Indolo[2,1-b]quinazoline-6,12-dione (BioDeep_00000008292)

Main id: BioDeep_00000396789

 

human metabolite PANOMIX_OTCML-2023 blood metabolite Antitumor activity


代谢物信息卡片


6,12-dihydro-6,12-dioxoindole(2,1-b)quinazoline

化学式: C15H8N2O2 (248.0585748)
中文名称: 吲哚并[21-b]喹唑啉-612-二酮
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 () 0%

分子结构信息

SMILES: C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=O)N3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=O)C3=N2
InChI: InChI=1S/C15H8N2O2/c18-13-10-6-2-4-8-12(10)17-14(13)16-11-7-3-1-5-9(11)15(17)19/h1-8H

描述信息

Tryptanthrin is an indole quinazoline that could be an alkaloid from indigo-bearing plants. Tryptanthrin is a potent and orally active cellular Leukotriene (LT) biosynthesis inhibitor. Tryptanthrin has anticancer activity. Tryptanthrin suppresses the expression levels of NOS1, COX-2, and NF-κB and regulates the expression levels of IL-2, IL-10, and TNF-α[1][2].
Tryptanthrin is an indole quinazoline that could be an alkaloid from indigo-bearing plants. Tryptanthrin is a potent and orally active cellular Leukotriene (LT) biosynthesis inhibitor. Tryptanthrin has anticancer activity. Tryptanthrin suppresses the expression levels of NOS1, COX-2, and NF-κB and regulates the expression levels of IL-2, IL-10, and TNF-α[1][2].

同义名列表

5 个代谢物同义名

6,12-dihydro-6,12-dioxoindole(2,1-b)quinazoline; 6H,12H-indolo[2,1-b]quinazoline-6,12-dione; Indolo[2,1-b]quinazoline-6,12-dione; tryptanthrine; Tryptanthrin



数据库引用编号

13 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

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代谢反应

0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

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Plant Reactome(0)

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10 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。



文献列表

  • Zilin Wu, Chun Zhang, Yuanqin Huang, Na Tao, Tao Wang, Xiaobo Cai, Zhenchao Wang, Xiangyang Li. Tryptanthrin Derivative B1 Binds Viral Genome-Linked Protein (VPg) of Potato Virus Y. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2024 Mar; 72(11):5699-5709. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01306. [PMID: 38462724]
  • Guang-Long Zhang, Zhen-Chao Wang, Cheng-Peng Li, Dan-Ping Chen, Zhu-Rui Li, Yan Li, Gui-Ping Ouyang. Discovery of tryptanthrin analogues bearing F and piperazine moieties as novel phytopathogenic antibacterial and antiviral agents. Pest management science. 2023 Oct; ?(?):. doi: 10.1002/ps.7834. [PMID: 37842924]
  • Guanglong Zhang, Chengpeng Li, Yan Li, Danping Chen, Zhuirui Li, Zhenchao Wang, Guiping Ouyang. Design, Synthesis, and Mechanism of Novel 9-Aliphatic Amine Tryptanthrin Derivatives against Phytopathogenic Bacteria. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2023 Oct; 71(39):14232-14242. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03738. [PMID: 37749804]
  • Xuesha Long, Guanglong Zhang, Haitao Long, Qin Wang, Congyu Wang, Mei Zhu, Wenhang Wang, Chengpeng Li, Zhenchao Wang, Guiping Ouyang. Discovery and Mechanism of Novel 7-Aliphatic Amine Tryptanthrin Derivatives against Phytopathogenic Bacteria. International journal of molecular sciences. 2023 Jun; 24(13):. doi: 10.3390/ijms241310900. [PMID: 37446077]
  • Yuxia Xiong, Jinshu Wang, Shilei Wang, Haixia Li, Xun Zhou. Tryptanthrin ameliorates imiquimod-induced psoriasis in mice by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress via NF-κB/MAPK/Nrf2 pathways. Journal of natural medicines. 2023 Jan; 77(1):188-201. doi: 10.1007/s11418-022-01664-9. [PMID: 36378401]
  • Xiaobin Wang, Jianqi Chai, Yifei Gu, Di Zhang, Fei Meng, Xinxin Si, Chunlong Yang, Wei Xue. Expedient Discovery for Novel Antifungal Leads Inhibiting Fusarium graminearum: 3-(Phenylamino)quinazolin-4(3H)-ones Deriving from Systematic Optimizations on a Tryptanthrin Structure. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2022 Oct; 70(41):13165-13175. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04933. [PMID: 36194787]
  • Qingfang Zeng, Cairong Luo, Junlae Cho, Donna Lai, Xiangchun Shen, Xiaoyan Zhang, Wei Zhou. Tryptanthrin exerts anti-breast cancer effects both in vitro and in vivo through modulating the inflammatory tumor microenvironment. Acta pharmaceutica (Zagreb, Croatia). 2021 Jun; 71(2):245-266. doi: 10.2478/acph-2021-0020. [PMID: 33151167]
  • Xiujin Shi, Yi Zhang, Jialun Han, Wenxing Peng, Zhenwei Fang, Ying Qin, Xiaoyu Xu, Jie Lin, Fucheng Xiao, Limin Zhao, Yang Lin. Tryptanthrin Regulates Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Switching in Atherosclerosis by AMP-Activated Protein Kinase/Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Signaling Pathway. Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology. 2021 05; 77(5):642-649. doi: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001008. [PMID: 33951699]
  • Hui-Man Cheng, Yi-Zih Kuo, Che-Ying Chang, Chun-Han Chang, Wei-Yu Fang, Chen-Ni Chang, Shin-Chen Pan, Jin-Yuarn Lin, Li-Wha Wu. The anti-TH17 polarization effect of Indigo naturalis and tryptanthrin by differentially inhibiting cytokine expression. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2020 Jun; 255(?):112760. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112760. [PMID: 32173427]
  • Yanan Hao, Jincheng Guo, Ziwen Wang, Yuxiu Liu, Yongqiang Li, Dejun Ma, Qingmin Wang. Discovery of Tryptanthrins as Novel Antiviral and Anti-Phytopathogenic-Fungus Agents. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2020 May; 68(20):5586-5595. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02101. [PMID: 32357298]
  • Yu-Chi Tsai, Chia-Lin Lee, Hung-Rong Yen, Young-Sheng Chang, Yu-Ping Lin, Su-Hua Huang, Cheng-Wen Lin. Antiviral Action of Tryptanthrin Isolated from Strobilanthes cusia Leaf against Human Coronavirus NL63. Biomolecules. 2020 02; 10(3):. doi: 10.3390/biom10030366. [PMID: 32120929]
  • Jana Hesse-Macabata, Bianka Morgner, Peter Elsner, Uta-Christina Hipler, Cornelia Wiegand. Tryptanthrin promotes keratinocyte and fibroblast responses in vitro after infection with Trichophyton benhamiae DSM6916. Scientific reports. 2020 02; 10(1):1863. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-58773-2. [PMID: 32024909]
  • Mohan Shankar G, Vijai V Alex, Amrutha Nisthul A, Smitha V Bava, Sankar Sundaram, Archana P Retnakumari, Sadasivan Chittalakkottu, Ruby John Anto. Pre-clinical evidences for the efficacy of tryptanthrin as a potent suppressor of skin cancer. Cell proliferation. 2020 Jan; 53(1):e12710. doi: 10.1111/cpr.12710. [PMID: 31663659]
  • Hsin-Ning Chang, Yuan-Chieh Yeh, Ho-Yen Chueh, Jong-Hwei S Pang. The anti-angiogenic effect of tryptanthrin is mediated by the inhibition of apelin promoter activity and shortened mRNA half-life in human vascular endothelial cells. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology. 2019 May; 58(?):152879. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152879. [PMID: 31005035]
  • Lingling Yang, Yang Chen, Junlin He, Emmanuel Mfotie Njoya, Jianjun Chen, Siyan Liu, Congqiang Xie, Wenze Huang, Fei Wang, Zhouyu Wang, Yuzhi Li, Shan Qian. 4,6-Substituted-1H-Indazoles as potent IDO1/TDO dual inhibitors. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry. 2019 03; 27(6):1087-1098. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.02.014. [PMID: 30773421]
  • M Soledade C Pedras, Abbas Abdoli, Q Huy To, Chintamani Thapa. Ecological Roles of Tryptanthrin, Indirubin and N-Formylanthranilic Acid in Isatis indigotica: Phytoalexins or Phytoanticipins?. Chemistry & biodiversity. 2019 Mar; 16(3):e1800579. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.201800579. [PMID: 30557446]
  • Zheng Wang, Xue Wu, Cui-Ling Wang, Li Wang, Chen Sun, Dong-Bo Zhang, Jian-Li Liu, Yan-Ni Liang, Dong-Xin Tang, Zhi-Shu Tang. Tryptanthrin Protects Mice against Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis through Inhibition of TNF-α/NF-κB and IL-6/STAT3 Pathways. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2018 05; 23(5):. doi: 10.3390/molecules23051062. [PMID: 29724065]
  • Seungjun Lee, Dong-Cheol Kim, Hum Young Baek, Kyung-Dong Lee, Youn-Chul Kim, Hyuncheol Oh. Anti-neuroinflammatory effects of tryptanthrin from Polygonum tinctorium Lour. in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. Archives of pharmacal research. 2018 Apr; 41(4):419-430. doi: 10.1007/s12272-018-1020-8. [PMID: 29532413]
  • Liwei He, Fangtian Fan, Xianbang Hou, Hongyan Wu, Juan Wang, Huiqin Xu, Yun Sun. 4(3H)-Quinazolone regulates innate immune signaling upon respiratory syncytial virus infection by moderately inhibiting the RIG-1 pathway in RAW264.7 cell. International immunopharmacology. 2017 Nov; 52(?):245-252. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.09.010. [PMID: 28957692]
  • Ramandeep Kaur, Sundeep Kaur Manjal, Ravindra K Rawal, Kapil Kumar. Recent synthetic and medicinal perspectives of tryptanthrin. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry. 2017 09; 25(17):4533-4552. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.07.003. [PMID: 28720329]
  • Danielle Cristina Machado Costa, Mariana Maria Barros de Azevedo, Davi Oliveira E Silva, Maria Teresa Villela Romanos, Thais Cristina Baeta Soares Souto-Padrón, Celuta Sales Alviano, Daniela Sales Alviano. In vitro anti-MRSA activity of Couroupita guianensis extract and its component Tryptanthrin. Natural product research. 2017 Sep; 31(17):2077-2080. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2016.1272110. [PMID: 28013553]
  • Evelyn A Jähne, Daniela E Eigenmann, Chethan Sampath, Veronika Butterweck, Maxime Culot, Roméo Cecchelli, Fabien Gosselet, Fruzsina R Walter, Mária A Deli, Martin Smieško, Matthias Hamburger, Mouhssin Oufir. Pharmacokinetics and In Vitro Blood-Brain Barrier Screening of the Plant-Derived Alkaloid Tryptanthrin. Planta medica. 2016 Jul; 82(11-12):1021-9. doi: 10.1055/s-0042-105295. [PMID: 27093249]
  • Hsin-Ning Chang, Sheng-Teng Huang, Yuan-Chieh Yeh, Hsin-Shih Wang, Tzu-Hao Wang, Yi-Hong Wu, Jong-Hwei S Pang. Indigo naturalis and its component tryptanthrin exert anti-angiogenic effect by arresting cell cycle and inhibiting Akt and FAK signaling in human vascular endothelial cells. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2015 Nov; 174(?):474-81. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.050. [PMID: 26341616]
  • A M Popov, A N Osipov, E A Korepanova, O N Krivoshapko, Yu P Shtoda, A A Klimovich. [Study of Antioxidant and Membranotropic Activities of Quinazoline Alkaloid Tryptanthrin Using Different Model Systems]. Biofizika. 2015 Jul; 60(4):700-7. doi: ". [PMID: 26394469]
  • Jayesh Antony, Minakshi Saikia, V Vinod, Lekshmi R Nath, Mohana Rao Katiki, M S R Murty, Anju Paul, A Shabna, Harsha Chandran, Sophia Margaret Joseph, Kumar S Nishanth, Elizabeth Jayex Panakkal, I V Sriramya, I V Sridivya, Sophia Ran, S Sankar, Easwary Rajan, Ruby John Anto. DW-F5: A novel formulation against malignant melanoma from Wrightia tinctoria. Scientific reports. 2015 Jun; 5(?):11107. doi: 10.1038/srep11107. [PMID: 26061820]
  • Vasiliy Korotchenko, Ramadas Sathunuru, Lucia Gerena, Diana Caridha, Qigui Li, Mara Kreishman-Deitrick, Philip L Smith, Ai J Lin. Antimalarial activity of 4-amidinoquinoline and 10-amidinobenzonaphthyridine derivatives. Journal of medicinal chemistry. 2015 Apr; 58(8):3411-31. doi: 10.1021/jm501809x. [PMID: 25654185]
  • Ning Zhang, Ying Hua, Cuiling Wang, Yanni Sun, Zheng Wang, Zhulan Liu, Jianli Liu. Distribution study of tryptanthrin in rat tissues by HPLC and its relationship with meridian tropism of indigo naturalis in traditional Chinese medicine. Biomedical chromatography : BMC. 2014 Dec; 28(12):1701-6. doi: 10.1002/bmc.3203. [PMID: 24802128]
  • Kazuhiko Seya, Asako Yamaya, Sayuri Kamachi, Mana Murakami, Haruo Kitahara, Jun Kawakami, Ken Okumura, Manabu Murakami, Shigeru Motomura, Ken-Ichi Furukawa. 8-Methyltryptanthrin-induced differentiation of P19CL6 embryonal carcinoma cells into spontaneously beating cardiomyocyte-like cells. Journal of natural products. 2014 Jun; 77(6):1413-9. doi: 10.1021/np500108r. [PMID: 24885014]
  • M Praschberger, M Hermann, J Wanner, L Jirovetz, M Exner, S Kapiotis, B M K Gmeiner, H Laggner. The uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate acts as a pro- or antioxidant on LDL oxidation. Free radical research. 2014 Jun; 48(6):641-8. doi: 10.3109/10715762.2014.898294. [PMID: 24568219]
  • Minghua Chen, Lishe Gan, Sheng Lin, Xiaoliang Wang, Li Li, Yuhuan Li, Chenggen Zhu, Yanan Wang, Bingya Jiang, Jiandong Jiang, Yongchun Yang, Jiangong Shi. Alkaloids from the root of Isatis indigotica. Journal of natural products. 2012 Jun; 75(6):1167-76. doi: 10.1021/np3002833. [PMID: 22694318]
  • C Pergola, B Jazzar, A Rossi, H Northoff, M Hamburger, L Sautebin, O Werz. On the inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase product formation by tryptanthrin: mechanistic studies and efficacy in vivo. British journal of pharmacology. 2012 Feb; 165(3):765-76. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01605.x. [PMID: 21797843]
  • Kanso Iwaki, Emiko Ohashi, Norie Arai, Keizo Kohno, Shimpei Ushio, Makoto Taniguchi, Shigeharu Fukuda. Tryptanthrin inhibits Th2 development, and IgE-mediated degranulation and IL-4 production by rat basophilic leukemia RBL-2H3 cells. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2011 Mar; 134(2):450-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.12.041. [PMID: 21216280]
  • Yi-Ping Fang, Yin-Ku Lin, Yu-Han Su, Jia-You Fang. Tryptanthrin-loaded nanoparticles for delivery into cultured human breast cancer cells, MCF7: the effects of solid lipid/liquid lipid ratios in the inner core. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin. 2011; 59(2):266-71. doi: 10.1248/cpb.59.266. [PMID: 21297310]
  • Mahmoud A Elsohly, Waseem Gul. Recent patent reviews on small molecule-based antimalarial drugs. Recent patents on anti-infective drug discovery. 2007 Nov; 2(3):222-32. doi: 10.2174/157489107782497263. [PMID: 18221180]
  • Tobias Mohn, Olivier Potterat, Matthias Hamburger. Quantification of active principles and pigments in leaf extracts of Isatis tinctoria by HPLC/UV/MS. Planta medica. 2007 Feb; 73(2):151-6. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-967105. [PMID: 17236114]
  • Bing-Chung Liau, Ting-Ting Jong, Maw-Rong Lee, Shih-Shiung Chen. LC-APCI-MS method for detection and analysis of tryptanthrin, indigo, and indirubin in daqingye and banlangen. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 2007 Jan; 43(1):346-51. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.06.029. [PMID: 16884885]
  • María-Carmen Recio, Miguel Cerdá-Nicolás, Olivier Potterat, Matthias Hamburger, José-Luis Ríos. Anti-inflammatory and antiallergic activity in vivo of lipophilic Isatis tinctoria extracts and tryptanthrin. Planta medica. 2006 May; 72(6):539-46. doi: 10.1055/s-2006-931562. [PMID: 16773538]
  • Jin-Lan Ruan, Jian-Hua Zou, Ya-Ling Cai. [Studies on chemical constituents in leaf of Isatis indigotica]. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica. 2005 Oct; 30(19):1525-6. doi: ". [PMID: 16335825]
  • C Oberthür, R Jäggi, M Hamburger. HPLC based activity profiling for 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory activity in Isatis tinctoria leaf extracts. Fitoterapia. 2005 Jun; 76(3-4):324-32. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2005.03.002. [PMID: 15893435]
  • Takahiro Motoki, Yoichiro Takami, Yasuyuki Yagi, Akihiro Tai, Itaru Yamamoto, Eiichi Gohda. Inhibition of hepatocyte growth factor induction in human dermal fibroblasts by tryptanthrin. Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin. 2005 Feb; 28(2):260-6. doi: 10.1248/bpb.28.260. [PMID: 15684480]
  • Christine Oberthür, Matthias Hamburger. Tryptanthrin content in Isatis tinctoria leaves--a comparative study of selected strains and post-harvest treatments. Planta medica. 2004 Jul; 70(7):642-5. doi: 10.1055/s-2004-827188. [PMID: 15254857]
  • Christian Heinemann, Sibylle Schliemann-Willers, Christine Oberthür, Matthias Hamburger, Peter Elsner. Prevention of experimentally induced irritant contact dermatitis by extracts of Isatis tinctoria compared to pure tryptanthrin and its impact on UVB-induced erythema. Planta medica. 2004 May; 70(5):385-90. doi: 10.1055/s-2004-818963. [PMID: 15124080]
  • Apurba K Bhattacharjee, Mark G Hartell, Daniel A Nichols, Rickey P Hicks, Benjamin Stanton, John E van Hamont, Wilbur K Milhous. Structure-activity relationship study of antimalarial indolo [2,1-b]quinazoline-6,12-diones (tryptanthrins). Three dimensional pharmacophore modeling and identification of new antimalarial candidates. European journal of medicinal chemistry. 2004 Jan; 39(1):59-67. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2003.10.004. [PMID: 14987834]
  • Christine Oberthür, Christian Heinemann, Peter Elsner, Eva Benfeldt, Matthias Hamburger. A comparative study on the skin penetration of pure tryptanthrin and tryptanthrin in Isatis tinctoria extract by dermal microdialysis coupled with isotope dilution ESI-LC-MS. Planta medica. 2003 May; 69(5):385-9. doi: 10.1055/s-2003-39718. [PMID: 12802716]
  • Yasuhiko Takei, Toshio Kunikata, Miho Aga, Shin-ichiro Inoue, Shimpei Ushio, Kanso Iwaki, Masao Ikeda, Masashi Kurimoto. Tryptanthrin inhibits interferon-gamma production by Peyer's patch lymphocytes derived from mice that had been orally administered staphylococcal enterotoxin. Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin. 2003 Mar; 26(3):365-7. doi: 10.1248/bpb.26.365. [PMID: 12612449]
  • Henning Danz, Stefka Stoyanova, Olivier A R Thomet, Hans-Uwe Simon, Gerd Dannhardt, Holger Ulbrich, Matthias Hamburger. Inhibitory activity of tryptanthrin on prostaglandin and leukotriene synthesis. Planta medica. 2002 Oct; 68(10):875-80. doi: 10.1055/s-2002-34922. [PMID: 12391548]
  • Mark J Micallef, Kanso Iwaki, Tatsuya Ishihara, Shimpei Ushio, Miho Aga, Toshio Kunikata, Satomi Koya-Miyata, Tetsuo Kimoto, Masao Ikeda, Masashi Kurimoto. The natural plant product tryptanthrin ameliorates dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in mice. International immunopharmacology. 2002 Mar; 2(4):565-78. doi: 10.1016/s1567-5769(01)00206-5. [PMID: 11962735]
  • Henning Danz, Dietmar Baumann, Matthias Hamburger. Quantitative determination of the dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibitor tryptanthrin in Isatis tinctoria by ESI-LC-MS. Planta medica. 2002 Feb; 68(2):152-7. doi: 10.1055/s-2002-20252. [PMID: 11859467]
  • S Koya-Miyata, T Kimoto, M J Micallef, K Hino, M Taniguchi, S Ushio, K Iwaki, M Ikeda, M Kurimoto. Prevention of azoxymethane-induced intestinal tumors by a crude ethyl acetate-extract and tryptanthrin extracted from Polygonum tinctorium Lour. Anticancer research. 2001 Sep; 21(5):3295-300. doi: ". [PMID: 11848486]
  • H Danz, S Stoyanova, P Wippich, A Brattström, M Hamburger. Identification and isolation of the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitory principle in Isatis tinctoria. Planta medica. 2001 Jul; 67(5):411-6. doi: 10.1055/s-2001-15805. [PMID: 11488453]
  • T Kimoto, K Hino, S Koya-Miyata, Y Yamamoto, M Takeuchi, Y Nishizaki, M J Micallef, S Ushio, K Iwaki, M Ikeda, M Kurimoto. Cell differentiation and apoptosis of monocytic and promyelocytic leukemia cells (U-937 and HL-60) by tryptanthrin, an active ingredient of Polygonum tinctorium Lour. Pathology international. 2001 May; 51(5):315-25. doi: 10.1046/j.1440-1827.2001.01204.x. [PMID: 11422788]
  • M Kataoka, K Hirata, T Kunikata, S Ushio, K Iwaki, K Ohashi, M Ikeda, M Kurimoto. Antibacterial action of tryptanthrin and kaempferol, isolated from the indigo plant (Polygonum tinctorium Lour.), against Helicobacter pylori-infected Mongolian gerbils. Journal of gastroenterology. 2001 Jan; 36(1):5-9. doi: 10.1007/s005350170147. [PMID: 11211212]
  • T Ishihara, K Kohno, S Ushio, K Iwaki, M Ikeda, M Kurimoto. Tryptanthrin inhibits nitric oxide and prostaglandin E(2) synthesis by murine macrophages. European journal of pharmacology. 2000 Oct; 407(1-2):197-204. doi: 10.1016/s0014-2999(00)00674-9. [PMID: 11050308]
  • J C Zou, L Huang. [Minor constituents of qing dai, a traditional Chinese medicine. I. Isolation, structural determination and synthesis of tryptanthrin and qingdainone]. Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. 1985 Jan; 20(1):45-51. doi: ". [PMID: 3839621]