Yohimbine (BioDeep_00000000695)

 

Secondary id: BioDeep_00000017577, BioDeep_00000265810, BioDeep_00000398583, BioDeep_00000866729

human metabolite PANOMIX_OTCML-2023 blood metabolite Chemicals and Drugs


代谢物信息卡片


(1R,2S,4aR,13bS,14aS)-2-hydroxy-1,2,3,4,4a,5,7,8,13,13b,14,14a-dodecahydro-indolo[2,3:3,4]pyrido[1,2-b]isoquinoline-1-carboxylic acid methyl ester hydrochloride

化学式: C21H26N2O3 (354.19433260000005)
中文名称: 安慰乐得, 萎必治, 育亨宾, 异柯楠碱
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 Chinese Herbal Medicine(otcml) 3.49%

Reviewed

Last reviewed on 2024-07-19.

Cite this Page

Yohimbine. BioDeep Database v3. PANOMIX ltd, a top metabolomics service provider from China. https://query.biodeep.cn/s/yohimbine (retrieved 2024-09-17) (BioDeep RN: BioDeep_00000000695). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

分子结构信息

SMILES: COC(=O)C1C(CCC2C1CC3C4=C(CCN3C2)C5=CC=CC=C5N4)O
InChI: InChI=1S/C21H26N2O3/c1-26-21(25)19-15-10-17-20-14(13-4-2-3-5-16(13)22-20)8-9-23(17)11-12(15)6-7-18(19)24/h2-5,12,15,17-19,22,24H,6-11H2,1H3

描述信息

Yohimbine is an indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina. It has a role as an alpha-adrenergic antagonist, a serotonergic antagonist and a dopamine receptor D2 antagonist. It is functionally related to a yohimbic acid.
A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of impotence. It is also alleged to be an aphrodisiac.
Yohimbine is an indole alkaloid derived from the bark of the Central African yohimbe tree (Pausinystalia yohimbe) that is widely used as therapy for erectile dysfunction. Yohimbine use has been associated with occasional severe adverse events, but has not been linked to serum enzyme elevations or clinically apparent acute liver injury.
Yohimbine is a natural product found in Rauvolfia yunnanensis, Tabernaemontana corymbosa, and other organisms with data available.
A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.
See also: Yohimbine Hydrochloride (active moiety of) ... View More ...
Yohimbine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of impotence. It is also alleged to be an aphrodisiac. [PubChem]Yohimbine is a pre-synaptic alpha 2-adrenergic blocking agent. The exact mechanism for its use in impotence has not been fully elucidated. However, yohimbine may exert its beneficial effect on erectile ability through blockade of central alpha 2-adrenergic receptors producing an increase in sympathetic drive secondary to an increase in norepinephrine release and in firing rate of cells in the brain noradrenergic nuclei. Yohimbine-mediated norepinephrine release at the level of the corporeal tissues may also be involved. In addition, beneficial effects may involve other neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin and cholinergic receptors.
G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G04 - Urologicals > G04B - Urologicals > G04BE - Drugs used in erectile dysfunction
An indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina.
C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C72900 - Adrenergic Antagonist
D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D018674 - Adrenergic Antagonists
D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D009184 - Mydriatics
D000089162 - Genitourinary Agents > D064804 - Urological Agents
D001697 - Biomedical and Dental Materials > D003764 - Dental Materials
Yohimbine is a potent and relatively nonselective alpha 2-adrenergic receptor (AR) antagonist, with IC50 of 0.6 μM. IC50 value: 0.6 uM [1] Target: alpha 2-adrenergic receptor in vitro: Yohimbine inhibits alpha2-receptor antagonist with Ki of 1.05 nM, 1.19 nM, and 1.19 nM for α2A, α2B, α2C, respectively. Yohimbine also inhibits 5-HT1B with Ki of 19.9 nM. Yohimbine acts to block the lowering of cAMP by alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists. yohimbine actually causes a pronounced lowering of tyrosinase activity. [3] in vivo: Yohimbine is an antagonist at alpha2-noradrenaline receptors with putative panicogenic effects in human subjects, was administered to Swiss-Webster mice at doses of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/kg. Yohimbine potentiates active defensive responses to threatening stimuli in Swiss-Webster mice.[2]
Yohimbine is a potent and relatively nonselective alpha 2-adrenergic receptor (AR) antagonist, with IC50 of 0.6 μM. IC50 value: 0.6 uM [1] Target: alpha 2-adrenergic receptor in vitro: Yohimbine inhibits alpha2-receptor antagonist with Ki of 1.05 nM, 1.19 nM, and 1.19 nM for α2A, α2B, α2C, respectively. Yohimbine also inhibits 5-HT1B with Ki of 19.9 nM. Yohimbine acts to block the lowering of cAMP by alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists. yohimbine actually causes a pronounced lowering of tyrosinase activity. [3] in vivo: Yohimbine is an antagonist at alpha2-noradrenaline receptors with putative panicogenic effects in human subjects, was administered to Swiss-Webster mice at doses of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/kg. Yohimbine potentiates active defensive responses to threatening stimuli in Swiss-Webster mice.[2]

同义名列表

102 个代谢物同义名

(1R,2S,4aR,13bS,14aS)-2-hydroxy-1,2,3,4,4a,5,7,8,13,13b,14,14a-dodecahydro-indolo[2,3:3,4]pyrido[1,2-b]isoquinoline-1-carboxylic acid methyl ester hydrochloride; methyl (1S,15R,18S,19R,20S)-18-hydroxy-3,13-diazapentacyclo[11.8.0.0^{2,10}.0^{4,9}.0^{15,20}]henicosa-2(10),4(9),5,7-tetraene-19-carboxylate; methyl (1S,15R,18S,19R,20S)-18-hydroxy-3,13-diazapentacyclo[11.8.0.0^{2,10}.0^{4,9}.0^{15,20}]henicosa-2(10),4,6,8-tetraene-19-carboxylate; methyl (1S,15R,18S,19R,20S)-18-hydroxy-3,13-diazapentacyclo[11.8.0.0²,¹⁰.0⁴,⁹.0¹⁵,²⁰]henicosa-2(10),4,6,8-tetraene-19-carboxylate; methyl (1S,15R,18S,19R,20S)-18-hydroxy-1,3,11,12,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21-dodecahydroyohimban-19-carboxylate; Yohimban-16-carboxylic acid, 17-hydroxy-, methyl ester, (16alpha,17alpha)- (9CI); 17.ALPHA.-HYDROXY-20-.ALPHA.-YOHIMBAN-16-.BETA.-CARBOXYLIC ACID, METHYL ESTER; Yohimban-16-carboxylic acid, 17-hydroxy-, methyl ester, (16alpha,17alpha)-; Yohimban-16alpha-carboxylic acid, 17alpha-hydroxy-, methyl ester (8CI); Yohimban-16-.alpha.-carboxylic acid, 17-.alpha.-hydroxy-, methyl ester; (16alpha,17alpha)-17-hydroxyyohimban-16-carboxylic acid methyl ester; Benz[g]indolo[2,3-a]quinolizine, yohimban-16-carboxylic acid deriv.; Yohimban-16-alpha-carboxylic acid, 17-alpha-hydroxy-, methyl ester; (16alpha,17alpha)-17-Hydroxyyohimban-16-carboxylate methyl ester; (16Α,17α)-17-hydroxyyohimban-16-carboxylic acid methyl ester; (16a,17a)-17-Hydroxyyohimban-16-carboxylic acid methyl ester; 17alpha-hydroxyyohimban-16alpha-carboxylic acid methyl ester; 17alpha-Hydroxyyohimban-16alpha-carboxylate methyl ester; (16a,17a)-17-Hydroxyyohimban-16-carboxylate methyl ester; (16Α,17α)-17-hydroxyyohimban-16-carboxylate methyl ester; 17a-Hydroxyyohimban-16a-carboxylic acid methyl ester; 17Α-hydroxyyohimban-16α-carboxylic acid methyl ester; Yohimbol-16alpha-carboxylic acid, methyl ester (6CI); methyl 17alpha-hydroxyyohimban-16alpha-carboxylate; 17-Hydroxyyohimban-16-carboxylic acid methyl ester; 17a-Hydroxyyohimban-16a-carboxylate methyl ester; 17Α-hydroxyyohimban-16α-carboxylate methyl ester; 4-25-00-01237 (Beilstein Handbook Reference); StegroPharm brand OF yohimbine hydrochloride; Palisades brand OF yohimbine hydrochloride; Glenwood brand OF yohimbine hydrochloride; 17a-hydroxy-16a-methoxycarbonyl-yohimbane; Aventis brand OF yohimbine hydrochloride; Solvay brand OF yohimbine hydrochloride; Kramer brand OF yohimbine hydrochloride; Star brand OF yohimbine hydrochloride; trans-Quinolizidine yohimbine; methyl hydroxy[?]carboxylate; BLGXFZZNTVWLAY-SCYLSFHTSA-N; Yohimbic acid methyl ester; Hydrochloride, Yohimbine; Hydrochloride, Aphrodine; Aphrodine hydrochloride; Yohimbine hydrochloride; Yohimbate methyl ester; Tartrate, Corynanthine; Corynanthine Tartrate; YOHIMBE HYDROCHLORIDE; YohimbeHydrochloride; YOHIMBINE CHLORIDE; YOHIMBINE [WHO-DD]; Prestwick3_000584; Prestwick1_000584; YOHIMBINUM [HPUS]; Prestwick2_000584; YOHIMBINE [VANDF]; Prestwick0_000584; Yohimbin Spiegel; BCBcMAP01_000032; Amberlite Cg-400; UNII-2Y49VWD90Q; Yohimbine Houdé; Yohimbine (DCF); Tox21_110019_1; YOHIMBINE [MI]; (+)-Yohimbine; BPBio1_000472; Lopac0_001210; KBio2_000576; KBio2_005712; KBio3_001031; Corynanthine; KBio3_001032; Yohimbe bark; Tox21_110019; KBio2_003144; Bio2_000458; Bio1_000944; SMP1_000320; Bio1_000455; IDI1_002213; Bio2_000938; Bio1_001433; Quebrachine; Rauwolscine; 2Y49VWD90Q; Pluriviron; Quebrachin; Yohimbinum; Rauhimbine; Aphrodyne; APHRODINE; Yohimbine; Corynine; Johimbin; Actibine; Yohimbin; Aphrosol; Yohimex; Yocon; 3-epi-a-Yohimbine; beta-Yohimbine



数据库引用编号

28 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

PlantCyc(0)

代谢反应

0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(0)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

48 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。



文献列表

  • Samuel A Bradley, Frederik G Hansson, Beata J Lehka, Daniela Rago, Pedro Pinho, Huadong Peng, Khem B Adhikari, Ahmad K Haidar, Lea G Hansen, Daria Volkova, Maxence Holtz, Sergi Muyo Abad, Xin Ma, Konstantinos Koudounas, Sébastien Besseau, Nicolas Gautron, Céline Mélin, Jillian Marc, Caroline Birer Williams, Vincent Courdavault, Emil D Jensen, Jay D Keasling, Jie Zhang, Michael K Jensen. Yeast Platforms for Production and Screening of Bioactive Derivatives of Rauwolscine. ACS synthetic biology. 2024 May; 13(5):1498-1512. doi: 10.1021/acssynbio.4c00039. [PMID: 38635307]
  • Ben A Chindo, Melanie-Jayne R Howes, Sawsan Abuhamdah, Danjuma Mallam, Timothy Micah, Rosemary I Awotula, Robin Battison, Paul L Chazot. Evaluation of the anti-nociceptive profile of essential oil from Melissa officinalis L. (lemon balm) in acute and chronic pain models. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2024 Mar; 321(?):117500. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117500. [PMID: 38030022]
  • Ninh Khac Thanh Tung, Duong Thi Dung, Phan Van Kiem, Dan Thi Thuy Hang, Nguyen Xuan Nhiem, Nguyen Van The, Yohan Seo, Jong Seong Kang, Bui Huu Tai. Alkaloids and Lignans from the Aerial Parts of Rauvolfia tetraphylla Inhibit NO Production in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 Cells. Chemistry & biodiversity. 2024 Mar; 21(3):e202302123. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.202302123. [PMID: 38253808]
  • Nidhi Sharma, Ramakrishna Sistla, Sai Balaji Andugulapati. Yohimbine ameliorates liver inflammation and fibrosis by regulating oxidative stress and Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology. 2023 Nov; 123(?):155182. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155182. [PMID: 37952411]
  • Olusegun Adebayo Adeoluwa, Anthony Taghogho Eduviere, Gladys Onyinye Adeoluwa, Lily Oghenevovwero Otomewo, Funmilayo Racheal Adeniyi. The monoaminergic pathways are involved in the antidepressant-like effect of quercetin. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology. 2023 Oct; ?(?):. doi: 10.1007/s00210-023-02789-8. [PMID: 37851059]
  • Xingyu Su, Fan Lu, Yihua Chen, Miao Wang, Guoqing Tang, Wan Lin, Yingwen Liu, Huadong Wang, Haiyan Yin, Yiyang Wang. α2-Adrenoreceptor antagonist ameliorates sepsis-associated pulmonary fibrosis by suppressing norepinephrine-mediated fibroblast differentiation via inhibiting PKC activation. Shock (Augusta, Ga.). 2023 Oct; ?(?):. doi: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002240. [PMID: 37878498]
  • Małgorzata Iciek, Magdalena Górny, Magdalena Kotańska, Anna Bilska-Wilkosz, Marta Kaczor-Kamińska, Jacek Zagajewski. Yohimbine Alleviates Oxidative Stress and Suppresses Aerobic Cysteine Metabolism Elevated in the Rat Liver of High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2023 Feb; 28(5):. doi: 10.3390/molecules28052025. [PMID: 36903271]
  • Geun Joo Choi, Hyun Kang, Oh Haeng Lee, Ji Wung Kwon. Effect of Immature Rubus occidentalis on Postoperative Pain in a Rat Model. Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania). 2023 Jan; 59(2):. doi: 10.3390/medicina59020264. [PMID: 36837466]
  • Mariane Meurer, Fabiula Felisbino, Fabiana B Müller, Lincon B Somensi, Benhur J Cury, Daniele T Jerônimo, Larissa Venzon, Tauani C S França, Marihá Mariott, Ana C Santos, Ruan Kaio S Nunes, Thaise Boeing, Alexandre Bella-Cruz, Priscila DE Souza, Walter A Roman-Junior, Karuppusamy Arunachalam, Ruberlei G Oliveira, Luisa M Silva. Antiulcer mechanisms of the hydroalcoholic extract from Aztec marigolds' medicinal and edible flowers (Tagetes erecta L.). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias. 2023; 95(suppl 1):e20220427. doi: 10.1590/0001-3765202320220427. [PMID: 37556712]
  • Nasimudeen R Jabir, Mohd Shahnawaz Khan, Nouf Omar Alafaleq, Huma Naz, Bakrudeen Ali Ahmed. Anticancer potential of yohimbine in drug-resistant oral cancer KB-ChR-8-5 cells. Molecular biology reports. 2022 Oct; 49(10):9565-9573. doi: 10.1007/s11033-022-07847-7. [PMID: 35970968]
  • Vibeizonuo Rupreo, Soching Luikham, Jhimli Bhattacharyya. Protein-binding characteristics of yohimbine, a natural indole alkaloid-based drug for erectile dysfunction. Luminescence : the journal of biological and chemical luminescence. 2022 Sep; 37(9):1532-1540. doi: 10.1002/bio.4327. [PMID: 35816091]
  • Jing Chen, Juan Zhang, Dan-Dan Yang, Zi-Cheng Li, Bo Zhao, Yue Chen, Zhi He. Clonidine ameliorates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by up-regulating the GluN3 subunits of NMDA receptor. Metabolic brain disease. 2022 08; 37(6):1829-1841. doi: 10.1007/s11011-022-01028-y. [PMID: 35727521]
  • Sarah J Baracz, Katherine J Robinson, Amanda L Wright, Anita J Turner, Iain S McGregor, Jennifer L Cornish, Nicholas A Everett. Oxytocin as an adolescent treatment for methamphetamine addiction after early life stress in male and female rats. Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology. 2022 07; 47(8):1561-1573. doi: 10.1038/s41386-022-01336-y. [PMID: 35581382]
  • Richard G W Proudman, Juliana Akinaga, Jillian G Baker. The affinity and selectivity of α-adrenoceptor antagonists, antidepressants and antipsychotics for the human α2A, α2B, and α2C-adrenoceptors and comparison with human α1 and β-adrenoceptors. Pharmacology research & perspectives. 2022 04; 10(2):e00936. doi: 10.1002/prp2.936. [PMID: 35224877]
  • R C Douho Djimeli, M L Nchouwet, S L Poualeu Kamani, L M Tchoumba Tchoumi, A Kamanyi, S L Wansi Ngnokam. Antisecretory and Spasmolytic Activities of Aqueous and Ethanolic Stem Bark Extracts of Nauclea diderrichii in Wistar Rats. BioMed research international. 2022; 2022(?):7569848. doi: 10.1155/2022/7569848. [PMID: 35769665]
  • Yani Zhao, Yan Zhang, Yao Li, Min Yang, Jiani Yuan, Yu Cao, Lu Xu, Xuexinyu Ma, Sisong Lin, Junming An, Siwang Wang. Yohimbine hydrochloride inhibits benign prostatic hyperplasia by downregulating steroid 5α-reductase type 2. European journal of pharmacology. 2021 Oct; 908(?):174334. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174334. [PMID: 34265299]
  • Mark J Henderson, Kathleen A Trychta, Shyh-Ming Yang, Susanne Bäck, Adam Yasgar, Emily S Wires, Carina Danchik, Xiaokang Yan, Hideaki Yano, Lei Shi, Kuo-Jen Wu, Amy Q Wang, Dingyin Tao, Gergely Zahoránszky-Kőhalmi, Xin Hu, Xin Xu, David Maloney, Alexey V Zakharov, Ganesha Rai, Fumihiko Urano, Mikko Airavaara, Oksana Gavrilova, Ajit Jadhav, Yun Wang, Anton Simeonov, Brandon K Harvey. A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome. Cell reports. 2021 04; 35(4):109040. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109040. [PMID: 33910017]
  • Soo Hee Lee, Seong-Ho Ok, Seung Hyun Ahn, Hyun-Jin Kim, Sung Il Bae, Ji-Yoon Kim, Kyeong-Eon Park, Yeran Hwang, Ju-Tae Sohn. Lipid Emulsion Enhances Vasoconstriction Induced by Dexmedetomidine in the Isolated Endothelium-Intact Aorta. International journal of molecular sciences. 2021 Mar; 22(7):. doi: 10.3390/ijms22073309. [PMID: 33804982]
  • Kohei Hayashi, Takaomi Shimokawa, Masayo Yamagata, Kozo Yoneda. Inhibition of α2-adrenoceptor is renoprotective in 5/6 nephrectomy-induced chronic kidney injury rats. Journal of pharmacological sciences. 2021 Jan; 145(1):79-87. doi: 10.1016/j.jphs.2020.11.001. [PMID: 33357783]
  • Guanqun Zhan, Rongkun Miao, Fuxin Zhang, Xingbin Wang, Xinxin Zhang, Zengjun Guo. Cytotoxic Yohimbine-Type Alkaloids from the Leaves of Rauvolfia vomitoria. Chemistry & biodiversity. 2020 Dec; 17(12):e2000647. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.202000647. [PMID: 33044757]
  • Diogo A Fonseca, Mónica Ferreira, Maria Graça Campos, Pedro E Antunes, Manuel J Antunes, Maria Dulce Cotrim. Vascular effects of a polyphenolic fraction from Oxalis pes-caprae L.: role of α-adrenergic receptors Sub-types. Natural product research. 2020 Dec; 34(23):3369-3372. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1564291. [PMID: 30698035]
  • Danuše Tarkowská. A Fast and Reliable UHPLC-MS/MS-Based Method for Screening Selected Pharmacologically Significant Natural Plant Indole Alkaloids. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2020 Jul; 25(14):. doi: 10.3390/molecules25143274. [PMID: 32708364]
  • Manuela Vay, Marleen Julia Meyer, Antje Blank, Gisela Skopp, Peter Rose, Mladen Vassilev Tzvetkov, Gerd Mikus. Oral Yohimbine as a New Probe Drug to Predict CYP2D6 Activity: Results of a Fixed-Sequence Phase I Trial. Clinical pharmacokinetics. 2020 07; 59(7):927-939. doi: 10.1007/s40262-020-00862-6. [PMID: 32060866]
  • Jeffery D Foss, Sunil U Nayak, Christopher S Tallarida, Daniel J Farkas, Sara J Ward, Scott M Rawls. Mitragynine, bioactive alkaloid of kratom, reduces chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain in rats through α-adrenoceptor mechanism. Drug and alcohol dependence. 2020 04; 209(?):107946. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107946. [PMID: 32145665]
  • Takaomi Shimokawa, Kozo Yoneda, Masayo Yamagata, Kohei Hayashi, Shuhei Tomita. Yohimbine ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute kidney injury in rats. European journal of pharmacology. 2020 Mar; 871(?):172917. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.172917. [PMID: 31935395]
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  • Manuela Vay, Max Sauter, Gerd Mikus, Jürgen Burhenne. Quantification of microdosed oral yohimbine and its major metabolite in human plasma in the picogram range. Bioanalysis. 2019 Aug; 11(16):1459-1467. doi: 10.4155/bio-2019-0129. [PMID: 31411489]
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  • Hidenobu Tsutsui, Takaomi Shimokawa, Takeshi Miura, Masashi Takama, Toru Nishinaka, Tomoyuki Terada, Masayo Yamagata, Tokihito Yukimura. Inhibition of α2C-adrenoceptors ameliorates cisplatin-induced acute renal failure in rats. European journal of pharmacology. 2018 Nov; 838(?):113-119. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.09.010. [PMID: 30201375]
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