synthase. 7-Methylxanthosine in turn is the precursor to theobromine (the active alkaloid in chocolate), which in turn is the precursor to caffeine, the active alkaloid in coffee and tea. Within humans, xanthosine participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, xanthosine can be biosynthesized from xanthylic acid; which is catalyzed by the enzyme cytosolic purine 5-nucleotidase. In addition, xanthosine can be converted into xanthine and ribose 1-phosphate; which is mediated by the enzyme purine nucleoside phosphorylase. Xanthosine monophosphate (XMP) is an intermediate in purine metabolism, formed from IMP (inosine monophosphate). Biological Source: Production by guanine-free mutants of bacteria e.g. Bacillus subtilis, Aerobacter aerogenesand is also reported from seeds of Trifolium alexandrinum Physical Description: Prismatic cryst. (H2O) (Chemnetbase) The deamination product of guanosine; Xanthosine monophosphate is an intermediate in purine metabolism, formed from IMP, and forming GMP.; Xanthylic acid can be used in quantitative measurements of the Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase enzyme activities in purine metabolism, as recommended to ensure optimal thiopurine therapy for children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). (PMID: 16725387). Xanthosine is found in many foods, some of which are calabash, rambutan, apricot, and pecan nut. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 126 COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Xanthosine is a nucleoside derived from xanthine and ribose. Xanthosine can increase mammary stem cell population and milk production in cattle and goats[1]. Xanthosine is a nucleoside derived from xanthine and ribose. Xanthosine can increase mammary stem cell population and milk production in cattle and goats[1]. Xanthosine is a nucleoside derived from xanthine and ribose. Xanthosine can increase mammary stem cell population and milk production in cattle and goats[1].

1-Methyladenosine

C11H15N5O4 (281.11239900000004)

1-Methyladenosine, also known as M1A, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as purine nucleosides. Purine nucleosides are compounds comprising a purine base attached to a ribosyl or deoxyribosyl moiety. Precise m6A mapping by m6A-CLIP/IP (briefly m6A-CLIP) revealed that a majority of m6A locates in the last exon of mRNAs in multiple tissues/cultured cells of mouse and human, and the m6A enrichment around stop codons is a coincidence that many stop codons locate round the start of last exons where m6A is truly enriched. The methylation of adenosine is directed by a large m6A methyltransferase complex containing METTL3 as the SAM-binding sub-unit. Insulin-like growth factor-2 mRNA-binding proteins 1, 2, and 3 (IGF2BP1-3) are reported as a novel class of m6A readers. 1-Methyladenosine is an RNA modification originating essentially from two different reaction types, one catalyzed by enzymes and the other the result of the reaction of RNA with certain alkylating agents. 1-Methyladenosine is an RNA modification originating essentially from two different reaction types, one catalyzed by enzymes and the other the result of the reaction of RNA with certain alkylating agents.

isopentenyl adenosine

C15H21N5O4 (335.15934660000005)

Riboprine, also known as isopentenyladenosine or ipa, is a member of the class of compounds known as purine nucleosides. Purine nucleosides are compounds comprising a purine base attached to a ribosyl or deoxyribosyl moiety. Riboprine is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Riboprine can be found in a number of food items such as peppermint, chinese mustard, custard apple, and green bean, which makes riboprine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C272 - Antimetabolite D006133 - Growth Substances > D010937 - Plant Growth Regulators > D003583 - Cytokinins Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Same as: D05726 N6-Isopentenyladenosine (Riboprine), an RNA modification found in cytokinins, which regulate plant growth/differentiation, and a subset of tRNAs, where it improves the efficiency and accuracy of translation. N6-Isopentenyladenosine, an end product of the mevalonate pathway, is an autophagy inhibitor with an interesting anti-melanoma activity[1][2][3].

Nebularine

C10H12N4O4 (252.08585119999998)

Nebularine, also known as purine riboside is found in mushrooms. Nebularine can be isolated from the mushroom Clitocybe nebularis (clouded agaric). Nebularine is a nucleoside analog that is used in a variety of enzyme studies. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents KEIO_ID P081; [MS2] KO009216 KEIO_ID P081

trans-zeatin riboside

C15H21N5O5 (351.15426160000004)

Trans-zeatin riboside, also known as (E)-N-(4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-butenyl)adenosine or 9-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-trans-zeatin, is a member of the class of compounds known as purine nucleosides. Purine nucleosides are compounds comprising a purine base attached to a ribosyl or deoxyribosyl moiety. Trans-zeatin riboside is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Trans-zeatin riboside can be found in a number of food items such as winter squash, plains prickly pear, dill, and common buckwheat, which makes trans-zeatin riboside a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. D006133 - Growth Substances > D010937 - Plant Growth Regulators > D003583 - Cytokinins Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. trans-Zeatinriboside is a type of cytokinin precursor, acts as a major long-distance signalling form in xylem vessels, regulates leaf size and meristem activity-related traits. trans-Zeatinriboside is a type of cytokinin precursor, acts as a major long-distance signalling form in xylem vessels, regulates leaf size and meristem activity-related traits. trans-Zeatinriboside is a type of cytokinin precursor, acts as a major long-distance signalling form in xylem vessels, regulates leaf size and meristem activity-related traits.

Imidazoleacetic acid ribotide

C10H15N2O9P (338.05151500000005)

Imidazoleacetic acid ribotide (IAA-RP ) is an endogenous ligand that stimulates imidazol(in)e receptors. Experimental data suggest that IAA-RP may participate in transsynaptic signaling in brain, because it exists in brainstem neurons, exhibits depolarization-induced Ca2+-dependent release from P2 synaptosomal elements, has relatively high affinity for membrane-bound I-R sites, and produces physiological effects on exogenous application. IAA-RP is rapidly metabolized by phosphatases and ecto-5-nucleotidases. (PMID: 15365189) [HMDB] Imidazoleacetic acid ribotide (IAA-RP) is an endogenous ligand that stimulates imidazol(in)e receptors. Experimental data suggest that IAA-RP may participate in transsynaptic signaling in brain, because it exists in brainstem neurons, exhibits depolarization-induced Ca2+-dependent release from P2 synaptosomal elements, has relatively high affinity for membrane-bound I-R sites, and produces physiological effects on exogenous application. IAA-RP is rapidly metabolized by phosphatases and ecto-5-nucleotidases. (PMID: 15365189).

7-Methylxanthosine

C11H15N4O6+ (299.099155)

7-methylxanthosine is a member of the class of compounds known as purine nucleosides. Purine nucleosides are compounds comprising a purine base attached to a ribosyl or deoxyribosyl moiety. 7-methylxanthosine is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 7-methylxanthosine can be found in arabica coffee, which makes 7-methylxanthosine a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.

2-Methylguanosine

C11H15N5O5 (297.10731400000003)

2-Methylguanosine is an endogenous methylated nucleoside found in human fluids; methylated purine bases are present in higher amounts in tumor-bearing patients compared to healthy controls.DNA hypermethylation is a common finding in malignant cells and has been explored as a therapeutic target for hypomethylating agents. When chemical bonds to DNA, the DNA becomes damaged and proper and complete replication cannot occur to make the normal intended cell. A DNA adduct is an abnormal piece of DNA covalently-bonded to a cancer-causing chemical. This has shown to be the start of a cancerous cell, or carcinogenesis. DNA adducts in scientific experiments are used as bio-markers and as such are themselves measured to reflect quantitatively, for comparison, the amount of cancer in the subject. (PMID: 17336316, 17154124, 3506820, 17044778, 17264127) [HMDB] 2-Methylguanosine is an endogenous methylated nucleoside found in human fluids; methylated purine bases are present in higher amounts in tumor-bearing patients compared to healthy controls.DNA hypermethylation is a common finding in malignant cells and has been explored as a therapeutic target for hypomethylating agents. When chemical bonds to DNA, the DNA becomes damaged and proper and complete replication cannot occur to make the normal intended cell. A DNA adduct is an abnormal piece of DNA covalently-bonded to a cancer-causing chemical. This has shown to be the start of a cancerous cell, or carcinogenesis. DNA adducts in scientific experiments are used as bio-markers and as such are themselves measured to reflect quantitatively, for comparison, the amount of cancer in the subject. (PMID: 17336316, 17154124, 3506820, 17044778, 17264127). N2-methylguanosine is a modified nucleoside that occurs at several specific locations in many tRNA's. N2-methylguanosine is a modified nucleoside that occurs at several specific locations in many tRNA's.

2'-O-Methyladenosine

C11H15N5O4 (281.11239900000004)

2-O-Methyladenosine is a methylated adenine residue. 2-O-Methyladenosine is a naturally occurring 2-O-methylpurine nucleoside with long lasting hypotensive properties; resistance of 2-O-methyladenosine against adenosine deaminase is thought to contribute to prolonged activity. 2-O-Methyladenosine occurs in human fluids, and they increase in urines of untreated adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficient patients (OMIM 608958). (PMID: 9539952, 6980397) [HMDB] 2-O-Methyladenosine is a methylated adenine residue. 2-O-Methyladenosine is a naturally occurring 2-O-methylpurine nucleoside with long lasting hypotensive properties; resistance of 2-O-methyladenosine against adenosine deaminase is thought to contribute to prolonged activity. 2-O-Methyladenosine occurs in human fluids, and they increase in urines of untreated adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficient patients (OMIM 608958). (PMID: 9539952, 6980397). 2'-O-Methyladenosine, a methylated adenine residue is found in urine of normals as well as in urine of adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficient patients. 2'-O-Methyladenosine exhibits unique hypotensive activities [1][2]. 2'-O-Methyladenosine, a methylated adenine residue is found in urine of normals as well as in urine of adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficient patients. 2'-O-Methyladenosine exhibits unique hypotensive activities [1][2].

8-Hydroxyguanosine

C10H13N5O6 (299.08657980000004)

8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHG) is a marker for measuring the rate of oxidative damage to nucleic acids and lipids. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage proteins, lipid membranes, and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), all critical functional components of living cells. The progressive accumulation of unrepaired free radical damage over time is believed to be a major contributor to the aging process and to a variety of age-related chronic diseases. Generation of most free radicals is a side effect of normal metabolic processes, especially mitochondrial production of ROS, including superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical, coincident to oxidative metabolism. (PMID 14607529). 8-OHG (marker of oxidative damage to RNA) was found in the cerebral cortex in three of six cases of neuropathologically examined autopsy of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis patients. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is caused by persistent brain infection of mutated measles virus, showing inflammation, neuronal loss, and demyelination. (PMID 12546425). The concentration of 8-OHG in CSF in Parkinsons disease (PD) patients is approximately three-fold that in controls. The concentration of 8-OHG in CSF decreased significantly with the duration of disease. However, the concentration of 8-OHG in serum was not significantly altered in PD patients compared to that in controls. (PMID 12499051). 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHG) is a marker for measuring the rate of oxidative damage to nucleic acids and lipids. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage proteins, lipid membranes, and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), all critical functional components of living cells. The progressive accumulation of unrepaired free radical damage over time is believed to be a major contributor to the aging process and to a variety of age-related chronic diseases. Generation of most free radicals is a side effect of normal metabolic processes, especially mitochondrial production of ROS, including superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical, coincident to oxidative metabolism. (PMID 14607529) D007155 - Immunologic Factors 8-Hydroxyguanosine, an oxidized nucleoside, is a marker of RNA oxidative damage and oxidative stress. 8-Hydroxyguanosine stimulates proliferation and differentiation of B cells[1][2][3]. 8-Hydroxyguanosine, an oxidized nucleoside, is a marker of RNA oxidative damage and oxidative stress. 8-Hydroxyguanosine stimulates proliferation and differentiation of B cells[1][2][3].

N6-Methyladenosine

C11H15N5O4 (281.11239900000004)

N6-Methyladenosine is a methylated adenine residue. N6-Methyladenosine is an endogenous urinary nucleoside product of the degradation of transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA); urinary nucleosides are biological markers for patients with colorectal cancer. tRNA has been shown to be excreted in abnormal amounts in the urine of cancer patients. tRNA from neoplastic tissue had a much more rapid turnover rate than the tRNA from the corresponding normal tissue. Evidence indicates that methylation of tRNA occurs only after synthesis of the intact macromolecule. Because there are no specific enzyme systems to incorporate the modified nucleosides into the macromolecular nucleic acid, these nucleosides once released in the process of tRNA turnover cannot be reutilized, nor are they further degraded, but are excreted in urine. (PMID: 15991285, 3506820) [HMDB] N6-Methyladenosine is a methylated adenine residue. N6-Methyladenosine is an endogenous urinary nucleoside product of the degradation of transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA); urinary nucleosides are biological markers for patients with colorectal cancer. tRNA has been shown to be excreted in abnormal amounts in the urine of cancer patients. tRNA from neoplastic tissue had a much more rapid turnover rate than the tRNA from the corresponding normal tissue. Evidence indicates that methylation of tRNA occurs only after synthesis of the intact macromolecule. Because there are no specific enzyme systems to incorporate the modified nucleosides into the macromolecular nucleic acid, these nucleosides once released in the process of tRNA turnover cannot be reutilized, nor are they further degraded, but are excreted in urine. (PMID: 15991285, 3506820). N6-Methyladenosine is the most prevalent internal (non-cap) modification present in the messenger RNA (mRNA) of all higher eukaryotes. N6-Methyladenosine can modifies viral RNAs and has antiviral activities. N6-Methyladenosine is the most prevalent internal (non-cap) modification present in the messenger RNA (mRNA) of all higher eukaryotes. N6-Methyladenosine can modifies viral RNAs and has antiviral activities.

1-Methylguanosine

C11H15N5O5 (297.10731400000003)

1-Methylguanosine is a methylated nucleoside. It is known that some modified, especially methylated, nucleosides originating from RNA degradation are excreted in abnormal levels in the urine of patients with malignant tumours. These nucleosides have been proposed as tumour markers. Their measurement could provide a non-invasive diagnostic method, help identify different cancers, and monitor any therapeutic effects (PMID:9129323). 1-Methylguanosine is a methylated nucleoside. It is known that some modified, especially methylated, nucleosides originating from RNA degradation are excreted in abnormal levels in the urine of patients with malignant tumours and they have been proposed as tumour markers. Their 1-Methylguanosine is a methylated nucleoside originating from RNA degradation. 1-Methylguanosine is a tumour marker[1]. 1-Methylguanosine is a methylated nucleoside originating from RNA degradation. 1-Methylguanosine is a tumour marker[1].

3'-O-Methylguanosine

C11H15N5O5 (297.10731400000003)

3-O-Methylguanosine is an endogenous methylated nucleoside found in human fluids. Methylated purine bases are present in higher amounts in tumor-bearing patients compared to healthy controls. DNA hypermethylation is a common finding in malignant cells and has been explored as a therapeutic target for hypomethylating agents. When chemical bonds to DNA, it becomes damaged and proper and complete replication cannot occur to make the normal intended cell. A DNA adduct is an abnormal piece of DNA covalently-bonded to a cancer-causing chemical. This has shown to be the start of a cancerous cell, or carcinogenesis. DNA adducts in scientific experiments are used as bio-markers and as such are themselves measured to reflect quantitatively, for comparison, the amount of cancer in the subject. (PMID: 3506820, 17044778, 17264127, 16799933) [HMDB] 3-O-Methylguanosine is an endogenous methylated nucleoside found in human fluids. Methylated purine bases are present in higher amounts in tumor-bearing patients compared to healthy controls. DNA hypermethylation is a common finding in malignant cells and has been explored as a therapeutic target for hypomethylating agents. When chemical bonds to DNA, it becomes damaged and proper and complete replication cannot occur to make the normal intended cell. A DNA adduct is an abnormal piece of DNA covalently-bonded to a cancer-causing chemical. This has shown to be the start of a cancerous cell, or carcinogenesis. DNA adducts in scientific experiments are used as bio-markers and as such are themselves measured to reflect quantitatively, for comparison, the amount of cancer in the subject. (PMID: 3506820, 17044778, 17264127, 16799933). 3'-O-Methylguanosine is a methylated nucleoside analogs and a RNA chain terminator. 3'-O-methylguanosine can inhibit early virus-specific RNA synthesis[1].

7-Methylguanosine

C11H16N5O5+ (298.1151386)

7-methylguanosine is an endogenous methylated nucleoside found in human fluids; methylated purine bases are present in higher amounts in tumor-bearing patients compared to healthy controls.DNA hypermethylation is a common finding in malignant cells and has been explored as a therapeutic target for hypomethylating agents. When chemical bonds to DNA, the DNA becomes damaged and proper and complete replication cannot occur to make the normal intended cell. A DNA adduct is an abnormal piece of DNA covalently-bonded to a cancer-causing chemical. This has shown to be the start of a cancerous cell, or carcinogenesis. DNA adducts in scientific experiments are used as bio-markers and as such are themselves measured to reflect quantitatively, for comparison, the amount of cancer in the subject. 7-Methylguanosine is a substrate for purine-nucleoside phosphorylase and Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E. (PMID: 3506820, 17044778, 17264127, 16799933) [HMDB] 7-methylguanosine is an endogenous methylated nucleoside found in human fluids; methylated purine bases are present in higher amounts in tumor-bearing patients compared to healthy controls.DNA hypermethylation is a common finding in malignant cells and has been explored as a therapeutic target for hypomethylating agents. When chemical bonds to DNA, the DNA becomes damaged and proper and complete replication cannot occur to make the normal intended cell. A DNA adduct is an abnormal piece of DNA covalently-bonded to a cancer-causing chemical. This has shown to be the start of a cancerous cell, or carcinogenesis. DNA adducts in scientific experiments are used as bio-markers and as such are themselves measured to reflect quantitatively, for comparison, the amount of cancer in the subject. 7-Methylguanosine is a substrate for purine-nucleoside phosphorylase and Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E. (PMID:3506820, 17044778, 17264127, 16799933).

N2,N2-Dimethylguanosine

C12H17N5O5 (311.1229632)

N2,N2-Dimethylguanosine is an urinary nucleoside, a primary degradation product of tRNA. The mean levels of urinary N2,N2-Dimethylguanosine in the patients with colorectal cancer are significantly higher than those in patients with intestinal villous adenoma or the healthy adults (PMID 15991285). N2,N2-Dimethylguanosine has been identified in the human placenta (PMID: 32033212). N2,N2-Dimethylguanosine is an urinary nucleoside, a primary degradation product of tRNA. N2,N2-Dimethylguanosine is an urinary nucleoside, a primary degradation product of tRNA. N2,N2-Dimethylguanosine is an urinary nucleoside, a primary degradation product of tRNA.

9-(beta-D-Ribofuranosyl)zeatin

C15H21N5O5 (351.15426160000004)

9-(beta-D-Ribofuranosyl)-(Z)-Zeatin is found in alfalfa. Zeatin is a plant hormone derived from the purine adenine. It is a member of the plant growth hormone family known as cytokinins. Zeatin was first discovered in immature corn kernels from the genus Zea. Zeatin and derivatives were discovered to be the primary active ingredient in coconut milk, which has long been known to actively induce plant growth. As in the case of kinetin, zeatin has also been reported to have several in vitro anti-aging effects on human skin fibroblasts.(Wikipedia). Isolated from many plants. (E)-Ribosylzeatin is found in many foods, some of which are cauliflower, chicory, chayote, and wild carrot. trans-Zeatinriboside is a type of cytokinin precursor, acts as a major long-distance signalling form in xylem vessels, regulates leaf size and meristem activity-related traits. trans-Zeatinriboside is a type of cytokinin precursor, acts as a major long-distance signalling form in xylem vessels, regulates leaf size and meristem activity-related traits. trans-Zeatinriboside is a type of cytokinin precursor, acts as a major long-distance signalling form in xylem vessels, regulates leaf size and meristem activity-related traits.

N6-succinyladenosine

C14H17N5O8 (383.1077082)

Succinyladenosine (SAdo) is one of the dephosphorylated enzyme substrate that accumulates in body fluids of patients with adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) deficiency, the other being 5-amino-4-imidazole-N-succinocarboxamide riboside (SAICAr). ADSL is an inherited metabolic disease characterized by various degrees of psychomotor retardation (PMID 15902552). The severity of the clinical presentation correlates with a low S-Ado/SAICAr ratio in body fluids (PMID: 15571235). Normally Succinyladenosine is not found in blood or CSF but may be detected in trace amounts in urine (OMIM 103050). Succinyladenosine is also found to be associated with fumarase deficiency, another inborn error of metabolism. Succinyladenosine (SAdo) is one of the dephosphorylated enzyme substrate that accumulates in body fluids of patients with adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) deficiency, the other being 5-amino-4-imidazole-N-succinocarboxamide riboside (SAICAr). ADSL is an inherited metabolic disease characterized by various degrees of psychomotor retardation. (PMID 15902552)

N-[(5-Hydroxy-2-pyridinyl)methyl]adenosine

C16H18N6O5 (374.13386180000003)

N-[(5-Hydroxy-2-pyridinyl)methyl]adenosine is found in mushrooms. N-[(5-Hydroxy-2-pyridinyl)methyl]adenosine is isolated from Armillaria mellea (honey mushroom). Isolated from Armillaria mellea (honey mushroom). N-[(5-Hydroxy-2-pyridinyl)methyl]adenosine is found in mushrooms.

Nelarabine

C11H15N5O5 (297.10731400000003)

Nelarabine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a chemotherapy drug used in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Nelarabine is a purine nucleoside analog converted to its corresponding arabinosylguanine nucleotide triphosphate (araGTP), resulting in inhibition of DNA synthesis and cytotoxicity.Once nelarabine is metabolized into ara-GTP, the metabolite accumulates in leukemic blasts and incorporates into DNA to exert its S phase-specific cytotoxic effects, leading to the induction of fragmentation and apoptosis. Ara-GTP competes with endogenous deoxyGTP (dGTP) for incorporation into DNA. Once ara-GTP is incorporated at the 3 end of DNA, further DNA elongation is inhibited, which signals apoptosis and leads to cellular destruction. Additional cytotoxic activities may exist, but these are not fully understood. L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents > L01B - Antimetabolites > L01BB - Purine analogues C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C272 - Antimetabolite Nelarabine (506U78) is a nucleoside analogue and can be used for the research of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL)[1].

2-Phenylaminoadenosine

C16H18N6O4 (358.13894680000004)

Selective A2 adenosine receptor agonist; potent coronary vasodilator; weak inhibitor of adenosine uptake by rat cerebral cortical synaptosomes; used as a vasodilator agent; is a potent anti-inflammatory agent, acting at its four G protein coupled receptors. Topical treatment of adenosine to foot wounds in diabetes mellitus has been shown in lab animals to drastically increase tissue repair and reconstruction. Topical administration of adenosine for use in wound healing deficiencies and diabetes mellitus in humans is currently under clinical investigation. Adenosine is a nucleoside comprised of adenine attached to a ribose (ribofuranose) moiety via a beta-N9-glycosidic bond. Selective A2 adenosine receptor agonist; potent coronary vasodilator; weak inhibitor of adenosine uptake by rat cerebral cortical synaptosomes; used as a vasodilator agent; is a potent anti-inflammatory agent, acting at its four G protein coupled receptors. Topical treatment of adenosine to foot wounds in diabetes mellitus has been shown in lab animals to drastically increase tissue repair and reconstruction. Topical administration of adenosine for use in wound healing deficiencies and diabetes mellitus in humans is currently under clinical investigation. D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents CV1808?(2-Phenylaminoadenosine) is a non-selective A2?adenosine receptor (A2 AR) agonist with Kis of 76 and 1450 nM for A2A and A3 adenosine receptor subtypes, respectively[1]. CV1808?(2-Phenylaminoadenosine) is a non-selective A2?adenosine receptor (A2 AR) agonist with Kis of 76 and 1450 nM for A2A and A3 adenosine receptor subtypes, respectively[1].

1,7-Dimethylguanosine

C12H17N5O5 (311.1229632)

1,7-dimethylguanosine is a modified ribonucleoside. 1,7-dimethylguanosine is formed in tRNA enzymatic methylation. 1,7-Dimethylguanosine was found to be formed in high amounts in the tRNA methylation reaction at high concentrations of methylating agents.1,7-dimethylguanosine has a possible connection to chemical cancerogenesis and to the aberrant increase of tRNA methylases activity in tumor tissues. The amount of 1,7-dimethylguanosine produced by the kidney is higher than that produced by the liver. The immediate precursor in the formation of 1,7-dimethylguanosine in tRNA appears to be 1-methylguanosine. An accumulation of modified ribonucleosides appears in the serum of uremic patients. (PMID: 7046770, 6164398, 7259877, 7159514, 9607216) [HMDB] 1,7-dimethylguanosine is a modified ribonucleoside. 1,7-dimethylguanosine is formed in tRNA enzymatic methylation. 1,7-Dimethylguanosine was found to be formed in high amounts in the tRNA methylation reaction at high concentrations of methylating agents.1,7-dimethylguanosine has a possible connection to chemical cancerogenesis and to the aberrant increase of tRNA methylases activity in tumor tissues. The amount of 1,7-dimethylguanosine produced by the kidney is higher than that produced by the liver. The immediate precursor in the formation of 1,7-dimethylguanosine in tRNA appears to be 1-methylguanosine. An accumulation of modified ribonucleosides appears in the serum of uremic patients. (PMID: 7046770, 6164398, 7259877, 7159514, 9607216).

N1-methylinosine

C11H14N4O5 (282.0964154)

1-methylinosine is inosine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1 on the hypoxanthine ring. It has a role as a metabolite. It derives from an inosine. It is a modified nucleotide found at position 37 in tRNA 3 to the anticodon of eukaryotic tRNA. Shown that sequences are forced to adopt a hairpin conformation if one of the central 6 nt is replaced by the corresponding methylated nucleotide, such as 1-methylguanosine. In Vivo synthesis: Inosine-37 in tRNA is synthesised by a hydrolytic deamination-type reaction, catalysed by distinct tRNA:adenosine deaminases. Modified nucleotide found at position 37 in tRNA 3 to the anticodon of eukaryotic tRNA. Shown that sequences are forced to adopt a hairpin conformation if one of the central 6 nt is replaced by the corresponding methylated nucleotide, such as 1-methylguanosine. 1-Methylinosine is a modified nucleotide found at position 37 in tRNA 3' to the anticodon of eukaryotic tRNA[1]. 1-Methylinosine is a modified nucleotide found at position 37 in tRNA 3' to the anticodon of eukaryotic tRNA[1].

Arabinosylhypoxanthine

C10H12N4O5 (268.08076619999997)

Arabinosylhypoxanthine is found to have a potent antiviral activity for herpes simplex infected cells. The final metabolite in the conversion of Arabinosyladenine-5-monophosphate to arabinosyladenine then to Arabinosylhypoxanthine. Found to have a potent antiviral activity for herpes simplex infected cells. The final metabolite in the conversion of Arabinosyladenine-5-monophosphate to arabinosyladenine then to Arabinosylhypoxanthine. [HMDB] Arabinosylhypoxanthine is a purine nucleoside analog. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc[1].

3'-O-Methyladenosine

C11H15N5O4 (281.11239900000004)

3-O-Methyladenosine is a methylated adenine residue. [HMDB] 3-O-Methyladenosine is a methylated adenine residue. (2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methoxytetrahydrofuran-3-ol (Adenosine, 3'-O-methyl- (8CI)(9CI)) is an adenosine analogue. Adenosine analogs mostly act as smooth muscle vasodilators and have also been shown to inhibit cancer progression. The popular products in this series are adenosine phosphate, Acadesine (HY-13417), Clofarabine (HY-A0005), Fludarabine phosphate (HY-B0028) and Vidarabine (HY-B0277)[1].

Vidarabine

C10H13N5O4 (267.09674980000005)

A nucleoside antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces antibioticus. It has some antineoplastic properties and has broad spectrum activity against DNA viruses in cell cultures and significant antiviral activity against infections caused by a variety of viruses such as the herpes viruses, the vaccinia VIRUS and varicella zoster virus. [PubChem] J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J05 - Antivirals for systemic use > J05A - Direct acting antivirals > J05AB - Nucleosides and nucleotides excl. reverse transcriptase inhibitors S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01A - Antiinfectives > S01AD - Antivirals D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C29575 - DNA Polymerase Inhibitor C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C281 - Antiviral Agent D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites Vidarabine (Ara-A) an antiviral agent which is active against herpes simplex and varicella zoster viruses[1][2]. Vidarabine has IC50s of 9.3 μg/ml for HSV-1 and 11.3 μg/ml for HSV-2[2]. Vidarabine also has anti-orthopoxvirus activity[3]. Vidarabine (Ara-A) an antiviral agent which is active against herpes simplex and varicella zoster viruses[1][2]. Vidarabine has IC50s of 9.3 μg/ml for HSV-1 and 11.3 μg/ml for HSV-2[2]. Vidarabine also has anti-orthopoxvirus activity[3]. Vidarabine (Ara-A) an antiviral agent which is active against herpes simplex and varicella zoster viruses[1][2]. Vidarabine has IC50s of 9.3 μg/ml for HSV-1 and 11.3 μg/ml for HSV-2[2]. Vidarabine also has anti-orthopoxvirus activity[3].

Gazer

C43H67N5O28 (1101.3972382)

Gazer is found in nuts. Gazer is a constituent of coconut milk (Cocos nucifera)

N6-carbamoylthreonyladenosine

C15H21N7O7 (411.1502396)

N6-Carbamoyl-L-threonyladenosine is a member of the class of compounds known as purine nucleosides. Purine nucleosides are compounds composed of a purine base attached to a ribosyl or deoxyribosyl moiety. N6-Carbamoyl-L-threonyladenosine is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Within the cell, N6-carbamoyl-L-threonyladenosine is primarily located in the cytoplasm. It can also be found in the extracellular space. N6-Carbamoyl-L-threonyladenosine is a minor constituent found in human and bovine milk (PMID: 7702711). Minor constituant found in human, bovine, and goat milk

6-Thioinosinic acid

C10H12N4O4S (284.0579232)

6-Thioinosinic acid is a metabolite of azathioprine. Azathioprine is a purine analogue immunosuppressive drug. It is used to prevent rejection following organ transplantation, and to treat a vast array of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, pemphigus, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, autoimmune hepatitis, atopic dermatitis, myasthenia gravis, neuromyelitis optica or Devics disease, restrictive lung disease, and others. (Wikipedia) C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C272 - Antimetabolite D007155 - Immunologic Factors > D007166 - Immunosuppressive Agents C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents 6-?Thioinosine (6TI) is a purine antimetabolite, acts as an anti-adipogenesis agent, downregulates mRNA levels of PPAR γ and C/EBPα, as well as PPAR γ target protein such as LPL, CD36, aP2, and LXRα[1][2].

6-Thioxanthylic acid

C10H13N4O8PS (380.01917080000004)

6-Thioxanthylic acid is a metabolite of azathioprine. Azathioprine is a purine analogue immunosuppressive drug. It is used to prevent rejection following organ transplantation, and to treat a vast array of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, pemphigus, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, autoimmune hepatitis, atopic dermatitis, myasthenia gravis, neuromyelitis optica or Devics disease, restrictive lung disease, and others. (Wikipedia)

6beta-Hydroxy-hydromorphone

C17H21NO3 (287.1521356)

6beta-Hydroxy-hydromorphone is a metabolite of hydromorphone. Hydromorphone, a more common synonym for dihydromorphinone, commonly a hydrochloride (brand names Palladone, Dilaudid, and numerous others) is a very potent centrally acting analgesic drug of the opioid class. It is a derivative of morphine, to be specific, a hydrogenated ketone thereof and, therefore, a semi-synthetic drug. It is, in medical terms, an opioid analgesic and, in legal terms, a narcotic. (Wikipedia)

arabinofuranosylguanine

C10H14N5O5 (284.09948940000004)

arabinofuranosylguanine is a metabolite of nelarabine. Nelarabine is a chemotherapy drug used in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. It was previously known as 506U78. Nelarabine is a purine nucleoside analog converted to its corresponding arabinosylguanine nucleotide triphosphate (araGTP), resulting in inhibition of DNA synthesis and cytotoxicity. Pre-clinical studies suggest that T-cells are particularly sensitive to nelarabine. (Wikipedia)

(2S,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-Aminopurin-9-yl)-N-cyclopropyl-3,4-dihydroxyoxolane-2-carboxamide

C13H16N6O4 (320.1232976)

Griseolic acid

C14H13N5O8 (379.0764098)

N6-Cyclopentyladenosine

C15H21N5O4 (335.15934660000005)

(2R,3S,5R)-2-[6-[[(1S,2S)-2-Hydroxycyclopentyl]amino]-9-purinyl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol

C15H21N5O5 (351.15426160000004)

AB-MECA

C18H21N7O4 (399.16549460000005)

6-Methylthioinosine

C11H14N4O4S (298.07357240000005)

(3R,4S)-2-[6-(Cyclohexylamino)purin-9-yl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol

C16H23N5O4 (349.17499580000003)

(R)-N-(1-Methyl-2-phenylethyl)adenosine

C19H23N5O4 (385.17499580000003)

D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018696 - Neuroprotective Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents D020011 - Protective Agents

1-Methyladenosin

C11H15N5O4 (281.11239900000004)

1-Methyladenosine is an RNA modification originating essentially from two different reaction types, one catalyzed by enzymes and the other the result of the reaction of RNA with certain alkylating agents. 1-Methyladenosine is an RNA modification originating essentially from two different reaction types, one catalyzed by enzymes and the other the result of the reaction of RNA with certain alkylating agents.

2-Chloro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine

C15H20ClN5O4 (369.120375)

2-Chloroadenosine

C10H12ClN5O4 (301.05777820000003)

2-Cl-IB-Meca

C18H18ClIN6O4 (544.0122768)

2-Fluoroadenosine

C10H12FN5O4 (285.08732840000005)

2-Hexynyl-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine

C18H24N6O4 (388.1858944)

2-Methylthioadenosine

C11H15N5O4S (313.08447100000006)

3-Phosphoadenosine

C10H14N5O7P (347.06308240000004)

2'-C-Methylguanosine

C11H15N5O5 (297.10731400000003)

9-beta-d-Arabinofuranosylguanine

C10H13N5O5 (283.09166480000005)

5'-N-Methylcarboxamidoadenosine

C11H14N6O4 (294.1076484)

6-Thioguanosine

C10H13N5O4S (299.0688218000001)

Ara-HX

C10H12N4O5 (268.08076619999997)

8-Aminoguanosine

C10H14N6O5 (298.1025634)

8-Chloroadenosine

C10H12ClN5O4 (301.05777820000003)

8-Chloroinosine

C10H11ClN4O5 (302.0417946)

8-Nitroguanosine

C10H12N6O7 (328.0767442)

8-Oxoguanosine

C10H13N5O6 (299.08657980000004)

9-Arabinofuranosyladenine

C10H13N5O4 (267.09674980000005)

N-[(1R)-2,3-Dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl]-adenosine

C19H21N5O4 (383.15934660000005)

N-(8-Amino-1-carboxyoctyl)-alanyl-proline

C17H31N3O5 (357.2263596)

Adenosine 5'-phosphorothioate

C10H14N5O6PS (363.0402394000001)

5'-Sulfamoyl-2-chloroadenosine

C10H13ClN6O6S (380.03057880000006)

Apadenoson

C23H30N6O6 (486.222672)

n6-[2-(4-Aminophenyl)ethyl]adenosine

C18H22N6O4 (386.1702452)

2-(4-(2-Carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine

C23H29N7O6 (499.2179214)

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D058905 - Purinergic Agents > D058913 - Purinergic Agonists D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents

N-(4-Sulfophenyl)adenosine

C16H17N5O7S (423.0848652)

Cyclohexyladenosine

C16H23N5O4 (349.17499580000003)

Dibutyryl adenosine

C18H25N5O6 (407.180475)

Ethenoadenosine

C12H13N5O4 (291.09674980000005)

Exotoxin

C22H32N5O19P (701.1429052)

IB-Meca

C18H19IN6O4 (510.0512484)

inosine pyruvate

C13H14N4O7 (338.0862454)

Isopropylphenyladenosine

C19H23N5O4 (385.17499580000003)

Loxoribine

C13H17N5O6 (339.1178782)

N(6)-Monobutyryladenosine

C14H19N5O5 (337.1386124)

N(6),O(2)-Dimethyladenosine

C12H17N5O4 (295.1280482)

n6-phenylisopropyladenosine

C19H23N5O4 (385.17499580000003)

n6,2'-o-dibutyryladenosine

C18H25N5O6 (407.180475)

(2R,5R)-2-[6-(Cyclopentylamino)-8-(methylamino)purin-9-yl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol

C16H24N6O4 (364.1858944)

2-(2-Cyclopropylhydrazinyl)-9-[(2R,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-1H-purin-6-one

C13H18N6O5 (338.13386180000003)

4-Nitrobenzylthioinosine

C17H17N5O6S (419.08995020000003)

5'-N-Ethylcarboxamidoadenosine

C12H16N6O4 (308.1232976)

Nitrobenzyl-6-thioinosine

C17H17N5O6S (419.08995020000003)

6-Thioinosine

C10H12N4O4S (284.0579232)

Regadenoson

C15H18N8O5 (390.14000980000003)

Riboprine

C15H21N5O4 (335.15934660000005)

3-[4-[2-[[6-Amino-9-[(2R,3R,4S,5S)-5-[[ethyl(formyl)amino]-hydroxymethyl]-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]purin-2-yl]amino]ethyl]phenyl]propanoic acid

C24H31N7O7 (529.2284856)

N-[[(2S,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-Aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]-hydroxymethyl]-N-ethylformamide

C13H18N6O5 (338.13386180000003)

6-[(2S,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-Aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]oxane-2,5-dione

C14H15N5O6 (349.102229)

N-[[(2S,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-[6-[(3-iodophenyl)methylamino]purin-9-yl]oxolan-2-yl]-hydroxymethyl]-N-methylformamide

C19H21IN6O5 (540.0618125999999)

Adenosine, 8-(butylamino)-N-cyclopentyl-

C19H30N6O4 (406.232842)

o2',o3',o5'-Tri-acetyl-n6-(3-hydroxyphenyl)adenosine

C22H23N5O8 (485.1546558)

[(2R,5R)-5-(6-Aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] 2-benzoylbenzoate

C24H21N5O6 (475.14917660000003)

6-(2,2-Diphenylethylamino)-9-[(2r,3r,4s,5s)-5-(Ethylcarbamoyl)-3,4-Dihydroxy-Oxolan-2-Yl]-N-[2-[(1-Pyridin-2-Ylpiperidin-4-Yl)carbamoylamino]ethyl]purine-2-Carboxamide

C40H47N11O6 (777.3710602000001)

2-Methylthio-N6-(delta2-isopentenyl)adenosine

C16H23N5O4S (381.14706780000006)

2-methylthio-n6-(delta2-isopentenyl)adenosine, also known as n(6)-(delta(2)-isopentenyl)-2-methylthioadenosine or 2-mtia, is a member of the class of compounds known as purine nucleosides. Purine nucleosides are compounds comprising a purine base attached to a ribosyl or deoxyribosyl moiety. 2-methylthio-n6-(delta2-isopentenyl)adenosine is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 2-methylthio-n6-(delta2-isopentenyl)adenosine can be found in cauliflower, which makes 2-methylthio-n6-(delta2-isopentenyl)adenosine a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. D006133 - Growth Substances > D010937 - Plant Growth Regulators > D003583 - Cytokinins

N-6-Isopent-2-enyl-adenosine

C15H21N5O4 (335.15934660000005)

N-6-isopent-2-enyl-adenosine is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). N-6-isopent-2-enyl-adenosine can be found in wild celery, which makes N-6-isopent-2-enyl-adenosine a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.

cis-zeatin riboside

C15H21N5O5 (351.15426160000004)

Cis-zeatin riboside is a member of the class of compounds known as purine nucleosides. Purine nucleosides are compounds comprising a purine base attached to a ribosyl or deoxyribosyl moiety. Cis-zeatin riboside is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Cis-zeatin riboside can be found in a number of food items such as american pokeweed, sesbania flower, moth bean, and common chokecherry, which makes cis-zeatin riboside a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

cornusiin E

C82H58O52 (1874.1894068)

Cornusiin e is a member of the class of compounds known as hydrolyzable tannins. Hydrolyzable tannins are tannins with a structure characterized by either of the following models. In model 1, the structure contains galloyl units (in some cases, shikimic acid units) are linked to diverse polyol carbohydrate-, catechin-, or triterpenoid units. In model 2, contains at least two galloyl units C-C coupled to each other, and do not contain a glycosidically linked catechin unit. Cornusiin e is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Cornusiin e can be found in a number of food items such as ceylon cinnamon, chives, black crowberry, and kumquat, which makes cornusiin e a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.