azathioprine (BioDeep_00000398954)

Main id: BioDeep_00000001893

 

natural product


代谢物信息卡片


"Azathioprine (Azasan, Imuran)"

化学式: C9H7N7O2S (277.0382)
中文名称: 硫唑嘌呤
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 Ferula hexiensis(natural_products) 83.33%

分子结构信息

SMILES: CN1C=NC(=C1SC1=C2NC=NC2=NC=N1)[N+]([O-])=O
InChI: InChI=1S/C9H7N7O2S/c1-15-4-14-7(16(17)18)9(15)19-8-5-6(11-2-10-5)12-3-13-8/h2-4H,1H3,(H,10,11,12,13)

描述信息

L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L04 - Immunosuppressants > L04A - Immunosuppressants
C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C186664 - Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agent > C272 - Antimetabolite
D007155 - Immunologic Factors > D007166 - Immunosuppressive Agents
C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant
D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites
D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents
D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1262; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 2581; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 2579
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1262; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 2599; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 2597
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1262; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 2587; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 2585
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1262; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 2583; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 2581
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1262; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 2606; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 2603
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1262; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 2606; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 2604
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1262; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5597; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5595
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1262; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5599; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5597
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1262; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5624; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5622
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1262; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5605; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5603
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1262; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5625; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5623
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1262; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5634; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5633
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8328
Azathioprine (BW 57-322) is an orally active immunosuppressive agent. Azathioprine can be converted in vivo to the active metabolite 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP). Azathioprine has myelosuppressive effects and induces apoptosis[1][3].

同义名列表

5 个代谢物同义名

azathioprine; "Azathioprine (Azasan, Imuran)"; BW 57-322; Azathioprine; Azathioprine



数据库引用编号

28 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

PlantCyc(0)

代谢反应

0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(0)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

0 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。

亚细胞结构定位 关联基因列表
Cytoplasm 5 ALB, CDAN1, MTOR, RAC1, TPMT
Peripheral membrane protein 2 MTOR, PRTN3
Endoplasmic reticulum membrane 3 CD4, MTOR, RAC1
Nucleus 5 ALB, CDAN1, MPO, MTOR, RAC1
cytosol 6 ALB, CDAN1, MTOR, PRTN3, RAC1, TPMT
dendrite 2 MTOR, RAC1
phagocytic vesicle 1 MTOR
trans-Golgi network 1 RAC1
centrosome 1 ALB
nucleoplasm 3 MPO, MS4A1, MTOR
Cell membrane 7 CD4, CD8A, ITGAM, MS4A1, PRTN3, RAC1, TNF
Lipid-anchor 2 MS4A1, RAC1
Cytoplasmic side 2 MTOR, RAC1
lamellipodium 1 RAC1
ruffle membrane 1 RAC1
Cytoplasmic granule 1 PRTN3
Multi-pass membrane protein 2 CDAN1, MS4A1
Golgi apparatus membrane 1 MTOR
Synapse 1 RAC1
cell cortex 1 RAC1
cell surface 4 EPO, ITGAM, MS4A1, TNF
glutamatergic synapse 1 RAC1
Golgi apparatus 1 ALB
Golgi membrane 2 INS, MTOR
lysosomal membrane 1 MTOR
neuronal cell body 1 TNF
postsynapse 1 RAC1
Lysosome 2 MPO, MTOR
plasma membrane 11 CD4, CD8A, CDAN1, IFNLR1, IGHE, IL2RA, ITGAM, MS4A1, PRTN3, RAC1, TNF
Membrane 7 CDAN1, IFNLR1, IL2RA, ITGAM, MS4A1, MTOR, RAC1
extracellular exosome 7 ALB, EPO, ITGAM, MPO, MS4A1, PRTN3, RAC1
Lysosome membrane 1 MTOR
endoplasmic reticulum 1 ALB
extracellular space 12 ALB, EPO, IGHE, IL10, IL2, IL6, INS, ITGAM, MPO, MS4A1, PRTN3, TNF
protein-containing complex 1 ALB
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle 2 MPO, PRTN3
Microsome membrane 1 MTOR
TORC1 complex 1 MTOR
TORC2 complex 1 MTOR
Single-pass type I membrane protein 6 CD4, CD8A, IFNLR1, IGHE, IL2RA, ITGAM
Secreted 8 ALB, EPO, IL10, IL2, IL6, INS, PRTN3, RAC1
extracellular region 12 ALB, CD8A, EPO, IGHE, IL10, IL2, IL6, INS, MPO, PRTN3, RAC1, TNF
Mitochondrion outer membrane 1 MTOR
mitochondrial outer membrane 1 MTOR
[Isoform 2]: Secreted 1 CD8A
Extracellular side 1 PRTN3
anchoring junction 1 ALB
external side of plasma membrane 6 CD4, CD8A, IL2RA, ITGAM, MS4A1, TNF
dendritic spine 1 RAC1
cytoplasmic vesicle 1 RAC1
Early endosome 1 CD4
recycling endosome 1 TNF
Single-pass type II membrane protein 1 TNF
Cell projection, lamellipodium 1 RAC1
Membrane raft 4 CD4, ITGAM, PRTN3, TNF
focal adhesion 1 RAC1
Nucleus, PML body 1 MTOR
PML body 1 MTOR
secretory granule 1 MPO
receptor complex 1 CD8A
ciliary basal body 1 ALB
IgE immunoglobulin complex 1 IGHE
phagocytic cup 1 TNF
cytoskeleton 1 RAC1
centriole 1 ALB
cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule 1 RAC1
spindle pole 1 ALB
blood microparticle 1 ALB
[Isoform 2]: Cell membrane 1 IGHE
nuclear envelope 1 MTOR
Recycling endosome membrane 1 RAC1
Endomembrane system 2 CDAN1, MTOR
endosome lumen 1 INS
Cell projection, dendrite 1 RAC1
specific granule membrane 1 ITGAM
tertiary granule membrane 1 ITGAM
Melanosome 1 RAC1
cell body 1 EPO
azurophil granule 1 MPO
plasma membrane raft 4 CD8A, ITGAM, MS4A1, PRTN3
secretory granule lumen 2 EPO, INS
secretory granule membrane 1 RAC1
Golgi lumen 1 INS
endoplasmic reticulum lumen 4 ALB, CD4, IL6, INS
platelet alpha granule lumen 1 ALB
transport vesicle 1 INS
azurophil granule lumen 2 MPO, PRTN3
Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane 1 INS
clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane 1 CD4
phagocytic vesicle lumen 1 MPO
ficolin-1-rich granule membrane 1 RAC1
[Isoform 1]: Cell membrane 1 CD8A
Cytoplasmic vesicle, phagosome 1 MTOR
integrin complex 1 ITGAM
[Isoform 3]: Cell membrane 1 IGHE
[Tumor necrosis factor, soluble form]: Secreted 1 TNF
interleukin-2 receptor complex 1 IL2RA
T cell receptor complex 2 CD4, CD8A
[Isoform 1]: Secreted 1 IGHE
IgE B cell receptor complex 1 IGHE
immunoglobulin complex, circulating 1 IGHE
NADPH oxidase complex 1 RAC1
integrin alphaM-beta2 complex 1 ITGAM
interleukin-6 receptor complex 1 IL6
ciliary transition fiber 1 ALB
interleukin-28 receptor complex 1 IFNLR1
[C-domain 2]: Secreted 1 TNF
[Tumor necrosis factor, membrane form]: Membrane 1 TNF
[C-domain 1]: Secreted 1 TNF


文献列表

  • Ronglin Gao, Jincheng Pu, Yanqing Wang, Zhenzhen Wu, Yuanyuan Liang, Jiamin Song, Shengnan Pan, Fang Han, Lufei Yang, Xianghuai Xu, Jianping Tang, Xuan Wang. Tofacitinib in the treatment of primary Sjögren's syndrome-associated interstitial lung disease: study protocol for a prospective, randomized, controlled and open-label trial. BMC pulmonary medicine. 2023 Nov; 23(1):473. doi: 10.1186/s12890-023-02774-0. [PMID: 38007449]
  • Rojita Akham, Riti Bhatia, Amity Das, Ajeet Singh Bhadoria, Mona Pathak, Neirita Hazarika. Systemic treatments in Parthenium dermatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Contact dermatitis. 2023 Nov; 89(5):311-322. doi: 10.1111/cod.14406. [PMID: 37634936]
  • Wang Bei, Jiang Qian, Qu Zilu, Chen Kai, Jiang Ruili, Hu Feng, Chen Liuqing. Comparing four immunosuppressive agents for chronic spontaneous urticaria-A network meta-analysis. International immunopharmacology. 2023 Aug; 123(?):110577. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110577. [PMID: 37567010]
  • Jiayan Li, Jin Lin, Lili Ma. Azathioprine combined with corticosteroids for recurrent cutaneous necrotizing eosinophilic vasculitis secondary to eosinophilic dermatitis. Minerva gastroenterology. 2023 May; ?(?):. doi: 10.23736/s2724-5985.23.03424-1. [PMID: 37133462]
  • Shanshan Wang, Yan Qin, Qiuyu Wen, Quan Xia, Ruoyu Gu, Sheng Wang, GuanJun Chen, Chao Tan, Chenlin Shen, Shuai Song. Intestinal microbiota-mediated biotransformations alter the pharmacokinetics of the major metabolites of azathioprine in rats after oral administration. Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. 2022 Aug; 45(?):100458. doi: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2022.100458. [PMID: 35569194]
  • Jay Erdman, Josephine Wolfram, David Nimke, Richard Croy, Xuegong Wang, Tim Weaver, David Schladt, William E Fitzsimmons. Lung Transplant Outcomes in Adults in the United States: Retrospective Cohort Study Using Real-world Evidence from the SRTR. Transplantation. 2022 06; 106(6):1233-1242. doi: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004011. [PMID: 34974456]
  • Takahiro Shinzato, Toshihiro Shimizu, Daiki Iwami, Noriyoshi Fukushima, Kenichi Tabata. Recurrent lupus nephritis in renal allograft triggered by pregnancy. CEN case reports. 2022 05; 11(2):237-241. doi: 10.1007/s13730-021-00659-x. [PMID: 34762263]
  • Aviya Lanis, Rita Volochayev, David E Kleiner, Anusha Vittal, Theo Heller, Lisa G Rider, Susan Shenoi. Nodular Regenerative Hyperplasia of the liver in Juvenile Dermatomyositis. Pediatric rheumatology online journal. 2022 Apr; 20(1):30. doi: 10.1186/s12969-022-00690-x. [PMID: 35443665]
  • Shanthi Balani, Sarah J Kizilbash, Anne M Kouri. Antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis and the kidney. Current opinion in pediatrics. 2022 04; 34(2):197-202. doi: 10.1097/mop.0000000000001102. [PMID: 34923562]
  • Muhammad Furqan Akhtar, Mehr-Un- Nisa, Ammara Saleem, Irfan Hamid, Khalaf F Alsharif, Mohamed M Abdel-Daim, Md Habibur Rahman, Muddaser Shah, Kashif Sohail, Zeeshan Javaid. Contemporary uses of old folks: the immunomodulatory and toxic potential of fenbufen. Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France). 2022 Feb; 67(5):27-37. doi: 10.14715/cmb/2021.67.5.4. [PMID: 35818275]
  • Sarah Gleeson, Liz Lightstone. BLISS-LN trial revisited: function matters. Kidney international. 2022 02; 101(2):224-226. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.12.003. [PMID: 35065691]
  • Marouf Alhalabi, Kamal Alaa Eddin, Fadwa Ali, Ahmad Abbas. SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pneumonia patient treated with two doses of infliximab within 2 weeks for acute severe ulcerative colitis: A case report. Medicine. 2022 Jan; 101(4):e28722. doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000028722. [PMID: 35089243]
  • Pedro R Chocair, Precil Diego Miranda de Menezes Neves, Sara Mohrbacher, Maurilio Pacheco Neto, Victor A H Sato, Érico S Oliveira, Leonardo V Barbosa, Alessandra M Bales, Fagner Pereira da Silva, Américo L Cuvello-Neto, John A Duley. Case Report: Azathioprine: An Old and Wronged Immunosuppressant. Frontiers in immunology. 2022; 13(?):903012. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.903012. [PMID: 35757730]
  • Amit Govil, Rino Munda, M Roy First. Forty-Year Survival of Simultaneous Kidney and Duct-Injected Segmental Pancreas Transplants in a Recipient Maintained on Low-Dose Azathioprine and Prednisone. Transplantation proceedings. 2022 Jan; 54(1):104-106. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2021.11.018. [PMID: 34972568]
  • Rejani Cristine Faustino Dos Santos, Wilson Roberto Catapani, André Akira Ramos Takahashi, Jaques Waisberg. C-reactive protein levels and prevalence of leukopenia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated with azathioprine and/or mesalazine: a real-life study. Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil). 2022; 20(?):eAO6500. doi: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2022ao6500. [PMID: 35584442]
  • Emrah Gunay, Safak Kaya, Seyhmus Kavak, Ece Ocal, Nurettin Tunc. Successful treatment of azathioprine-related cholestasis in a pregnant woman who received a kidney transplant. Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology : the journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2022 Jan; 42(1):166-168. doi: 10.1080/01443615.2021.1904226. [PMID: 34018456]
  • Dario Roccatello, Savino Sciascia, Stefano Murgia, Giacomo Quattrocchio, Michela Ferro, Emanuele De Simone, Carla Naretto, Antonella Barreca, Andrea Sammartino, Daniela Rossi, Roberta Fenoglio. Treating Patients With ANCA-Associated Vasculitis and Very Severe Renal Injury With an Intensified B Cell Depletion Therapy: Comparison With a Control Cohort Receiving a Conventional Therapy. Frontiers in immunology. 2022; 13(?):777134. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.777134. [PMID: 35401565]
  • Thilo C von Groote, Gabrielle Williams, Eric H Au, Yizhi Chen, Anna T Mathew, Elisabeth M Hodson, David J Tunnicliffe. Immunosuppressive treatment for primary membranous nephropathy in adults with nephrotic syndrome. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2021 11; 11(?):CD004293. doi: 10.1002/14651858.cd004293.pub4. [PMID: 34778952]
  • Bruna Klein da Costa, Brenda Louise Banwell, Douglas Kazutoshi Sato. Treatment of MOG-IgG associated disease in paediatric patients: A systematic review. Multiple sclerosis and related disorders. 2021 Nov; 56(?):103216. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2021.103216. [PMID: 34450460]
  • Andrea Cassinotti, Alberto Corona, Piergiorgio Duca, Manuela Nebuloni, Giovanni Maconi, Paolo Fociani, Sandro Ardizzone. Noninvasive Monitoring After Azathioprine Withdrawal in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Deep Remission. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association. 2021 11; 19(11):2293-2301.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2021.06.014. [PMID: 34139332]
  • Gökhan Kabaçam, Staffan Wahlin, Cumali Efe. Autoimmune hepatitis triggered by COVID-19: A report of two cases. Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver. 2021 10; 41(10):2527-2528. doi: 10.1111/liv.15044. [PMID: 34478591]
  • Yanqiu Xu, Min Chen, Lin Xie, Xi Zhang, Yi Wang, Xiangchen Gu. Cytomegalovirus-Associated Nephrotic Syndrome in a Patient with Myasthenia Gravis Treated with Azathioprine: A Case Report. The American journal of case reports. 2021 Sep; 22(?):e933380. doi: 10.12659/ajcr.933380. [PMID: 34582431]
  • Edgar Carnero Contentti, Jorge Correale. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: from pathophysiology to therapeutic strategies. Journal of neuroinflammation. 2021 Sep; 18(1):208. doi: 10.1186/s12974-021-02249-1. [PMID: 34530847]
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  • Hiromu Morikubo, Taku Kobayashi, Ryo Ozaki, Shinji Okabayashi, Satoshi Kuronuma, Osamu Takeuchi, Tenyo Shiba, Hiroki Kiyohara, Mao Matsubayashi, Shintaro Sagami, Masaru Nakano, Osamu Ikezaki, Tadakazu Hisamatsu, Yoichi Tanaka, Toshifumi Hibi. Differential effects of mesalazine formulations on thiopurine metabolism through thiopurine S-methyltransferase inhibition. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology. 2021 Aug; 36(8):2116-2124. doi: 10.1111/jgh.15411. [PMID: 33470487]
  • Ben Sprangers, Leonardo V Riella, Daan Dierickx. Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder Following Kidney Transplantation: A Review. American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation. 2021 08; 78(2):272-281. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2021.01.015. [PMID: 33774079]
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  • Piero Ruggenenti, Paolo Cravedi, Eliana Gotti, Annarita Plati, Maddalena Marasà, Silvio Sandrini, Nicola Bossini, Franco Citterio, Enrico Minetti, Domenico Montanaro, Ettore Sabadini, Regina Tardanico, Davide Martinetti, Flavio Gaspari, Alessandro Villa, Annalisa Perna, Francesco Peraro, Giuseppe Remuzzi. Mycophenolate mofetil versus azathioprine in kidney transplant recipients on steroid-free, low-dose cyclosporine immunosuppression (ATHENA): A pragmatic randomized trial. PLoS medicine. 2021 06; 18(6):e1003668. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003668. [PMID: 34166370]
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  • Lorenza Maria Argolini, Giulia Frontini, Elena Elefante, Francesca Saccon, Valentina Binda, Chiara Tani, Isabella Scotti, Linda Carli, Mariele Gatto, Ciro Esposito, Maria Gerosa, Roberto Caporali, Andrea Doria, Piergiorgio Messa, Marta Mosca, Gabriella Moroni. Multicentric study comparing cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil and azathioprine in the maintenance therapy of lupus nephritis: 8 years follow up. Journal of nephrology. 2021 04; 34(2):389-398. doi: 10.1007/s40620-020-00753-w. [PMID: 32462476]
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