Acetylcarnitine (BioDeep_00000002994)
Secondary id: BioDeep_00001868352
natural product human metabolite PANOMIX_OTCML-2023 BioNovoGene_Lab2019
代谢物信息卡片
O-Acety-L-carnitine hydrochloride
化学式: [C9H18NO4]+ (204.1235768)
中文名称: 乙酰基肉碱, 乙酰左旋肉碱
谱图信息:
最多检出来源 Homo sapiens(blood) 2.92%
分子结构信息
SMILES: CC(=O)OC(CC(=O)O)C[N+](C)(C)C
InChI: InChI=1S/C9H17NO4/c1-7(11)14-8(5-9(12)13)6-10(2,3)4/h8H,5-6H2,1-4H3/p+1/t8-/m0/s1
描述信息
Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST.
KEIO_ID A143; [MS2] KO009087
KEIO_ID A143
同义名列表
数据库引用编号
28 个数据库交叉引用编号
- ChEBI: CHEBI:15960
- KEGG: C02571
- PubChem: 439756
- HMDB: HMDB00201
- ChEMBL: CHEMBL1358846
- CAS: 14992-62-2
- CAS: 5080-50-2
- MoNA: PS099803
- MoNA: KO009087
- MoNA: PR100396
- MoNA: KO002333
- MoNA: KO009088
- MoNA: PS099801
- MoNA: MT000036
- MoNA: KO002337
- MoNA: KO009089
- MoNA: KO002335
- MoNA: KO002336
- MoNA: PS099806
- MoNA: PS099804
- MoNA: PS099802
- MoNA: KO002334
- MoNA: PS099805
- PubChem: 5567
- LipidMAPS: LMFA07070050
- 3DMET: B01589
- NIKKAJI: J370.408D
- BioNovoGene_Lab2019: BioNovoGene_Lab2019-277
分类词条
相关代谢途径
Reactome(5)
BioCyc(0)
PlantCyc(0)
代谢反应
60 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。
Reactome(60)
- Metabolism:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Metabolism of lipids:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Fatty acid metabolism:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Peroxisomal lipid metabolism:
3-oxopristanoyl-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Beta-oxidation of pristanoyl-CoA:
3-oxopristanoyl-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Metabolism:
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-one-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ choloyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Metabolism of lipids:
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-one-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ choloyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Fatty acid metabolism:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Peroxisomal lipid metabolism:
3-oxopristanoyl-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Beta-oxidation of pristanoyl-CoA:
3-oxopristanoyl-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Metabolism:
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-one-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ choloyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Metabolism of lipids:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Fatty acid metabolism:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Peroxisomal lipid metabolism:
3-oxopristanoyl-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Beta-oxidation of pristanoyl-CoA:
3-oxopristanoyl-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Metabolism:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Metabolism of lipids:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Fatty acid metabolism:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Peroxisomal lipid metabolism:
3-oxopristanoyl-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Beta-oxidation of pristanoyl-CoA:
3-oxopristanoyl-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Metabolism:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Metabolism of lipids:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Fatty acid metabolism:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Peroxisomal lipid metabolism:
3-oxopristanoyl-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Beta-oxidation of pristanoyl-CoA:
3-oxopristanoyl-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Metabolism:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Metabolism of lipids:
3-oxopristanoyl-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Fatty acid metabolism:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Peroxisomal lipid metabolism:
3-oxopristanoyl-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Beta-oxidation of pristanoyl-CoA:
3-oxopristanoyl-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Metabolism:
2MACA-CoA + CoA ⟶ Ac-CoA + PROP-CoA - Metabolism of lipids:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Fatty acid metabolism:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Peroxisomal lipid metabolism:
3-oxopristanoyl-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Beta-oxidation of pristanoyl-CoA:
3-oxopristanoyl-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Metabolism:
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-one-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ choloyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Metabolism of lipids:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Fatty acid metabolism:
ATP + PROP-CoA + carbon dioxide ⟶ ADP + MEMA-CoA + Pi - Peroxisomal lipid metabolism:
3-oxopristanoyl-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Beta-oxidation of pristanoyl-CoA:
3-oxopristanoyl-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Metabolism:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Metabolism of lipids:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Fatty acid metabolism:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Peroxisomal lipid metabolism:
3-oxopristanoyl-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Beta-oxidation of pristanoyl-CoA:
3-oxopristanoyl-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Metabolism:
2MACA-CoA + CoA ⟶ Ac-CoA + PROP-CoA - Metabolism of lipids:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Fatty acid metabolism:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Peroxisomal lipid metabolism:
3-oxopristanoyl-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Beta-oxidation of pristanoyl-CoA:
3-oxopristanoyl-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Metabolism:
ATP + PROP-CoA + carbon dioxide ⟶ ADP + MEMA-CoA + Pi - Metabolism of lipids:
ATP + PROP-CoA + carbon dioxide ⟶ ADP + MEMA-CoA + Pi - Fatty acid metabolism:
ATP + PROP-CoA + carbon dioxide ⟶ ADP + MEMA-CoA + Pi - Peroxisomal lipid metabolism:
CAR + propionyl CoA ⟶ CoA-SH + Propionylcarnitine - Beta-oxidation of pristanoyl-CoA:
CAR + propionyl CoA ⟶ CoA-SH + Propionylcarnitine - Metabolism:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Metabolism of lipids:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Fatty acid metabolism:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA - Peroxisomal lipid metabolism:
3-oxopristanoyl-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoA + propionyl CoA - Beta-oxidation of pristanoyl-CoA:
3-oxopristanoyl-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoA + propionyl CoA
BioCyc(0)
WikiPathways(0)
Plant Reactome(0)
INOH(0)
PlantCyc(0)
COVID-19 Disease Map(0)
PathBank(0)
PharmGKB(0)
1 个相关的物种来源信息
在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：
- PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
- NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
- Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
- Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。
点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。
文献列表
- Réjane Morand, Liliane Todesco, Massimiliano Donzelli, David Fischer-Barnicol, Peter J Mullen, Stephan Krähenbühl. Effect of short- and long-term treatment with valproate on carnitine homeostasis in humans.
Therapeutic drug monitoring.
2012 Aug; 34(4):406-14. doi:
10.1097/ftd.0b013e3182608e2f. [PMID: 22743351] - Chaoxin Hu, Cynthia S Lancaster, Zhili Zuo, Shuiying Hu, Zhaoyuan Chen, Jeffrey E Rubnitz, Sharyn D Baker, Alex Sparreboom. Inhibition of OCTN2-mediated transport of carnitine by etoposide.
Molecular cancer therapeutics.
2012 Apr; 11(4):921-9. doi:
10.1158/1535-7163.mct-11-0980. [PMID: 22389472] - Gloria Schlegel, Janine Keller, Frank Hirche, Stefanie Geissler, Frieder J Schwarz, Robert Ringseis, Gabriele I Stangl, Klaus Eder. Expression of genes involved in hepatic carnitine synthesis and uptake in dairy cows in the transition period and at different stages of lactation.
BMC veterinary research.
2012 Mar; 8(?):28. doi:
10.1186/1746-6148-8-28. [PMID: 22417075] - Mariano Malaguarnera. Carnitine derivatives: clinical usefulness.
Current opinion in gastroenterology.
2012 Mar; 28(2):166-76. doi:
10.1097/mog.0b013e3283505a3b. [PMID: 22333562] - Naglaa Assaf, Aziza B Shalby, Wagdy K B Khalil, Hanaa H Ahmed. Biochemical and genetic alterations of oxidant/antioxidant status of the brain in rats treated with dexamethasone: protective roles of melatonin and acetyl-L-carnitine.
Journal of physiology and biochemistry.
2012 Mar; 68(1):77-90. doi:
10.1007/s13105-011-0121-3. [PMID: 21986892] - Bhavapriya Vaitheesvaran, Li Yang, Kirsten Hartil, Sherrye Glaser, Stephen Yazulla, James E Bruce, Irwin J Kurland. Peripheral effects of FAAH deficiency on fuel and energy homeostasis: role of dysregulated lysine acetylation.
PloS one.
2012; 7(3):e33717. doi:
10.1371/journal.pone.0033717. [PMID: 22442717] - Carmen Mingorance, Lucie Duluc, Matthieu Chalopin, Gilles Simard, Pierre-Henri Ducluzeau, Maria Dolores Herrera, Maria Alvarez de Sotomayor, Ramaroson Andriantsitohaina. Propionyl-L-carnitine corrects metabolic and cardiovascular alterations in diet-induced obese mice and improves liver respiratory chain activity.
PloS one.
2012; 7(3):e34268. doi:
10.1371/journal.pone.0034268. [PMID: 22457831] - Sawsan A Zaitone, Dina M Abo-Elmatty, Aly A Shaalan. Acetyl-L-carnitine and α-lipoic acid affect rotenone-induced damage in nigral dopaminergic neurons of rat brain, implication for Parkinson's disease therapy.
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior.
2012 Jan; 100(3):347-60. doi:
10.1016/j.pbb.2011.09.002. [PMID: 21958946] - Annie M Behrend, Cary O Harding, James D Shoemaker, Dietrich Matern, David J Sahn, Diane L Elliot, Melanie B Gillingham. Substrate oxidation and cardiac performance during exercise in disorders of long chain fatty acid oxidation.
Molecular genetics and metabolism.
2012 Jan; 105(1):110-5. doi:
10.1016/j.ymgme.2011.09.030. [PMID: 22030098] - Joan Smith Sonneborn. Alternative strategy for Alzheimer's disease: stress response triggers.
International journal of Alzheimer's disease.
2012; 2012(?):684283. doi:
10.1155/2012/684283. [PMID: 22655213] - Thangaraj Annadurai, Shankaravadivelu Vigneshwari, Rajendran Thirukumaran, Philip A Thomas, Pitchairaj Geraldine. Acetyl-L-carnitine prevents carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress in various tissues of Wistar rats.
Journal of physiology and biochemistry.
2011 Dec; 67(4):519-30. doi:
10.1007/s13105-011-0097-z. [PMID: 21618017] - Kuan-Hsing Chen, Mei-Ling Cheng, Yu-Hong Jing, Daniel Tsun-Yee Chiu, Ming-Shi Shiao, Jan-Kan Chen. Resveratrol ameliorates metabolic disorders and muscle wasting in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism.
2011 Nov; 301(5):E853-63. doi:
10.1152/ajpendo.00048.2011. [PMID: 21791624] - Roberto Federico Villa, Federica Ferrari, Antonella Gorini. Effect of in vivo L-acetylcarnitine administration on ATP-ases enzyme systems of synaptic plasma membranes from rat cerebral cortex.
Neurochemical research.
2011 Aug; 36(8):1372-82. doi:
10.1007/s11064-011-0462-x. [PMID: 21479591] - Jerome Sarris, James Kean, Isaac Schweitzer, James Lake. Complementary medicines (herbal and nutritional products) in the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): a systematic review of the evidence.
Complementary therapies in medicine.
2011 Aug; 19(4):216-27. doi:
10.1016/j.ctim.2011.06.007. [PMID: 21827936] - Kirstin Mittelstrass, Janina S Ried, Zhonghao Yu, Jan Krumsiek, Christian Gieger, Cornelia Prehn, Werner Roemisch-Margl, Alexey Polonikov, Annette Peters, Fabian J Theis, Thomas Meitinger, Florian Kronenberg, Stephan Weidinger, Heinz Erich Wichmann, Karsten Suhre, Rui Wang-Sattler, Jerzy Adamski, Thomas Illig. Discovery of sexual dimorphisms in metabolic and genetic biomarkers.
PLoS genetics.
2011 Aug; 7(8):e1002215. doi:
10.1371/journal.pgen.1002215. [PMID: 21852955] - Su Liu, Han-Jun Wu, Zong-Qi Zhang, Qing Chen, Bin Liu, Jian-Ping Wu, Liang Zhu. L-carnitine ameliorates cancer cachexia in mice by regulating the expression and activity of carnitine palmityl transferase.
Cancer biology & therapy.
2011 Jul; 12(2):125-30. doi:
10.4161/cbt.12.2.15717. [PMID: 21532335] - José M Cacicedo, Sunun Benjachareonwong, Eva Chou, Norito Yagihashi, Neil B Ruderman, Yasuo Ido. Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase prevents lipotoxicity in retinal pericytes.
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.
2011 Jun; 52(6):3630-9. doi:
10.1167/iovs.10-5784. [PMID: 21345991] - Worapan Pormsila, Réjane Morand, Stephan Krähenbühl, Peter C Hauser. Capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection for the determination of carnitine and acylcarnitines in clinical samples.
Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences.
2011 Apr; 879(13-14):921-6. doi:
10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.02.046. [PMID: 21435958] - A D Genazzani, C Lanzoni, F Ricchieri, S Santagni, E Rattighieri, E Chierchia, P Monteleone, V M Jasonni. Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) administration positively affects reproductive axis in hypogonadotropic women with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea.
Journal of endocrinological investigation.
2011 Apr; 34(4):287-91. doi:
10.1007/bf03347087. [PMID: 20414046] - Benjamin T Wall, Francis B Stephens, Dumitru Constantin-Teodosiu, Kanagaraj Marimuthu, Ian A Macdonald, Paul L Greenhaff. Chronic oral ingestion of L-carnitine and carbohydrate increases muscle carnitine content and alters muscle fuel metabolism during exercise in humans.
The Journal of physiology.
2011 Feb; 589(Pt 4):963-73. doi:
10.1113/jphysiol.2010.201343. [PMID: 21224234] - Silvie Timmers, Johan de Vogel-van den Bosch, Matthijs K C Hesselink, Denis van Beurden, Gert Schaart, Maria Joao Ferraz, Mario Losen, Pilar Martinez-Martinez, Marc H De Baets, Johannes M F G Aerts, Patrick Schrauwen. Paradoxical increase in TAG and DAG content parallel the insulin sensitizing effect of unilateral DGAT1 overexpression in rat skeletal muscle.
PloS one.
2011 Jan; 6(1):e14503. doi:
10.1371/journal.pone.0014503. [PMID: 21264296] - El-Sayed E El-Awady, Yasser M Moustafa, Dina M Abo-Elmatty, Asmaa Radwan. Cisplatin-induced cardiotoxicity: Mechanisms and cardioprotective strategies.
European journal of pharmacology.
2011 Jan; 650(1):335-41. doi:
10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.09.085. [PMID: 21034734] - M Niang, T Soukup, P Zivný, P Tomšík, J Bukač, M Rezáčová, A Stoklasová, J Cerman, L Sišpera. Biochemical and pharmacological effects of mitoxantrone and acetyl-L-carnitine in mice with a solid form of Ehrlich tumour.
Chemotherapy.
2011; 57(1):35-42. doi:
10.1159/000321296. [PMID: 21212670] - Barbara Roe, Elizabeth Kensicki, Robert Mohney, William W Hall. Metabolomic profile of hepatitis C virus-infected hepatocytes.
PloS one.
2011; 6(8):e23641. doi:
10.1371/journal.pone.0023641. [PMID: 21853158] - Oliver Fiehn, W Timothy Garvey, John W Newman, Kerry H Lok, Charles L Hoppel, Sean H Adams. Plasma metabolomic profiles reflective of glucose homeostasis in non-diabetic and type 2 diabetic obese African-American women.
PloS one.
2010 Dec; 5(12):e15234. doi:
10.1371/journal.pone.0015234. [PMID: 21170321] - Karsten Suhre, Christa Meisinger, Angela Döring, Elisabeth Altmaier, Petra Belcredi, Christian Gieger, David Chang, Michael V Milburn, Walter E Gall, Klaus M Weinberger, Hans-Werner Mewes, Martin Hrabé de Angelis, H-Erich Wichmann, Florian Kronenberg, Jerzy Adamski, Thomas Illig. Metabolic footprint of diabetes: a multiplatform metabolomics study in an epidemiological setting.
PloS one.
2010 Nov; 5(11):e13953. doi:
10.1371/journal.pone.0013953. [PMID: 21085649] - Kuo-Chu Chang, Chuen-Den Tseng, Shao-Chun Lu, Jin-Tung Liang, Ming-Shiou Wu, Ming-Shian Tsai, Kwan-Lih Hsu. Effects of acetyl-L-carnitine and oxfenicine on aorta stiffness in diabetic rats.
European journal of clinical investigation.
2010 Nov; 40(11):1002-10. doi:
10.1111/j.1365-2362.2010.02358.x. [PMID: 20678118] - Laura Milazzo, Barbara Menzaghi, Ilaria Caramma, Milena Nasi, Ornella Sangaletti, Miriam Cesari, Barbara Zanone Poma, Andrea Cossarizza, Spinello Antinori, Massimo Galli. Effect of antioxidants on mitochondrial function in HIV-1-related lipoatrophy: a pilot study.
AIDS research and human retroviruses.
2010 Nov; 26(11):1207-14. doi:
10.1089/aid.2010.0024. [PMID: 20977356] - Cynthia S Lancaster, Chaoxin Hu, Ryan M Franke, Kelly K Filipski, Shelley J Orwick, Zhaoyuan Chen, Zhili Zuo, Walter J Loos, Alex Sparreboom. Cisplatin-induced downregulation of OCTN2 affects carnitine wasting.
Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.
2010 Oct; 16(19):4789-99. doi:
10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-1239. [PMID: 20858838] - Ronald J A Wanders, Jos P N Ruiter, Lodewijk IJLst, Hans R Waterham, Sander M Houten. The enzymology of mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation and its application to follow-up analysis of positive neonatal screening results.
Journal of inherited metabolic disease.
2010 Oct; 33(5):479-94. doi:
10.1007/s10545-010-9104-8. [PMID: 20490924] - Nobue Shishioh-Ikejima, Tokiko Ogawa, Kouzi Yamaguti, Yasuyoshi Watanabe, Hirohiko Kuratsune, Hiroshi Kiyama. The increase of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in the plasma of chronic fatigue syndrome patients.
BMC neurology.
2010 Aug; 10(?):73. doi:
10.1186/1471-2377-10-73. [PMID: 20731841] - N Calandrella, C De Seta, G Scarsella, G Risuleo. Carnitine reduces the lipoperoxidative damage of the membrane and apoptosis after induction of cell stress in experimental glaucoma.
Cell death & disease.
2010 Aug; 1(?):e62. doi:
10.1038/cddis.2010.40. [PMID: 21364667] - Rainer Lehmann, Xinjie Zhao, Cora Weigert, Perikles Simon, Elvira Fehrenbach, Jens Fritsche, Jürgen Machann, Fritz Schick, Jiangshan Wang, Miriam Hoene, Erwin D Schleicher, Hans-Ulrich Häring, Guowang Xu, Andreas M Niess. Medium chain acylcarnitines dominate the metabolite pattern in humans under moderate intensity exercise and support lipid oxidation.
PloS one.
2010 Jul; 5(7):e11519. doi:
10.1371/journal.pone.0011519. [PMID: 20634953] - Tomohiro Hori, Toshiyuki Fukao, Hironori Kobayashi, Takahide Teramoto, Masaki Takayanagi, Yuki Hasegawa, Tetsuhiko Yasuno, Seiji Yamaguchi, Naomi Kondo. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 deficiency: the time-course of blood and urinary acylcarnitine levels during initial L-carnitine supplementation.
The Tohoku journal of experimental medicine.
2010 Jul; 221(3):191-5. doi:
10.1620/tjem.221.191. [PMID: 20543534] - Kang-Hsiang Cheng, Mei-Ying Liu, Chuan-Hong Kao, Yann-Jang Chen, Kwang-Jen Hsiao, Tze-Tze Liu, Hsiang-Yu Lin, Cheng-Hung Huang, Chuan-Chi Chiang, Huey-Jane Ho, Shuan-Pei Lin, Ni-Chung Lee, Wuh-Liang Hwu, Ju-Li Lin, Ping-Yao Hung, Dau-Ming Niu. Newborn screening for methylmalonic aciduria by tandem mass spectrometry: 7 years' experience from two centers in Taiwan.
Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA.
2010 Jun; 73(6):314-8. doi:
10.1016/s1726-4901(10)70067-8. [PMID: 20603089] - Hong Li, Seiji Fukuda, Yuki Hasegawa, Hironori Kobayashi, Jamiyan Purevsuren, Yuichi Mushimoto, Seiji Yamaguchi. Effect of heat stress and bezafibrate on mitochondrial beta-oxidation: comparison between cultured cells from normal and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation disorder children using in vitro probe acylcarnitine profiling assay.
Brain & development.
2010 May; 32(5):362-70. doi:
10.1016/j.braindev.2009.06.001. [PMID: 19589653] - Robert Ringseis, Nicole Hanisch, Gregor Seliger, Klaus Eder. Low availability of carnitine precursors as a possible reason for the diminished plasma carnitine concentrations in pregnant women.
BMC pregnancy and childbirth.
2010 Apr; 10(?):17. doi:
10.1186/1471-2393-10-17. [PMID: 20416111] - Angika Basant, Mayuri Rege, Shobhona Sharma, Haripalsingh M Sonawat. Alterations in urine, serum and brain metabolomic profiles exhibit sexual dimorphism during malaria disease progression.
Malaria journal.
2010 Apr; 9(?):110. doi:
10.1186/1475-2875-9-110. [PMID: 20412601] - Judith L Flanagan, Peter A Simmons, Joseph Vehige, Mark Dp Willcox, Qian Garrett. Role of carnitine in disease.
Nutrition & metabolism.
2010 Apr; 7(?):30. doi:
10.1186/1743-7075-7-30. [PMID: 20398344] - Zekiye Sultan Altun, Dilek Güneş, Safiye Aktaş, Zübeyde Erbayraktar, Zübeyde Erbayrktar, Nur Olgun. Protective effects of acetyl-L-carnitine on cisplatin cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in neuroblastoma.
Neurochemical research.
2010 Mar; 35(3):437-43. doi:
10.1007/s11064-009-0076-8. [PMID: 19851866] - Hiroki Tsuchida, Naohiko Anzai, Ho J Shin, Michael F Wempe, Promsuk Jutabha, Atsushi Enomoto, Seok H Cha, Takeo Satoh, Masashi Ishida, Hiroyuki Sakurai, Hitoshi Endou. Identification of a novel organic anion transporter mediating carnitine transport in mouse liver and kidney.
Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology.
2010; 25(4-5):511-22. doi:
10.1159/000303060. [PMID: 20332632] - Vittorio Calabrese, Carolin Cornelius, Cesare Mancuso, Riccardo Lentile, A M Giuffrida Stella, D Allan Butterfield. Redox homeostasis and cellular stress response in aging and neurodegeneration.
Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.).
2010; 610(?):285-308. doi:
10.1007/978-1-60327-029-8_17. [PMID: 20013185] - Lauren L Jones, David A McDonald, Peggy R Borum. Acylcarnitines: role in brain.
Progress in lipid research.
2010 Jan; 49(1):61-75. doi:
10.1016/j.plipres.2009.08.004. [PMID: 19720082] - Yang-Yang Yin, Hao Liu, Xiao-Bin Cong, Zhao Liu, Qun Wang, Jian-Zhi Wang, Ling-Qiang Zhu. Acetyl-L-carnitine attenuates okadaic acid induced tau hyperphosphorylation and spatial memory impairment in rats.
Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD.
2010; 19(2):735-46. doi:
10.3233/jad-2010-1272. [PMID: 20110616] - Ana Navarro, Alberto Boveris. Brain mitochondrial dysfunction in aging, neurodegeneration, and Parkinson's disease.
Frontiers in aging neuroscience.
2010; 2(?):. doi:
10.3389/fnagi.2010.00034. [PMID: 20890446] - Lori-Ann Christie, Wycliffe O Opii, Elizabeth Head, Joseph A Araujo, Christina de Rivera, Norton W Milgram, Carl W Cotman. Short-term supplementation with acetyl-L-carnitine and lipoic acid alters plasma protein carbonyl levels but does not improve cognition in aged beagles.
Experimental gerontology.
2009 Dec; 44(12):752-9. doi:
10.1016/j.exger.2009.08.012. [PMID: 19735717] - Kyoko Yokoi, Tetsuya Ito, Yasuhiro Maeda, Yoko Nakajima, Yukihisa Kurono, Naruji Sugiyama, Hajime Togari. A case of holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency with insufficient response to prenatal biotin therapy.
Brain & development.
2009 Nov; 31(10):775-8. doi:
10.1016/j.braindev.2008.12.016. [PMID: 19201116] - S Benedini, G Perseghin, I Terruzzi, P Scifo, P L Invernizzi, A Del Maschio, A Lazzarin, L Luzi. Effect of L-acetylcarnitine on body composition in HIV-related lipodystrophy.
Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme.
2009 Nov; 41(11):840-5. doi:
10.1055/s-0029-1225625. [PMID: 19598076] - Andrew D Patterson, Ondrej Slanar, Kristopher W Krausz, Fei Li, Constance C Höfer, Frantisek Perlík, Frank J Gonzalez, Jeffrey R Idle. Human urinary metabolomic profile of PPARalpha induced fatty acid beta-oxidation.
Journal of proteome research.
2009 Sep; 8(9):4293-300. doi:
10.1021/pr9004103. [PMID: 19569716] - Kim M Huffman, Svati H Shah, Robert D Stevens, James R Bain, Michael Muehlbauer, Cris A Slentz, Charles J Tanner, Maragatha Kuchibhatla, Joseph A Houmard, Christopher B Newgard, William E Kraus. Relationships between circulating metabolic intermediates and insulin action in overweight to obese, inactive men and women.
Diabetes care.
2009 Sep; 32(9):1678-83. doi:
10.2337/dc08-2075. [PMID: 19502541] - Robert C Noland, Timothy R Koves, Sarah E Seiler, Helen Lum, Robert M Lust, Olga Ilkayeva, Robert D Stevens, Fausto G Hegardt, Deborah M Muoio. Carnitine insufficiency caused by aging and overnutrition compromises mitochondrial performance and metabolic control.
The Journal of biological chemistry.
2009 Aug; 284(34):22840-52. doi:
10.1074/jbc.m109.032888. [PMID: 19553674] - Fengxia Zhang, Zhenhua Jia, Peng Gao, Hongwei Kong, Xiang Li, Jing Chen, Qin Yang, Peiyuan Yin, Jiangshan Wang, Xin Lu, Famei Li, Yiling Wu, Guowang Xu. Metabonomics study of atherosclerosis rats by ultra fast liquid chromatography coupled with ion trap-time of flight mass spectrometry.
Talanta.
2009 Aug; 79(3):836-44. doi:
10.1016/j.talanta.2009.05.010. [PMID: 19576453] - Amanda P Waller, Raymond J Geor, Lawrence L Spriet, George J F Heigenhauser, Michael I Lindinger. Oral acetate supplementation after prolonged moderate intensity exercise enhances early muscle glycogen resynthesis in horses.
Experimental physiology.
2009 Aug; 94(8):888-98. doi:
10.1113/expphysiol.2009.047068. [PMID: 19429643] - R Elanchezhian, M Sakthivel, M Isai, P Geraldine, P A Thomas. Evaluation of lenticular antioxidant and redox system components in the lenses of acetyl-L-carnitine treatment in BSO-induced glutathione deprivation.
Molecular vision.
2009 Jul; 15(?):1485-91. doi:
". [PMID: 19649174] - Hossam M M Arafa, Ramadan A M Hemeida, Mohamed I A Hassan, Mohammed H Abdel-Wahab, Osama A Badary, Farid M A Hamada. Acetyl-L-carnitine ameliorates caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in rats.
Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology.
2009 Jul; 105(1):30-6. doi:
10.1111/j.1742-7843.2009.00399.x. [PMID: 19371263] - Mariano Malaguarnera, Corrado Risino, Lisa Cammalleri, Lucia Malaguarnera, Marinella Astuto, Ignazio Vecchio, Liborio Rampello. Branched chain amino acids supplemented with L-acetylcarnitine versus BCAA treatment in hepatic coma: a randomized and controlled double blind study.
European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology.
2009 Jul; 21(7):762-70. doi:
10.1097/meg.0b013e328309c791. [PMID: 19357525] - K Barhwal, S K Hota, V Jain, D Prasad, S B Singh, G Ilavazhagan. Acetyl-l-carnitine (ALCAR) prevents hypobaric hypoxia-induced spatial memory impairment through extracellular related kinase-mediated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 phosphorylation.
Neuroscience.
2009 Jun; 161(2):501-14. doi:
10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.02.086. [PMID: 19318118] - Jiangang Long, Feng Gao, Liqi Tong, Carl W Cotman, Bruce N Ames, Jiankang Liu. Mitochondrial decay in the brains of old rats: ameliorating effect of alpha-lipoic acid and acetyl-L-carnitine.
Neurochemical research.
2009 Apr; 34(4):755-63. doi:
10.1007/s11064-008-9850-2. [PMID: 18846423] - Yu Cao, Yun-xiao Wang, Cheng-juan Liu, Le-xin Wang, Zhi-wu Han, Chun-bo Wang. Comparison of pharmacokinetics of L-carnitine, acetyl-L-carnitine and propionyl-L-carnitine after single oral administration of L-carnitine in healthy volunteers.
Clinical and investigative medicine. Medecine clinique et experimentale.
2009 Feb; 32(1):E13-9. doi:
10.25011/cim.v32i1.5082. [PMID: 19178874] - E Alves, Z Binienda, F Carvalho, C J Alves, E Fernandes, M de Lourdes Bastos, M A Tavares, T Summavielle. Acetyl-L-carnitine provides effective in vivo neuroprotection over 3,4-methylenedioximethamphetamine-induced mitochondrial neurotoxicity in the adolescent rat brain.
Neuroscience.
2009 Jan; 158(2):514-23. doi:
10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.10.041. [PMID: 19015003] - Ozlem Tufekci, Dilek Gunes, Candan Ozoğul, Efsun Kolatan, Zekiye Altun, Osman Yilmaz, Safiye Aktaş, Zübeyde Erbayraktar, Günay Kirkim, Kamer Mutafoğlu, Alper Soylu, Bülent Serbetçioğlu, Enis Alpin Güneri, Nur Olgun. Evaluation of the effect of acetyl L-carnitine on experimental cisplatin nephrotoxicity.
Chemotherapy.
2009; 55(6):451-9. doi:
10.1159/000240020. [PMID: 19996591] - Cornélie M Westermann, Bert Dorland, Monique G de Sain-van der Velden, Inge D Wijnberg, Eric Van Breda, Ellen De Graaf-Roelfsema, Hans A Keizer, Johannes H Van der Kolk. Plasma acylcarnitine and fatty acid profiles during exercise and training in Standardbreds.
American journal of veterinary research.
2008 Nov; 69(11):1469-75. doi:
10.2460/ajvr.69.11.1469. [PMID: 18980429] - Stephanie E Reuter, Allan M Evans, Donald H Chace, Gianfranco Fornasini. Determination of the reference range of endogenous plasma carnitines in healthy adults.
Annals of clinical biochemistry.
2008 Nov; 45(Pt 6):585-92. doi:
10.1258/acb.2008.008045. [PMID: 18782814] - Mariano Malaguarnera, Maria Pia Gargante, Erika Cristaldi, Marco Vacante, Corrado Risino, Lisa Cammalleri, Giovanni Pennisi, Liborio Rampello. Acetyl-L-carnitine treatment in minimal hepatic encephalopathy.
Digestive diseases and sciences.
2008 Nov; 53(11):3018-25. doi:
10.1007/s10620-008-0238-6. [PMID: 18357530] - Paul E Minkler, Maria S K Stoll, Stephen T Ingalls, Shuming Yang, Janos Kerner, Charles L Hoppel. Quantification of carnitine and acylcarnitines in biological matrices by HPLC electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry.
Clinical chemistry.
2008 Sep; 54(9):1451-62. doi:
10.1373/clinchem.2007.099226. [PMID: 18678604] - Tatsujiro Oka, Toshiyuki Itoi, Naoto Terada, Hiroki Nakanishi, Ryo Taguchi, Kenji Hamaoka. Change in the membranous lipid composition accelerates lipid peroxidation in young rat hearts subjected to 2 weeks of hypoxia followed by hyperoxia.
Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society.
2008 Aug; 72(8):1359-66. doi:
10.1253/circj.72.1359. [PMID: 18654026] - Masato Inazu, Teruhiko Matsumiya. [Physiological functions of carnitine and carnitine transporters in the central nervous system].
Nihon shinkei seishin yakurigaku zasshi = Japanese journal of psychopharmacology.
2008 Jun; 28(3):113-20. doi:
". [PMID: 18646596] - Claudia Desiderio, Antonella De Rossi, Rosanna Inzitari, Angelo Mancinelli, Diana Valeria Rossetti, Massimo Castagnola, Irene Messana. Optimization of a rapid capillary electrophoresis ESI-IT tandem mass spectrometry method for the analysis of short-chain carnitines in human plasma.
Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.
2008 Mar; 390(6):1637-44. doi:
10.1007/s00216-008-1880-8. [PMID: 18264699] - Anne Marie Lamhonwah, Cynthia E Hawkins, Carolyn Tam, Jeannie Wong, Lydia Mai, Ingrid Tein. Expression patterns of the organic cation/carnitine transporter family in adult murine brain.
Brain & development.
2008 Jan; 30(1):31-42. doi:
10.1016/j.braindev.2007.05.005. [PMID: 17576045] - János Fehér, Bálint Kovács, Illés Kovács, Mónika Schvöller, Gabrieli Corrado Balacco. [Metabolic therapy for early treatment of age-related macular degeneration].
Orvosi hetilap.
2007 Dec; 148(48):2259-68. doi:
10.1556/oh.2007.28250. [PMID: 18039616] - William R Wikoff, Jon A Gangoiti, Bruce A Barshop, Gary Siuzdak. Metabolomics identifies perturbations in human disorders of propionate metabolism.
Clinical chemistry.
2007 Dec; 53(12):2169-76. doi:
10.1373/clinchem.2007.089011. [PMID: 17951291] - Eric D Weinhandl, Madhumati Rao, David T Gilbertson, Allan J Collins, Brian J G Pereira. Protective effect of intravenous levocarnitine on subsequent-month hospitalization among prevalent hemodialysis patients, 1998 to 2003.
American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.
2007 Nov; 50(5):803-12. doi:
10.1053/j.ajkd.2007.07.017. [PMID: 17954293] - R Elanchezhian, E Ramesh, M Sakthivel, M Isai, P Geraldine, M Rajamohan, C Nelson Jesudasan, P A Thomas. Acetyl-L-carnitine prevents selenite-induced cataractogenesis in an experimental animal model.
Current eye research.
2007 Nov; 32(11):961-71. doi:
10.1080/02713680701673470. [PMID: 18027172] - Kostas Tsintzas, Kamal Chokkalingam, Kirsty Jewell, Luke Norton, Ian A Macdonald, Dumitru Constantin-Teodosiu. Elevated free fatty acids attenuate the insulin-induced suppression of PDK4 gene expression in human skeletal muscle: potential role of intramuscular long-chain acyl-coenzyme A.
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.
2007 Oct; 92(10):3967-72. doi:
10.1210/jc.2007-1104. [PMID: 17652214] - Carolyn M Slupsky, Kathryn N Rankin, James Wagner, Hao Fu, David Chang, Aalim M Weljie, Erik J Saude, Bruce Lix, Darryl J Adamko, Sirish Shah, Russ Greiner, Brian D Sykes, Thomas J Marrie. Investigations of the effects of gender, diurnal variation, and age in human urinary metabolomic profiles.
Analytical chemistry.
2007 Sep; 79(18):6995-7004. doi:
10.1021/ac0708588. [PMID: 17702530] - Kalpana Barhwal, Shashi Bala Singh, Sunil Kumar Hota, K Jayalakshmi, G Ilavazhagan. Acetyl-L-carnitine ameliorates hypobaric hypoxic impairment and spatial memory deficits in rats.
European journal of pharmacology.
2007 Sep; 570(1-3):97-107. doi:
10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.05.063. [PMID: 17610872] - Gábor C Talián, Katalin Komlósi, Tamás Decsi, Berthold Koletzko, Béla Melegh. Determination of carnitine ester patterns during the second half of pregnancy, at delivery, and in neonatal cord blood by tandem mass spectrometry: complex and dynamic involvement of carnitine in the intermediary metabolism.
Pediatric research.
2007 Jul; 62(1):88-92. doi:
10.1203/pdr.0b013e3180676cca. [PMID: 17515842] - Francis B Stephens, Dumitru Constantin-Teodosiu, Paul L Greenhaff. New insights concerning the role of carnitine in the regulation of fuel metabolism in skeletal muscle.
The Journal of physiology.
2007 Jun; 581(Pt 2):431-44. doi:
10.1113/jphysiol.2006.125799. [PMID: 17331998] - Angelo Mancinelli, S D'Iddio, R Bisonni, F Graziano, P Lippe, M Calvani. Urinary excretion of L-carnitine and its short-chain acetyl-L-carnitine in patients undergoing carboplatin treatment.
Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology.
2007 Jun; 60(1):19-26. doi:
10.1007/s00280-006-0341-3. [PMID: 16988826] - Yasuyoshi Watanabe. [Molecular/neural mechanisms of fatigue].
Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine.
2007 Jun; 65(6):972-4. doi:
NULL. [PMID: 17561684] - Craig J McMackin, Michael E Widlansky, Naomi M Hamburg, Alex L Huang, Susan Weller, Monika Holbrook, Noyan Gokce, Tory M Hagen, John F Keaney, Joseph A Vita. Effect of combined treatment with alpha-Lipoic acid and acetyl-L-carnitine on vascular function and blood pressure in patients with coronary artery disease.
Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.).
2007 Apr; 9(4):249-55. doi:
10.1111/j.1524-6175.2007.06052.x. [PMID: 17396066] - Yasuyoshi Watanabe. [Molecular/neural mechanisms of fatigue and the way to overcome fatigue].
Nihon yakurigaku zasshi. Folia pharmacologica Japonica.
2007 Feb; 129(2):94-8. doi:
10.1254/fpj.129.94. [PMID: 17299234] - Hafiz Mohmmad Abdul, D Allan Butterfield. Involvement of PI3K/PKG/ERK1/2 signaling pathways in cortical neurons to trigger protection by cotreatment of acetyl-L-carnitine and alpha-lipoic acid against HNE-mediated oxidative stress and neurotoxicity: implications for Alzheimer's disease.
Free radical biology & medicine.
2007 Feb; 42(3):371-84. doi:
10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2006.11.006. [PMID: 17210450] - Anders A F Sima. Acetyl-L-carnitine in diabetic polyneuropathy: experimental and clinical data.
CNS drugs.
2007; 21 Suppl 1(?):13-23; discussion 45. doi:
10.2165/00023210-200721001-00003. [PMID: 17696589] - P Geraldine, B Brijit Sneha, R Elanchezhian, E Ramesh, C M Kalavathy, J Kaliamurthy, P A Thomas. Prevention of selenite-induced cataractogenesis by acetyl-L-carnitine: an experimental study.
Experimental eye research.
2006 Dec; 83(6):1340-9. doi:
10.1016/j.exer.2006.07.009. [PMID: 16962580] - Juan C Cresto, Lidia E Fabiano de Bruno, Gabriel F Cao, Claudia F Pastorale, Nicolas Confalonieri, María del Carmen Camberos, Juan C Basabe. The association of acetyl-l-carnitine and nicotinamide remits the experimental diabetes in mice by multiple low-dose streptozotocin.
Pancreas.
2006 Nov; 33(4):403-11. doi:
10.1097/01.mpa.0000236740.07854.b1. [PMID: 17079947] - Cinzia Stella, Bridgette Beckwith-Hall, Olivier Cloarec, Elaine Holmes, John C Lindon, Jonathan Powell, Frans van der Ouderaa, Sheila Bingham, Amanda J Cross, Jeremy K Nicholson. Susceptibility of human metabolic phenotypes to dietary modulation.
Journal of proteome research.
2006 Oct; 5(10):2780-8. doi:
10.1021/pr060265y. [PMID: 17022649] - Ruud C W Vermeulen, Hans R Scholte. Azithromycin in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), an analysis of clinical data.
Journal of translational medicine.
2006 Aug; 4(?):34. doi:
10.1186/1479-5876-4-34. [PMID: 16911783] - Noboru Okamura, Shuichi Ohnishi, Hiroyuki Shimaoka, Ryo Norikura, Hiroshi Hasegawa. Involvement of recognition and interaction of carnitine transporter in the decrease of L-carnitine concentration induced by pivalic acid and valproic acid.
Pharmaceutical research.
2006 Aug; 23(8):1729-35. doi:
10.1007/s11095-006-9002-9. [PMID: 16826461] - Hafiz Mohmmad Abdul, Vittorio Calabrese, Menotti Calvani, D Allan Butterfield. Acetyl-L-carnitine-induced up-regulation of heat shock proteins protects cortical neurons against amyloid-beta peptide 1-42-mediated oxidative stress and neurotoxicity: implications for Alzheimer's disease.
Journal of neuroscience research.
2006 Aug; 84(2):398-408. doi:
10.1002/jnr.20877. [PMID: 16634066] - Alexandra Hack, Verena Busch, Bettina Pascher, Raymonde Busch, Iris Bieger, Klaus Gempel, Friedrich A M Baumeister. Monitoring of ketogenic diet for carnitine metabolites by subcutaneous microdialysis.
Pediatric research.
2006 Jul; 60(1):93-6. doi:
10.1203/01.pdr.0000219479.95410.79. [PMID: 16690958] - C Lebrun, H Alchaar, M Candito, V Bourg, M Chatel. Levocarnitine administration in multiple sclerosis patients with immunosuppressive therapy-induced fatigue.
Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England).
2006 Jun; 12(3):321-4. doi:
10.1191/135248506ms1275oa. [PMID: 16764345] - Giovanna Traina, Rodolfo Bernardi, Milena Rizzo, Menotti Calvani, Mauro Durante, Marcello Brunelli. Acetyl-L-carnitine up-regulates expression of voltage-dependent anion channel in the rat brain.
Neurochemistry international.
2006 Jun; 48(8):673-8. doi:
10.1016/j.neuint.2005.11.005. [PMID: 16527372] - Giorgio Cavallini. Male idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia.
Asian journal of andrology.
2006 Mar; 8(2):143-57. doi:
10.1111/j.1745-7262.2006.00123.x. [PMID: 16491265] - H Fai Poon, Vittorio Calabrese, Menotti Calvani, D Allan Butterfield. Proteomics analyses of specific protein oxidation and protein expression in aged rat brain and its modulation by L-acetylcarnitine: insights into the mechanisms of action of this proposed therapeutic agent for CNS disorders associated with oxidative stress.
Antioxidants & redox signaling.
2006 Mar; 8(3-4):381-94. doi:
10.1089/ars.2006.8.381. [PMID: 16677085] - Laurence Vernez, Michael Dickenmann, Jürg Steiger, Markus Wenk, Stephan Krähenbühl. Effect of L-carnitine on the kinetics of carnitine, acylcarnitines and butyrobetaine in long-term haemodialysis.
Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association.
2006 Feb; 21(2):450-8. doi:
10.1093/ndt/gfi257. [PMID: 16286428] - Brian D Schreiber. Debate forum: levocarnitine therapy is rational and justified in selected dialysis patients.
Blood purification.
2006; 24(1):128-39. doi:
10.1159/000089449. [PMID: 16361853] - Judit Bene, Katalin Komlósi, Beáta Gasztonyi, Márk Juhász, Zsolt Tulassay, Béla Melegh. Plasma carnitine ester profile in adult celiac disease patients maintained on long-term gluten free diet.
World journal of gastroenterology.
2005 Nov; 11(42):6671-5. doi:
10.3748/wjg.v11.i42.6671. [PMID: 16425363] - Sirikarnt Dhitavat, Daniela Ortiz, Eugene Rogers, Ezequiel Rivera, Thomas B Shea. Folate, vitamin E, and acetyl-L-carnitine provide synergistic protection against oxidative stress resulting from exposure of human neuroblastoma cells to amyloid-beta.
Brain research.
2005 Nov; 1061(2):114-7. doi:
10.1016/j.brainres.2005.05.074. [PMID: 16256963]