Kynurenine (BioDeep_00000229698)

Main id: BioDeep_00000405334

 

human metabolite PANOMIX_OTCML-2023 BioNovoGene_Lab2019 Volatile Flavor Compounds


代谢物信息卡片


L-Kynurenine

化学式: C10H12N2O3 (208.0847882)
中文名称: L-犬尿氨酸水合物, 犬尿氨酸
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 () 0%

分子结构信息

SMILES: C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C(=O)CC(C(=O)O)N)N
InChI: InChI=1S/C10H12N2O3/c11-7-4-2-1-3-6(7)9(13)5-8(12)10(14)15/h1-4,8H,5,11-12H2,(H,14,15)/t8-/m0/s1

描述信息

L-Kynurenine is a metabolite of the amino acid L-tryptophan. L-Kynurenine is an aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist.

同义名列表

4 个代谢物同义名

L-Kynurenine; Kynurenine; L-Kynurenine; L-kynurenine



数据库引用编号

18 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(4)

BioCyc(0)

PlantCyc(0)

代谢反应

0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(0)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

1 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。



文献列表

  • Sunoh Kwon, Bombi Lee, Mijung Yeom, Bong-Jun Sur, Myunghwan Kim, Seung-Tae Kim, Hi-Joon Park, Hyejung Lee, Dae-Hyun Hahm. Modulatory effects of acupuncture on murine depression-like behavior following chronic systemic inflammation. Brain research. 2012 Sep; 1472(?):149-60. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.07.009. [PMID: 22796291]
  • Hyangin Kim, Lucy Chen, Grewo Lim, Backil Sung, Shuxing Wang, Michael F McCabe, Gabriel Rusanescu, Liling Yang, Yinghong Tian, Jianren Mao. Brain indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase contributes to the comorbidity of pain and depression. The Journal of clinical investigation. 2012 Aug; 122(8):2940-54. doi: 10.1172/jci61884. [PMID: 22751107]
  • Nitin K Gupta, Ameet I Thaker, Navya Kanuri, Terrence E Riehl, Christopher W Rowley, William F Stenson, Matthew A Ciorba. Serum analysis of tryptophan catabolism pathway: correlation with Crohn's disease activity. Inflammatory bowel diseases. 2012 Jul; 18(7):1214-20. doi: 10.1002/ibd.21849. [PMID: 21823214]
  • Annemarieke de Jonghe, Barbara C van Munster, Durk Fekkes, Hannah E van Oosten, Sophia E de Rooij. The tryptophan depletion theory in delirium: not confirmed in elderly hip fracture patients. Psychosomatics. 2012 May; 53(3):236-43. doi: 10.1016/j.psym.2011.09.009. [PMID: 22458995]
  • Jessica R Adams Wilson, Alessandro Morandi, Timothy D Girard, Jennifer L Thompson, Chad S Boomershine, Ayumi K Shintani, E Wesley Ely, Pratik P Pandharipande. The association of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism with acute brain dysfunction during critical illness*. Critical care medicine. 2012 Mar; 40(3):835-41. doi: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e318236f62d. [PMID: 22080637]
  • George Anderson, Michael Maes, Michael Berk. Inflammation-related disorders in the tryptophan catabolite pathway in depression and somatization. Advances in protein chemistry and structural biology. 2012; 88(?):27-48. doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-398314-5.00002-7. [PMID: 22814705]
  • Tuula K Outinen, Taru Kuparinen, Juulia Jylhävä, Sonja Leppänen, Jukka Mustonen, Satu Mäkelä, Ilkka Pörsti, Jaana Syrjänen, Antti Vaheri, Mikko Hurme. Plasma cell-free DNA levels are elevated in acute Puumala hantavirus infection. PloS one. 2012; 7(2):e31455. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031455. [PMID: 22347483]
  • Marco Antonioli, Joanna Rybka, Livia A Carvalho. Neuroimmune endocrine effects of antidepressants. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment. 2012; 8(?):65-83. doi: 10.2147/ndt.s16409. [PMID: 22347798]
  • Gerard Clarke, Declan P McKernan, Gabor Gaszner, Eamonn M Quigley, John F Cryan, Timothy G Dinan. A Distinct Profile of Tryptophan Metabolism along the Kynurenine Pathway Downstream of Toll-Like Receptor Activation in Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Frontiers in pharmacology. 2012; 3(?):90. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2012.00090. [PMID: 22661947]
  • Nikoletta Dobos, Erik F J de Vries, Ido P Kema, Konstantinos Patas, Marloes Prins, Ingrid M Nijholt, Rudi A Dierckx, Jakob Korf, Johan A den Boer, Paul G M Luiten, Ulrich L M Eisel. The role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in a mouse model of neuroinflammation-induced depression. Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD. 2012; 28(4):905-15. doi: 10.3233/jad-2011-111097. [PMID: 22112548]
  • A M Myint, M J Schwarz, R Verkerk, H H Mueller, J Zach, S Scharpé, H W M Steinbusch, B E Leonard, Y K Kim. Reversal of imbalance between kynurenic acid and 3-hydroxykynurenine by antipsychotics in medication-naïve and medication-free schizophrenic patients. Brain, behavior, and immunity. 2011 Nov; 25(8):1576-81. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2011.05.005. [PMID: 21620952]
  • Nady Braidy, Gilles J Guillemin, Hussein Mansour, Tailoi Chan-Ling, Ross Grant. Changes in kynurenine pathway metabolism in the brain, liver and kidney of aged female Wistar rats. The FEBS journal. 2011 Nov; 278(22):4425-34. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2011.08366.x. [PMID: 22032336]
  • Caroline M Forrest, Gillian M Mackay, Lynn Oxford, Keith Millar, L Gail Darlington, Michael J Higgins, Trevor W Stone. Kynurenine metabolism predicts cognitive function in patients following cardiac bypass and thoracic surgery. Journal of neurochemistry. 2011 Oct; 119(1):136-52. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07414.x. [PMID: 21819405]
  • R Lugo-Huitrón, T Blanco-Ayala, P Ugalde-Muñiz, P Carrillo-Mora, J Pedraza-Chaverrí, D Silva-Adaya, P D Maldonado, I Torres, E Pinzón, E Ortiz-Islas, T López, E García, B Pineda, M Torres-Ramos, A Santamaría, V Pérez-De La Cruz. On the antioxidant properties of kynurenic acid: free radical scavenging activity and inhibition of oxidative stress. Neurotoxicology and teratology. 2011 Sep; 33(5):538-47. doi: 10.1016/j.ntt.2011.07.002. [PMID: 21763768]
  • An Kang, Haiping Hao, Xiao Zheng, Yan Liang, Yuan Xie, Tong Xie, Chen Dai, Qijin Zhao, Xiaolan Wu, Lin Xie, Guangji Wang. Peripheral anti-inflammatory effects explain the ginsenosides paradox between poor brain distribution and anti-depression efficacy. Journal of neuroinflammation. 2011 Aug; 8(?):100. doi: 10.1186/1742-2094-8-100. [PMID: 21843370]
  • Debra E Lyon, Jeanne M Walter, Angela R Starkweather, Christine M Schubert, Nancy L McCain. Tryptophan degradation in women with breast cancer: a pilot study. BMC research notes. 2011 May; 4(?):156. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-156. [PMID: 21615916]
  • Valentina Durastanti, Alessandra Lugaresi, Placido Bramanti, Mariapia Amato, Paolo Bellantonio, Giovanna De Luca, Orietta Picconi, Roberta Fantozzi, Laura Locatelli, Annalisa Solda', Edoardo Sessa, Rocco Totaro, Silvia Marino, Valentina Zipoli, Marino Zorzon, Enrico Millefiorini. Neopterin production and tryptophan degradation during 24-months therapy with interferon beta-1a in multiple sclerosis patients. Journal of translational medicine. 2011 Apr; 9(?):42. doi: 10.1186/1479-5876-9-42. [PMID: 21501517]
  • Marcel Jenny, Angela Wondrak, Elissaveta Zvetkova, Nguyen Thi Ngoc Tram, Phan Thi Phi Phi, Harald Schennach, Zoran Culig, Florian Ueberall, Dietmar Fuchs. Crinum latifolium leave extracts suppress immune activation cascades in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and proliferation of prostate tumor cells. Scientia pharmaceutica. 2011 Apr; 79(2):323-35. doi: 10.3797/scipharm.1011-13. [PMID: 21773069]
  • Eva Ringdal Pedersen, Øivind Midttun, Per Magne Ueland, Hall Schartum-Hansen, Reinhard Seifert, Jannicke Igland, Jan Erik Nordrehaug, Marta Ebbing, Gard Svingen, Øyvind Bleie, Rolf Berge, Ottar Nygård. Systemic markers of interferon-γ-mediated immune activation and long-term prognosis in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology. 2011 Mar; 31(3):698-704. doi: 10.1161/atvbaha.110.219329. [PMID: 21183733]
  • Christabelle J Darcy, Joshua S Davis, Tonia Woodberry, Yvette R McNeil, Dianne P Stephens, Tsin W Yeo, Nicholas M Anstey. An observational cohort study of the kynurenine to tryptophan ratio in sepsis: association with impaired immune and microvascular function. PloS one. 2011; 6(6):e21185. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021185. [PMID: 21731667]
  • Berthold Kepplinger, Halina Baran, Brenda Sedlnitzky-Semler, Nagy-Roland Badawi, Helene Erhart. Stochastic resonance activity influences serum tryptophan metabolism in healthy human subjects. International journal of tryptophan research : IJTR. 2011; 4(?):49-60. doi: 10.4137/ijtr.s7986. [PMID: 22174588]
  • Oliver Fiehn, W Timothy Garvey, John W Newman, Kerry H Lok, Charles L Hoppel, Sean H Adams. Plasma metabolomic profiles reflective of glucose homeostasis in non-diabetic and type 2 diabetic obese African-American women. PloS one. 2010 Dec; 5(12):e15234. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015234. [PMID: 21170321]
  • Premysl Bercik, Elena F Verdu, Jane A Foster, Joseph Macri, Murray Potter, Xiaxing Huang, Paul Malinowski, Wendy Jackson, Patricia Blennerhassett, Karen A Neufeld, Jun Lu, Waliul I Khan, Irene Corthesy-Theulaz, Christine Cherbut, Gabriela E Bergonzelli, Stephen M Collins. Chronic gastrointestinal inflammation induces anxiety-like behavior and alters central nervous system biochemistry in mice. Gastroenterology. 2010 Dec; 139(6):2102-2112.e1. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.06.063. [PMID: 20600016]
  • Akihiko Kato, Yuzo Suzuki, Takafumi Suda, Masako Suzuki, Michio Fujie, Takako Takita, Mitsuyoshi Furuhashi, Yukitaka Maruyama, Kingo Chida, Akira Hishida. Relationship between an increased serum kynurenine/tryptophan ratio and atherosclerotic parameters in hemodialysis patients. Hemodialysis international. International Symposium on Home Hemodialysis. 2010 Oct; 14(4):418-24. doi: 10.1111/j.1542-4758.2010.00464.x. [PMID: 20673309]
  • Eva Källberg, Pernilla Wikström, Anders Bergh, Fredrik Ivars, Tomas Leanderson. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity influence tumor growth in the TRAMP prostate cancer model. The Prostate. 2010 Sep; 70(13):1461-70. doi: 10.1002/pros.21181. [PMID: 20687219]
  • Krystyna Pawlak, Anna Kowalewska, Michal Mysliwiec, Dariusz Pawlak. 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid is independently associated with monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (CCL2) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta (CCL4) in patients with chronic kidney disease. Clinical biochemistry. 2010 Sep; 43(13-14):1101-6. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2010.06.008. [PMID: 20599874]
  • Cornelia Kiank, Jan-Philip Zeden, Solveig Drude, Grazyna Domanska, Gerhard Fusch, Winfried Otten, Christine Schuett. Psychological stress-induced, IDO1-dependent tryptophan catabolism: implications on immunosuppression in mice and humans. PloS one. 2010 Jul; 5(7):e11825. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011825. [PMID: 20689575]
  • Xiangdong Liu, Niu Shin, Holly K Koblish, Gengjie Yang, Qian Wang, Kathy Wang, Lynn Leffet, Michael J Hansbury, Beth Thomas, Mark Rupar, Paul Waeltz, Kevin J Bowman, Padmaja Polam, Richard B Sparks, Eddy W Yue, Yanlong Li, Richard Wynn, Jordan S Fridman, Timothy C Burn, Andrew P Combs, Robert C Newton, Peggy A Scherle. Selective inhibition of IDO1 effectively regulates mediators of antitumor immunity. Blood. 2010 Apr; 115(17):3520-30. doi: 10.1182/blood-2009-09-246124. [PMID: 20197554]
  • Annelies Vertommen, Bart Panis, Rony Swennen, Sebastien Christian Carpentier. Evaluation of chloroform/methanol extraction to facilitate the study of membrane proteins of non-model plants. Planta. 2010 Apr; 231(5):1113-25. doi: 10.1007/s00425-010-1121-1. [PMID: 20177697]
  • Yuzo Suzuki, Takafumi Suda, Kazuki Furuhashi, Masako Suzuki, Michio Fujie, Dai Hahimoto, Yutaro Nakamura, Naoki Inui, Hirotoshi Nakamura, Kingo Chida. Increased serum kynurenine/tryptophan ratio correlates with disease progression in lung cancer. Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands). 2010 Mar; 67(3):361-5. doi: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2009.05.001. [PMID: 19487045]
  • Shikha Taneja, Somdutta Sen, Vijay K Gupta, Rakesh Aggarwal, Shahid Jameel. Plasma and urine biomarkers in acute viral hepatitis E. Proteome science. 2009 Oct; 7(?):39. doi: 10.1186/1477-5956-7-39. [PMID: 19860894]
  • Pilar Truchado, Isabel Martos, Laura Bortolotti, Anna G Sabatini, Federico Ferreres, Francisco A Tomas-Barberan. Use of quinoline alkaloids as markers of the floral origin of chestnut honey. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2009 Jul; 57(13):5680-6. doi: 10.1021/jf900766v. [PMID: 19530652]
  • Tim T Lögters, Maurice D Laryea, Jens Altrichter, Janina Sokolowski, Jindrich Cinatl, Jenny Reipen, Wolfgang Linhart, Joachim Windolf, Martin Scholz, Michael Wild. Increased plasma kynurenine values and kynurenine-tryptophan ratios after major trauma are early indicators for the development of sepsis. Shock (Augusta, Ga.). 2009 Jul; 32(1):29-34. doi: 10.1097/shk.0b013e31819714fa. [PMID: 19060785]
  • Jörg C Schefold, Jan-Philip Zeden, Christina Fotopoulou, Stephan von Haehling, Rene Pschowski, Dietrich Hasper, Hans-Dieter Volk, Christine Schuett, Petra Reinke. Increased indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity and elevated serum levels of tryptophan catabolites in patients with chronic kidney disease: a possible link between chronic inflammation and uraemic symptoms. Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association. 2009 Jun; 24(6):1901-8. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfn739. [PMID: 19155537]
  • Sandra Barry, G Clarke, P Scully, T G Dinan. Kynurenine pathway in psychosis: evidence of increased tryptophan degradation. Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England). 2009 May; 23(3):287-94. doi: 10.1177/0269881108089583. [PMID: 18562404]
  • J C O'Connor, M A Lawson, C André, M Moreau, J Lestage, N Castanon, K W Kelley, R Dantzer. Lipopolysaccharide-induced depressive-like behavior is mediated by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activation in mice. Molecular psychiatry. 2009 May; 14(5):511-22. doi: 10.1038/sj.mp.4002148. [PMID: 18195714]
  • Weiping Hou, Suzhi Li, Yinping Wu, Xiang Du, Fahuan Yuan. Inhibition of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase-mediated tryptophan catabolism accelerates crescentic glomerulonephritis. Clinical and experimental immunology. 2009 May; 156(2):363-72. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.03902.x. [PMID: 19302241]
  • C Alfaro, N Suarez, A Gonzalez, S Solano, L Erro, J Dubrot, A Palazon, S Hervas-Stubbs, A Gurpide, J M Lopez-Picazo, E Grande-Pulido, I Melero, J L Perez-Gracia. Influence of bevacizumab, sunitinib and sorafenib as single agents or in combination on the inhibitory effects of VEGF on human dendritic cell differentiation from monocytes. British journal of cancer. 2009 Apr; 100(7):1111-9. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604965. [PMID: 19277038]
  • Jason C O'Connor, Caroline André, Yunxia Wang, Marcus A Lawson, Sandra S Szegedi, Jacques Lestage, Nathalie Castanon, Keith W Kelley, Robert Dantzer. Interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha mediate the upregulation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and the induction of depressive-like behavior in mice in response to bacillus Calmette-Guerin. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. 2009 Apr; 29(13):4200-9. doi: 10.1523/jneurosci.5032-08.2009. [PMID: 19339614]
  • Selim Corm, Céline Berthon, Michel Imbenotte, Valeria Biggio, Michel Lhermitte, Caroline Dupont, Isabelle Briche, Bruno Quesnel. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity of acute myeloid leukemia cells can be measured from patients' sera by HPLC and is inducible by IFN-gamma. Leukemia research. 2009 Mar; 33(3):490-4. doi: 10.1016/j.leukres.2008.06.014. [PMID: 18639339]
  • Gerard Clarke, Peter Fitzgerald, John F Cryan, Eugene M Cassidy, Eamonn M Quigley, Timothy G Dinan. Tryptophan degradation in irritable bowel syndrome: evidence of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activation in a male cohort. BMC gastroenterology. 2009 Jan; 9(?):6. doi: 10.1186/1471-230x-9-6. [PMID: 19154614]
  • Pierre Delaplace, Marie-Laure Fauconnier, Kjell Sergeant, Jean-François Dierick, Mouhssin Oufir, Froukje van der Wal, Antoine H P America, Jenny Renaut, Jean-François Hausman, Patrick du Jardin. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber ageing induces changes in the proteome and antioxidants associated with the sprouting pattern. Journal of experimental botany. 2009; 60(4):1273-88. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erp008. [PMID: 19204031]
  • Alato Okuno, Tsutomu Fukuwatari, Katsumi Shibata. Urinary excretory ratio of anthranilic acid/kynurenic acid as an index of the tolerable amount of tryptophan. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry. 2008 Jul; 72(7):1667-72. doi: 10.1271/bbb.70630. [PMID: 18603814]
  • A Laurence, S M Edbury, A M Marinaki, R T Smolenski, D J A Goldsmith, H A Simmonds, E A Carrey. 4-pyridone-3-carboxamide ribonucleoside triphosphate accumulating in erythrocytes in end stage renal failure originates from tryptophan metabolism. Clinical and experimental medicine. 2007 Dec; 7(4):135-41. doi: 10.1007/s10238-007-0137-8. [PMID: 18188525]
  • Thijs Kaper, Loren L Looger, Hitomi Takanaga, Michael Platten, Lawrence Steinman, Wolf B Frommer. Nanosensor detection of an immunoregulatory tryptophan influx/kynurenine efflux cycle. PLoS biology. 2007 Oct; 5(10):e257. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0050257. [PMID: 17896864]
  • Pieter J Hoekstra, George M Anderson, Pieter W Troost, Cees G M Kallenberg, Ruud B Minderaa. Plasma kynurenine and related measures in tic disorder patients. European child & adolescent psychiatry. 2007 Jun; 16 Suppl 1(?):71-7. doi: 10.1007/s00787-007-1009-1. [PMID: 17665285]
  • Stefano Comai, Carlo V L Costa, Eugenio Ragazzi, Antonella Bertazzo, Graziella Allegri. The effect of age on the enzyme activities of tryptophan metabolism along the kynurenine pathway in rats. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry. 2005 Oct; 360(1-2):67-80. doi: 10.1016/j.cccn.2005.04.013. [PMID: 15970278]
  • A Amirkhani, C Rajda, B Arvidsson, K Bencsik, K Boda, E Seres, K E Markides, L Vécsei, J Bergquist. Interferon-beta affects the tryptophan metabolism in multiple sclerosis patients. European journal of neurology. 2005 Aug; 12(8):625-31. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2005.01041.x. [PMID: 16053472]
  • Katharina Pellegrin, Gabriele Neurauter, Barbara Wirleitner, Arthur W Fleming, Verlyn M Peterson, Dietmar Fuchs. Enhanced enzymatic degradation of tryptophan by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase contributes to the tryptophan-deficient state seen after major trauma. Shock (Augusta, Ga.). 2005 Mar; 23(3):209-15. doi: NULL. [PMID: 15718917]
  • Barbara Frick, Lucile Capuron, Katharina Schröcksnadel, Dominique L Musselman, David H Lawson, Charles B Nemeroff, Andrew H Miller, Dietmar Fuchs. Plasma homocysteine and immune activation in patients with malignant melanoma undergoing treatment with IFN-alpha. Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research. 2004 May; 24(5):311-7. doi: 10.1089/107999004323065101. [PMID: 15153315]
  • Eliska Marklová, Ziad Albahri, Marie Nozicková. HPLC profiling of Trp-related metabolites in humans. Advances in experimental medicine and biology. 2003; 527(?):739-44. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-0135-0_87. [PMID: 15206797]
  • Michael Maes, Robert Verkerk, Stephania Bonaccorso, Willem Ombelet, Eugene Bosmans, Simon Scharpé. Depressive and anxiety symptoms in the early puerperium are related to increased degradation of tryptophan into kynurenine, a phenomenon which is related to immune activation. Life sciences. 2002 Sep; 71(16):1837-48. doi: 10.1016/s0024-3205(02)01853-2. [PMID: 12175700]
  • A Huang, D Fuchs, B Widner, C Glover, D C Henderson, T G Allen-Mersh. Serum tryptophan decrease correlates with immune activation and impaired quality of life in colorectal cancer. British journal of cancer. 2002 Jun; 86(11):1691-6. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600336. [PMID: 12087451]
  • B Widner, F Leblhuber, D Fuchs. Increased neopterin production and tryptophan degradation in advanced Parkinson's disease. Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996). 2002 Feb; 109(2):181-9. doi: 10.1007/s007020200014. [PMID: 12075858]
  • M Maes, S Bonaccorso, V Marino, A Puzella, M Pasquini, M Biondi, M Artini, C Almerighi, H Meltzer. Treatment with interferon-alpha (IFN alpha) of hepatitis C patients induces lower serum dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity, which is related to IFN alpha-induced depressive and anxiety symptoms and immune activation. Molecular psychiatry. 2001 Jul; 6(4):475-80. doi: 10.1038/sj.mp.4000872. [PMID: 11443537]