Sparfloxacin (BioDeep_00000001822)
Secondary id: BioDeep_00000398987
human metabolite blood metabolite
代谢物信息卡片
5-amino-1-cyclopropyl-7-[(3R,5S)-3,5-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl]-6,8-difluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid
化学式: C19H22F2N4O3 (392.1659886)
中文名称: 司帕沙星
谱图信息:
最多检出来源 Homo sapiens(blood) 0.18%
分子结构信息
SMILES: CC1CN(c2c(F)c(N)c3c(=O)c(C(=O)O)cn(C4CC4)c3c2F)CC(C)N1
InChI: InChI=1S/C19H22F2N4O3/c1-8-5-24(6-9(2)23-8)17-13(20)15(22)12-16(14(17)21)25(10-3-4-10)7-11(18(12)26)19(27)28/h7-10,23H,3-6,22H2,1-2H3,(H,27,28)/t8-,9+
描述信息
Sparfloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic used in the treatment of bacterial infections. Sparfloxacin exerts its antibacterial activity by inhibiting DNA gyrase, a bacterial topoisomerase. DNA gyrase is an essential enzyme which controls DNA topology and assists in DNA replication, repair, deactivation, and transcription.
J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01M - Quinolone antibacterials > J01MA - Fluoroquinolones
D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D059003 - Topoisomerase Inhibitors > D059005 - Topoisomerase II Inhibitors
D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D000995 - Antitubercular Agents
D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D024841 - Fluoroquinolones
C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C52588 - Antibacterial Agent > C280 - Antitubercular Agent
C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C795 - Quinolone Antibiotic
D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors
同义名列表
8 个代谢物同义名
5-amino-1-cyclopropyl-7-[(3R,5S)-3,5-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl]-6,8-difluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid; 5-Amino-1-cyclopropyl-7-(cis-3,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)- 6,8-difluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid; cis-5-Amino-1-cyclopropyl-7-(3,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-6,8-difluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid; cis-5-Amino-1-cyclopropyl-7-(3,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-6,8-difluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylate; C19H22F2N4O3; Sparfloxacin; Zagam; SPFX
数据库引用编号
17 个数据库交叉引用编号
- ChEBI: CHEBI:9212
- KEGG: C07662
- KEGGdrug: D00590
- PubChem: 60464
- PubChem: 5257
- HMDB: HMDB0015339
- Metlin: METLIN66707
- DrugBank: DB01208
- ChEMBL: CHEMBL850
- Wikipedia: Sparfloxacin
- chemspider: 54517
- CAS: 111542-93-9
- CAS: 110871-86-8
- PMhub: MS000001231
- PubChem: 9864
- NIKKAJI: J324.247A
- RefMet: Sparfloxacin
分类词条
相关代谢途径
Reactome(0)
BioCyc(0)
PlantCyc(0)
代谢反应
0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。
Reactome(0)
BioCyc(0)
WikiPathways(0)
Plant Reactome(0)
INOH(0)
PlantCyc(0)
COVID-19 Disease Map(0)
PathBank(0)
PharmGKB(0)
1 个相关的物种来源信息
在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：
- PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
- NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
- Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
- Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。
点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。
文献列表
- Wen Li, Yilin Song, Xiaoyang Liang, Yue Zhou, Min Xu, Qiang Lu, Xinxing Wang, Nan Li. Mutual-reinforcing sonodynamic therapy against Rheumatoid Arthritis based on sparfloxacin sonosensitizer doped concave-cubic rhodium nanozyme.
Biomaterials.
2021 09; 276(?):121063. doi:
10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121063. [PMID: 34391020] - Dinesh M Morkhade, Vishwanath S Nande, Umesh V Barabde, Arun T Patil, Siddheshwar B Joshi. Design and evaluation of dental films of PEGylated rosin derivatives containing sparfloxacin for periodontitis.
Drug development and industrial pharmacy.
2018 Jun; 44(6):914-922. doi:
10.1080/03639045.2017.1421660. [PMID: 29277118] - Eleftherios Kouris, Stavros Kalogiannis, Franc Perdih, Iztok Turel, George Psomas. Cobalt(II) complexes of sparfloxacin: Characterization, structure, antimicrobial activity and interaction with DNA and albumins.
Journal of inorganic biochemistry.
2016 10; 163(?):18-27. doi:
10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.07.022. [PMID: 27501348] - Jun Katagi, Yuji Nakamura, Xin Cao, Hiroshi Ohara, Atsushi Honda, Hiroko Izumi-Nakaseko, Kentaro Ando, Atsushi Sugiyama. Why Can dl-Sotalol Prolong the QT Interval In Vivo Despite Its Weak Inhibitory Effect on hERG K(+) Channels In Vitro? Electrophysiological and Pharmacokinetic Analysis with the Halothane-Anesthetized Guinea Pig Model.
Cardiovascular toxicology.
2016 Apr; 16(2):138-46. doi:
10.1007/s12012-015-9322-2. [PMID: 25822712] - Carla F Sousa, Mariana Ferreira, Bárbara Abreu, Craig J Medforth, Paula Gameiro. Interactions of a non-fluorescent fluoroquinolone with biological membrane models: A multi-technique approach.
International journal of pharmaceutics.
2015 Nov; 495(2):761-70. doi:
10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.09.037. [PMID: 26392242] - André Mateus, Pär Matsson, Per Artursson. A high-throughput cell-based method to predict the unbound drug fraction in the brain.
Journal of medicinal chemistry.
2014 Apr; 57(7):3005-10. doi:
10.1021/jm401963n. [PMID: 24601604] - Jeonghyeon Park, Keumhan Noh, Hae Won Lee, Mi-sun Lim, Sook Jin Seong, Jeong Ju Seo, Eun-Jung Kim, Wonku Kang, Young-Ran Yoon. Pharmacometabolomic approach to predict QT prolongation in guinea pigs.
PloS one.
2013; 8(4):e60556. doi:
10.1371/journal.pone.0060556. [PMID: 23593245] - Jasmin Shah, Muhammad Rasul Jan, Inayatullah Khan, Muhammad Naeem Khan. Quantification of sparfloxacin in pharmaceutical dosages and biological samples.
Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences.
2012 Oct; 25(4):823-9. doi:
NULL. [PMID: 23010000] - Ligiane R Gouvea, Luciene S Garcia, Daniela R Lachter, Paula Roberta Nunes, Flávia de Castro Pereira, Elisângela P Silveira-Lacerda, Sônia R W Louro, Paulo Jorge S Barbeira, Letícia R Teixeira. Atypical fluoroquinolone gold(III) chelates as potential anticancer agents: relevance of DNA and protein interactions for their mechanism of action.
European journal of medicinal chemistry.
2012 Sep; 55(?):67-73. doi:
10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.07.004. [PMID: 22835721] - G Eichenbaum, M K Pugsley, D J Gallacher, R Towart, G McIntyre, U Shukla, J M Davenport, H R Lu, J Rohrbacher, V Hillsamer. Role of mixed ion channel effects in the cardiovascular safety assessment of the novel anti-MRSA fluoroquinolone JNJ-Q2.
British journal of pharmacology.
2012 Jul; 166(5):1694-707. doi:
10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01874.x. [PMID: 22289150] - V E Tverdoĭ, S A Oskolkov, V A Zhmurov, Iu A Petrova, N V Oborotova. [Comparative effectiveness of fluoroquinolones and beta-lactams in the complex therapy of patients with chronic pyelonephritis].
Urologiia (Moscow, Russia : 1999).
2012 Jul; ?(4):8-12. doi:
". [PMID: 23116015] - Ai Jia, Yi Wan, Yang Xiao, Jianying Hu. Occurrence and fate of quinolone and fluoroquinolone antibiotics in a municipal sewage treatment plant.
Water research.
2012 Feb; 46(2):387-94. doi:
10.1016/j.watres.2011.10.055. [PMID: 22118907] - Xuelan Chen, Hengyi Xu, Weihua Lai, Yuan Chen, Xiaohui Yang, Yonghua Xiong. A sensitive chromatographic strip test for the rapid detection of enrofloxacin in chicken muscle.
Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment.
2012; 29(3):383-91. doi:
10.1080/19440049.2011.641509. [PMID: 22243423] - Noriyasu Hagiwara, Mitsuru Yasuda, Shin-ichi Maeda, Takashi Deguchi. In vitro activity of azithromycin against Mycoplasma genitalium and its efficacy in the treatment of male Mycoplasma genitalium-positive nongonococcal urethritis.
Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy.
2011 Dec; 17(6):821-4. doi:
10.1007/s10156-011-0269-3. [PMID: 21710162] - Alketa Tarushi, Eleni Polatoglou, Jakob Kljun, Iztok Turel, George Psomas, Dimitris P Kessissoglou. Interaction of Zn(II) with quinolone drugs: structure and biological evaluation.
Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003).
2011 Oct; 40(37):9461-73. doi:
10.1039/c1dt10870k. [PMID: 21853189] - Kalliopi C Skyrianou, Franc Perdih, Athanasios N Papadopoulos, Iztok Turel, Dimitris P Kessissoglou, George Psomas. Nickel-quinolones interaction. Part 5-Biological evaluation of nickel(II) complexes with first-, second- and third-generation quinolones.
Journal of inorganic biochemistry.
2011 Oct; 105(10):1273-85. doi:
10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2011.06.005. [PMID: 21820989] - Akram M El-Didamony. Fluorescence probe enhanced spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of sparfloxacin in tablets and biological fluids.
Luminescence : the journal of biological and chemical luminescence.
2011 Mar; 26(2):112-7. doi:
10.1002/bio.1192. [PMID: 20094984] - Deepak Almeida, Paul J Converse, Zahoor Ahmad, Kelly E Dooley, Eric L Nuermberger, Jacques H Grosset. Activities of rifampin, Rifapentine and clarithromycin alone and in combination against mycobacterium ulcerans disease in mice.
PLoS neglected tropical diseases.
2011 Jan; 5(1):e933. doi:
10.1371/journal.pntd.0000933. [PMID: 21245920] - Shuyu Xie, Luyan Zhu, Zhao Dong, Yan Wang, Xiaofang Wang, WenZhong Zhou. Preparation and evaluation of ofloxacin-loaded palmitic acid solid lipid nanoparticles.
International journal of nanomedicine.
2011; 6(?):547-55. doi:
10.2147/ijn.s17083. [PMID: 21468357] - Keumhan Noh, Kwang-Il Kwon, Tae Cheon Jeong, Wonku Kang. Quantitative determination of sparfloxacin in rat plasma by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.
Biomedical chromatography : BMC.
2010 Nov; 24(11):1199-202. doi:
10.1002/bmc.1427. [PMID: 20737450] - E V Kul'chavenia, A A Breusov, E V Brizhatiuk, D P Kholtobin. [Approaches to raising efficacy of treatment of patients with chronic prostatitis associated with intracellular infections].
Urologiia (Moscow, Russia : 1999).
2010 Nov; ?(6):55-8. doi:
. [PMID: 21427997] - Jia Guo, Sheng-Na Han, Jin-Xu Liu, Xiang-Mei Zhang, Zhen-Sheng Hu, Jie Shi, Li-Rong Zhang, Zhong-Zhong Zhao, Zhao Zhang. The action of a novel fluoroquinolone antibiotic agent antofloxacin hydrochloride on human-ether-à-go-go-related gene potassium channel.
Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology.
2010 Aug; 107(2):643-9. doi:
10.1111/j.1742-7843.2010.00550.x. [PMID: 20662825] - E V Kul'chavenia, A A Breusov. [Efficacy of combined treatment of women with chronic cystitis associated with intracellular infections].
Urologiia (Moscow, Russia : 1999).
2010 Jul; ?(4):25-9. doi:
NULL. [PMID: 20973133] - Alex Avdeef, Kin Y Tam. How well can the Caco-2/Madin-Darby canine kidney models predict effective human jejunal permeability?.
Journal of medicinal chemistry.
2010 May; 53(9):3566-84. doi:
10.1021/jm901846t. [PMID: 20373811] - Matthew G Blango, Matthew A Mulvey. Persistence of uropathogenic Escherichia coli in the face of multiple antibiotics.
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy.
2010 May; 54(5):1855-63. doi:
10.1128/aac.00014-10. [PMID: 20231390] - Eleni K Efthimiadou, Alexandra Karaliota, George Psomas. Metal complexes of the third-generation quinolone antimicrobial drug sparfloxacin: Structure and biological evaluation.
Journal of inorganic biochemistry.
2010 Apr; 104(4):455-66. doi:
10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2009.12.019. [PMID: 20106531] - Himanshu Gupta, Mohammed Aqil, Roop K Khar, Asgar Ali, Aseem Bhatnagar, Gaurav Mittal. Sparfloxacin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles for sustained ocular drug delivery.
Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine.
2010 Apr; 6(2):324-33. doi:
10.1016/j.nano.2009.10.004. [PMID: 19857606] - Intzar Ali, Farrah G Khan, Krishan A Suri, Bishan D Gupta, Naresh K Satti, Prabhu Dutt, Farhat Afrin, Ghulam N Qazi, Inshad A Khan. In vitro antifungal activity of hydroxychavicol isolated from Piper betle L.
Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials.
2010 Feb; 9(?):7. doi:
10.1186/1476-0711-9-7. [PMID: 20128889] - Neelam Seedher, Pooja Agarwal. Effect of metal ions on some pharmacologically relevant interactions involving fluoroquinolone antibiotics.
Drug metabolism and drug interactions.
2010; 25(1-4):17-24. doi:
10.1515/dmdi.2010.003. [PMID: 21417790] - Manthena V S Varma, Bo Feng, R Scott Obach, Matthew D Troutman, Jonathan Chupka, Howard R Miller, Ayman El-Kattan. Physicochemical determinants of human renal clearance.
Journal of medicinal chemistry.
2009 Aug; 52(15):4844-52. doi:
10.1021/jm900403j. [PMID: 19445515] - Makoto Aoki, Maki Iguchi, Hiroyuki Hayashi, Shigeki Shibasaki, Tohru Kurosawa, Masahiro Hayashi. Active uptake of ulifloxacin from plasma to lung that controls its concentration in epithelial lining fluid.
Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin.
2009 Jun; 32(6):1095-100. doi:
10.1248/bpb.32.1095. [PMID: 19483322] - M K Bhar, S Khargharia, A K Chakraborty, T K Mandal. Disposition kinetics of sparfloxacin in healthy, hepatopathic, and nephropathic conditions in chicken after single intravenous administration.
Indian journal of pharmacology.
2009 Jun; 41(3):106-9. doi:
10.4103/0253-7613.55204. [PMID: 20442816] - Constance Chollet, Alessandro Baliani, Pui Ee Wong, Michael P Barrett, Ian H Gilbert. Targeted delivery of compounds to Trypanosoma brucei using the melamine motif.
Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry.
2009 Mar; 17(6):2512-23. doi:
10.1016/j.bmc.2009.01.058. [PMID: 19250832] - Jahye Kim, Hisakazu Ohtani, Masayuki Tsujimoto, Yasufumi Sawada. Quantitative comparison of the convulsive activity of combinations of twelve fluoroquinolones with five nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents.
Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics.
2009; 24(2):167-74. doi:
10.2133/dmpk.24.167. [PMID: 19430173] - Tao Ding, Dongxu Shen, Jinzhong Xu, Bin Wu, Huilan Chen, Chongyu Shen, Weijian Shen, Zengyun Zhao, Hongzhen Lian. [Simultaneous determination of 19 quinolone residues in honey using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry].
Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography.
2009 Jan; 27(1):34-8. doi:
". [PMID: 19449537] - Nimmagadda Srinivas, Lakshmi Narasu, B Prabha Shankar, Ramesh Mullangi. Development and validation of a HPLC method for simultaneous quantitation of gatifloxacin, sparfloxacin and moxifloxacin using levofloxacin as internal standard in human plasma: application to a clinical pharmacokinetic study.
Biomedical chromatography : BMC.
2008 Nov; 22(11):1288-95. doi:
10.1002/bmc.1060. [PMID: 18655224] - R Scott Obach, Franco Lombardo, Nigel J Waters. Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals.
2008 Jul; 36(7):1385-405. doi:
10.1124/dmd.108.020479. [PMID: 18426954] - Melanie Struwe, Karl-Otto Greulich, Ursula Junker, Christian Jean, Dieter Zimmer, Willi Suter, Ulla Plappert-Helbig. Detection of photogenotoxicity in skin and eye in rat with the photo comet assay.
Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology.
2008 Feb; 7(2):240-9. doi:
10.1039/b715756h. [PMID: 18264593] - Radha K Shandil, Ramesh Jayaram, Parvinder Kaur, Sheshagiri Gaonkar, B L Suresh, B N Mahesh, R Jayashree, Vrinda Nandi, Sowmya Bharath, V Balasubramanian. Moxifloxacin, ofloxacin, sparfloxacin, and ciprofloxacin against Mycobacterium tuberculosis: evaluation of in vitro and pharmacodynamic indices that best predict in vivo efficacy.
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy.
2007 Feb; 51(2):576-82. doi:
10.1128/aac.00414-06. [PMID: 17145798] - Nidhi Bharal, K K Pillai, Divya Vohora. Effects of sparfloxacin on CNS functions and urinary hydroxyproline in mice.
Pharmacological research.
2006 Aug; 54(2):111-7. doi:
10.1016/j.phrs.2006.03.004. [PMID: 16701999] - Hea-Young Cho, Sun-Ae Park, Yong-Bok Lee. Improvement and validation of an HPLC method for examining the effects of the MDR1 gene polymorphism on sparfloxacin pharmacokinetics.
Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences.
2006 Apr; 834(1-2):84-92. doi:
10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.02.033. [PMID: 16530028] - T P T Cushnie, A J Lamb. Assessment of the antibacterial activity of galangin against 4-quinolone resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus.
Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology.
2006 Feb; 13(3):187-91. doi:
10.1016/j.phymed.2004.07.003. [PMID: 16428027] - Katsuyoshi Chiba, Atsushi Sugiyama, Kazuo Watanabe, Kiyoshi Takasuna, Keitaro Hashimoto. Acute hypokalemia may not be an effective way to sensitize the in situ canine heart for sparfloxacin-induced long QT syndrome.
Journal of pharmacological sciences.
2006 Jan; 100(1):88-92. doi:
10.1254/jphs.scj05008x. [PMID: 16404129] - Hiroyuki Sasabe, Yukio Kato, Takashi Suzuki, Minoru Itose, Gohachiro Miyamoto, Yuichi Sugiyama. Carrier-mediated uptake of grepafloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, by the isolated rat lung cells.
Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics.
2005 Dec; 20(6):491-5. doi:
10.2133/dmpk.20.491. [PMID: 16415534] - T Horiguchi, J Miyazaki, D Ohira, Y Watanabe, N Hayashi, K Kobayashi, T Torigoe, K Fukumoto, T Ito, M Hirose, Y Sasaki, M Shiga, R Kondo, M Handa, S Tachikawa. Usefulness of sparfloxacin against Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in patients with bronchial asthma.
The Journal of international medical research.
2005 Nov; 33(6):668-76. doi:
10.1177/147323000503300609. [PMID: 16372585] - X D Liu, D W Wang, L Xie. Correlation between quinolone uptakes by BCECs in vitro and brain-to-plasma concentration ratios in rats.
European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics.
2005 Oct; 30(4):249-54. doi:
10.1007/bf03190628. [PMID: 16435569] - M A El Ries, A A Wassel, N T Abdel Ghani, M A El-Shall. Electrochemical adsorptive behavior of some fluoroquinolones at carbon paste electrode.
Analytical sciences : the international journal of the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry.
2005 Oct; 21(10):1249-54. doi:
10.2116/analsci.21.1249. [PMID: 16270589] - Katarzyna Piekarska, Maria Kochman, Maja Lawrynowicz-Paciorek. [Characteristic of clinical fluoroquinolone resistant isolates E. faecalis].
Medycyna doswiadczalna i mikrobiologia.
2005; 57(4):345-53. doi:
NULL. [PMID: 16773827] - Akemi Shimizu, Mika Miyoshi, Masami Sugie, Jun Ueyama, Takuji Yamaguchi, Toshinobu Sasaki, Kenzo Takagi, Mingji Jin, Ken-Ichi Miyamoto, Akira Tsuji, Takaaki Hasegawa. Possible involvement of P-glycoprotein in renal excretion of pazufloxacin in rats.
European journal of pharmacology.
2004 Oct; 501(1-3):151-9. doi:
10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.08.013. [PMID: 15464074] - Yu-Lin Feng, Chuan Dong. Simultaneous determination of trace of loxacin, ciprofloxacin, and sparfloxacin by micelle TLC-fluorimetry.
Journal of chromatographic science.
2004 Oct; 42(9):474-7. doi:
10.1093/chromsci/42.9.474. [PMID: 15693187] - Hans-Jörg Linde, Norbert Lehn. Mutant prevention concentration of nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, clinafloxacin, levofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, sparfloxacin or trovafloxacin for Escherichia coli under different growth conditions.
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy.
2004 Feb; 53(2):252-7. doi:
10.1093/jac/dkh036. [PMID: 14688048] - Michael Kastner, Ute Rahm, Irmela Baumann-Wilschke, Akintunde Bello, Ralf Stahlmann. Concentrations of the des-F(6)-quinolone garenoxacin in plasma and joint cartilage of immature rats.
Archives of toxicology.
2004 Feb; 78(2):61-7. doi:
10.1007/s00204-003-0514-3. [PMID: 14661070] - R S Dawe, S H Ibbotson, J B Sanderson, E M Thomson, J Ferguson. A randomized controlled trial (volunteer study) of sitafloxacin, enoxacin, levofloxacin and sparfloxacin phototoxicity.
The British journal of dermatology.
2003 Dec; 149(6):1232-41. doi:
10.1111/j.1365-2133.2003.05582.x. [PMID: 14674902] - Preya Kullavanijaya, Niramol Rattana-Apiromyakij, Palachart Sukonthapirom-Napattalung, Supreeya Sirimachand, Imelda Duangdeeden. Disseminated Mycobacterium chelonae cutaneous infection: recalcitrant to combined antibiotic therapy.
The Journal of dermatology.
2003 Jun; 30(6):485-91. doi:
10.1111/j.1346-8138.2003.tb00421.x. [PMID: 12810998] - Suresh G Joshi, Geeta M Litake, Krishnarao B Niphadkar, Vikram S Ghole. Multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from a teaching hospital.
Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy.
2003 Jun; 9(2):187-90. doi:
10.1007/s10156-002-0224-4. [PMID: 12872781] - W S Redfern, L Carlsson, A S Davis, W G Lynch, I MacKenzie, S Palethorpe, P K S Siegl, I Strang, A T Sullivan, R Wallis, A J Camm, T G Hammond. Relationships between preclinical cardiac electrophysiology, clinical QT interval prolongation and torsade de pointes for a broad range of drugs: evidence for a provisional safety margin in drug development.
Cardiovascular research.
2003 Apr; 58(1):32-45. doi:
10.1016/s0008-6363(02)00846-5. [PMID: 12667944] - Tarun K Garg, Jason Y Chang. Oxidative stress causes ERK phosphorylation and cell death in cultured retinal pigment epithelium: prevention of cell death by AG126 and 15-deoxy-delta 12, 14-PGJ2.
BMC ophthalmology.
2003 Mar; 3(?):5. doi:
10.1186/1471-2415-3-5. [PMID: 12659653] - Hiroyoshi Hayakawa, Kyoko Takagi, Yoko Fukushima Takano, Yasuhito Kawamura, Akira Tsuji. Determinant of the distribution volume at steady state for novel quinolone pazufloxacin in rats.
The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology.
2002 Sep; 54(9):1229-36. doi:
10.1211/002235702320402071. [PMID: 12356277] - Qiuhong Li, Kohji Naora, Hidenari Hirano, Hideki Okunishi, Kikuo Iwamoto. Comparative study on salivary distribution of fluoroquinolones in rats.
Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin.
2002 Aug; 25(8):1084-9. doi:
10.1248/bpb.25.1084. [PMID: 12186414] - Mineko Nagasawa, Shozo Nakamura, Miyono Miyazaki, Yasuyuki Nojima, Hiroyoshi Hayakawa, Yasuhito Kawamura. [Phototoxicity studies of pazufloxacin mesilate, a novel parenteral quinolone antimicrobial agent--in vitro and in vivo studies].
The Japanese journal of antibiotics.
2002 Jun; 55(3):259-69. doi:
. [PMID: 12199110] - George G Zhanel, Kelly Ennis, Lavern Vercaigne, Andrew Walkty, Alfred S Gin, John Embil, Heather Smith, Daryl J Hoban. A critical review of the fluoroquinolones: focus on respiratory infections.
Drugs.
2002; 62(1):13-59. doi:
10.2165/00003495-200262010-00002. [PMID: 11790155] - T Rikimaru, M Kondo, K Kajimura, K Hashimoto, K Oyamada, K Sagawa, S Tanoue, K Oizumi. Bactericidal activities of commonly used antiseptics against multidrug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland).
2002; 204 Suppl 1(?):15-20. doi:
10.1159/000057719. [PMID: 12011515] - L R Baden, G Horowitz, H Jacoby, G M Eliopoulos. Quinolones and false-positive urine screening for opiates by immunoassay technology.
JAMA.
2001 Dec; 286(24):3115-9. doi:
10.1001/jama.286.24.3115. [PMID: 11754677] - S Marchand, C Pariat, A Boulanger, S Bouquet, W Couet. A pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic approach to show that not all fluoroquinolones exhibit similar sensitivity toward the proconvulsant effect of biphenyl acetic acid in rats.
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy.
2001 Dec; 48(6):813-20. doi:
10.1093/jac/48.6.813. [PMID: 11733465] - H R Zhang, S Y Guo, L Li, M Y Cai, W J Jin, C S Liu. [Study on the interaction between sparfloxacin and serum albumins by fluorescence].
Guang pu xue yu guang pu fen xi = Guang pu.
2001 Dec; 21(6):829-32. doi:
NULL. [PMID: 12958907] - M Nadai, Y L Zhao, L Wang, Y Nishio, K Takagi, K Kitaichi, K Takagi, H Yoshizumi, T Hasegawa. Endotoxin impairs biliary transport of sparfloxacin and its glucuronide in rats.
European journal of pharmacology.
2001 Nov; 432(1):99-105. doi:
10.1016/s0014-2999(01)01470-4. [PMID: 11734193] - C E Thorburn, D I Edwards. The effect of pharmacokinetics on the bactericidal activity of ciprofloxacin and sparfloxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae and the emergence of resistance.
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy.
2001 Jul; 48(1):15-22. doi:
10.1093/jac/48.1.15. [PMID: 11418508] - P D Lister, C C Sanders. Pharmacodynamics of moxifloxacin, levofloxacin and sparfloxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae.
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy.
2001 Jun; 47(6):811-8. doi:
10.1093/jac/47.6.811. [PMID: 11389113] - M Dorian, J Grellet, M C Saux. Uptake of quinolones by in-vitro human monocyte derived macrophages.
The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology.
2001 May; 53(5):735-41. doi:
10.1211/0022357011775866. [PMID: 11370713] - A Fietta, M Morosini, A Cascina. Effects of continuous or pulsed exposure to rifabutin and sparfloxacin on the intracellular growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Journal of chemotherapy (Florence, Italy).
2001 Apr; 13(2):167-75. doi:
10.1179/joc.2001.13.2.167. [PMID: 11330364] - D Kaur, I Verma, G K Khuller. Biochemical mechanism of combined effect of ethambutol and sparfloxacin against Mycobacterium smegmatis.
Indian journal of experimental biology.
2001 Mar; 39(3):238-42. doi:
. [PMID: 11495282] - M Rizk, F Belal, F Ibrahim, S Ahmed, Z A Sheribah. Derivative spectrophotometric analysis of 4-quinolone antibacterials in formulations and spiked biological fluids by their Cu(II) complexes.
Journal of AOAC International.
2001 Mar; 84(2):368-75. doi:
. [PMID: 11324600] - J Kang, L Wang, X L Chen, D J Triggle, D Rampe. Interactions of a series of fluoroquinolone antibacterial drugs with the human cardiac K+ channel HERG.
Molecular pharmacology.
2001 Jan; 59(1):122-6. doi:
10.1124/mol.59.1.122. [PMID: 11125032] - S E Berning. The role of fluoroquinolones in tuberculosis today.
Drugs.
2001; 61(1):9-18. doi:
10.2165/00003495-200161010-00002. [PMID: 11217874] - M Rizk, F Belal, F Ibrahim, S Ahmed, N M El-Enany. Voltammetric analysis of certain 4-quinolones in pharmaceuticals and biological fluids.
Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.
2000 Dec; 24(2):211-8. doi:
10.1016/s0731-7085(00)00401-5. [PMID: 11130200] - E C de Lange, S Marchand, D van den Berg, I C van der Sandt, A G de Boer, A Delon, S Bouquet, W Couet. In vitro and in vivo investigations on fluoroquinolones; effects of the P-glycoprotein efflux transporter on brain distribution of sparfloxacin.
European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences.
2000 Dec; 12(2):85-93. doi:
10.1016/s0928-0987(00)00149-4. [PMID: 11102735] - I Tamai, J Yamashita, Y Kido, A Ohnari, Y Sai, Y Shima, K Naruhashi, S Koizumi, A Tsuji. Limited distribution of new quinolone antibacterial agents into brain caused by multiple efflux transporters at the blood-brain barrier.
The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics.
2000 Oct; 295(1):146-52. doi:
. [PMID: 10991972] - Y Dong, X Zhao, B N Kreiswirth, K Drlica. Mutant prevention concentration as a measure of antibiotic potency: studies with clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy.
2000 Sep; 44(9):2581-4. doi:
10.1128/aac.44.9.2581-2584.2000. [PMID: 10952625] - K Shimoda, T Ikeda, S Okawara, M Kato. Possible relationship between phototoxicity and photodegradation of sitafloxacin, a quinolone antibacterial agent, in the auricular skin of albino mice.
Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology.
2000 Aug; 56(2):290-6. doi:
10.1093/toxsci/56.2.290. [PMID: 10910986] - E Pestova, J J Millichap, G A Noskin, L R Peterson. Intracellular targets of moxifloxacin: a comparison with other fluoroquinolones.
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy.
2000 May; 45(5):583-90. doi:
10.1093/jac/45.5.583. [PMID: 10797078] - D E King, R Malone, S H Lilley. New classification and update on the quinolone antibiotics.
American family physician.
2000 May; 61(9):2741-8. doi:
NULL. [PMID: 10821154] - M Kamberi, H Nakashima, K Ogawa, N Oda, S Nakano. The effect of staggered dosing of sucralfate on oral bioavailability of sparfloxacin.
British journal of clinical pharmacology.
2000 Feb; 49(2):98-103. doi:
10.1046/j.1365-2125.2000.00118.x. [PMID: 10671902] - R Ohashi, I Tamai, H Yabuuchi, J I Nezu, A Oku, Y Sai, M Shimane, A Tsuji. Na(+)-dependent carnitine transport by organic cation transporter (OCTN2): its pharmacological and toxicological relevance.
The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics.
1999 Nov; 291(2):778-84. doi:
. [PMID: 10525100] - S Vangani, B P Udwadia, M Dash, K Ravikumar, R Shivprakash. Simplified reversed-phase LC method with spectrophotometric detection for estimation of sparfloxacin in human plasma.
Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.
1999 Oct; 21(1):227-32. doi:
10.1016/s0731-7085(99)00138-7. [PMID: 10701932] - J Morganroth, T Hunt, M B Dorr, D Magner, G H Talbot. The effect of terfenadine on the cardiac pharmacodynamics of sparfloxacin.
Clinical therapeutics.
1999 Sep; 21(9):1514-24. doi:
10.1016/s0149-2918(00)80006-5. [PMID: 10509846] - M Kamberi, P Kamberi, N Hajime, N Uemura, K Nakamura, S Nakano. Determination of sparfloxacin in plasma and urine by a simple and rapid liquid chromatographic method.
Therapeutic drug monitoring.
1999 Aug; 21(4):411-5. doi:
10.1097/00007691-199908000-00005. [PMID: 10442694] - M B Dorr, R D Johnson, B Jensen, D Magner, T Marbury, G H Talbot. Pharmacokinetics of sparfloxacin in patients with renal impairment.
Clinical therapeutics.
1999 Jul; 21(7):1202-15. doi:
10.1016/s0149-2918(00)80023-5. [PMID: 10463518] - J Morganroth, T Hunt, M B Dorr, D Magner, G H Talbot. The cardiac pharmacodynamics of therapeutic doses of sparfloxacin.
Clinical therapeutics.
1999 Jul; 21(7):1171-81. doi:
10.1016/s0149-2918(00)80020-x. [PMID: 10463515] - R D Johnson, M B Dorr, T L Hunt, B K Jensen, G H Talbot. Effects of food on the pharmacokinetics of sparfloxacin.
Clinical therapeutics.
1999 Jun; 21(6):982-91. doi:
10.1016/s0149-2918(99)80019-8. [PMID: 10440622] - D C Henry, R C Nenad, A Iravani, A D Tice, D L Mansfield, D J Magner, M B Dorr, G H Talbot. Comparison of sparfloxacin and ciprofloxacin in the treatment of community-acquired acute uncomplicated urinary tract infection in women. Sparfloxacin Multicenter Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection Study Group.
Clinical therapeutics.
1999 Jun; 21(6):966-81. doi:
10.1016/s0149-2918(99)80018-6. [PMID: 10440621] - M Dowzicky, H Nadler, M B Dorr, A Acusta, G H Talbot. Comparison of the in vitro activity of and pathogen responses to sparfloxacin with those of other agents in the treatment of respiratory tract, urinary tract, and skin and skin-structure infections.
Clinical therapeutics.
1999 May; 21(5):790-805; discussion 789. doi:
10.1016/s0149-2918(99)80002-2. [PMID: 10397375] - J Morganroth, G H Talbot, M B Dorr, R D Johnson, W Geary, D Magner. Effect of single ascending, supratherapeutic doses of sparfloxacin on cardiac repolarization (QTc interval).
Clinical therapeutics.
1999 May; 21(5):818-28. doi:
10.1016/s0149-2918(99)80004-6. [PMID: 10397377] - Y Fangtian, Z Tieli, J Linpei, Z Huichun, W Shubin. Observations on photochemical fluorescence enhancement of the terbium(III)-sparfloxacin system.
Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy.
1999 May; 55A(5):1119-25. doi:
10.1016/s1386-1425(99)00004-9. [PMID: 10347903] - J Gómez-Martínez, F Marco, J Mensa, M Espasa, J A Martínez, M T Jiménez de Anta. [In vitro activity of fluoroquinolones and oral beta lactam antibiotics against clinical isolates of Escherichia coli].
Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia.
1999 Mar; 12(1):54-7. doi:
. [PMID: 10209063] - M Kamberi, K Tsutsumi, T Kotegawa, K Kawano, K Nakamura, Y Niki, S Nakano. Influences of urinary pH on ciprofloxacin pharmacokinetics in humans and antimicrobial activity in vitro versus those of sparfloxacin.
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy.
1999 Mar; 43(3):525-9. doi:
10.1128/aac.43.3.525. [PMID: 10049262] - R D Johnson, M B Dorr, T L Hunt, S Conway, G H Talbot. Pharmacokinetic interaction of sparfloxacin and digoxin.
Clinical therapeutics.
1999 Feb; 21(2):368-79. doi:
10.1016/s0149-2918(00)88293-4. [PMID: 10211539] - H Dabernat. The bactericidal activity of levofloxacin against ampicillin-resistant and ampicillin-susceptible Haemophilus influenzae in comparison with ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and sparfloxacin.
International journal of antimicrobial agents.
1999 Feb; 11(2):139-43. doi:
10.1016/s0924-8579(98)00089-2. [PMID: 10221417] - F J Schmitz, A C Fluit, M Lückefahr, B Engler, B Hofmann, J Verhoef, H P Heinz, U Hadding, M E Jones. The effect of reserpine, an inhibitor of multidrug efflux pumps, on the in-vitro activities of ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin and moxifloxacin against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus.
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy.
1998 Dec; 42(6):807-10. doi:
10.1093/jac/42.6.807. [PMID: 10052906] - R D Johnson, M B Dorr, G H Talbot, G Caille. Effect of Maalox on the oral absorption of sparfloxacin.
Clinical therapeutics.
1998 Nov; 20(6):1149-58. doi:
10.1016/s0149-2918(98)80110-0. [PMID: 9916608]