Nateglinide (BioDeep_00000002471)

   

human metabolite blood metabolite


代谢物信息卡片


(2R)-3-phenyl-2-[(4-propan-2-ylcyclohexanecarbonyl)amino]propanoic acid

化学式: C19H27NO3 (317.1991)
中文名称: 那格列奈
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 Mentha canadensis(plant) 62.07%

分子结构信息

SMILES: CC(C)C1CCC(C(=O)NC(Cc2ccccc2)C(=O)O)CC1
InChI: InChI=1S/C19H27NO3/c1-13(2)15-8-10-16(11-9-15)18(21)20-17(19(22)23)12-14-6-4-3-5-7-14/h3-7,13,15-17H,8-12H2,1-2H3,(H,20,21)(H,22,23)/t15?,16-,17-/m1/s1

描述信息

Nateglinide is an oral antihyperglycemic agent used for the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). It belongs to the meglitinide class of short-acting insulin secretagogues, which act by binding to cells of the pancreas to stimulate insulin release. Nateglinide is an amino acid derivative that induces an early insulin response to meals decreasing postprandial blood glucose levels. It should only be taken with meals and meal-time doses should be skipped with any skipped meal. Approximately one month of therapy is required before a decrease in fasting blood glucose is seen. Meglitnides may have a neutral effect on weight or cause a slight increase in weight. The average weight gain caused by meglitinides appears to be lower than that caused by sulfonylureas and insulin and appears to occur only in those naive to oral antidiabetic agents. Due to their mechanism of action, meglitinides may cause hypoglycemia although the risk is thought to be lower than that of sulfonylureas since their action is dependent on the presence of glucose. In addition to reducing postprandial and fasting blood glucose, meglitnides have been shown to decrease glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, which are reflective of the last 8-10 weeks of glucose control. Meglitinides appear to be more effective at lowering postprandial blood glucose than metformin, sulfonylureas and thiazolidinediones. Nateglinide is extensively metabolized in the liver and excreted in urine (83\\%) and feces (10\\%). The major metabolites possess less activity than the parent compound. One minor metabolite, the isoprene, has the same potency as its parent compound.
C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C29711 - Anti-diabetic Agent > C98079 - Meglitinide Antidiabetic Agent
A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A10 - Drugs used in diabetes > A10B - Blood glucose lowering drugs, excl. insulins
D007004 - Hypoglycemic Agents

同义名列表

6 个代谢物同义名

(2R)-3-phenyl-2-[(4-propan-2-ylcyclohexanecarbonyl)amino]propanoic acid; (2R)-3-phenyl-2-{[4-(propan-2-yl)cyclohexyl]formamido}propanoic acid; D-Phenylalanine, N-[[4-(1-methylethyl)cyclohexyl]carbonyl]-, cis-; Nateglinide; SDZ-DJN 608; Nateglinide



数据库引用编号

20 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

PlantCyc(0)

代谢反应

0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(0)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

1 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有:

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息,我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表,这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序,取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘,得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序,取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中,存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称,可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。

亚细胞结构定位 关联基因列表
Cytoplasm 5 ALB, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP3A4, PPARG
Endoplasmic reticulum membrane 3 CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP3A4
Nucleus 2 ALB, PPARG
cytosol 2 ALB, PPARG
centrosome 2 ALB, SLC16A1
nucleoplasm 1 PPARG
RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex 1 PPARG
Cell membrane 6 ABCC8, DPP4, SLC16A1, SLC16A5, SLCO1B1, TNF
lamellipodium 1 DPP4
Multi-pass membrane protein 8 ABCC8, CACNA1I, KCNA3, KCNJ11, SLC15A1, SLC16A1, SLC16A5, SLCO1B1
Synapse 1 SLC16A1
cell junction 2 DPP4, SLC16A1
cell surface 3 ADIPOQ, DPP4, TNF
glutamatergic synapse 2 KCNA3, KCNJ11
Golgi apparatus 1 ALB
Golgi membrane 1 INS
lysosomal membrane 2 DPP4, GAA
neuronal cell body 2 KCNJ11, TNF
presynaptic membrane 3 ABCC8, KCNA3, KCNJ11
sarcolemma 1 ABCC8
Lysosome 1 GAA
acrosomal vesicle 1 KCNJ11
endosome 1 KCNJ11
plasma membrane 15 ABCC8, CACNA1I, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, DPP4, GAA, GCG, KCNA3, KCNJ11, REN, SLC15A1, SLC16A1, SLC16A5, SLCO1B1, TNF
synaptic vesicle membrane 1 ABCC8
Membrane 12 ABCC8, CACNA1I, CYP3A4, DPP4, GAA, KCNA3, KCNJ11, REN, SLC15A1, SLC16A1, SLC16A5, SLCO1B1
apical plasma membrane 3 DPP4, SLC15A1, SLC16A1
axon 1 KCNA3
basolateral plasma membrane 3 SLC16A1, SLC16A5, SLCO1B1
brush border 1 SLC15A1
extracellular exosome 4 ALB, DPP4, GAA, SLC16A1
Lysosome membrane 1 GAA
endoplasmic reticulum 2 ADIPOQ, ALB
extracellular space 6 ADIPOQ, ALB, GCG, INS, REN, TNF
lysosomal lumen 1 GAA
perinuclear region of cytoplasm 2 KCNA3, PPARG
intercalated disc 1 KCNJ11
intercellular canaliculus 1 DPP4
protein-containing complex 2 ABCC8, ALB
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle 6 CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP3A4, GAA, PPARG, SLC16A1
Microsome membrane 2 CYP2C9, CYP3A4
Secreted 7 ADIPOQ, ALB, DPP4, GAA, GCG, INS, REN
extracellular region 8 ADIPOQ, ALB, DPP4, GAA, GCG, INS, REN, TNF
Single-pass membrane protein 1 DPP4
anchoring junction 2 ALB, DPP4
external side of plasma membrane 1 TNF
T-tubule 1 KCNJ11
apical part of cell 1 REN
recycling endosome 1 TNF
Single-pass type II membrane protein 2 DPP4, TNF
postsynaptic membrane 1 KCNA3
Apical cell membrane 3 DPP4, SLC15A1, SLC16A1
Membrane raft 3 DPP4, KCNA3, TNF
focal adhesion 1 DPP4
axolemma 1 KCNJ11
collagen trimer 1 ADIPOQ
collagen-containing extracellular matrix 1 ADIPOQ
lateral plasma membrane 1 SLC16A1
receptor complex 1 PPARG
ciliary basal body 1 ALB
chromatin 1 PPARG
phagocytic cup 1 TNF
centriole 1 ALB
spindle pole 1 ALB
blood microparticle 1 ALB
Basolateral cell membrane 2 SLC16A1, SLCO1B1
[Isoform 2]: Cell membrane 1 KCNA3
nuclear envelope 1 KCNJ11
Endomembrane system 1 DPP4
endosome lumen 1 INS
monoatomic ion channel complex 1 KCNJ11
cell body fiber 1 KCNJ11
inward rectifying potassium channel 2 ABCC8, KCNJ11
tertiary granule membrane 1 GAA
basal plasma membrane 2 SLC16A1, SLCO1B1
voltage-gated potassium channel complex 1 KCNA3
secretory granule lumen 2 GCG, INS
Golgi lumen 1 INS
endoplasmic reticulum lumen 3 ALB, GCG, INS
platelet alpha granule lumen 1 ALB
voltage-gated calcium channel complex 1 CACNA1I
endocytic vesicle 1 DPP4
transport vesicle 1 INS
azurophil granule membrane 1 GAA
Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane 1 INS
calyx of Held 1 KCNA3
Basal cell membrane 1 SLCO1B1
ficolin-1-rich granule membrane 1 GAA
[Isoform 1]: Cell membrane 1 KCNA3
potassium ion-transporting ATPase complex 1 ABCC8
lamellipodium membrane 1 DPP4
[Glucagon-like peptide 1]: Secreted 1 GCG
[Tumor necrosis factor, soluble form]: Secreted 1 TNF
Cell projection, lamellipodium membrane 1 DPP4
Cell projection, invadopodium membrane 1 DPP4
autolysosome lumen 1 GAA
[Isoform 3]: Cytoplasm, perinuclear region 1 KCNA3
[Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 soluble form]: Secreted 1 DPP4
ciliary transition fiber 1 ALB
[C-domain 2]: Secreted 1 TNF
[Tumor necrosis factor, membrane form]: Membrane 1 TNF
[C-domain 1]: Secreted 1 TNF


文献列表

  • Koji Nishi, Ayana Yano, Kenji Tsukigawa, Victor Tg Chuang, Masaki Otagiri, Keishi Yamasaki. Effect of Fatty Acids and Uremic Toxins on the Binding of Nateglinide, an Insulin Secretagogue, to Site II on Human Serum Albumin. Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin. 2022; 45(6):803-805. doi: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00116. [PMID: 35650107]
  • Tao Wang, Jin-Fang Song, Xue-Yan Zhou, Cheng-Lin Li, Xiao-Xing Yin, Qian Lu. PPARD rs2016520 (T/C) and NOS1AP rs12742393 (A/C) polymorphisms affect therapeutic efficacy of nateglinide in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. BMC medical genomics. 2021 11; 14(1):267. doi: 10.1186/s12920-021-01108-5. [PMID: 34772419]
  • Susan T Ovbude, Pingyang Tao, Zhao Li, David S Hage. High-Performance affinity chromatographic studies of repaglinide and nateglinide interactions with normal and glyoxal- or methylglyoxal-modified human albumin serum. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 2021 Jul; 201(?):114097. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114097. [PMID: 33933705]
  • Mohamed A Hammad, Amira H Kamal, Reham E Kannouma, Fotouh R Mansour. Vortex-Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Coupled with Deproteinization for Determination of Nateglinide in Human Plasma Using HPLC/UV. Journal of chromatographic science. 2021 Feb; 59(3):297-304. doi: 10.1093/chromsci/bmaa096. [PMID: 33275653]
  • Ming Yu, Xiaobin Li, Hao Jin, Lu Chen, Nan Wang, Huawei Wang, Ying Cao, Xin Sui, Xue Gao, Hanyue Yang, Wenping Wang. Bioequivalence of a Generic Nateglinide Formulation in Healthy Chinese Volunteers under Fasting and Fed Conditions: A Randomized, Open-Label, Double-Cycle, Double-Crossover Study. Pharmacology. 2021; 106(7-8):418-425. doi: 10.1159/000512851. [PMID: 33866315]
  • Moeko Kojina, Keiichiro Suzuki, Akane Nishiwaki, Tetsuya Aiba. Acute Peripheral Inflammation Increases Plasma Concentration of Hypoglycemic Agent Nateglinide with Decreased Hepatic Drug-Metabolizing Activity in Rats. Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin. 2021; 44(1):96-102. doi: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00677. [PMID: 33390555]
  • Tao Li, Dirong Wu, Yang Yang, Tao Xiao, Yilin Han, Jing Li, Ting Liu, Li Li, Zeqin Dai, Yongjun Li, Xiaozhong Fu. Synthesis, pharmacological evaluation and mechanistic study of scutellarin methyl ester -4'-dipeptide conjugates for the treatment of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in rat pups. Bioorganic chemistry. 2020 08; 101(?):103980. doi: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103980. [PMID: 32540782]
  • Suddhasattya Dey, Souvik Basak, Anjan De, Shahreja Parvez Alam, Tabassum Hossain, Achintya Saha, Manik Ghosh, Tanushree Karmakar. Simultaneous Pharmacokinetics Estimation of Nateglinide and Pioglitazone by RP-HPLC: Computational Study to Unlock the Synergism. Journal of chromatographic science. 2020 Apr; 58(4):309-322. doi: 10.1093/chromsci/bmz116. [PMID: 31836899]
  • Qing Wu, Xi He, Shaojun Zhou, Fuguo Shi, Yuanfu Lu. Role of PEPT1in the transport of cinnabar in Caco-2 cells. Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA. 2020 Mar; 63(?):104747. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104747. [PMID: 31838184]
  • Yao Jin, Qi Liu, Chuhang Zhou, Xinping Hu, Leqi Wang, Shidi Han, Yuanhang Zhou, Yan Liu. Intestinal oligopeptide transporter PepT1-targeted polymeric micelles for further enhancing the oral absorption of water-insoluble agents. Nanoscale. 2019 Nov; 11(44):21433-21448. doi: 10.1039/c9nr07029j. [PMID: 31681915]
  • Feng Xu, Liang Zhu, Chaoqun Qian, Junjie Zhou, Donghao Geng, Ping Li, Wenjing Xuan, Fangge Wu, Kaijing Zhao, Weimin Kong, Yuanyuan Qin, Limin Liang, Li Liu, Xiaodong Liu. Impairment of Intestinal Monocarboxylate Transporter 6 Function and Expression in Diabetic Rats Induced by Combination of High-Fat Diet and Low Dose of Streptozocin: Involvement of Butyrate-Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Activation. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2019 06; 47(6):556-566. doi: 10.1124/dmd.118.085803. [PMID: 30923035]
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  • Giulia Boscutti, Chiara Nardon, Luciano Marchiò, Marco Crisma, Barbara Biondi, Daniele Dalzoppo, Lisa Dalla Via, Fernando Formaggio, Angela Casini, Dolores Fregona. Anticancer Gold(III) Peptidomimetics: From Synthesis to in vitro and ex vivo Biological Evaluations. ChemMedChem. 2018 06; 13(11):1131-1145. doi: 10.1002/cmdc.201800098. [PMID: 29570944]
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  • Bianca Hemmingsen, David Peick Sonne, Maria-Inti Metzendorf, Bernd Richter. Insulin secretagogues for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in persons at increased risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2016 Oct; 10(?):CD012151. doi: 10.1002/14651858.cd012151.pub2. [PMID: 27749986]
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  • Lei Zheng, Jing Wang, Jie Zhang, Zhaorui Song, Yaqing Dong, Yufen Wang, Zhongsheng Tong, Chuan Deng, Yongmei Yin, Meng Meng, Rimo Xi. Preparation of polyclonal antibodies for nateglinide (NTG) and development of a sensitive chemiluminescent immunoassay to detect NTG in tablets and serum. Talanta. 2016; 146(?):483-9. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.09.008. [PMID: 26695294]
  • Ele Ferrannini, Ralph A DeFronzo. Impact of glucose-lowering drugs on cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes. European heart journal. 2015 Sep; 36(34):2288-96. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv239. [PMID: 26063450]
  • Jian Zhou, Zixuan Deng, Jingyi Lu, Hong Li, Xiuzhen Zhang, Yongde Peng, Yifei Mo, Yuqian Bao, Weiping Jia. Differential therapeutic effects of nateglinide and acarbose on fasting and postprandial lipid profiles: a randomized trial. Diabetes technology & therapeutics. 2015 Apr; 17(4):229-34. doi: 10.1089/dia.2014.0299. [PMID: 25781235]
  • Saki Izumi, Yoshitane Nozaki, Kazuya Maeda, Takafumi Komori, Osamu Takenaka, Hiroyuki Kusuhara, Yuichi Sugiyama. Investigation of the impact of substrate selection on in vitro organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 inhibition profiles for the prediction of drug-drug interactions. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2015 Feb; 43(2):235-47. doi: 10.1124/dmd.114.059105. [PMID: 25414411]
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  • Ranjan Ku Sahoo, Nikhil Biswas, Arijit Guha, Ketousetuo Kuotsu. Maltodextrin based proniosomes of nateglinide: bioavailability assessment. International journal of biological macromolecules. 2014 Aug; 69(?):430-4. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.05.075. [PMID: 24909314]
  • Chea-Ha Kim, Soo-Hyun Park, Yun-Beom Sim, Sung-Su Kim, Su-Jin Kim, Su-Min Lim, Jun-Sub Jung, Hong-Won Suh. Effects of nateglinide and repaglinide administered intracerebroventricularly on the CA3 hippocampal neuronal cell death and hyperglycemia induced by kainic acid in mice. Brain research bulletin. 2014 May; 104(?):36-41. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2014.02.003. [PMID: 24704461]
  • Kim M Huffman, Jie-Lena Sun, Laine Thomas, Connie W Bales, Robert M Califf, Thomas Yates, Melanie J Davies, Rury R Holman, John J V McMurray, M Angelyn Bethel, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Steven M Haffner, William E Kraus. Impact of baseline physical activity and diet behavior on metabolic syndrome in a pharmaceutical trial: results from NAVIGATOR. Metabolism: clinical and experimental. 2014 Apr; 63(4):554-61. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.01.002. [PMID: 24559843]
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  • Niki Katsiki, Genovefa Kolovou. Postprandial lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes. Current medical research and opinion. 2014 Jan; 30(1):121. doi: 10.1185/03007995.2013.842545. [PMID: 24024786]
  • Lan Shen, Bimal R Shah, Eric M Reyes, Laine Thomas, Daniel Wojdyla, Peter Diem, Lawrence A Leiter, Bernard Charbonnel, Viacheslav Mareev, Edward S Horton, Steven M Haffner, Vladimir Soska, Rury Holman, M Angelyn Bethel, Frank Schaper, Jie-Lena Sun, John J V McMurray, Robert M Califf, Henry Krum. Role of diuretics, β blockers, and statins in increasing the risk of diabetes in patients with impaired glucose tolerance: reanalysis of data from the NAVIGATOR study. BMJ (Clinical research ed.). 2013 Dec; 347(?):f6745. doi: 10.1136/bmj.f6745. [PMID: 24322398]
  • Roberto Latini, Lidia Staszewsky, Jie-Lena Sun, M Angelyn Bethel, Marcello Disertori, Steven M Haffner, Rury R Holman, Futien Chang, Thomas D Giles, Aldo P Maggioni, Guy E H M Rutten, Eberhard Standl, Laine Thomas, Gianni Tognoni, Robert M Califf, John J V McMurray. Incidence of atrial fibrillation in a population with impaired glucose tolerance: the contribution of glucose metabolism and other risk factors. A post hoc analysis of the Nateglinide and Valsartan in Impaired Glucose Tolerance Outcomes Research trial. American heart journal. 2013 Nov; 166(5):935-40.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2013.08.012. [PMID: 24176451]
  • E Phielix, A Brehm, E Bernroider, M Krssak, C-H Anderwald, M Krebs, A I Schmid, P Nowotny, M Roden. Effects of pioglitazone versus glimepiride exposure on hepatocellular fat content in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes, obesity & metabolism. 2013 Oct; 15(10):915-22. doi: 10.1111/dom.12112. [PMID: 23574533]
  • F Zheng, X Yin, W Lu, J Zhou, H Yuan, H Li. Improved post-prandial ghrelin response by nateglinide or acarbose therapy contributes to glucose stability in Type 2 diabetic patients. Journal of endocrinological investigation. 2013 Jul; 36(7):489-96. doi: 10.3275/8811. [PMID: 23324437]
  • Ranee Chatterjee, Laine Thomas, Laura Svetkey, Frederick L Brancati, Robert M Califf, David Edelman. Effects of changes in potassium with valsartan use on diabetes risk: Nateglinide and Valsartan in Impaired Glucose Tolerance Outcomes Research (NAVIGATOR) trial. American journal of hypertension. 2013 Jun; 26(6):723-6. doi: 10.1093/ajh/hpt016. [PMID: 23417031]
  • Jian Zhou, Hong Li, Xiuzhen Zhang, Yongde Peng, Yifei Mo, Yuqian Bao, Weiping Jia. Nateglinide and acarbose are comparably effective reducers of postprandial glycemic excursions in chinese antihyperglycemic agent-naive subjects with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes technology & therapeutics. 2013 Jun; 15(6):481-8. doi: 10.1089/dia.2013.0046. [PMID: 23631607]
  • Yee Weng Wong, Laine Thomas, Jie-Lena Sun, John J V McMurray, Henry Krum, Adrian F Hernandez, Guy E H M Rutten, Lawrence A Leiter, Eberhard Standl, Steven M Haffner, Theodore Mazzone, Felipe A Martinez, Gianni Tognoni, Thomas Giles, Robert M Califf. Predictors of incident heart failure hospitalizations among patients with impaired glucose tolerance: insight from the Nateglinide And Valsartan in Impaired Glucose Tolerance Outcomes Research study. Circulation. Heart failure. 2013 Mar; 6(2):203-10. doi: 10.1161/circheartfailure.112.000086. [PMID: 23388113]
  • Jin-Kui Yang, Lei Wang. Nateglinide in combination with metformin in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a post-marketing surveillance study. Clinical drug investigation. 2013 Mar; 33(3):185-91. doi: 10.1007/s40261-013-0054-4. [PMID: 23338975]
  • Yu Cheng, Guo Wang, Wei Zhang, Lan Fan, Yao Chen, Hong-Hao Zhou. Effect of CYP2C9 and SLCO1B1 polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nateglinide in healthy Chinese male volunteers. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2013 Mar; 69(3):407-13. doi: 10.1007/s00228-012-1364-9. [PMID: 22842957]
  • Jian Luo, Kathy Nguyen, Michael Chen, Than Tran, Jianqiang Hao, Bole Tian, Ingrid C Rulifson, Ying Zhang, Lei Tian, Yu Zhang, Edwin Lopez, Daniel C-H Lin, Yingcai Wang, Zhihua Ma, Jonathan Houze, Zhiguang Guo. Evaluating insulin secretagogues in a humanized mouse model with functional human islets. Metabolism: clinical and experimental. 2013 Jan; 62(1):90-9. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2012.07.010. [PMID: 22982177]
  • Jatinder Kaur, Atul Bhardwaj, Zhangjian Huang, Deepak Narang, Ting-Yueh Chen, Frances Plane, Edward E Knaus. Synthesis and biological investigations of nitric oxide releasing nateglinide and meglitinide type II antidiabetic prodrugs: in-vivo antihyperglycemic activities and blood pressure lowering studies. Journal of medicinal chemistry. 2012 Sep; 55(17):7883-91. doi: 10.1021/jm300997w. [PMID: 22916833]
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