NCBI Taxonomy: 222567
Strobilanthes cusia (ncbi_taxid: 222567)
found 63 associated metabolites at species taxonomy rank level.
Ancestor: Strobilanthes
Child Taxonomies: none taxonomy data.
Lupeol
Lupeol is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is lupane in which the hydrogen at the 3beta position is substituted by a hydroxy group. It occurs in the skin of lupin seeds, as well as in the latex of fig trees and of rubber plants. It is also found in many edible fruits and vegetables. It has a role as an anti-inflammatory drug and a plant metabolite. It is a secondary alcohol and a pentacyclic triterpenoid. It derives from a hydride of a lupane. Lupeol has been investigated for the treatment of Acne. Lupeol is a natural product found in Ficus auriculata, Ficus septica, and other organisms with data available. See also: Calendula Officinalis Flower (part of). A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is lupane in which the hydrogen at the 3beta position is substituted by a hydroxy group. It occurs in the skin of lupin seeds, as well as in the latex of fig trees and of rubber plants. It is also found in many edible fruits and vegetables. D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents Lupeol (Clerodol; Monogynol B; Fagarasterol) is an active pentacyclic?triterpenoid, has anti-oxidant, anti-mutagenic, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activity. Lupeol is a potent?androgen receptor (AR)?inhibitor and can be used for cancer research, especially prostate cancer of androgen-dependent phenotype (ADPC) and castration resistant phenotype (CRPC)[1]. Lupeol (Clerodol; Monogynol B; Fagarasterol) is an active pentacyclic?triterpenoid, has anti-oxidant, anti-mutagenic, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activity. Lupeol is a potent?androgen receptor (AR)?inhibitor and can be used for cancer research, especially prostate cancer of androgen-dependent phenotype (ADPC) and castration resistant phenotype (CRPC)[1].
Indican
Indican is a colourless, water-soluble organic compound consisting of an indole ring conjugated to glucose. It is an indole glycoside. Its hydrolysis yields β-D-glucose and indoxyl. Indoles are compounds which consist of a pyrrole ring fused to benzene to form 2,3-benzopyrrole. The oxidation of indican by a mild oxidizing agent, e.g. atmospheric oxygen or CYP450 enzymes, yields indigo dye which is blue in colour. Indican is a substance occurring naturally in the urine of humans and mammals and also in blood plasma as a normal metabolite of tryptophan. Tryptophan is first converted to indole by gut bacteria. Following absorption from the gut, indole is converted to 3-hydroxyindole (indoxyl or indican) in the liver, where it is again then conjugated with sulfuric acid or glucoronic acid through normal xenobiotic metabolism pathways. It is then transported to the kidneys for excretion. In individuals affected by the blue diaper syndrome (a rare, autosomal recessive metabolic disorder characterized in infants by bluish urine-stained diapers), the patients exhibit a defect in tryptophan metabolism, leading to an increase in indican synthesis. Indican is then excreted into the urine and from there into the diaper where, upon exposure to air, it is converted to indigo blue dye due to oxidation by atmospheric oxygen. An increased urinary excretion of indican is seen in Hartnup disease from the bacterial degradation of unabsorbed tryptophan (PMID: 19967017). Hartnup disease is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder affecting the absorption of nonpolar amino acids (particularly tryptophan), which leads to excessive bacterial fermentation of tryptophan (to indole) in the gut. Indican has also been identified as a uremic toxin according to the European Uremic Toxin Working Group (PMID: 22626821). Its excretion is decreased by the presence of Lactobacillus bacteria in the gut (PMID: 6785555 ). Indican is an indolyl carbohydrate, a beta-D-glucoside and an exopolysaccharide. Indican is a natural product found in Indigofera suffruticosa, Isatis tinctoria, and other organisms with data available. Indican is a toxic metabolite derived from dietary proteins and tryptophan. In the intestine, proteins and tryptophan are converted to indole by tryptophanase-expressing organisms. In the liver, indole is hydroxylated to form indoxyl and indoxyl is sufated to produce indican. Overproduction of indican is associated with glomerular sclerosis, interstitial fibrosis and renal failure. Indican is a uremic toxin. Uremic toxins can be subdivided into three major groups based upon their chemical and physical characteristics: 1) small, water-soluble, non-protein-bound compounds, such as urea; 2) small, lipid-soluble and/or protein-bound compounds, such as the phenols and 3) larger so-called middle-molecules, such as beta2-microglobulin. Chronic exposure of uremic toxins can lead to a number of conditions including renal damage, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. It is a colourless organic compound, soluble in water, naturally occurring in Indigofera plants. It is a precursor of indigo dye. Indican interferes with many commercial procedures for measuring total bilirubin[6] which can be a problem for renal failure patients where blood indican levels are raised. It can cause gastrointestinal symptoms in patients where protein absorption is reduced - like Hartnups disease, allowing for greater bacterial decomposition of the Tryptophan to indole and its conversion to indican.
Indolo[2,1-b]quinazoline-6,12-dione
Tryptanthrin is an indole quinazoline that could be an alkaloid from indigo-bearing plants. Tryptanthrin is a potent and orally active cellular Leukotriene (LT) biosynthesis inhibitor. Tryptanthrin has anticancer activity. Tryptanthrin suppresses the expression levels of NOS1, COX-2, and NF-κB and regulates the expression levels of IL-2, IL-10, and TNF-α[1][2]. Tryptanthrin is an indole quinazoline that could be an alkaloid from indigo-bearing plants. Tryptanthrin is a potent and orally active cellular Leukotriene (LT) biosynthesis inhibitor. Tryptanthrin has anticancer activity. Tryptanthrin suppresses the expression levels of NOS1, COX-2, and NF-κB and regulates the expression levels of IL-2, IL-10, and TNF-α[1][2].
3-Indoxyl sulfate
Indoxyl sulfate is a dietary protein metabolite and also a metabolite of the common amino acid tryptophan. It has been identified as a uremic toxin according to the European Uremic Toxin Working Group (PMID: 22626821). It is a circulating uremic toxin stimulating glomerular sclerosis and interstitial fibrosis. Indoxyl sulfate is one of the well-known substances of a group of protein-bound uremic retention solutes. Indoxyl sulfate increases the rate of progression of renal failure. In plasma, indoxyl sulfate is a protein-bound uremic solute that induces endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting endothelial proliferation and migration in vitro. Some studies suggest that indoxyl sulfate is also involved in oxidative stress. In hemodialyzed patients, serum levels of indoxyl sulfate are associated with levels of pentosidine, a marker of carbonyl and oxidative stress. In vitro, indoxyl sulfate increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in tubular cells and increases NAD(P)H oxidase activity in endothelial cells. Indoxyl sulfate impairs osteoblast function and induces abnormalities of bone turnover. Indoxyl sulfate strongly decreases the levels of glutathione, one of the most active antioxidant systems of the cell (PMID: 10681668 , 14681860 , 17471003 , 17403109). Indoxyl sulfate is a microbial metabolite found in Escherichia (PMID: 19946322). Indoxyl sulfate is a dietary protein metabolite, and also the metabolite of the common amino acid tryptophan. Indoxyl sulfate is a circulating uremic toxin stimulating glomerular sclerosis and interstitial fibrosis. Indoxyl sulfate is one of the well known substances of a group of protein-bound uremic retention solutes. Indoxyl sulfate increases the rate of progression of renal failure. In plasma, indoxyl sulfate is a protein-bound uremic solute that induces endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting endothelial proliferation and migration in vitro. Some studies suggest that indoxyl sulfate is also involved in oxidative stress. In hemodialyzed patients, serum levels of indoxyl sulfate are associated with levels of pentosidine, a marker of carbonyl and oxidative stress; in vitro, indoxyl sulfate increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in tubular cells, and increases NAD(P)H oxidase activity in endothelial cells. Indoxyl sulfate impairs osteoblst function and induces abnormalities of bone turnover. Indoxyl sulfate strongly decreases the levels of glutathione, one of the most active antioxidant systems of the cell. (PMID: 10681668, 14681860, 17471003, 17403109) [HMDB]
Verbascoside
Verbascoside
Acteoside is a glycoside that is the alpha-L-rhamnosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-glucoside of hydroxytyrosol in which the hydroxy group at position 4 of the glucopyranosyl moiety has undergone esterification by formal condensation with trans-caffeic acid. It has a role as a neuroprotective agent, an antileishmanial agent, an anti-inflammatory agent, a plant metabolite and an antibacterial agent. It is a cinnamate ester, a disaccharide derivative, a member of catechols, a polyphenol and a glycoside. It is functionally related to a hydroxytyrosol and a trans-caffeic acid. Acteoside is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02662283 (Validity and Security of Reh-acteoside Therapy for Patients of IgA Nephropathy). Acteoside is a natural product found in Orobanche amethystea, Barleria lupulina, and other organisms with data available. See also: Harpagophytum zeyheri root (part of). A glycoside that is the alpha-L-rhamnosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-glucoside of hydroxytyrosol in which the hydroxy group at position 4 of the glucopyranosyl moiety has undergone esterification by formal condensation with trans-caffeic acid. D007155 - Immunologic Factors > D007166 - Immunosuppressive Agents D064449 - Sequestering Agents > D002614 - Chelating Agents D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents Verbascoside is isolated from Acanthus mollis, acts as an ATP-competitive inhibitor of PKC, with an IC50 of 25 μM, and has antitumor, anti-inflammatory and antineuropathic pain activity. Verbascoside is isolated from Acanthus mollis, acts as an ATP-competitive inhibitor of PKC, with an IC50 of 25 μM, and has antitumor, anti-inflammatory and antineuropathic pain activity.
lupeol
D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents Lupeol (Clerodol; Monogynol B; Fagarasterol) is an active pentacyclic?triterpenoid, has anti-oxidant, anti-mutagenic, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activity. Lupeol is a potent?androgen receptor (AR)?inhibitor and can be used for cancer research, especially prostate cancer of androgen-dependent phenotype (ADPC) and castration resistant phenotype (CRPC)[1]. Lupeol (Clerodol; Monogynol B; Fagarasterol) is an active pentacyclic?triterpenoid, has anti-oxidant, anti-mutagenic, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activity. Lupeol is a potent?androgen receptor (AR)?inhibitor and can be used for cancer research, especially prostate cancer of androgen-dependent phenotype (ADPC) and castration resistant phenotype (CRPC)[1].
pteleifoside G
(+)-lyoniresinol-3-alpha-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside is a lignan that is (+)-lyoniresinol substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. Isolated from the root barks of Stemmadenia minima and Lycium chinense, it exhibits antimicrobial activities. It has a role as a metabolite, an antibacterial agent and an antifungal agent. It is a beta-D-glucoside, a dimethoxybenzene, a lignan, a primary alcohol, a monosaccharide derivative, a polyphenol and a member of tetralins. It is functionally related to a (+)-lyoniresinol. (+)-lyoniresinol-3-alpha-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside is a natural product found in Barleria lupulina, Lycium chinense, and other organisms with data available. A lignan that is (+)-lyoniresinol substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. Isolated from the root barks of Stemmadenia minima and Lycium chinense, it exhibits antimicrobial activities.
4Y6E3F2U66
Tryptanthrine is an organonitrogen heterocyclic compound, an organic heterotetracyclic compound and an alkaloid antibiotic. Indolo[2,1-b]quinazoline-6,12-dione is a natural product found in Isatis tinctoria, Cissus discolor, and other organisms with data available. Tryptanthrin is an indole quinazoline that could be an alkaloid from indigo-bearing plants. Tryptanthrin is a potent and orally active cellular Leukotriene (LT) biosynthesis inhibitor. Tryptanthrin has anticancer activity. Tryptanthrin suppresses the expression levels of NOS1, COX-2, and NF-κB and regulates the expression levels of IL-2, IL-10, and TNF-α[1][2]. Tryptanthrin is an indole quinazoline that could be an alkaloid from indigo-bearing plants. Tryptanthrin is a potent and orally active cellular Leukotriene (LT) biosynthesis inhibitor. Tryptanthrin has anticancer activity. Tryptanthrin suppresses the expression levels of NOS1, COX-2, and NF-κB and regulates the expression levels of IL-2, IL-10, and TNF-α[1][2].
Indoxyl sulfate
Indoxyl sulfate is an aryl sulfate that is indoxyl in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is substituted by a sulfo group. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is a member of indoles and an aryl sulfate. A substance occurring in the urine of mammals and also in blood plasma as the normal metabolite of tryptophan. An increased urinary excretion of indican is seen in Hartnup disease from the bacterial degradation of unabsorbed tryptophan. It is functionally related to an indoxyl. It is a conjugate acid of an indoxyl sulfate(1-). Indoxyl sulfate is a natural product found in Strobilanthes cusia, Calanthe discolor, and other organisms with data available. Indoxyl sulfate is a uremic toxin. Uremic toxins can be subdivided into three major groups based upon their chemical and physical characteristics: 1) small, water-soluble, non-protein-bound compounds, such as urea; 2) small, lipid-soluble and/or protein-bound compounds, such as the phenols and 3) larger so-called middle-molecules, such as beta2-microglobulin. Chronic exposure of uremic toxins can lead to a number of conditions including renal damage, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. Indoxyl sulfate is a dietary protein metabolite, and also the metabolite of the common amino acid tryptophan. Indoxyl sulfate is a circulating uremic toxin stimulating glomerular sclerosis and interstitial fibrosis. Indoxyl sulfate is one of the well known substances of a group of protein-bound uremic retention solutes. Indoxyl sulfate increases the rate of progression of renal failure. In plasma, indoxyl sulfate is a protein-bound uremic solute that induces endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting endothelial proliferation and migration in vitro. Some studies suggest that indoxyl sulfate is also involved in oxidative stress. In hemodialyzed patients, serum levels of indoxyl sulfate are associated with levels of pentosidine, a marker of carbonyl and oxidative stress; in vitro, indoxyl sulfate increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in tubular cells, and increases NAD(P)H oxidase activity in endothelial cells. Indoxyl sulfate impairs osteoblst function and induces abnormalities of bone turnover. Indoxyl sulfate strongly decreases the levels of glutathione, one of the most active antioxidant systems of the cell. (A3273, A3274, A3275, A3276).
(+)-lyoniresinol-3a-O-β-glucoside
Tryptanthrin
Tryptanthrin is an indole quinazoline that could be an alkaloid from indigo-bearing plants. Tryptanthrin is a potent and orally active cellular Leukotriene (LT) biosynthesis inhibitor. Tryptanthrin has anticancer activity. Tryptanthrin suppresses the expression levels of NOS1, COX-2, and NF-κB and regulates the expression levels of IL-2, IL-10, and TNF-α[1][2]. Tryptanthrin is an indole quinazoline that could be an alkaloid from indigo-bearing plants. Tryptanthrin is a potent and orally active cellular Leukotriene (LT) biosynthesis inhibitor. Tryptanthrin has anticancer activity. Tryptanthrin suppresses the expression levels of NOS1, COX-2, and NF-κB and regulates the expression levels of IL-2, IL-10, and TNF-α[1][2].