NCBI Taxonomy: 34190

Hemerocallis fulva (ncbi_taxid: 34190)

found 363 associated metabolites at species taxonomy rank level.

Ancestor: Hemerocallis

Child Taxonomies: Hemerocallis fulva var. kwanso, Hemerocallis fulva var. littorea, Hemerocallis fulva var. aurantiaca, Hemerocallis fulva var. angustifolia

Adenosine

(2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol

C10H13N5O4 (267.09674980000005)


Adenosine is a ribonucleoside composed of a molecule of adenine attached to a ribofuranose moiety via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. It has a role as an anti-arrhythmia drug, a vasodilator agent, an analgesic, a human metabolite and a fundamental metabolite. It is a purines D-ribonucleoside and a member of adenosines. It is functionally related to an adenine. The structure of adenosine was first described in 1931, though the vasodilating effects were not described in literature until the 1940s. Adenosine is indicated as an adjunct to thallium-201 in myocardial perfusion scintigraphy, though it is rarely used in this indication, having largely been replaced by [dipyridamole] and [regadenson]. Adenosine is also indicated in the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia. Adenosine was granted FDA approval on 30 October 1989. Adenosine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Adenosine is an Adenosine Receptor Agonist. The mechanism of action of adenosine is as an Adenosine Receptor Agonist. Adenosine is a natural product found in Smilax bracteata, Mikania laevigata, and other organisms with data available. Adenosine is a ribonucleoside comprised of adenine bound to ribose, with vasodilatory, antiarrhythmic and analgesic activities. Phosphorylated forms of adenosine play roles in cellular energy transfer, signal transduction and the synthesis of RNA. Adenosine is a nucleoside that is composed of adenine and d-ribose. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. For instance, adenosine plays an important role in energy transfer - as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). It also plays a role in signal transduction as cyclic adenosine monophosphate, cAMP. Adenosine itself is both a neurotransmitter and potent vasodilator. When administered intravenously, adenosine causes transient heart block in the AV node. Because of the effects of adenosine on AV node-dependent supraventricular tachycardia, adenosine is considered a class V antiarrhythmic agent. Adenosine is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A nucleoside that is composed of adenine and d-ribose. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. Adenosine itself is a neurotransmitter. See also: Adenosine; Niacinamide (component of); Adenosine; Glycerin (component of); Adenosine; ginsenosides (component of) ... View More ... Adenosine is a nucleoside that is composed of adenine and D-ribose. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. For instance, adenosine plays an important role in energy transfer as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). It also plays a role in signal transduction as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Adenosine itself is both a neurotransmitter and potent vasodilator. When administered intravenously adenosine causes transient heart block in the AV node. Due to the effects of adenosine on AV node-dependent supraventricular tachycardia, adenosine is considered a class V antiarrhythmic agent. Overdoses of adenosine intake (as a drug) can lead to several side effects including chest pain, feeling faint, shortness of breath, and tingling of the senses. Serious side effects include a worsening dysrhythmia and low blood pressure. When present in sufficiently high levels, adenosine can act as an immunotoxin and a metabotoxin. An immunotoxin disrupts, limits the function, or destroys immune cells. A metabotoxin is an endogenous metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of adenosine are associated with adenosine deaminase deficiency. Adenosine is a precursor to deoxyadenosine, which is a precursor to dATP. A buildup of dATP in cells inhibits ribonucleotide reductase and prevents DNA synthesis, so cells are unable to divide. Since developing T cells and B cells are some of the most mitotically active cells, they are unable to divide and propagate to respond to immune challenges. High levels of deoxyadenosine also lead to an increase in S-adenosylhomocysteine, which is toxic to immature lymphocytes. Adenosine is a nucleoside composed of a molecule of adenine attached to a ribose sugar molecule (ribofuranose) moiety via a beta-N9-glycosidic bond. [Wikipedia]. Adenosine is found in many foods, some of which are borage, japanese persimmon, nuts, and barley. COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank, COVID-19 Disease Map, clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials A ribonucleoside composed of a molecule of adenine attached to a ribofuranose moiety via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. Adenosine. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=58-61-7 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 58-61-7). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation[1][2]. Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation[1][2]. Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation[1][2].

   

Isoquercitrin

2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)-4H-chromen-4-one

C21H20O12 (464.09547200000003)


Quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside is a quercetin O-glucoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-glucosyl residue attached at position 3. Isolated from Lepisorus contortus, it exhibits antineoplastic activityand has been found to decrease the rate of polymerization and sickling of red blood cells It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, a plant metabolite, a bone density conservation agent, an osteogenesis regulator, an antioxidant, a histamine antagonist, an antipruritic drug and a geroprotector. It is a quercetin O-glucoside, a tetrahydroxyflavone, a beta-D-glucoside and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a beta-D-glucose. It is a conjugate acid of a quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside(1-). Isoquercetin has been used in trials studying the treatment of Kidney Cancer, Renal cell carcinoma, Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma, Thromboembolism of Vein in Pancreatic Cancer, and Thromboembolism of Vein VTE in Colorectal Cancer, among others. Isoquercitrin is a natural product found in Ficus auriculata, Lotus ucrainicus, and other organisms with data available. Isoquercetin is an orally bioavailable, glucoside derivative of the flavonoid quercetin and protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) inhibitor, with antioxidant and potential antithrombotic activity. As an antioxidant, isoquercetin scavenges free radicals and inhibits oxidative damage to cells. As a PDI inhibitor, this agent blocks PDI-mediated platelet activation, and fibrin generation, which prevents thrombus formation after vascular injury. In addition, isoquercetin is an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor. PDI, an oxidoreductase secreted by activated endothelial cells and platelets, plays a key role in the initiation of the coagulation cascade. Cancer, in addition to other thrombotic disorders, increases the risk of thrombus formation. Isoquercitrin is found in alcoholic beverages. Isoquercitrin occurs widely in plants. Isoquercitrin is present in red wine.Isoquercitin can be isolated from mangoes and from Rheum nobile, the Noble rhubarb or Sikkim rhubarb, a giant herbaceous plant native to the Himalaya. Quercetin glycosides are also present in tea. (Wikipedia A quercetin O-glucoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-glucosyl residue attached at position 3. Isolated from Lepisorus contortus, it exhibits antineoplastic activityand has been found to decrease the rate of polymerization and sickling of red blood cells [Raw Data] CB053_Isoquercitrin_pos_10eV_CB000025.txt [Raw Data] CB053_Isoquercitrin_pos_30eV_CB000025.txt [Raw Data] CB053_Isoquercitrin_pos_50eV_CB000025.txt [Raw Data] CB053_Isoquercitrin_pos_40eV_CB000025.txt [Raw Data] CB053_Isoquercitrin_pos_20eV_CB000025.txt [Raw Data] CB053_Isoquercitrin_neg_40eV_000017.txt [Raw Data] CB053_Isoquercitrin_neg_20eV_000017.txt [Raw Data] CB053_Isoquercitrin_neg_50eV_000017.txt [Raw Data] CB053_Isoquercitrin_neg_30eV_000017.txt [Raw Data] CB053_Isoquercitrin_neg_10eV_000017.txt Quercetin 3-glucoside. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=482-35-9 (retrieved 2024-07-09) (CAS RN: 482-35-9). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Isoquercetin (Quercetin 3-glucoside) is a naturally occurring polyphenol that has antioxidant, anti-proliferative, and anti-inflammatory properties. Isoquercetin alleviates ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses via the Nrf2/ARE antioxidant signaling pathway[1]. Isoquercetin regulates the expression of nitric oxide synthase 2 (NO2) via modulating the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) transcription regulation system. Isoquercetin has high bioavailability and low toxicity, is a promising candidate agent to prevent birth defects in diabetic pregnancies[2]. Isoquercetin (Quercetin 3-glucoside) is a naturally occurring polyphenol that has antioxidant, anti-proliferative, and anti-inflammatory properties. Isoquercetin alleviates ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses via the Nrf2/ARE antioxidant signaling pathway[1]. Isoquercetin regulates the expression of nitric oxide synthase 2 (NO2) via modulating the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) transcription regulation system. Isoquercetin has high bioavailability and low toxicity, is a promising candidate agent to prevent birth defects in diabetic pregnancies[2]. Isoquercitrin (Isoquercitroside) is an effective antioxidant and an eosinophilic inflammation suppressor. Isoquercitrin (Isoquercitroside) is an effective antioxidant and an eosinophilic inflammation suppressor.

   

beta-Sitosterol

(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-((2R,5R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol

C29H50O (414.386145)


beta-Sitosterol, a main dietary phytosterol found in plants, may have the potential for prevention and therapy for human cancer. Phytosterols are plant sterols found in foods such as oils, nuts, and vegetables. Phytosterols, in the same way as cholesterol, contain a double bond and are susceptible to oxidation, and are characterized by anti-carcinogenic and anti-atherogenic properties (PMID:13129445, 11432711). beta-Sitosterol is a phytopharmacological extract containing a mixture of phytosterols, with smaller amounts of other sterols, bonded with glucosides. These phytosterols are commonly derived from the South African star grass, Hypoxis rooperi, or from species of Pinus and Picea. The purported active constituent is termed beta-sitosterol. Additionally, the quantity of beta-sitosterol-beta-D-glucoside is often reported. Although the exact mechanism of action of beta-sitosterols is unknown, it may be related to cholesterol metabolism or anti-inflammatory effects (via interference with prostaglandin metabolism). Compared with placebo, beta-sitosterol improved urinary symptom scores and flow measures (PMID:10368239). A plant food-based diet modifies the serum beta-sitosterol concentration in hyperandrogenic postmenopausal women. This finding indicates that beta-sitosterol can be used as a biomarker of exposure in observational studies or as a compliance indicator in dietary intervention studies of cancer prevention (PMID:14652381). beta-Sitosterol induces apoptosis and activates key caspases in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells (PMID:12579296). Sitosterol is a member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. It has a role as a sterol methyltransferase inhibitor, an anticholesteremic drug, an antioxidant, a plant metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a 3beta-sterol, a stigmastane sterol, a 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid, a C29-steroid and a member of phytosterols. It derives from a hydride of a stigmastane. Active fraction of Solanum trilobatum; reduces side-effects of radiation-induced toxicity. Beta-Sitosterol is a natural product found in Elodea canadensis, Ophiopogon intermedius, and other organisms with data available. beta-Sitosterol is one of several phytosterols (plant sterols) with chemical structures similar to that of cholesterol. Sitosterols are white, waxy powders with a characteristic odor. They are hydrophobic and soluble in alcohols. beta-Sitosterol is found in many foods, some of which are ginseng, globe artichoke, sesbania flower, and common oregano. C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28178 - Phytosterol > C68437 - Unsaturated Phytosterol D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1]. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1].

   

Friedelin

3(2H)-PICENONE, EICOSAHYDRO-4,4A,6B,8A,11,11,12B,14A-OCTAMETHYL-, (4R-(4.ALPHA.,4A.ALPHA.,6A.BETA.,6B.ALPHA.,8A.ALPHA.,12A.ALPHA.,12B.BETA.,14A.ALPHA.,14B.BETA.))-

C30H50O (426.386145)


Friedelin is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is perhydropicene which is substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and by methyl groups at the 4, 4a, 6b, 8a, 11, 11, 12b, and 14a-positions (the 4R,4aS,6aS,6bR,8aR,12aR,12bS,14aS,14bS-enantiomer). It is the major triterpenoid constituent of cork. It has a role as an anti-inflammatory drug, a non-narcotic analgesic, an antipyretic and a plant metabolite. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a cyclic terpene ketone. Friedelin is a natural product found in Diospyros eriantha, Salacia chinensis, and other organisms with data available. A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is perhydropicene which is substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and by methyl groups at the 4, 4a, 6b, 8a, 11, 11, 12b, and 14a-positions (the 4R,4aS,6aS,6bR,8aR,12aR,12bS,14aS,14bS-enantiomer). It is the major triterpenoid constituent of cork. Friedelin is a member of the class of compounds known as triterpenoids. Triterpenoids are terpene molecules containing six isoprene units. Friedelin is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Friedelin can be found in a number of food items such as pomegranate, sugar apple, apple, and mammee apple, which makes friedelin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Friedelin is a triterpenoid chemical compound found in Azima tetracantha, Orostachys japonica, and Quercus stenophylla. Friedelin is also found in the roots of the Cannabis plant .

   

beta-Carotene

1,3,3-trimethyl-2-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]cyclohex-1-ene

C40H56 (536.4381776)


Beta-carotene is a cyclic carotene obtained by dimerisation of all-trans-retinol. A strongly-coloured red-orange pigment abundant in plants and fruit and the most active and important provitamin A carotenoid. It has a role as a biological pigment, a provitamin A, a plant metabolite, a human metabolite, a mouse metabolite, a cofactor, a ferroptosis inhibitor and an antioxidant. It is a cyclic carotene and a carotenoid beta-end derivative. Beta-carotene, with the molecular formula C40H56, belongs to the group of carotenoids consisting of isoprene units. The presence of long chains of conjugated double bonds donates beta-carotene with specific colors. It is the most abundant form of carotenoid and it is a precursor of the vitamin A. Beta-carotene is composed of two retinyl groups. It is an antioxidant that can be found in yellow, orange and green leafy vegetables and fruits. Under the FDA, beta-carotene is considered as a generally recognized as safe substance (GRAS). Beta-Carotene is a natural product found in Epicoccum nigrum, Lonicera japonica, and other organisms with data available. Beta-Carotene is a naturally-occurring retinol (vitamin A) precursor obtained from certain fruits and vegetables with potential antineoplastic and chemopreventive activities. As an anti-oxidant, beta carotene inhibits free-radical damage to DNA. This agent also induces cell differentiation and apoptosis of some tumor cell types, particularly in early stages of tumorigenesis, and enhances immune system activity by stimulating the release of natural killer cells, lymphocytes, and monocytes. (NCI04) beta-Carotene is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC). See also: Lycopene (part of); Broccoli (part of); Lycium barbarum fruit (part of). Beta-Carotene belongs to the class of organic compounds known as carotenes. These are a type of polyunsaturated hydrocarbon molecules containing eight consecutive isoprene units. Carotenes are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Beta-carotene is therefore considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Beta-carotene is a strongly coloured red-orange pigment abundant in fungi, plants, and fruits. It is synthesized biochemically from eight isoprene units and therefore has 40 carbons. Among the carotenes, beta-carotene is distinguished by having beta-rings at both ends of the molecule. Beta-Carotene is biosynthesized from geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate. It is the most common form of carotene in plants. In nature, Beta-carotene is a precursor (inactive form) to vitamin A. Vitamin A is produed via the action of beta-carotene 15,15-monooxygenase on carotenes. In mammals, carotenoid absorption is restricted to the duodenum of the small intestine and dependent on a class B scavenger receptor (SR-B1) membrane protein, which is also responsible for the absorption of vitamin E. One molecule of beta-carotene can be cleaved by the intestinal enzyme Beta-Beta-carotene 15,15-monooxygenase into two molecules of vitamin A. Beta-Carotene contributes to the orange color of many different fruits and vegetables. Vietnamese gac and crude palm oil are particularly rich sources, as are yellow and orange fruits, such as cantaloupe, mangoes, pumpkin, and papayas, and orange root vegetables such as carrots and sweet potatoes. Excess beta-carotene is predominantly stored in the fat tissues of the body. The most common side effect of excessive beta-carotene consumption is carotenodermia, a physically harmless condition that presents as a conspicuous orange skin tint arising from deposition of the carotenoid in the outermost layer of the epidermis. Yellow food colour, dietary supplement, nutrient, Vitamin A precursor. Nutriceutical with antioxidation props. beta-Carotene is found in many foods, some of which are summer savory, gram bean, sunburst squash (pattypan squash), and other bread product. A cyclic carotene obtained by dimerisation of all-trans-retinol. A strongly-coloured red-orange pigment abundant in plants and fruit and the most active and important provitamin A carotenoid. D - Dermatologicals > D02 - Emollients and protectives > D02B - Protectives against uv-radiation > D02BB - Protectives against uv-radiation for systemic use A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A11 - Vitamins > A11C - Vitamin a and d, incl. combinations of the two > A11CA - Vitamin a, plain D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins > D000072664 - Provitamins

   

beta-Cryptoxanthin

(1R)-3,5,5-trimethyl-4-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]cyclohex-3-en-1-ol

C40H56O (552.4330926)


beta-Cryptoxanthin has been isolated from abalone, fish eggs, and many higher plants. beta-Cryptoxanthin is a major source of vitamin A, often second only to beta-carotene, and is present in fruits such as oranges, tangerines, and papayas (PMID: 8554331). Frequent intake of tropical fruits that are rich in beta-cryptoxanthin is associated with higher plasma beta-cryptoxanthin concentrations in Costa Rican adolescents. Papaya intake was the best food predictor of plasma beta-cryptoxanthin concentrations. Subjects that frequently consumed (i.e. greater or equal to 3 times/day) tropical fruits with at least 50 micro g/100 g beta-cryptoxanthin (e.g. papaya, tangerine, orange, watermelon) had twofold the plasma beta-cryptoxanthin concentrations of those with intakes of less than 4 times/week (PMID: 12368412). A modest increase in beta-cryptoxanthin intake, equivalent to one glass of freshly squeezed orange juice per day, is associated with a reduced risk of developing inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis (PMID: 16087992). Higher prediagnostic serum levels of total carotenoids and beta-cryptoxanthin were associated with lower smoking-related lung cancer risk in middle-aged and older men in Shanghai, China (PMID: 11440962). Consistent with inhibition of the lung cancer cell growth, beta-cryptoxanthin induced the mRNA levels of retinoic acid receptor beta (RAR-beta) in BEAS-2B cells, although this effect was less pronounced in A549 cells. Furthermore, beta-cryptoxanthin transactivated the RAR-mediated transcription activity of the retinoic acid response element. These findings suggest a mechanism of anti-proliferative action of beta-cryptoxanthin and indicate that beta-cryptoxanthin may be a promising chemopreventive agent against lung cancer (PMID: 16841329). Cryptoxanthin is a natural carotenoid pigment. It has been isolated from a variety of sources including the petals and flowers of plants in the genus Physalis, orange rind, papaya, egg yolk, butter, apples, and bovine blood serum. In a pure form, cryptoxanthin is a red crystalline solid with a metallic lustre. It is freely soluble in chloroform, benzene, pyridine, and carbon disulfide. In the human body, cryptoxanthin is converted into vitamin A (retinol) and is therefore considered a provitamin A. As with other carotenoids, cryptoxanthin is an antioxidant and may help prevent free radical damage to cells and DNA, as well as stimulate the repair of oxidative damage to DNA. Structurally, cryptoxanthin is closely related to beta-carotene, with only the addition of a hydroxyl group. It is a member of the class of carotenoids known as xanthophylls. Beta-cryptoxanthin is a carotenol that exhibits antioxidant activity. It has been isolated from fruits such as papaya and oranges. It has a role as a provitamin A, an antioxidant, a biomarker and a plant metabolite. It derives from a hydride of a beta-carotene. beta-Cryptoxanthin is a natural product found in Hibiscus syriacus, Cladonia gracilis, and other organisms with data available. A mono-hydroxylated xanthophyll that is a provitamin A precursor. See also: Corn (part of). A carotenol that exhibits antioxidant activity. It has been isolated from fruits such as papaya and oranges. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins > D000072664 - Provitamins Cryptoxanthin. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=472-70-8 (retrieved 2024-10-31) (CAS RN: 472-70-8). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

   

Zeaxanthin

(1R)-4-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-18-[(4R)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-ol

C40H56O2 (568.4280076)


Zeaxanthin is a carotenoid xanthophyll and is one of the most common carotenoid found in nature. It is the pigment that gives corn, saffron, and many other plants their characteristic color. Zeaxanthin breaks down to form picrocrocin and safranal, which are responsible for the taste and aroma of saffron Carotenoids are among the most common pigments in nature and are natural lipid soluble antioxidants. Zeaxanthin is one of the two carotenoids (the other is lutein) that accumulate in the eye lens and macular region of the retina with concentrations in the macula greater than those found in plasma and other tissues. Lutein and zeaxanthin have identical chemical formulas and are isomers, but they are not stereoisomers. The main difference between them is in the location of a double bond in one of the end rings. This difference gives lutein three chiral centers whereas zeaxanthin has two. A relationship between macular pigment optical density, a marker of lutein and zeaxanthin concentration in the macula, and lens optical density, an antecedent of cataractous changes, has been suggested. The xanthophylls may act to protect the eye from ultraviolet phototoxicity via quenching reactive oxygen species and/or other mechanisms. Some observational studies have shown that generous intakes of lutein and zeaxanthin, particularly from certain xanthophyll-rich foods like spinach, broccoli and eggs, are associated with a significant reduction in the risk for cataract (up to 20\\%) and for age-related macular degeneration (up to 40\\%). While the pathophysiology of cataract and age-related macular degeneration is complex and contains both environmental and genetic components, research studies suggest dietary factors including antioxidant vitamins and xanthophylls may contribute to a reduction in the risk of these degenerative eye diseases. Further research is necessary to confirm these observations. (PMID: 11023002). Zeaxanthin has been found to be a microbial metabolite, it can be produced by Algibacter, Aquibacter, Escherichia, Flavobacterium, Formosa, Gramella, Hyunsoonleella, Kordia, Mesoflavibacter, Muricauda, Nubsella, Paracoccus, Siansivirga, Sphingomonas, Zeaxanthinibacter and yeast (https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S0924224417302571?token=DE6BC6CC7DCDEA6150497AA3E375097A00F8E0C12AE03A8E420D85D1AC8855E62103143B5AE0B57E9C5828671F226801). It is a marker for the activity of Bacillus subtilis and/or Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the intestine. Higher levels are associated with higher levels of Bacillus or Pseudomonas. (PMID: 17555270; PMID: 12147474) Zeaxanthin is a carotenol. It has a role as a bacterial metabolite, a cofactor and an antioxidant. It derives from a hydride of a beta-carotene. Zeaxanthin is a most common carotenoid alcohols found in nature that is involved in the xanthophyll cycle. As a coexistent isomer of lutein, zeaxanthin is synthesized in plants and some micro-organisms. It gives the distinct yellow color to many vegetables and other plants including paprika, corn, saffron and wolfberries. Zeaxanthin is one of the two primary xanthophyll carotenoids contained within the retina of the eye and plays a predominant component in the central macula. It is available as a dietary supplement for eye health benefits and potential prevention of age-related macular degeneration. Zeaxanthin is also added as a food dye. Zeaxanthin is a natural product found in Bangia fuscopurpurea, Erythrobacter longus, and other organisms with data available. Carotenoids found in fruits and vegetables. Zeaxanthin accumulates in the MACULA LUTEA. See also: Saffron (part of); Corn (part of); Lycium barbarum fruit (part of). D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids

   

alpha-Tocopherol

2H-1-Benzopyran-6-ol, 3,4-dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-, (2R*(4R*,8R*))-(+-)-

C29H50O2 (430.38106)


Alpha-tocopherol is a pale yellow, viscous liquid. (NTP, 1992) (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol is an alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils. It has a role as an antioxidant, a nutraceutical, an antiatherogenic agent, an EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor, an anticoagulant, an immunomodulator, an antiviral agent, a micronutrient, an algal metabolite and a plant metabolite. It is an enantiomer of a (S,S,S)-alpha-tocopherol. In 1922, vitamin E was demonstrated to be an essential nutrient. Vitamin E is a term used to describe 8 different fat soluble tocopherols and tocotrienols, alpha-tocopherol being the most biologically active. Vitamin E acts as an antioxidant, protecting cell membranes from oxidative damage. The antioxidant effects are currently being researched for use in the treatment of diseases causing bone loss, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus and associated comorbidities, eye diseases, inflammatory diseases (including skin conditions), lipid disorders, neurological diseases, and radiation damage. Though this research is so far inconclusive, vitamin E remains a popular supplement and is generally considered safe by the FDA. Vitamin E is a natural product found in Monteverdia ilicifolia, Calea jamaicensis, and other organisms with data available. Alpha-Tocopherol is the orally bioavailable alpha form of the naturally-occurring fat-soluble vitamin E, with potent antioxidant and cytoprotective activities. Upon administration, alpha-tocopherol neutralizes free radicals, thereby protecting tissues and organs from oxidative damage. Alpha-tocopherol gets incorporated into biological membranes, prevents protein oxidation and inhibits lipid peroxidation, thereby maintaining cell membrane integrity and protecting the cell against damage. In addition, alpha-tocopherol inhibits the activity of protein kinase C (PKC) and PKC-mediated pathways. Alpha-tocopherol also modulates the expression of various genes, plays a key role in neurological function, inhibits platelet aggregation and enhances vasodilation. Compared with other forms of tocopherol, alpha-tocopherol is the most biologically active form and is the form that is preferentially absorbed and retained in the body. A generic descriptor for all tocopherols and tocotrienols that exhibit alpha-tocopherol activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of isoprenoids. See also: Alpha-Tocopherol Acetate (is active moiety of); Tocopherol (related); Vitamin E (related) ... View More ... alpha-Tocopherol is traditionally recognized as the most active form of vitamin E in humans and is a powerful biological antioxidant. The measurement of "vitamin E" activity in international units (IU) was based on fertility enhancement by the prevention of spontaneous abortions in pregnant rats relative to alpha-Tocopherol. Natural vitamin E exists in eight different forms or isomers: four tocopherols and four tocotrienols. In foods, the most abundant sources of vitamin E are vegetable oils such as palm oil, sunflower, corn, soybean, and olive oil. Nuts, sunflower seeds, and wheat germ are also good sources. Constituent of many vegetable oils such as soya and sunflower oils. Dietary supplement and nutrient. Nutriceutical with anticancer and antioxidant props. Added to fats and oils to prevent rancidity. The naturally-occurring tocopherol is a single stereoisomer; synthetic forms are a mixture of all eight possible isomers An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils. α-Tocopherol (alpha-tocopherol) is a type of vitamin E. Its E number is "E307". Vitamin E exists in eight different forms, four tocopherols and four tocotrienols. All feature a chromane ring, with a hydroxyl group that can donate a hydrogen atom to reduce free radicals and a hydrophobic side chain which allows for penetration into biological membranes. Compared to the others, α-tocopherol is preferentially absorbed and accumulated in humans. Vitamin E is found in a variety of tissues, being lipid-soluble, and taken up by the body in a wide variety of ways. The most prevalent form, α-tocopherol, is involved in molecular, cellular, biochemical processes closely related to overall lipoprotein and lipid homeostasis. Ongoing research is believed to be "critical for manipulation of vitamin E homeostasis in a variety of oxidative stress-related disease conditions in humans."[2] One of these disease conditions is the α-tocopherol role in the use by malaria parasites to protect themselves from the highly oxidative environment in erythrocytes.[3] DL-α-Tocopherol. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=16826-11-2 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 10191-41-0). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). DL-alpha-Tocopherol is a synthetic vitamin E, with antioxidation effect. DL-alpha-Tocopherol protects human skin fibroblasts against the cytotoxic effect of UVB[1]. DL-alpha-Tocopherol is a synthetic vitamin E, with antioxidation effect. DL-alpha-Tocopherol protects human skin fibroblasts against the cytotoxic effect of UVB[1]. rel-α-Vitamin E (rel-D-α-Tocopherol) is a vitamin with antioxidant properties and also a mixture[1]. α-Vitamin E ((+)-α-Tocopherol), a naturally occurring vitamin E form, is a potent antioxidant[1][2]. α-Vitamin E ((+)-α-Tocopherol), a naturally occurring vitamin E form, is a potent antioxidant[1][2].

   

Rhein

4,5-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-2-carboxylic acid

C15H8O6 (284.0320868)


Rhein appears as yellow needles (from methanol) or yellow-brown powder. (NTP, 1992) Rhein is a dihydroxyanthraquinone. Rhein is an anthraquinone metabolite of rheinanthrone and senna glycoside is present in many medicinal plants including Rheum palmatum, Cassia tora, Polygonum multiflorum, and Aloe barbadensis. It is known to have hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and several other protective effects. Rhein is a natural product found in Cassia renigera, Rheum compactum, and other organisms with data available. Present in Rheum palmatum (Chinese rhubarb). Rhein is found in dock, green vegetables, and garden rhubarb. Rhein is found in dock. Rhein is present in Rheum palmatum (Chinese rhubarb D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors KEIO_ID R037

   

Choline

(2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylazanium

[C5H14NO]+ (104.10753340000001)


Choline is a basic constituent of lecithin that is found in many plants and animal organs. It is important as a precursor of acetylcholine, as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes, and in lipid metabolism. Choline is now considered to be an essential vitamin. While humans can synthesize small amounts (by converting phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine), it must be consumed in the diet to maintain health. Required levels are between 425 mg/day (female) and 550 mg/day (male). Milk, eggs, liver, and peanuts are especially rich in choline. Most choline is found in phospholipids, namely phosphatidylcholine or lecithin. Choline can be oxidized to form betaine, which is a methyl source for many reactions (i.e. conversion of homocysteine into methionine). Lack of sufficient amounts of choline in the diet can lead to a fatty liver condition and general liver damage. This arises from the lack of VLDL, which is necessary to transport fats away from the liver. Choline deficiency also leads to elevated serum levels of alanine amino transferase and is associated with increased incidence of liver cancer. Nutritional supplement. Occurs free and combined in many animal and vegetable foods with highest concentrations found in egg yolk, meat, fish, milk, cereaks and legumes Choline. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=62-49-7 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 62-49-7). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

   

Chrysophanol

1,8-DIHYDROXY-3-METHYL-9,10-DIHYDROANTHRACENE-9,10-DIONE

C15H10O4 (254.057906)


Chrysophanic acid appears as golden yellow plates or brown powder. Melting point 196 °C. Slightly soluble in water. Pale yellow aqueous solutions turn red on addition of alkali. Solutions in concentrated sulfuric acid are red. (NTP, 1992) Chrysophanol is a trihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin with a methyl substituent at C-3. It has been isolated from Aloe vera and exhibits antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity. It has a role as an antiviral agent, an anti-inflammatory agent and a plant metabolite. It is functionally related to a chrysazin. Chrysophanol is a natural product found in Rumex dentatus, Ageratina altissima, and other organisms with data available. See also: Frangula purshiana Bark (part of). A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin with a methyl substituent at C-3. It has been isolated from Aloe vera and exhibits antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity. Constituent of Rumex, Rheum subspecies Chrysophanol is found in dock, garden rhubarb, and sorrel. Chrysophanol is found in dock. Chrysophanol is a constituent of Rumex, Rheum species D009676 - Noxae > D009153 - Mutagens Chrysophanol (Chrysophanic acid) is a natural anthraquinone, which inhibits EGF-induced phosphorylation of EGFR and suppresses activation of AKT and mTOR/p70S6K. Chrysophanol (Chrysophanic acid) is a natural anthraquinone, which inhibits EGF-induced phosphorylation of EGFR and suppresses activation of AKT and mTOR/p70S6K.

   

Neoxanthin

(1R,3S)-6-[(1M,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15Z,17E)-18-[(1S,4S,6R)-4-hydroxy-2,2,6-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-ylidene]-1,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane-1,3-diol

C40H56O4 (600.4178376)


Neoxanthin belongs to the class of organic compounds known as xanthophylls. These are carotenoids containing an oxygenated carotene backbone. Carotenes are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Xanthophylls arise by oxygenation of the carotene backbone. Neoxanthin is an intermediate in the synthesis of abscisic acid from violaxanthin. Neoxanthin has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as apples, paprikas, Valencia oranges, kiwis, globe artichokes, sparkleberries, hard wheat, and cinnamon. This could make neoxanthin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Neoxanthin has been shown to exhibit apoptotic and anti-proliferative functions (PMID: 15333710, 15333710). Neoxanthin is a carotenoid and xanthophyll. In plants, it is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone abscisic acid. It is produced from violaxanthin by the action of neoxanthin synthase. It is a major xanthophyll found in green leafy vegetables such as spinach. [Wikipedia] D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids

   

Violaxanthin

(1R,3S,6S)-6-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-18-[(1S,4S,6R)-4-hydroxy-2,2,6-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-1,5,5-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-3-ol

C40H56O4 (600.4178376)


Violaxanthin belongs to the class of organic compounds known as xanthophylls. These are carotenoids containing an oxygenated carotene backbone. Carotenes are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Xanthophylls arise by oxygenation of the carotene backbone. Thus, violaxanthin is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Violaxanthin is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. Violaxanthin is an orange-coloured pigment that is found in brown algae and various plants (e.g. pansies). It is biosynthesized from the epoxidation of zeaxanthin. Violaxanthin is a food additive that is only approved for use in Australia and New Zealand (INS: 161e) (PMID: 29890662). 3 (violaxanthin, zeaxanthin and antheraxanthin) participate in series of photo-induced interconversions known as violaxanthin cycle; Xanthophyll; a carotene epoxide that is precursor to capsanthin; cleavage of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoids (violaxanthin) to xanthoxin, catalyzed by 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase, is the key regulatory step of abscisic acid biosynthesis; one of 3 xanthophylls involved in evolution of plastids of green plants (oxygen evolution). (all-E)-Violaxanthin is found in many foods, some of which are orange bell pepper, passion fruit, pepper (c. annuum), and italian sweet red pepper. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids

   

(+)-lariciresinol

4-[(2S,3R,4R)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-2-methoxyphenol

C20H24O6 (360.1572804)


(+)-Lariciresinol belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 7,9-epoxylignans. These are lignans that contain the 7,9-epoxylignan skeleton, which consists of a tetrahydrofuran that carries a phenyl group, a methyl group, and a benzyl group at positons 2, 3 and 4, respectively. (+)-Lariciresinol has been detected in several different foods, such as parsnips, white mustards, narrowleaf cattails, turnips, and common sages. This could make (+)-Lariciresinol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Lariciresinol is also found in sesame seeds, Brassica vegetables, in the bark and wood of white fir (Abies alba). (+)-lariciresinol is a member of the class of compounds known as 7,9-epoxylignans. 7,9-epoxylignans are lignans that contain the 7,9-epoxylignan skeleton, which consists of a tetrahydrofuran that carries a phenyl group, a methyl group, and a benzyl group at the 2-, 3-, 4-position, respectively (+)-lariciresinol is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). (+)-lariciresinol can be found in a number of food items such as pili nut, lemon balm, root vegetables, and parsley, which makes (+)-lariciresinol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

   

1,2,8-Trihydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone

1,2,8-trihydroxy-3-methyl-9,10-dihydroanthracene-9,10-dione

C15H10O5 (270.052821)


1,2,8-Trihydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone is a constituent of the roots of Myrsine africana (Cape myrtle). Constituent of the roots of Myrsine africana (Cape myrtle).

   

Quercetin 3-rutinoside 7-galactoside

2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-3-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-{[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy]methyl}oxan-2-yl)oxy]-4H-chromen-4-one

C33H40O21 (772.206199)


Quercetin 3-rutinoside 7-galactoside is found in cereals and cereal products. Quercetin 3-rutinoside 7-galactoside is isolated from Fagopyrum tataricum (tartary buckwheat). Isolated from Fagopyrum tataricum (tartary buckwheat). Quercetin 3-rutinoside 7-galactoside is found in tartary buckwheat and cereals and cereal products.

   

(2S,4S)-Pinnatanine

2-amino-4-[(Z)-[(1E)-2-ethenyl-3-hydroxyprop-1-en-1-yl]-C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl]-4-hydroxybutanoic acid

C10H16N2O5 (244.1059166)


(2S,4S)-Pinnatanine is found in root vegetables. (2S,4S)-Pinnatanine is a constituent of Hemerocallis fulva (day lily)

   

Oxypinnatanine

2-amino-4-hydroxy-4-[(Z)-[3-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl]-C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl]butanoic acid

C10H16N2O6 (260.1008316)


Oxypinnatanine is found in root vegetables. Oxypinnatanine is a constituent of Hemerocallis fulva (day lily)

   

(-)-alpha-Tocopherol

2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol

C29H50O2 (430.38106)


α-tocopherol is a member of the class of compounds known as tocopherols. Tocopherols are vitamin E derivatives containing a saturated trimethyltridecyl chain attached to the carbon C6 atom of a benzopyran ring system. The differ from tocotrienols that contain an unsaturated trimethyltrideca-3,7,11-trien-1-yl chain. α-tocopherol is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). α-tocopherol can be found in a number of food items such as lime, rowanberry, horseradish tree, and pineappple sage, which makes α-tocopherol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. α-tocopherol is a form of vitamin E that is preferentially absorbed and accumulated in humans. The measurement of "vitamin E" activity in international units (IU) was based on fertility enhancement by the prevention of spontaneous abortions in pregnant rats relative to α-tocopherol .

   

7-Glucosyl-luteolin

2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-4H-chromen-4-one

C21H20O12 (464.09547200000003)


   

9-Arabinofuranosyladenine

2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol

C10H13N5O4 (267.09674980000005)


   

Friedelin

4,4a,6b,8a,11,11,12b,14a-octamethyl-docosahydropicen-3-one

C30H50O (426.386145)


Friedelin is a member of the class of compounds known as triterpenoids. Triterpenoids are terpene molecules containing six isoprene units. Friedelin is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Friedelin can be found in a number of food items such as apple, pear, mammee apple, and sugar apple, which makes friedelin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Friedelin is a triterpenoid chemical compound found in Azima tetracantha, Orostachys japonica, and Quercus stenophylla. Friedelin is also found in the roots of the Cannabis plant .

   

Lariciresinol

4-{4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl}-2-methoxyphenol

C20H24O6 (360.1572804)


(-)-lariciresinol is a member of the class of compounds known as 7,9-epoxylignans. 7,9-epoxylignans are lignans that contain the 7,9-epoxylignan skeleton, which consists of a tetrahydrofuran that carries a phenyl group, a methyl group, and a benzyl group at the 2-, 3-, 4-position, respectively (-)-lariciresinol is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). (-)-lariciresinol can be found in a number of food items such as cassava, acorn, celeriac, and banana, which makes (-)-lariciresinol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

   

Quercetin 3,7-diglucoside

2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-3,7-bis({[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy})-4H-chromen-4-one

C27H30O17 (626.148293)


Quercetin 3,7-diglucoside, also known as quercetin-3,7-O-beta-diglucopyranoside or 3,7-diglucosylquercetin, is a member of the class of compounds known as flavonoid-7-o-glycosides. Flavonoid-7-o-glycosides are phenolic compounds containing a flavonoid moiety which is O-glycosidically linked to carbohydrate moiety at the C7-position. Quercetin 3,7-diglucoside is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Quercetin 3,7-diglucoside can be found in a number of food items such as fenugreek, grape, safflower, and hedge mustard, which makes quercetin 3,7-diglucoside a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

   

Choline

Choline

[C5H14NO]+ (104.10753340000001)


D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents > D008082 - Lipotropic Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018697 - Nootropic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents

   

6-Methylluteolin

2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one

C16H12O6 (300.06338519999997)


   

sitosterol

17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol

C29H50O (414.386145)


A member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28178 - Phytosterol > C68437 - Unsaturated Phytosterol D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1]. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1].

   

Quercetin 3-rutinoside-7-glucoside

2- (3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl) -3- [ 6-O- (alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl) -beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy ] -7- (beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy) -5-hydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one

C33H40O21 (772.206199)


   

Hirsutrin

2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-tetrahydropyranyl]oxy]-4-chromenone

C21H20O12 (464.09547200000003)


COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Isoquercetin (Quercetin 3-glucoside) is a naturally occurring polyphenol that has antioxidant, anti-proliferative, and anti-inflammatory properties. Isoquercetin alleviates ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses via the Nrf2/ARE antioxidant signaling pathway[1]. Isoquercetin regulates the expression of nitric oxide synthase 2 (NO2) via modulating the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) transcription regulation system. Isoquercetin has high bioavailability and low toxicity, is a promising candidate agent to prevent birth defects in diabetic pregnancies[2]. Isoquercetin (Quercetin 3-glucoside) is a naturally occurring polyphenol that has antioxidant, anti-proliferative, and anti-inflammatory properties. Isoquercetin alleviates ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses via the Nrf2/ARE antioxidant signaling pathway[1]. Isoquercetin regulates the expression of nitric oxide synthase 2 (NO2) via modulating the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) transcription regulation system. Isoquercetin has high bioavailability and low toxicity, is a promising candidate agent to prevent birth defects in diabetic pregnancies[2]. Isoquercitrin (Isoquercitroside) is an effective antioxidant and an eosinophilic inflammation suppressor. Isoquercitrin (Isoquercitroside) is an effective antioxidant and an eosinophilic inflammation suppressor.

   

Quercetin 3,7-diglucoside

2- (3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl) -3,7-bis (beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy) -5-hydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one

C27H30O17 (626.148293)


   

Isoquercetin

3,3,4,5,7-Pentahydroxyflavone 3-β-glucoside

C21H20O12 (464.09547200000003)


COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Isoquercetin (Quercetin 3-glucoside) is a naturally occurring polyphenol that has antioxidant, anti-proliferative, and anti-inflammatory properties. Isoquercetin alleviates ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses via the Nrf2/ARE antioxidant signaling pathway[1]. Isoquercetin regulates the expression of nitric oxide synthase 2 (NO2) via modulating the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) transcription regulation system. Isoquercetin has high bioavailability and low toxicity, is a promising candidate agent to prevent birth defects in diabetic pregnancies[2]. Isoquercetin (Quercetin 3-glucoside) is a naturally occurring polyphenol that has antioxidant, anti-proliferative, and anti-inflammatory properties. Isoquercetin alleviates ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses via the Nrf2/ARE antioxidant signaling pathway[1]. Isoquercetin regulates the expression of nitric oxide synthase 2 (NO2) via modulating the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) transcription regulation system. Isoquercetin has high bioavailability and low toxicity, is a promising candidate agent to prevent birth defects in diabetic pregnancies[2]. Isoquercitrin (Isoquercitroside) is an effective antioxidant and an eosinophilic inflammation suppressor. Isoquercitrin (Isoquercitroside) is an effective antioxidant and an eosinophilic inflammation suppressor.

   

4-Hydroxy-L-glutamic acid

2-amino-4-hydroxypentanedioic acid

C5H9NO5 (163.0480704)


An amino dicarboxylic acid that is L-glutamic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4.

   

Neoxanthin

(1R,3S)-6-[(3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-18-[(1S,4S,6R)-4-hydroxy-2,2,6-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenylidene]-1,5,5-trimethyl-cyclohexane-1,3-diol

C40H56O4 (600.4178376)


9-cis-neoxanthin is a neoxanthin in which all of the double bonds have trans geometry except for that at the 9 position, which is cis. It is a 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid and a neoxanthin. Neoxanthin is a natural product found in Hibiscus syriacus, Cladonia rangiferina, and other organisms with data available. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids

   

Kwanzoquinone E

Kwanzoquinone E

C15H10O6 (286.047736)


   

Oxypinnatanine

2-amino-4-hydroxy-4-{[3-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl]carbamoyl}butanoic acid

C10H16N2O6 (260.1008316)


   

Kwanzoquinone G

Kwanzoquinone G

C16H10O6 (298.047736)


   

Lariciresinol

3-Furanmethanol, tetrahydro-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-((4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl)-, (2R-(2alpha,3beta,4beta))-

C20H24O6 (360.1572804)


(+)-lariciresinol is a lignan that is tetrahydrofuran substituted at positions 2, 3 and 4 by 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl, hydroxymethyl and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl groups respectively (the 2S,3R,4R-diastereomer). It has a role as an antifungal agent and a plant metabolite. It is a member of oxolanes, a member of phenols, a lignan, a primary alcohol and an aromatic ether. It is an enantiomer of a (-)-lariciresinol. Lariciresinol is a natural product found in Magnolia kachirachirai, Euterpe oleracea, and other organisms with data available. See also: Acai fruit pulp (part of). A lignan that is tetrahydrofuran substituted at positions 2, 3 and 4 by 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl, hydroxymethyl and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl groups respectively (the 2S,3R,4R-diastereomer). (-)-lariciresinol is a member of the class of compounds known as 7,9-epoxylignans. 7,9-epoxylignans are lignans that contain the 7,9-epoxylignan skeleton, which consists of a tetrahydrofuran that carries a phenyl group, a methyl group, and a benzyl group at the 2-, 3-, 4-position, respectively (-)-lariciresinol is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). (-)-lariciresinol can be found in a number of food items such as ostrich fern, pepper (c. frutescens), ohelo berry, and guava, which makes (-)-lariciresinol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Annotation level-1 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.823 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.820 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.818 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.812

   

Choline

Choline chloride

[C5H14NO]+ (104.10753340000001)


MS2 deconvoluted using MS2Dec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; OEYIOHPDSNJKLS_STSL_0152_Choline_0125fmol_180430_S2_LC02_MS02_80; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. MS2 deconvoluted using CorrDec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents > D008082 - Lipotropic Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018697 - Nootropic Agents IPB_RECORD: 922; CONFIDENCE confident structure D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents

   

Adenosine

Adenosine

C10H13N5O4 (267.09674980000005)


COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank, COVID-19 Disease Map, clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D058905 - Purinergic Agents > D058913 - Purinergic Agonists D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Formula(Parent): C10H13N5O4; Bottle Name:Adenosine; PRIME Parent Name:Adenosine; PRIME in-house No.:0040 R0018, Purines MS2 deconvoluted using MS2Dec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; OIRDTQYFTABQOQ_STSL_0143_Adenosine_0500fmol_180430_S2_LC02_MS02_33; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. MS2 deconvoluted using CorrDec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.113 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.109 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.097 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.096 Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported by the Max-Planck-Society IPB_RECORD: 2621; CONFIDENCE confident structure Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation[1][2]. Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation[1][2]. Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation[1][2].

   

Rhein

2-Anthracenecarboxylic acid, 9,10-dihydro-4,5-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxo-

C15H8O6 (284.0320868)


D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.164 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.166

   

Chrysophanic acid

Chrysophanic acid

C15H10O4 (254.057906)


relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.321 D009676 - Noxae > D009153 - Mutagens relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.322 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.318 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.324 Chrysophanol (Chrysophanic acid) is a natural anthraquinone, which inhibits EGF-induced phosphorylation of EGFR and suppresses activation of AKT and mTOR/p70S6K. Chrysophanol (Chrysophanic acid) is a natural anthraquinone, which inhibits EGF-induced phosphorylation of EGFR and suppresses activation of AKT and mTOR/p70S6K.

   

β-Carotene

1-(1,2,3,4,5-Pentahydroxypent-1-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate

C40H56 (536.4381776)


The novel carbohydrate-derived b-carboline, 1-pentahydroxypentyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-b-carboline-3-carboxylic acid, was identified in fruit- and vegetable-derived products such as juices, jams, and tomato sauces. This compound occurred as two diastereoisomers, a cis isomer (the major compound) and a trans isomer, ranging from undetectable amounts to 6.5 ug/g. Grape, tomato, pineapple, and tropical juices exhibited the highest amount of this alkaloid (up to 3.8 mg/L), whereas apple, banana, and peach juices showed very low or nondetectable levels. This tetrahydro-b-carboline was also found in jams (up to 0.45 ug/g), and a relative high amount was present in tomato concentrate (6.5 ug/g) and sauce (up to 1.8 ug/g). This b-carboline occurred in fruit-derived products as a glycoconjugate from a chemical condensation of d-glucose and l-tryptophan that is highly favored at low pH values and high temperature. Production, processing treatments, and storage of fruit juices and jams can then release this b-carboline. Fruit-derived products and other foods containing this compound might be an exogenous dietary source of this glucose-derived tetrahydro-b-carboline.(PMID: 12137498) [HMDB] Window width to select the precursor ion was 3 Da.; CONE_VOLTAGE is 20 V.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 19HP8024 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan. D - Dermatologicals > D02 - Emollients and protectives > D02B - Protectives against uv-radiation > D02BB - Protectives against uv-radiation for systemic use A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A11 - Vitamins > A11C - Vitamin a and d, incl. combinations of the two > A11CA - Vitamin a, plain D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins > D000072664 - Provitamins Window width to select the precursor ion was 3 Da.; CONE_VOLTAGE is 10 V.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 19HP8024 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan.

   

Violaxanthin

(1S,4S,6R)-1-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-18-[(1S,4S,6R)-4-hydroxy-2,2,6-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]-2,2,6-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-4-ol

C40H56O4 (600.4178376)


D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids Cucurbitachrome 1 is a member of the class of compounds known as xanthophylls. Xanthophylls are carotenoids containing an oxygenated carotene backbone. Carotenes are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Carotenes belonging form a subgroup of the carotenoids family. Xanthophylls arise by oxygenation of the carotene backbone. Cucurbitachrome 1 is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Cucurbitachrome 1 can be found in a number of food items such as italian sweet red pepper, herbs and spices, fruits, and red bell pepper, which makes cucurbitachrome 1 a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. (all-e)-violaxanthin is a member of the class of compounds known as xanthophylls. Xanthophylls are carotenoids containing an oxygenated carotene backbone. Carotenes are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Carotenes belonging form a subgroup of the carotenoids family. Xanthophylls arise by oxygenation of the carotene backbone (all-e)-violaxanthin is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). (all-e)-violaxanthin can be found in a number of food items such as orange bell pepper, green bell pepper, passion fruit, and yellow bell pepper, which makes (all-e)-violaxanthin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

   

Cryptoxanthin

(all-E)-beta-Cryptoxanthin

C40H56O (552.4330926)


Isolated from papaya (Carica papaya) and many other higher plants, also from fish eggs [DFC]. beta-Cryptoxanthin is found in many foods, some of which are smelt, soy yogurt, common carp, and rose hip.

   

Zeaxanthin

(1R)-4-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-18-[(4R)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]-3,5,5-trimethyl-cyclohex-3-en-1-ol

C40H56O2 (568.4280076)


Meso-zeaxanthin (3R,3´S-zeaxanthin) is a xanthophyll carotenoid, as it contains oxygen and hydrocarbons, and is one of the three stereoisomers of zeaxanthin. Of the three stereoisomers, meso-zeaxanthin is the second most abundant in nature after 3R,3´R-zeaxanthin, which is produced by plants and algae. To date, meso-zeaxanthin has been identified in specific tissues of marine organisms and in the macula lutea, also known as the "yellow spot", of the human retina . Meso-zeaxanthin is a member of the class of compounds known as xanthophylls. Xanthophylls are carotenoids containing an oxygenated carotene backbone. Carotenes are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Carotenes belonging form a subgroup of the carotenoids family. Xanthophylls arise by oxygenation of the carotene backbone. Meso-zeaxanthin is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Meso-zeaxanthin can be found in channel catfish, crustaceans, and fishes, which makes meso-zeaxanthin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids Window width for selecting the precursor ion was 3 Da.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 16HP2005 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan.

   

α-Carotene

(all-E)-alpha-Carotene

C40H56 (536.4381776)


   

VITAMIN E

DL-alpha-Tocopherol

C29H50O2 (430.38106)


Window width to select the precursor ion was 3 Da.; CONE_VOLTAGE was 40 V.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 19HP8024 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map, clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Window width to select the precursor ion was 3 Da.; CONE_VOLTAGE was 15 V.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 19HP8024 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan. Window width to select the precursor ion was 3 Da.; CONE_VOLTAGE was 20 V.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 19HP8024 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan. DL-alpha-Tocopherol is a synthetic vitamin E, with antioxidation effect. DL-alpha-Tocopherol protects human skin fibroblasts against the cytotoxic effect of UVB[1]. DL-alpha-Tocopherol is a synthetic vitamin E, with antioxidation effect. DL-alpha-Tocopherol protects human skin fibroblasts against the cytotoxic effect of UVB[1]. rel-α-Vitamin E (rel-D-α-Tocopherol) is a vitamin with antioxidant properties and also a mixture[1]. α-Vitamin E ((+)-α-Tocopherol), a naturally occurring vitamin E form, is a potent antioxidant[1][2]. α-Vitamin E ((+)-α-Tocopherol), a naturally occurring vitamin E form, is a potent antioxidant[1][2].

   

Choline

Choline Hydroxide

C5H14NO+ (104.10753340000001)


A choline that is the parent compound of the cholines class, consisting of ethanolamine having three methyl substituents attached to the amino function. D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents > D008082 - Lipotropic Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018697 - Nootropic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents

   
   

Isorhamnetin 3-(6-acetylgalactoside)

Isorhamnetin 3-(6-acetylgalactoside)

C24H24O13 (520.1216853999999)


   

Quercetin 3-rutinoside 7-galactoside

2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-3-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-{[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy]methyl}oxan-2-yl)oxy]-4H-chromen-4-one

C33H40O21 (772.206199)


   

Harzol

(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)-5-ethyl-6-methyl-heptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol

C29H50O (414.386145)


C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28178 - Phytosterol > C68437 - Unsaturated Phytosterol D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1]. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1].

   

Crysophanol

Chrysophanic acid (1,8-dihydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone)

C15H10O4 (254.057906)


D009676 - Noxae > D009153 - Mutagens Chrysophanol (Chrysophanic acid) is a natural anthraquinone, which inhibits EGF-induced phosphorylation of EGFR and suppresses activation of AKT and mTOR/p70S6K. Chrysophanol (Chrysophanic acid) is a natural anthraquinone, which inhibits EGF-induced phosphorylation of EGFR and suppresses activation of AKT and mTOR/p70S6K.

   

Ephanyl

2H-1-Benzopyran-6-ol, 3,4-dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-, (2R*(4R*,8R*))-(+-)- (9CI)

C29H50O2 (430.38106)


COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map, clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS rel-α-Vitamin E (rel-D-α-Tocopherol) is a vitamin with antioxidant properties and also a mixture[1]. α-Vitamin E ((+)-α-Tocopherol), a naturally occurring vitamin E form, is a potent antioxidant[1][2]. α-Vitamin E ((+)-α-Tocopherol), a naturally occurring vitamin E form, is a potent antioxidant[1][2].

   

Phlomuroside

Phlomuroside

C19H32O8 (388.20970719999997)


A natural product found in Sanicula lamelligera.

   

Norobtusifolin

1,2,8-TRIHYDROXY-3-METHYLANTHRAQUINONE

C15H10O5 (270.052821)


   

2-amino-4-hydroxypentanedioic acid

2-amino-4-hydroxypentanedioic acid

C5H9NO5 (163.0480704)


   

1-(1-hydroxy-3-methyl-8-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}naphthalen-2-yl)ethanone; 6-methyloxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol

1-(1-hydroxy-3-methyl-8-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}naphthalen-2-yl)ethanone; 6-methyloxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol

C25H34O13 (542.1999314)


   

3-hydroxy-1-[3-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl]-5-methoxypyrrolidin-2-one

3-hydroxy-1-[3-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl]-5-methoxypyrrolidin-2-one

C10H15NO5 (229.09501799999998)


   

(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(1's,2r,2's,4s,4's,5r,7's,8'r,9's,12's,13's,14's,15'r,16's,18'r)-5,7',9',13'-tetramethyl-14'-{[(2s,3r,4s,5s)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy}-5'-oxaspiro[oxane-2,6'-pentacyclo[10.8.0.0²,⁹.0⁴,⁸.0¹³,¹⁸]icosane]-15',16'-dioloxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol

(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(1's,2r,2's,4s,4's,5r,7's,8'r,9's,12's,13's,14's,15'r,16's,18'r)-5,7',9',13'-tetramethyl-14'-{[(2s,3r,4s,5s)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy}-5'-oxaspiro[oxane-2,6'-pentacyclo[10.8.0.0²,⁹.0⁴,⁸.0¹³,¹⁸]icosane]-15',16'-dioloxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol

C38H62O15 (758.4088502)


   

11-hydroxy-3,8-dioxa-1-azatricyclo[7.3.0.0²,⁶]dodec-5-en-12-one

11-hydroxy-3,8-dioxa-1-azatricyclo[7.3.0.0²,⁶]dodec-5-en-12-one

C9H11NO4 (197.0688046)


   

1,2,8-trihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)anthracene-9,10-dione

1,2,8-trihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)anthracene-9,10-dione

C15H10O6 (286.047736)


   

1-(1-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-8-{[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-({[(2r,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}naphthalen-2-yl)ethanone

1-(1-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-8-{[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-({[(2r,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}naphthalen-2-yl)ethanone

C26H34O12 (538.2050164)


   

2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-{[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-3-{[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-({[(2r,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}chromen-4-one

2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-{[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-3-{[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-({[(2r,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}chromen-4-one

C33H40O21 (772.206199)


   

(2r)-2-amino-4-{[(2s)-3-methyl-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl]-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}butanoic acid

(2r)-2-amino-4-{[(2s)-3-methyl-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl]-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}butanoic acid

C10H16N2O4 (228.11100159999998)


   

(2s,4s)-4-hydroxy-4-{[(2s)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl]-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}-2-({[(2r,3s,4r,5r)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl}amino)butanoic acid

(2s,4s)-4-hydroxy-4-{[(2s)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl]-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}-2-({[(2r,3s,4r,5r)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl}amino)butanoic acid

C16H26N2O11 (422.1536526)


   

2-amino-4-[(3-methyl-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl]butanoic acid

2-amino-4-[(3-methyl-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl]butanoic acid

C10H16N2O4 (228.11100159999998)


   

(2s,4s)-2-amino-4-{[(1z)-2-ethenyl-3-hydroxyprop-1-en-1-yl]-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}-4-hydroxybutanoic acid

(2s,4s)-2-amino-4-{[(1z)-2-ethenyl-3-hydroxyprop-1-en-1-yl]-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}-4-hydroxybutanoic acid

C10H16N2O5 (244.1059166)


   

(1r,3ar,3br,7s,9ar,9br,11ar)-1-[(2r,5r)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-9a,11a-dimethyl-1h,2h,3h,3ah,3bh,4h,6h,7h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-7-ol

(1r,3ar,3br,7s,9ar,9br,11ar)-1-[(2r,5r)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-9a,11a-dimethyl-1h,2h,3h,3ah,3bh,4h,6h,7h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-7-ol

C29H50O (414.386145)


   

(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-{[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-{[(2r,3s,4r,5r,6r)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(1's,2r,2's,4's,5s,7's,8'r,9's,12's,13's,14'r,16'r,18'r)-5,7',9',13'-tetramethyl-5'-oxaspiro[oxane-2,6'-pentacyclo[10.8.0.0²,⁹.0⁴,⁸.0¹³,¹⁸]icosan]-14'-oloxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy}-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-{[(2s,3r,4s,5r)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-4-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol

(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-{[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-{[(2r,3s,4r,5r,6r)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(1's,2r,2's,4's,5s,7's,8'r,9's,12's,13's,14'r,16'r,18'r)-5,7',9',13'-tetramethyl-5'-oxaspiro[oxane-2,6'-pentacyclo[10.8.0.0²,⁹.0⁴,⁸.0¹³,¹⁸]icosan]-14'-oloxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy}-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-{[(2s,3r,4s,5r)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-4-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol

C50H82O23 (1050.5246622)


   

3-{[(2r,3s,4s,5r,6s)-6-[(1,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-9,10-dioxoanthracen-2-yl)oxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy}-3-oxopropanoic acid

3-{[(2r,3s,4s,5r,6s)-6-[(1,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-9,10-dioxoanthracen-2-yl)oxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy}-3-oxopropanoic acid

C24H22O13 (518.1060362000001)


   

(2r,9s,11r)-11-hydroxy-3,8-dioxa-1-azatricyclo[7.3.0.0²,⁶]dodec-5-en-12-one

(2r,9s,11r)-11-hydroxy-3,8-dioxa-1-azatricyclo[7.3.0.0²,⁶]dodec-5-en-12-one

C9H11NO4 (197.0688046)


   

5-{7-hydroxy-1,7-dimethyl-4-methylidene-octahydrocyclopropa[e]azulen-1-yl}-2-methylpenta-2,4-dienal

5-{7-hydroxy-1,7-dimethyl-4-methylidene-octahydrocyclopropa[e]azulen-1-yl}-2-methylpenta-2,4-dienal

C20H28O2 (300.2089188)


   

(6-{[5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxochromen-3-yl]oxy}-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)methyl acetate

(6-{[5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxochromen-3-yl]oxy}-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)methyl acetate

C24H24O13 (520.1216853999999)


   

1,2,8-trihydroxy-3-({[(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)anthracene-9,10-dione

1,2,8-trihydroxy-3-({[(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)anthracene-9,10-dione

C21H20O11 (448.100557)


   

(3r,5r)-3,5-dihydroxy-1-[3-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl]pyrrolidin-2-one

(3r,5r)-3,5-dihydroxy-1-[3-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl]pyrrolidin-2-one

C9H13NO5 (215.0793688)


   

3-({6-[(1,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-9,10-dioxoanthracen-2-yl)oxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl}methoxy)-3-oxopropanoic acid

3-({6-[(1,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-9,10-dioxoanthracen-2-yl)oxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl}methoxy)-3-oxopropanoic acid

C24H22O13 (518.1060362000001)


   

1-(1-hydroxy-3-methyl-8-{[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-({[(2r,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}naphthalen-2-yl)ethanone

1-(1-hydroxy-3-methyl-8-{[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-({[(2r,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}naphthalen-2-yl)ethanone

C25H32O12 (524.1893672)


   

2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-{[(2s,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}chromen-4-one

2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-{[(2s,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}chromen-4-one

C21H20O12 (464.09547200000003)


   

(2s,4r)-2-amino-4-hydroxy-4-{[(2s)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl]-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}butanoic acid

(2s,4r)-2-amino-4-hydroxy-4-{[(2s)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl]-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}butanoic acid

C10H16N2O6 (260.1008316)


   

(3r,5r)-3,5-dihydroxy-1-[(2r)-3-methyl-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl]pyrrolidin-2-one

(3r,5r)-3,5-dihydroxy-1-[(2r)-3-methyl-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl]pyrrolidin-2-one

C9H13NO4 (199.0844538)


   

(2s,3s,4r,5r,6s)-2-{[(2s,3e)-4-[(1s,4r,6r)-4-hydroxy-2,2,6-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-1-yl]but-3-en-2-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol

(2s,3s,4r,5r,6s)-2-{[(2s,3e)-4-[(1s,4r,6r)-4-hydroxy-2,2,6-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-1-yl]but-3-en-2-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol

C19H32O8 (388.20970719999997)


   

(2s,4r)-2-amino-4-hydroxy-4-{[(2r)-3-methyl-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl]-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}butanoic acid

(2s,4r)-2-amino-4-hydroxy-4-{[(2r)-3-methyl-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl]-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}butanoic acid

C10H16N2O5 (244.1059166)


   

(2s)-4-hydroxy-4-{[3-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl]-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}-2-{[(2r,3s,4r,5r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]amino}butanoic acid

(2s)-4-hydroxy-4-{[3-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl]-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}-2-{[(2r,3s,4r,5r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]amino}butanoic acid

C16H26N2O11 (422.1536526)


   

(2z,4e)-5-[(1s,1as,4ar,7s,7ar,7br)-7-hydroxy-1,7-dimethyl-4-methylidene-octahydrocyclopropa[e]azulen-1-yl]-2-methylpenta-2,4-dienal

(2z,4e)-5-[(1s,1as,4ar,7s,7ar,7br)-7-hydroxy-1,7-dimethyl-4-methylidene-octahydrocyclopropa[e]azulen-1-yl]-2-methylpenta-2,4-dienal

C20H28O2 (300.2089188)


   

(4r)-4-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-18-[(4r)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-ol

(4r)-4-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-18-[(4r)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-ol

C40H56O2 (568.4280076)


   

(2s)-2-amino-4-{[(2s)-3-methyl-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl]-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}butanoic acid

(2s)-2-amino-4-{[(2s)-3-methyl-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl]-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}butanoic acid

C10H16N2O4 (228.11100159999998)


   

(2r,3s,4s,5r,6s)-2-({[(2r,3s,4r)-3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)-6-{[(1s)-1-isopropyl-4-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl]oxy}oxane-3,4,5-triol

(2r,3s,4s,5r,6s)-2-({[(2r,3s,4r)-3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)-6-{[(1s)-1-isopropyl-4-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl]oxy}oxane-3,4,5-triol

C21H36O10 (448.2308356)


   

2-[(4-{4-hydroxy-2,2,6-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-1-yl}but-3-en-2-yl)oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol

2-[(4-{4-hydroxy-2,2,6-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-1-yl}but-3-en-2-yl)oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol

C19H32O8 (388.20970719999997)


   

2-({[3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)-6-[(1-isopropyl-4-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl)oxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol

2-({[3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)-6-[(1-isopropyl-4-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl)oxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol

C21H36O10 (448.2308356)


   

3,5-dihydroxy-1-[3-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl]pyrrolidin-2-one

3,5-dihydroxy-1-[3-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl]pyrrolidin-2-one

C9H13NO5 (215.0793688)


   

2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-{5,7',9',13'-tetramethyl-14'-[(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxy]-5'-oxaspiro[oxane-2,6'-pentacyclo[10.8.0.0²,⁹.0⁴,⁸.0¹³,¹⁸]icosane]-15',16'-dioloxy}oxane-3,4,5-triol

2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-{5,7',9',13'-tetramethyl-14'-[(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxy]-5'-oxaspiro[oxane-2,6'-pentacyclo[10.8.0.0²,⁹.0⁴,⁸.0¹³,¹⁸]icosane]-15',16'-dioloxy}oxane-3,4,5-triol

C38H62O15 (758.4088502)


   

2-amino-4-hydroxy-4-[(3-methyl-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl]butanoic acid

2-amino-4-hydroxy-4-[(3-methyl-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl]butanoic acid

C10H16N2O5 (244.1059166)


   

(3r,5r)-3,5-dihydroxy-1-[(2r)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl]pyrrolidin-2-one

(3r,5r)-3,5-dihydroxy-1-[(2r)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl]pyrrolidin-2-one

C9H13NO5 (215.0793688)


   

1-{1-hydroxy-3-methyl-8-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-{[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy]methyl}oxan-2-yl)oxy]naphthalen-2-yl}ethanone

1-{1-hydroxy-3-methyl-8-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-{[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy]methyl}oxan-2-yl)oxy]naphthalen-2-yl}ethanone

C25H32O12 (524.1893672)


   

(2z,4e)-5-[(1r,1ar,4as,7r,7as,7bs)-7-hydroxy-1,7-dimethyl-4-methylidene-octahydrocyclopropa[e]azulen-1-yl]-2-methylpenta-2,4-dienal

(2z,4e)-5-[(1r,1ar,4as,7r,7as,7bs)-7-hydroxy-1,7-dimethyl-4-methylidene-octahydrocyclopropa[e]azulen-1-yl]-2-methylpenta-2,4-dienal

C20H28O2 (300.2089188)


   

methyl 1-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-carboxylate

methyl 1-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-carboxylate

C18H14O5 (310.0841194)


   

(2s,4s)-2-amino-4-{[(1e)-2-ethenyl-3-hydroxyprop-1-en-1-yl]-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}-4-hydroxybutanoic acid

(2s,4s)-2-amino-4-{[(1e)-2-ethenyl-3-hydroxyprop-1-en-1-yl]-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}-4-hydroxybutanoic acid

C10H16N2O5 (244.1059166)


   

(3r,5r)-3,5-dihydroxy-1-(3-methyl-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)pyrrolidin-2-one

(3r,5r)-3,5-dihydroxy-1-(3-methyl-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)pyrrolidin-2-one

C9H13NO4 (199.0844538)


   

3-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dimethoxyoxolane-3,4-diol

3-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dimethoxyoxolane-3,4-diol

C7H14O6 (194.0790344)


   

2-[(2-{[4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-{5,7',9',13'-tetramethyl-5'-oxaspiro[oxane-2,6'-pentacyclo[10.8.0.0²,⁹.0⁴,⁸.0¹³,¹⁸]icosan]-14'-oloxy}oxan-3-yl]oxy}-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxy]oxan-4-yl)oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol

2-[(2-{[4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-{5,7',9',13'-tetramethyl-5'-oxaspiro[oxane-2,6'-pentacyclo[10.8.0.0²,⁹.0⁴,⁸.0¹³,¹⁸]icosan]-14'-oloxy}oxan-3-yl]oxy}-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxy]oxan-4-yl)oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol

C50H82O23 (1050.5246622)


   

(1r)-3,5,5-trimethyl-4-[(1e,3z,5z,7z,9z,11z,13z,15z,17z)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]cyclohex-3-en-1-ol

(1r)-3,5,5-trimethyl-4-[(1e,3z,5z,7z,9z,11z,13z,15z,17z)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]cyclohex-3-en-1-ol

C40H56O (552.4330926)


   

1-{1,5-dihydroxy-3-methyl-8-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-{[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy]methyl}oxan-2-yl)oxy]naphthalen-2-yl}ethanone

1-{1,5-dihydroxy-3-methyl-8-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-{[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy]methyl}oxan-2-yl)oxy]naphthalen-2-yl}ethanone

C25H32O13 (540.1842822)


   

1,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-2-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}anthracene-9,10-dione

1,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-2-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}anthracene-9,10-dione

C21H20O10 (432.105642)


   

4-[(2-ethenyl-3-hydroxyprop-1-en-1-yl)-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl]-4-hydroxy-2-{[(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyoxan-2-yl)methyl]amino}butanoic acid

4-[(2-ethenyl-3-hydroxyprop-1-en-1-yl)-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl]-4-hydroxy-2-{[(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyoxan-2-yl)methyl]amino}butanoic acid

C16H26N2O10 (406.1587376)


   

(2r,3s,4s,5r,6r)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(1's,2r,2's,4s,4's,5r,7's,8'r,9's,12's,13's,14's,15'r,16's,18'r)-5,7',9',13'-tetramethyl-14'-{[(2s,3r,4s,5s)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy}-5'-oxaspiro[oxane-2,6'-pentacyclo[10.8.0.0²,⁹.0⁴,⁸.0¹³,¹⁸]icosane]-15',16'-dioloxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol

(2r,3s,4s,5r,6r)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(1's,2r,2's,4s,4's,5r,7's,8'r,9's,12's,13's,14's,15'r,16's,18'r)-5,7',9',13'-tetramethyl-14'-{[(2s,3r,4s,5s)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy}-5'-oxaspiro[oxane-2,6'-pentacyclo[10.8.0.0²,⁹.0⁴,⁸.0¹³,¹⁸]icosane]-15',16'-dioloxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol

C38H62O15 (758.4088502)


   

(3r,5r)-3-hydroxy-5-methoxy-1-[(2r)-3-methyl-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl]pyrrolidin-2-one

(3r,5r)-3-hydroxy-5-methoxy-1-[(2r)-3-methyl-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl]pyrrolidin-2-one

C10H15NO4 (213.100103)


   

(4r,4ar,6as,6bs,8as,12ar,12bs,14ar,14br)-4,4a,6b,8a,11,11,12b,14a-octamethyl-tetradecahydro-1h-picen-3-one

(4r,4ar,6as,6bs,8as,12ar,12bs,14ar,14br)-4,4a,6b,8a,11,11,12b,14a-octamethyl-tetradecahydro-1h-picen-3-one

C30H50O (426.386145)


   

1-(1,5-dihydroxy-3-methyl-8-{[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-({[(2r,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}naphthalen-2-yl)ethanone

1-(1,5-dihydroxy-3-methyl-8-{[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-({[(2r,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}naphthalen-2-yl)ethanone

C25H32O13 (540.1842822)


   

(2s)-4-{[(1z)-2-ethenyl-3-hydroxyprop-1-en-1-yl]-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}-4-hydroxy-2-{[(2r,3s,4r,5r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]amino}butanoic acid

(2s)-4-{[(1z)-2-ethenyl-3-hydroxyprop-1-en-1-yl]-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}-4-hydroxy-2-{[(2r,3s,4r,5r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]amino}butanoic acid

C16H26N2O10 (406.1587376)


   

(2s,3r,4r,5r)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dimethoxyoxolane-3,4-diol

(2s,3r,4r,5r)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dimethoxyoxolane-3,4-diol

C7H14O6 (194.0790344)


   

(2s,4s)-2-amino-4-hydroxy-4-{[(2s)-3-methyl-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl]-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}butanoic acid

(2s,4s)-2-amino-4-hydroxy-4-{[(2s)-3-methyl-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl]-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}butanoic acid

C10H16N2O5 (244.1059166)


   

4-hydroxy-3,5,5-trimethyl-4-[(1e,3r)-3-{[(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}but-1-en-1-yl]cyclohex-2-en-1-one

4-hydroxy-3,5,5-trimethyl-4-[(1e,3r)-3-{[(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}but-1-en-1-yl]cyclohex-2-en-1-one

C19H30O8 (386.194058)


   

(2s,4s)-2-amino-4-hydroxy-4-{[(2s)-2-methylbutyl]-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}butanoic acid

(2s,4s)-2-amino-4-hydroxy-4-{[(2s)-2-methylbutyl]-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}butanoic acid

C10H20N2O4 (232.1423)


   

[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-6-{[5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxochromen-3-yl]oxy}-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate

[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-6-{[5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxochromen-3-yl]oxy}-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate

C24H24O13 (520.1216853999999)


   

2-amino-4-hydroxy-4-[(2-methylbutyl)-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl]butanoic acid

2-amino-4-hydroxy-4-[(2-methylbutyl)-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl]butanoic acid

C10H20N2O4 (232.1423)


   

2-amino-4-[(2-ethenyl-3-hydroxyprop-1-en-1-yl)-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl]-4-hydroxybutanoic acid

2-amino-4-[(2-ethenyl-3-hydroxyprop-1-en-1-yl)-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl]-4-hydroxybutanoic acid

C10H16N2O5 (244.1059166)


   

stigmast-5-en-3-ol, (3β)-

stigmast-5-en-3-ol, (3β)-

C29H50O (414.386145)


   

(2s,4s)-2-amino-4-[(2-ethenyl-3-hydroxyprop-1-en-1-yl)-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl]-4-hydroxybutanoic acid

(2s,4s)-2-amino-4-[(2-ethenyl-3-hydroxyprop-1-en-1-yl)-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl]-4-hydroxybutanoic acid

C10H16N2O5 (244.1059166)


   

4-hydroxy-4-{[3-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl]-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}-2-{[(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyoxan-2-yl)methyl]amino}butanoic acid

4-hydroxy-4-{[3-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl]-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}-2-{[(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyoxan-2-yl)methyl]amino}butanoic acid

C16H26N2O11 (422.1536526)


   

(2r,4r)-2-amino-4-hydroxypentanedioic acid

(2r,4r)-2-amino-4-hydroxypentanedioic acid

C5H9NO5 (163.0480704)


   

[(2r,3s,4s,5r,6s)-6-{[5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxochromen-3-yl]oxy}-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate

[(2r,3s,4s,5r,6s)-6-{[5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxochromen-3-yl]oxy}-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate

C24H24O13 (520.1216853999999)


   

4-hydroxy-3,5,5-trimethyl-4-(3-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}but-1-en-1-yl)cyclohex-2-en-1-one

4-hydroxy-3,5,5-trimethyl-4-(3-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}but-1-en-1-yl)cyclohex-2-en-1-one

C19H30O8 (386.194058)


   

4,5-dihydroxy-3-methyl-9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-carboxylic acid

4,5-dihydroxy-3-methyl-9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-carboxylic acid

C16H10O6 (298.047736)


   

3,5-dihydroxy-1-(3-methyl-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)pyrrolidin-2-one

3,5-dihydroxy-1-(3-methyl-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)pyrrolidin-2-one

C9H13NO4 (199.0844538)


   

1,2,8-trihydroxy-3-({[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)anthracene-9,10-dione

1,2,8-trihydroxy-3-({[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)anthracene-9,10-dione

C21H20O11 (448.100557)


   

(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-2-{[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-{[(2r,3r,4r,5r,6r)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(1's,2r,2's,4's,5r,7's,8'r,9's,12's,13's,14'r,16'r,18'r)-5,7',9',13'-tetramethyl-5'-oxaspiro[oxane-2,6'-pentacyclo[10.8.0.0²,⁹.0⁴,⁸.0¹³,¹⁸]icosan]-14'-oloxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy}-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-{[(2s,3r,4s,5r)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-4-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol

(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-2-{[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-{[(2r,3r,4r,5r,6r)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(1's,2r,2's,4's,5r,7's,8'r,9's,12's,13's,14'r,16'r,18'r)-5,7',9',13'-tetramethyl-5'-oxaspiro[oxane-2,6'-pentacyclo[10.8.0.0²,⁹.0⁴,⁸.0¹³,¹⁸]icosan]-14'-oloxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy}-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-{[(2s,3r,4s,5r)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-4-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol

C50H82O23 (1050.5246622)


   

(3r,5r)-5-hydroxy-3-methoxy-1-(3-methyl-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)pyrrolidin-2-one

(3r,5r)-5-hydroxy-3-methoxy-1-(3-methyl-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)pyrrolidin-2-one

C10H15NO4 (213.100103)


   

(4s)-4-hydroxy-3,5,5-trimethyl-4-[(1e,3r)-3-{[(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}but-1-en-1-yl]cyclohex-2-en-1-one

(4s)-4-hydroxy-3,5,5-trimethyl-4-[(1e,3r)-3-{[(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}but-1-en-1-yl]cyclohex-2-en-1-one

C19H30O8 (386.194058)


   

1,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-2-{[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}anthracene-9,10-dione

1,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-2-{[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}anthracene-9,10-dione

C21H20O10 (432.105642)


   

methyl 1-hydroxy-3,6-dimethyl-9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-carboxylate

methyl 1-hydroxy-3,6-dimethyl-9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-carboxylate

C18H14O5 (310.0841194)


   

2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-3,7-bis({[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy})chromen-4-one

2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-3,7-bis({[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy})chromen-4-one

C27H30O17 (626.148293)


   

3-hydroxy-5-methoxy-1-(3-methyl-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)pyrrolidin-2-one

3-hydroxy-5-methoxy-1-(3-methyl-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)pyrrolidin-2-one

C10H15NO4 (213.100103)


   

(2s,4s)-4-{[(1z)-2-ethenyl-3-hydroxyprop-1-en-1-yl]-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}-4-hydroxy-2-({[(2r,3s,4r,5r)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl}amino)butanoic acid

(2s,4s)-4-{[(1z)-2-ethenyl-3-hydroxyprop-1-en-1-yl]-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}-4-hydroxy-2-({[(2r,3s,4r,5r)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl}amino)butanoic acid

C16H26N2O10 (406.1587376)


   

(2r)-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-[(4s,8s)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-3,4-dihydro-1-benzopyran-6-ol

(2r)-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-[(4s,8s)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-3,4-dihydro-1-benzopyran-6-ol

C29H50O2 (430.38106)


   

(3r,5r)-3-hydroxy-1-[(2r)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl]-5-methoxypyrrolidin-2-one

(3r,5r)-3-hydroxy-1-[(2r)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl]-5-methoxypyrrolidin-2-one

C10H15NO5 (229.09501799999998)


   

2-amino-4-hydroxy-4-{[3-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl]-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}butanoic acid

2-amino-4-hydroxy-4-{[3-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl]-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}butanoic acid

C10H16N2O6 (260.1008316)