Gene Association: PDPK1
UniProt Search:
PDPK1 (PROTEIN_CODING)
Function Description: 3-phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase 1
found 29 associated metabolites with current gene based on the text mining result from the pubmed database.
Gentiopicrin
Gentiopicrin is a glycoside. Gentiopicroside is a natural product found in Aster auriculatus, Exacum affine, and other organisms with data available. See also: Centaurium erythraea whole (part of). Gentiopicroside. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=20831-76-9 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 20831-76-9). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Gentiopicroside, a naturally occurring iridoid glycoside, inhibits P450 activity, with an IC50 and a Ki of 61 μM and 22.8 μM for CYP2A6; Gentiopicroside has anti-inflammatoryand antioxidative effects. Gentiopicroside, a naturally occurring iridoid glycoside, inhibits P450 activity, with an IC50 and a Ki of 61 μM and 22.8 μM for CYP2A6; Gentiopicroside has anti-inflammatoryand antioxidative effects.
Phillyrin
Forsythin is a lignan and a glycoside. Phillyrin is a natural product found in Forsythia suspensa, Phillyrea latifolia, and other organisms with data available. Annotation level-1 2-[4-[3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)-1,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydrofuro[3,4-c]furan-6-yl]-2-methoxyphenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol is a natural product found in Pteris semipinnata with data available. Phillyrin is isolated from Forsythia suspensa Vahl (Oleaceae), has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. Phillyrin has potential inductive effects on rat CYP1A2 and CYP2D1 activities, without affecting CYP2C11 and CYP3A1/2 activities[1]. Phillyrin has anti-influenza A virus activities[2]. Phillyrin is isolated from Forsythia suspensa Vahl (Oleaceae), has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. Phillyrin has potential inductive effects on rat CYP1A2 and CYP2D1 activities, without affecting CYP2C11 and CYP3A1/2 activities[1]. Phillyrin has anti-influenza A virus activities[2].
Atractylenolide
Atractylenolide I is a natural product found in Solanum lyratum, Atractylodes japonica, and other organisms with data available. Atractylenolide I is a sesquiterpene derived from the rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala, possesses diverse bioactivities, such as neuroprotective, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Atractylenolide I reduces protein levels of phosphorylated JAK2 and STAT3 in A375 cells, and acts as a TLR4-antagonizing agent. Atractylenolide I is a sesquiterpene derived from the rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala, possesses diverse bioactivities, such as neuroprotective, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Atractylenolide I reduces protein levels of phosphorylated JAK2 and STAT3 in A375 cells, and acts as a TLR4-antagonizing agent.
Syringin
Syringin is a monosaccharide derivative that is trans-sinapyl alcohol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 1 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a hepatoprotective agent and a plant metabolite. It is a beta-D-glucoside, a monosaccharide derivative, a primary alcohol and a dimethoxybenzene. It is functionally related to a trans-sinapyl alcohol. Syringin is a natural product found in Salacia chinensis, Codonopsis lanceolata, and other organisms with data available. See also: Codonopsis pilosula root (part of). A monosaccharide derivative that is trans-sinapyl alcohol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 1 via a glycosidic linkage. Syringin is a main bioactive phenolic glycoside in Acanthopanax senticosus, with anti-osteoporosis activity. Syringin prevents cardiac hypertrophy induced by pressure overload through the attenuation of autophagy[1][2]. Syringin is a main bioactive phenolic glycoside in Acanthopanax senticosus, with anti-osteoporosis activity. Syringin prevents cardiac hypertrophy induced by pressure overload through the attenuation of autophagy[1][2].
Prostratin
Prostratin is a phorbol ester. It has a role as a metabolite. Prostratin is a natural product found in Euphorbia fischeriana, Euphorbia triangularis, and other organisms with data available. D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens > D010703 - Phorbol Esters A natural product found in Euphorbia fischeriana.
4-Guanidinobutanoic acid
4-Guanidinobutanoic acid, also known as gamma-guanidinobutyrate or 4-(carbamimidamido)butanoate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as gamma amino acids and derivatives. These are amino acids having a (-NH2) group attached to the gamma carbon atom. 4-Guanidinobutanoic acid is a normal metabolite present in low concentrations. 4-Guanidinobutanoic acid exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Outside of the human body, 4-Guanidinobutanoic acid has been detected, but not quantified in a few different foods, such as apples, french plantains, and loquats. This could make 4-guanidinobutanoic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Patients with hyperargininemia have an arginase deficiency which leads to blockade of the urea cycle in the last step with several clinical symptoms. Owing to the arginase deficiency this patients accumulate arginine which leads eventually to epileptogenic guanidino compounds (PMID 7752905). 4-guanidinobutanoic acid, also known as gamma-guanidinobutyrate or 4-(carbamimidamido)butanoate, belongs to gamma amino acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are amino acids having a (-NH2) group attached to the gamma carbon atom. 4-guanidinobutanoic acid is slightly soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 4-guanidinobutanoic acid can be found in apple, french plantain, and loquat, which makes 4-guanidinobutanoic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 4-guanidinobutanoic acid can be found primarily in blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and urine, as well as in human prostate tissue. 4-guanidinobutanoic acid exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Moreover, 4-guanidinobutanoic acid is found to be associated with cirrhosis. CONFIDENCE standard compound; ML_ID 15 KEIO_ID G032 4-Guanidinobutanoic acid is a normal metabolite present in low concentrations. 4-Guanidinobutanoic acid is a normal metabolite present in low concentrations.
Sphinganine
Sphinganine, also known as c18-dihydrosphingosine or safingol, is a member of the class of compounds known as 1,2-aminoalcohols. 1,2-aminoalcohols are organic compounds containing an alkyl chain with an amine group bound to the C1 atom and an alcohol group bound to the C2 atom. Thus, sphinganine is considered to be a sphingoid base lipid molecule. Sphinganine is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Sphinganine can be found in a number of food items such as agar, biscuit, herbs and spices, and pasta, which makes sphinganine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Sphinganine can be found primarily in blood, feces, and urine, as well as throughout most human tissues. Sphinganine exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. In humans, sphinganine is involved in few metabolic pathways, which include globoid cell leukodystrophy, metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD), and sphingolipid metabolism. Sphinganine is also involved in few metabolic disorders, which include fabry disease, gaucher disease, and krabbe disease. Moreover, sphinganine is found to be associated with pregnancy. Sphinganine is a lyso-sphingolipid protein kinase inhibitor. It has the molecular formula C18H39NO2 and is a colorless solid. Medicinally, safingol has demonstrated promising anticancer potential as a modulator of multi-drug resistance and as an inducer of necrosis. The administration of safingol alone has not been shown to exert a significant effect on tumor cell growth. However, preclinical and clinical studies have shown that combining safingol with conventional chemotherapy agents such as fenretinide, vinblastine, irinotecan and mitomycin C can dramatically potentiate their antitumor effects. Currently in Phase I clinical trials, it is believed to be safe to co-administer with cisplatin . Sphinganine belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 1,2-aminoalcohols. These are organic compounds containing an alkyl chain with an amine group bound to the C1 atom and an alcohol group bound to the C2 atom. Thus, sphinganine is considered to be a sphingoid base lipid molecule. Sphinganine is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. Sphinganine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Within humans, sphinganine participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, sphinganine can be converted into 3-dehydrosphinganine through its interaction with the enzyme 3-ketodihydrosphingosine reductase. In addition, sphinganine can be converted into sphinganine 1-phosphate; which is catalyzed by the enzyme sphingosine kinase 2. Outside of the human body, sphinganine has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as Mexican oregano, jostaberries, winter squash, angelica, and epazotes. This could make sphinganine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Sphinganine blocks postlysosomal cholesterol transport by inhibiting low-density lipoprotein-induced esterification of cholesterol and causing unesterified cholesterol to accumulate in perinuclear vesicles. It has been suggested that endogenous sphinganine may inhibit cholesterol transport in Niemann-Pick Type C (NPC) disease (PMID: 1817037). D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors KEIO_ID D078 D-Erythro-dihydrosphingosin directly inhibits cytosolic phospholipase A2α (cPLA2α) activity. D-Erythro-dihydrosphingosin directly inhibits cytosolic phospholipase A2α (cPLA2α) activity.
1-Methyladenine
1-Methyladenine is the product of reaction between 1-methyladenosine and water which is catalyzed by 1-methyladenosine nucleosidase (EC:3.2.2.13). 1-Methyladenine is a product of alkylation damage in DNA which can be repaired by damage reversal by oxidative demethylation, a reaction requiring ferrous iron and 2-oxoglutarate as cofactor and co-substrate, respectively (PMID:15576352). 1-Methyladenine is found to be associated with adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency, which is an inborn error of metabolism. 1-Methyladenine is the product of reaction between 1-methyladenosine and water which is catalyzed by 1-methyladenosine nucleosidase. (EC:3.2.2.13) KEIO_ID M074
2-Biphenylol
2-Biphenylol is found in lemon. It is an antifungal agent and preservative. 2-Biphenylol is used for post-harvest control of storage disease in apples, citrus fruit, stone fruit, tomatoes, cucumber and peppers through the use of impregnated wrapping materials or by direct application in a wax. 2-Biphenylol is used in food seasonings. Inhibitory to a wider range of moulds than Biphenyl
N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAAG)
N-Acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) is a neuropeptide found in millimolar concentrations in the brain that is localized to subpopulations of glutamatergic, cholinergic, GABAergic, and noradrenergic neuronal systems. NAAG is released upon depolarization by a Ca(2+)-dependent process and is an agonist at mGluR3 receptors and an antagonist at NMDA receptors. NAAG is catabolized to N-acetylaspartate and glutamate primarily by glutamate carboxypeptidase II, which is expressed on the extracellular surface of astrocytes. The levels of NAAG and the activity of carboxypeptidase II are altered in a regionally specific fashion in several neuropsychiatric disorders (PMID:9361299). N-Acetylaspartylglutamic acid (NAAG) is a purported precursor of N-acetylaspartic acid (NAA) and is present at about one-tenth of the concentration of NAA in the brain. NAAG has been reported to activate N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors in neurons. Previous immunohistochemical studies in the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) have suggested that NAAG is exclusively localized to neurons. Recent evidence, however, indicates that NAAG might also be localized to nonneuronal cells within the CNS. Only traces of NAA and NAAG are detectable in other tissues. Some compounds can change levels of NAA and NAAG in the brain. For example, methylphenidate increases the levels of NAA and NAAG in the cerebral cortex; amphetamine also increases NAA concentration in a mature brain by 26\\\%, raising the possibility that other neurochemical systems might be involved in the clinical effects of stimulants (PMID:10603234). N-Acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) is a neuropeptide found in millimolar concentrations in brain that is localized to subpopulations of glutamatergic, cholinergic, GABAergic, and noradrenergic neuronal systems. NAAG is released upon depolarization by a Ca(2+)-dependent process and is an agonist at mGluR3 receptors and an antagonist at NMDA receptors. NAAG is catabolized to N-acetylaspartate and glutamate primarily by glutamate carboxypeptidase II, which is expressed on the extracellular surface of astrocytes. The levels of NAAG and the activity of carboxypeptidase II are altered in a regionally specific fashion in several neuropsychiatric disorders. (PMID 9361299) D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents > D001993 - Bronchodilator Agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018494 - Histamine Agents > D006633 - Histamine Antagonists D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018696 - Neuroprotective Agents D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D009498 - Neurotoxins D018926 - Anti-Allergic Agents D020011 - Protective Agents Spaglumic Acid (N-Acetylaspartylglutamic acid) is a neuropeptide found in millimolar concentrations in brain.
3-Mercaptopyruvic acid
3-Mercaptopyruvic acid, also known as 3-mercapto-2-oxopropanoate or beta-thiopyruvate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha-keto acids and derivatives. These are organic compounds containing an aldehyde substituted with a keto group on the adjacent carbon. 3-Mercaptopyruvic acid is an intermediate in cysteine metabolism. 3-Mercaptopyruvic acid exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. Within humans, 3-mercaptopyruvic acid participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, 3-mercaptopyruvic acid and cyanide can be converted into pyruvic acid and thiocyanate; which is mediated by the enzyme 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase. In addition, 3-mercaptopyruvic acid can be biosynthesized from 3-mercaptolactic acid; which is mediated by the enzyme L-lactate dehydrogenase. It has been studied as a potential treatment for cyanide poisoning, but its half-life is too short for it to be clinically effective. In humans, 3-mercaptopyruvic acid is involved in cystinosis, ocular nonnephropathic. Outside of the human body, 3-mercaptopyruvic acid has been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as lima beans, spinachs, shallots, mexican groundcherries, and white lupines. This could make 3-mercaptopyruvic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. 3-mercaptopyruvic acid, also known as beta-mercaptopyruvate or beta-thiopyruvic acid, belongs to alpha-keto acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are organic compounds containing an aldehyde substituted with a keto group on the adjacent carbon. 3-mercaptopyruvic acid is slightly soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). 3-mercaptopyruvic acid can be found in a number of food items such as garland chrysanthemum, rubus (blackberry, raspberry), tarragon, and arrowhead, which makes 3-mercaptopyruvic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 3-mercaptopyruvic acid exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, 3-mercaptopyruvic acid is involved in a couple of metabolic pathways, which include cysteine metabolism and cystinosis, ocular nonnephropathic. 3-mercaptopyruvic acid is also involved in beta-mercaptolactate-cysteine disulfiduria, which is a metabolic disorder. 3-Mercaptopyruvic acid is an intermediate in cysteine metabolism. It has been studied as a potential treatment for cyanide poisoning, but its half-life is too short for it to be clinically effective. Instead, prodrugs, such as sulfanegen, are being evaluated to compensate for the short half-life of 3-mercaptopyruvic acid .
S-Adenosylmethioninamine
S-Adenosylmethioninamine is a biological sulfonium compound known as the major biological methyl donor. It is also a donor of methylene groups, amino groups, ribosyl groups and aminopropyl groups (PMID 15130560). S-Adenosylmethioninamine is a prodcut of enzyme adenosylmethionine decarboxylase [EC 4.1.1.50] in methionine metabolism pathway (KEGG). [HMDB] S-Adenosylmethioninamine is a biological sulfonium compound known as the major biological methyl donor. It is also a donor of methylene groups, amino groups, ribosyl groups and aminopropyl groups (PMID 15130560). S-Adenosylmethioninamine is a prodcut of enzyme adenosylmethionine decarboxylase [EC 4.1.1.50] in methionine metabolism pathway (KEGG).
myo-Inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate
myo-Inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate (CAS: 102850-29-3), also known as IP4, is a second messenger responsible for mediating Ca2+ entry through the plasma membrane and mobilizing intracellular Ca2+ by acting synergistically with inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3). Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase (IP3K, EC 2.7.1.127) phosphorylates IP3 into IP4. Evidence shows that IP4 can activate a protein with ras- and rap-GAP activity and finally inactivate the G protein. This indicates that IP4 regulates Ca2+ influx in a GTP-dependent way, which potentially links the IP3 signalling pathway to GTP-regulated signalling mechanisms. IP4 is demonstrated to be a common regulator in Ca2+ homeostasis. IP4 can bind with a high affinity to several intracellular proteins: synaptotagmin (I and II), Gap1, Btk, and centaurin-alpha and may interact with synaptotagmin to inhibit synaptic transmission. IP4 also acts as a mediator in neuronal death in the ischemic hippocampus. IP4 production is not always associated with a modification in calcium concentration, and control of calcium mobilization is not the sole function proposed for IP4. IP4 defines an essential signalling pathway for T cell precursor responsiveness and development. In the thymus, IP4 is essential during the positive and negative selection of double-positive thymocytes, and in the control of thymocyte reactivity to antigens. IP4 is also a substrate for type I inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 5-phosphatase A, and skeletal muscle and kidney enriched inositol phosphatase (PMID: 15740635, 14517551).
myo-Inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate
myo-Inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate, also known as Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5 or inositol pentaphosphate, is an inositol polyphosphate of emerging significance in cellular signalling. Both Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5 and its C-2 epimer scyllo-inositol pentakisphosphate (scyllo-InsP(5)) were synthesized from the same myo-inositol-based precursor (PMID: 16755629). InsP6, Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5, and their close metabolic relatives are amongst the more abundant intracellular inositol polyphosphates. They are involved in chromatin organization, DNA maintenance, gene transcription, nuclear mRNA transport, membrane trafficking, and control of cell proliferation (PMID: 14992690). myo-Inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate (Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P(5)), an inositol polyphosphate of emerging significance in cellular signalling, and its C-2 epimer scyllo-inositol pentakisphosphate (scyllo-InsP(5)) were synthesised from the same myo-inositol-based precursor. (PMID: 16755629)
Solamargine
Solamargine is an azaspiro compound, a steroid and an oxaspiro compound. Solamargine has been used in trials studying the treatment of Actinic Keratosis. Solamargine is a natural product found in Solanum pittosporifolium, Solanum americanum, and other organisms with data available. Solamargine, a derivative from the steroidal solasodine in Solanum species, exhibits anticancer activities in numerous types of cancer. Solamargine induces non-selective cytotoxicity and P-glycoprotein inhibition. Solamargine significantly inhibits migration and invasion of HepG2 cells by down-regulating MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression and activity[1][2]. Solamargine, a derivative from the steroidal solasodine in Solanum species, exhibits anticancer activities in numerous types of cancer. Solamargine induces non-selective cytotoxicity and P-glycoprotein inhibition. Solamargine significantly inhibits migration and invasion of HepG2 cells by down-regulating MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression and activity[1][2].
inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate
N-Acetyl-1-aspartylglutamic acid
D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents > D001993 - Bronchodilator Agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018494 - Histamine Agents > D006633 - Histamine Antagonists D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018696 - Neuroprotective Agents D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D009498 - Neurotoxins D018926 - Anti-Allergic Agents D020011 - Protective Agents Spaglumic Acid (N-Acetylaspartylglutamic acid) is a neuropeptide found in millimolar concentrations in brain.
syringin
Syringin, also known as eleutheroside b or beta-terpineol, is a member of the class of compounds known as phenolic glycosides. Phenolic glycosides are organic compounds containing a phenolic structure attached to a glycosyl moiety. Some examples of phenolic structures include lignans, and flavonoids. Among the sugar units found in natural glycosides are D-glucose, L-Fructose, and L rhamnose. Syringin is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Syringin can be found in caraway, fennel, and lemon, which makes syringin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Syringin is a natural chemical compound first isolated from the bark of lilac (Syringa vulgaris) by Meillet in 1841. It has since been found to be distributed widely throughout many types of plants. It is also called eleutheroside B, and is found in Eleutherococcus senticosus (Siberian ginseng). It is also found in dandelion coffee . Syringin is a main bioactive phenolic glycoside in Acanthopanax senticosus, with anti-osteoporosis activity. Syringin prevents cardiac hypertrophy induced by pressure overload through the attenuation of autophagy[1][2]. Syringin is a main bioactive phenolic glycoside in Acanthopanax senticosus, with anti-osteoporosis activity. Syringin prevents cardiac hypertrophy induced by pressure overload through the attenuation of autophagy[1][2].
3-mercaptopyruvic acid
A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is pyruvic acid substituted by a sulfanyl group at position 3.
4-Guanidinobutyric acid
4-Guanidinobutanoic acid is a normal metabolite present in low concentrations. 4-Guanidinobutanoic acid is a normal metabolite present in low concentrations.
DL-THREO-DIHYDROSPHINGOSINE
D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors DL-erythro-Dihydrosphingosine is a potent inhibitor of PKC and phospholipase A2 (PLA2)[1][2].
Atractylenolide I
Atractylenolide I is a sesquiterpene derived from the rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala, possesses diverse bioactivities, such as neuroprotective, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Atractylenolide I reduces protein levels of phosphorylated JAK2 and STAT3 in A375 cells, and acts as a TLR4-antagonizing agent. Atractylenolide I is a sesquiterpene derived from the rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala, possesses diverse bioactivities, such as neuroprotective, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Atractylenolide I reduces protein levels of phosphorylated JAK2 and STAT3 in A375 cells, and acts as a TLR4-antagonizing agent.
Gentiopicrin
Gentiopicroside, a naturally occurring iridoid glycoside, inhibits P450 activity, with an IC50 and a Ki of 61 μM and 22.8 μM for CYP2A6; Gentiopicroside has anti-inflammatoryand antioxidative effects. Gentiopicroside, a naturally occurring iridoid glycoside, inhibits P450 activity, with an IC50 and a Ki of 61 μM and 22.8 μM for CYP2A6; Gentiopicroside has anti-inflammatoryand antioxidative effects.
2-Phenylphenol
D - Dermatologicals > D08 - Antiseptics and disinfectants > D08A - Antiseptics and disinfectants > D08AE - Phenol and derivatives D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents D016573 - Agrochemicals D004202 - Disinfectants D010575 - Pesticides
S-Adenosylmethioninamine
The S-adenosyl derivative of methioninamine. It acts as the aminopropyl donor in the biosynthesis of the polyamines, spermidine and spermine.
N-Acetyl-alpha-aspartylglutamic acid
D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents > D001993 - Bronchodilator Agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018494 - Histamine Agents > D006633 - Histamine Antagonists D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018696 - Neuroprotective Agents D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D009498 - Neurotoxins D018926 - Anti-Allergic Agents D020011 - Protective Agents
