Levamisole (BioDeep_00000001545)

 

Secondary id: BioDeep_00000397933

human metabolite blood metabolite Chemicals and Drugs


代谢物信息卡片


(-)-6-Phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole

化学式: C11H12N2S (204.0721)
中文名称: 四米唑, 左旋咪唑, 左旋咪唑碱
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 Homo sapiens(blood) 23.81%

分子结构信息

SMILES: c1([C@H]2CN3CCSC3=N2)ccccc1
InChI: InChI=1S/C11H12N2S/c1-2-4-9(5-3-1)10-8-13-6-7-14-11(13)12-10/h1-5,10H,6-8H2

描述信息

An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6)
P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P02 - Anthelmintics > P02C - Antinematodal agents > P02CE - Imidazothiazole derivatives
C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C210 - Immunoadjuvant > C2141 - Chemo Immunostimulant Adjuvant
D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000871 - Anthelmintics
COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials
CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 2857
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1172
D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents
D007155 - Immunologic Factors
C2140 - Adjuvant
Corona-virus
Coronavirus
SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19
SARS-CoV
COVID19
SARS2
SARS
Levamisole ((-)-Levamisole), an anthelmintic agent with immunomodulatory properties. Levamisole acts as a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) for the α3β2 (EC50=300 μM) and α3β4 (EC50=100 μM) subtype of nAChRs. Orally active[1][2].

同义名列表

31 个代谢物同义名

(-)-6-Phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole; (S)-2,3,5,6-Tetrahydro-6-phenylimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole; (6S)-6-phenyl-2H,3H,5H,6H-imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole; (-)-6-Phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole; Imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole,2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-6-phenyl-; Hydrochloride, levamisole; Levamisole hydrochloride; Phenyl imidothiazole; (S)-(-)-Tetramisole; (S)-(-)-Levamisole; (-)-Tetramisole; Levotetramisole; DL-Tetramisole; DL-Tetramisol; L-Tetramisole; TETRAMISOLE; Levamisolum; Levovermax; Levamisole; Levomysol; Levamisol; Wormicid; Solaskil; Totalon; Dekaris; Lepuron; Decaris; Ketrax; Levamisole hydrochloride; Levamisole; Levamisole



数据库引用编号

48 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

PlantCyc(0)

代谢反应

0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(0)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

1 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。

亚细胞结构定位 关联基因列表
Cytoplasm 2 ALB, ELANE
Peripheral membrane protein 2 ACHE, PRTN3
Endoplasmic reticulum membrane 1 CD4
Mitochondrion membrane 1 ALPL
Nucleus 4 ACHE, ACR, ALB, MPO
cytosol 3 ALB, ELANE, PRTN3
mitochondrial membrane 1 ALPL
phagocytic vesicle 1 ELANE
centrosome 1 ALB
nucleoplasm 2 CD2, MPO
Cell membrane 7 ACHE, ALPL, CD2, CD4, CD8A, PRTN3, TNF
Cytoplasmic granule 1 PRTN3
Synapse 1 ACHE
cell surface 4 ACHE, CD2, ELANE, TNF
Golgi apparatus 3 ACHE, ALB, CD2
neuromuscular junction 1 ACHE
neuronal cell body 1 TNF
Lysosome 1 MPO
plasma membrane 10 ACHE, ALPL, BCHE, CD2, CD4, CD8A, IFNLR1, IGHE, PRTN3, TNF
Membrane 3 ACHE, ALPL, IFNLR1
extracellular exosome 6 ALB, ALPL, ELANE, LYZ, MPO, PRTN3
endoplasmic reticulum 1 ALB
extracellular space 14 ACHE, ALB, BCHE, ELANE, IFNA1, IGHE, IL10, IL2, IL4, IL6, LYZ, MPO, PRTN3, TNF
perinuclear region of cytoplasm 1 ACHE
protein-containing complex 3 ACR, ALB, CD2
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle 2 MPO, PRTN3
Single-pass type I membrane protein 5 CD2, CD4, CD8A, IFNLR1, IGHE
Secreted 9 ACHE, ALB, BCHE, IFNA1, IL10, IL2, IL4, IL6, PRTN3
extracellular region 17 ACHE, ACR, ALB, ALPL, BCHE, CD2, CD8A, ELANE, IGHE, IL10, IL2, IL4, IL6, LYZ, MPO, PRTN3, TNF
cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane 1 CD2
[Isoform 2]: Secreted 1 CD8A
Extracellular side 2 ACHE, PRTN3
anchoring junction 1 ALB
external side of plasma membrane 4 CD2, CD4, CD8A, TNF
Early endosome 1 CD4
cell-cell junction 1 CD2
Golgi-associated vesicle 1 ACR
recycling endosome 1 TNF
Single-pass type II membrane protein 1 TNF
Membrane raft 3 CD4, PRTN3, TNF
extracellular matrix 1 ALPL
basement membrane 1 ACHE
Mitochondrion intermembrane space 1 ALPL
mitochondrial intermembrane space 1 ALPL
collagen-containing extracellular matrix 1 ELANE
secretory granule 2 ELANE, MPO
receptor complex 1 CD8A
ciliary basal body 1 ALB
IgE immunoglobulin complex 1 IGHE
phagocytic cup 1 TNF
centriole 1 ALB
spindle pole 1 ALB
blood microparticle 2 ALB, BCHE
Lipid-anchor, GPI-anchor 2 ACHE, ALPL
[Isoform 2]: Cell membrane 1 IGHE
side of membrane 2 ACHE, ALPL
azurophil granule 1 MPO
plasma membrane raft 2 CD8A, PRTN3
endoplasmic reticulum lumen 4 ALB, BCHE, CD4, IL6
transcription repressor complex 1 ELANE
platelet alpha granule lumen 1 ALB
specific granule lumen 2 ELANE, LYZ
tertiary granule lumen 1 LYZ
azurophil granule lumen 4 ELANE, LYZ, MPO, PRTN3
nuclear envelope lumen 1 BCHE
clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane 1 CD4
phagocytic vesicle lumen 1 MPO
synaptic cleft 1 ACHE
[Isoform 1]: Cell membrane 1 CD8A
Cytoplasmic vesicle, phagosome 1 ELANE
[Isoform 3]: Cell membrane 1 IGHE
[Tumor necrosis factor, soluble form]: Secreted 1 TNF
T cell receptor complex 2 CD4, CD8A
[Isoform 1]: Secreted 1 IGHE
IgE B cell receptor complex 1 IGHE
immunoglobulin complex, circulating 1 IGHE
Extracellular vesicle membrane 1 ALPL
interleukin-6 receptor complex 1 IL6
acrosomal matrix 1 ACR
[Isoform H]: Cell membrane 1 ACHE
ciliary transition fiber 1 ALB
interleukin-28 receptor complex 1 IFNLR1
[C-domain 2]: Secreted 1 TNF
[Tumor necrosis factor, membrane form]: Membrane 1 TNF
[C-domain 1]: Secreted 1 TNF


文献列表

  • Yakup Yildirim, Ali Küçük, Mehmet Kale, Sibel Hasircioğlu, Kamil Atli, Hasbi Sait Saltik. Evaluating the Efficiency of Various Treatment Methods in Cattle Cutaneous Papillomatosis. Veterinaria italiana. 2023 Dec; 59(4):. doi: 10.12834/vetit.3138.21450.2. [PMID: 38756023]
  • Sujogya Kumar Panda, Marijn Daemen, Gunanidhi Sahoo, Walter Luyten. Essential Oils as Novel Anthelmintic Drug Candidates. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2022 Nov; 27(23):. doi: 10.3390/molecules27238327. [PMID: 36500419]
  • Parker Elijah Joshua, Junaidu Yahaya, Daniel Emmanuel Ekpo, Joyce Oloaigbe Ogidigo, Arome Solomon Odiba, Rita Onyekachukwu Asomadu, Samson Ayodeji Oka, Olasupo Stephen Adeniyi. Modulation of immunological responses by aqueous extract of Datura stramonium L. seeds on cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in Wistar rats. BMC immunology. 2022 10; 23(1):50. doi: 10.1186/s12865-022-00519-y. [PMID: 36261807]
  • Qinghua Liu, Jiaxing Sun, Yangdou Dong, Pan Li, Jin Wang, Yulan Wang, Yanwu Xu, Xinrui Tian, Bowei Wu, Peifeng He, Qi Yu, Xuechun Lu, Jimin Cao. Tetramisole is a new IK1 channel agonist and exerts IK1 -dependent cardioprotective effects in rats. Pharmacology research & perspectives. 2022 08; 10(4):e00992. doi: 10.1002/prp2.992. [PMID: 35880674]
  • Maëlle Jospin, Benjamin Bonneau, Viviane Lainé, Jean-Louis Bessereau. An extracellular scaffolding complex confers unusual rectification upon an ionotropic acetylcholine receptor in C. elegans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2022 07; 119(29):e2113545119. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2113545119. [PMID: 35858330]
  • M Mauger, G Kelly, C H Annandale, I D Robertson, F K Waichigo, J W Aleri. Anthelmintic resistance of gastrointestinal nematodes in dairy calves within a pasture-based production system of south West Western Australia. Australian veterinary journal. 2022 Jul; 100(7):283-291. doi: 10.1111/avj.13162. [PMID: 35383394]
  • Moritz Losacker, Marica Hundertmark, Siegfried Zörntlein, Jörg Röhrich, Cornelius Hess. Chiral pharmacokinetics of tetramisole stereoisomers-Enantioselective quantification of levamisole and dexamisole in serum samples from users of adulterated cocaine. Drug testing and analysis. 2022 Jun; 14(6):1053-1064. doi: 10.1002/dta.3227. [PMID: 35060339]
  • Silvia Bernardi, Samantha Innocenti, Marina Charbit, Olivia Boyer. Late Onset of ANCA Vasculitis as a Side Effect of Levamisole Treatment in Nephrotic Syndrome. Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania). 2022 May; 58(5):. doi: 10.3390/medicina58050650. [PMID: 35630067]
  • Teka Feyera, Anwar Shifaw, Brendan Sharpe, Timothy Elliott, Isabelle Ruhnke, Stephen W Walkden-Brown. Worm control practices on free-range egg farms in Australia and anthelmintic efficacy against nematodes in naturally infected layer chickens. Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports. 2022 05; 30(?):100723. doi: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2022.100723. [PMID: 35431079]
  • Karolis Azukaitis, Suetonia C Palmer, Giovanni Fm Strippoli, Elisabeth M Hodson. Interventions for minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2022 03; 3(?):CD001537. doi: 10.1002/14651858.cd001537.pub5. [PMID: 35230699]
  • Jie Chen, Xin Hao, Buyong Wang, Ling Ma. Transcriptomics and coexpression network profiling of the effects of levamisole hydrochloride on Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Pesticide biochemistry and physiology. 2022 Feb; 181(?):105019. doi: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.105019. [PMID: 35082042]
  • Hayder M Al-Kuraishy, Ali I Al-Gareeb, Luay Alkazmi, Athanasios Alexiou, Gaber El-Saber Batiha. Levamisole Therapy in COVID-19. Viral immunology. 2021 12; 34(10):722-725. doi: 10.1089/vim.2021.0042. [PMID: 34388031]
  • Lieke A Hoogenboom, Hazel Webb, Kjell Tullus, Aoife Waters. The effect of levamisole on kidney function in children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome. Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany). 2021 11; 36(11):3799-3802. doi: 10.1007/s00467-021-05231-4. [PMID: 34490520]
  • Teka Feyera, Isabelle Ruhnke, Brendan Sharpe, Tim Elliott, Anwar Shifaw, Stephen W Walkden-Brown. Comparative therapeutic efficacies of oral and in-water administered levamisole, piperazine and fenbendazole against experimental Ascaridia galli infection in chickens. Veterinary parasitology. 2021 Oct; 298(?):109514. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109514. [PMID: 34271320]
  • Ana Olívia Martins Laurentino, Janaína Solómon, Bruna Ducatti Tonietto, Larissa Vivan Cestonaro, Nícolas Guimarães Dos Santos, Yasmin Vendruscolo Piton, Lucas Izolan, Douglas Marques, Marina Tuerlinckx Costa-Valle, Solange Cristina Garcia, Viviane Sebben, Eliane Dallegrave, Pedro Guilherme Schaefer, Elvino José Barros, Marcelo Dutra Arbo, Mirna Bainy Leal. Levamisole, a cocaine cutting agent, induces acute and subchronic systemic alterations in Wistar rats. Toxicology and applied pharmacology. 2021 09; 426(?):115649. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115649. [PMID: 34273407]
  • NadAli Yousefi Sadati, Mohammad Reza Youssefi, Seyed Mehdi Hosseinifard, Mohaddeseh Abouhosseini Tabari, Mario Giorgi. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of single and multiple-dose levamisole in belugas (Huso huso): Main focus on immunity responses. Fish & shellfish immunology. 2021 Jul; 114(?):152-160. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.04.016. [PMID: 33915293]
  • Louise Vermeulen, Marie Dirix, Amélie Dendooven. Cocaine Consumption and Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-associated Glomerulonephritis: A Case Report. The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology. 2021 Jun; 42(2):198-200. doi: 10.1097/paf.0000000000000618. [PMID: 33186130]
  • Mark J Henderson, Kathleen A Trychta, Shyh-Ming Yang, Susanne Bäck, Adam Yasgar, Emily S Wires, Carina Danchik, Xiaokang Yan, Hideaki Yano, Lei Shi, Kuo-Jen Wu, Amy Q Wang, Dingyin Tao, Gergely Zahoránszky-Kőhalmi, Xin Hu, Xin Xu, David Maloney, Alexey V Zakharov, Ganesha Rai, Fumihiko Urano, Mikko Airavaara, Oksana Gavrilova, Ajit Jadhav, Yun Wang, Anton Simeonov, Brandon K Harvey. A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome. Cell reports. 2021 04; 35(4):109040. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109040. [PMID: 33910017]
  • Kari M Midthun, Lewis S Nelson, Barry K Logan. Levamisole-a Toxic Adulterant in Illicit Drug Preparations: a Review. Therapeutic drug monitoring. 2021 04; 43(2):221-228. doi: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000851. [PMID: 33298746]
  • Floor Veltkamp, Marcel C M Pistorius, Antonia H M Bouts, Ron A A Mathôt. Development and Validation of a Highly Sensitive Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Technique to Determine Levamisole in Plasma and Saliva. Therapeutic drug monitoring. 2021 04; 43(2):279-285. doi: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000811. [PMID: 32910097]
  • Amirreza Roostaei Firozabad, Zohreh Akhoundi Meybodi, Seyed Ruhollah Mousavinasab, Adeleh Sahebnasagh, Mohsen Gholinataj Jelodar, Iman Karimzadeh, Solomon Habtemariam, Fatemeh Saghafi. Efficacy and safety of Levamisole treatment in clinical presentations of non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. BMC infectious diseases. 2021 Mar; 21(1):297. doi: 10.1186/s12879-021-05983-2. [PMID: 33761870]
  • Bénédicte Lelièvre, Benoit Suply, François Schmitt, Pascale Marcorelles, Guillaume Drevin, Clotilde Rougé Maillart. A fatal case after an intravenous injection of levamisole. Forensic science, medicine, and pathology. 2021 Mar; 17(1):130-135. doi: 10.1007/s12024-020-00336-y. [PMID: 33180273]
  • Peter Halvarsson, Johan Höglund. Sheep nemabiome diversity and its response to anthelmintic treatment in Swedish sheep herds. Parasites & vectors. 2021 Feb; 14(1):114. doi: 10.1186/s13071-021-04602-y. [PMID: 33602321]
  • Atefe Saemi Soudkolaei, Gholam Ali Kalidari, Hassan Borji. Anthelmintic efficacy of fenbendazole and levamisole in native fowl in northern Iran. Parasites & vectors. 2021 Feb; 14(1):104. doi: 10.1186/s13071-021-04605-9. [PMID: 33557928]
  • Magda V Benavides, Carlos J H Souza, W David Smith, José C F Moraes. Evaluation of protection in grazing lambs immunised with different doses of Haemonchus contortus gut membrane glycoproteins in Southern Brazil. Veterinary parasitology. 2021 Feb; 290(?):109360. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109360. [PMID: 33524779]
  • S Luque, M Lloberas, P Cardozo, G Virkel, C Farias, P Viviani, C Lanusse, L Alvarez, A Lifschitz. Combined moxidectin-levamisole treatment against multidrug-resistant gastrointestinal nematodes: A four-year efficacy monitoring in lambs. Veterinary parasitology. 2021 Feb; 290(?):109362. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109362. [PMID: 33524780]
  • Mary Beth Gadarowski, Ritesh Agnihothri, Glynis Scott, Molly Plovanich. Pyoderma gangrenosum associated with levamisole-adulterated cocaine in a c-ANCA positive patient. Dermatology online journal. 2021 Jan; 27(1):. doi: . [PMID: 33560793]
  • Konrad Marski, Antonio Meaiki, Martin Shanouda. Levamisole-adulterated cocaine poses a concern during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of addictive diseases. 2020 Oct; 38(4):580-581. doi: 10.1080/10550887.2020.1800890. [PMID: 32752939]
  • Edwin K Jackson, Dongmei Cheng, Vladimir B Ritov, Zaichuan Mi. Alkaline Phosphatase Activity Is a Key Determinant of Vascular Responsiveness to Norepinephrine. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979). 2020 10; 76(4):1308-1318. doi: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15822. [PMID: 32829665]
  • Oğuz Abdullah Uyaroğlu, Gülay Sain Güven, İbrahim Güllü. Can Levamisole be used in the treatment of COVID-19 patients presenting with diarrhea?. Journal of infection in developing countries. 2020 Aug; 14(8):844-846. doi: 10.3855/jidc.13101. [PMID: 32903227]
  • M W Maichomo, J M Nginyi, A Caruso-Varès, E O Mungube, G Pagny, C Chevtzoff, J C Njanja, P A Lumumba, J F Collin, N Isaka. Efficacy of VERYL® in the treatment of cattle naturally infected with gastro-intestinal nematodes in Kenya. Tropical animal health and production. 2020 Jul; 52(4):1699-1705. doi: 10.1007/s11250-019-02179-4. [PMID: 31865537]
  • Felipe Lamberti Pivoto, Alfredo Skrebsky Cezar, Fernanda Silveira Flores Vogel, Camila Balconi Marques, Marta Elena Machado Alves, Camila Coelho Becker, Marta Lizandra do Rego Leal. Economic losses caused by the use of low-efficacy anthelmintic drugs in growing heifers. Tropical animal health and production. 2020 May; 52(3):1365-1374. doi: 10.1007/s11250-019-02144-1. [PMID: 31758387]
  • Mohaddeseh A Tabari, Mohammad Reza Youssefi, Seyed Mehdi Hosseinifard, Ali Akbar Moghaddamnia, Sohrab Kazemi, NadAli Yousefi Sadati, Azadeh Jalali Mothahari, Mario Giorgi. Pharmacokinetics of levamisole after intramuscular and oral administrations to Caspian salmon (Salmo trutta caspius). Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics. 2020 May; 43(3):276-281. doi: 10.1111/jvp.12856. [PMID: 32201965]
  • Nicholas G Larkins, Isaac D Liu, Narelle S Willis, Jonathan C Craig, Elisabeth M Hodson. Non-corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2020 04; 4(?):CD002290. doi: 10.1002/14651858.cd002290.pub5. [PMID: 32297308]
  • Eleanor Cave, Nigel J Crowther. Tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase mediates the accumulation of cholesterol esters in the murine Y1 adrenal cortex cell line. Annals of anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : official organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft. 2020 Jan; 227(?):151420. doi: 10.1016/j.aanat.2019.151420. [PMID: 31563571]
  • Ricardo Villa-Bellosta. ATP-based therapy prevents vascular calcification and extends longevity in a mouse model of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2019 11; 116(47):23698-23704. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1910972116. [PMID: 31690656]
  • Lígia Carvalho Oliveira, Alexandre Renato Brasiliense, Márcia Kelly Dias, Eliane Tie Yoshioka, Marcos Tavares-Dias. Toxicological, hematological and immunological effects of levamisole and ivermectin diet supplementation on Colossoma macropomum (Serrasalmidae). Diseases of aquatic organisms. 2019 Nov; 136(3):255-263. doi: 10.3354/dao03413. [PMID: 31724558]
  • Tobie D Lee, Olivia W Lee, Kyle R Brimacombe, Lu Chen, Rajarshi Guha, Sabrina Lusvarghi, Bethilehem G Tebase, Carleen Klumpp-Thomas, Robert W Robey, Suresh V Ambudkar, Min Shen, Michael M Gottesman, Matthew D Hall. A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Molecular pharmacology. 2019 11; 96(5):629-640. doi: 10.1124/mol.119.115964. [PMID: 31515284]
  • Orhan Corum, Duygu Durna Corum, Orkun Atik, Feray Altan, Ayse Er, Kamil Uney. Pharmacokinetics of levamisole in the red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans). Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics. 2019 Nov; 42(6):654-659. doi: 10.1111/jvp.12763. [PMID: 30933367]
  • Godfrey Nsereko, Patrick Emudong, Joseph Omujal, James Acai, Joseph M Kungu, Fredrick Kabi, Swidiq Mugerwa, James Bugeza. Comparison of the efficacy of crude methanolic extracts of Cassia occidentalis and Euphorbia hirta with levamisole-HCL against gastrointestinal nematodes of economic importance to goat production in Uganda. Tropical animal health and production. 2019 Nov; 51(8):2269-2278. doi: 10.1007/s11250-019-01939-6. [PMID: 31152335]
  • Jessica Maria Leite Dos Santos, Janaélia Ferreira Vasconcelos, Gracielle Araújo Frota, Edilson Pereira de Freitas, Marcel Teixeira, Luiz da Silva Vieira, Claudia Maria Leal Bevilaqua, Jomar Patrício Monteiro. Quantitative molecular diagnosis of levamisole resistance in populations of Haemonchus contortus. Experimental parasitology. 2019 Oct; 205(?):107734. doi: 10.1016/j.exppara.2019.107734. [PMID: 31394093]
  • Prashant Pawar, Lachhman Das Singla, Paramjit Kaur, Mandeep Singh Bal, Mohamad Javed. Evaluation and Correlation of Multiple Anthelmintic Resistances to Gastrointestinal Nematodes Using Different Fecal Egg Count Reduction Methods in Small Ruminants of Punjab, India. Acta parasitologica. 2019 Sep; 64(3):456-463. doi: 10.2478/s11686-019-00083-3. [PMID: 31165992]
  • Marianne Rocha Simões-Silva, Raiza Brandão Peres, Constança Britto, Cynthia Machado Cascabulho, Gabriel de Melo Oliveira, Aline Nefertiti da Gama, Cristiane França da Silva, Karine Lima da Costa, Paula Finamore Araújo, Jerônimo Diego de Souza Campos, Marcos Meuser Batista, Kelly Cristina Demarque, Otacílio da Cruz Moreira, Maria de Nazaré Correia Soeiro. Impact of levamisole in co-administration with benznidazole on experimental Chagas disease. Parasitology. 2019 07; 146(8):1055-1062. doi: 10.1017/s0031182019000374. [PMID: 31046850]
  • Gollahalli Eregowda Chethan, Ujjwal Kumar De, Jugal Garkhal, Shubhankar Sircar, Yash Pal Singh Malik, Nihar Ranjan Sahoo, Abhishek, Med Ram Verma. Immunomodulating dose of levamisole stimulates innate immune response and prevents intestinal damage in porcine rotavirus diarrhea: a restricted-randomized, single-blinded, and placebo-controlled clinical trial. Tropical animal health and production. 2019 Jul; 51(6):1455-1465. doi: 10.1007/s11250-019-01833-1. [PMID: 30790158]
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