Levamisole (BioDeep_00000001545)

 

Secondary id: BioDeep_00000397933

human metabolite blood metabolite Chemicals and Drugs


代谢物信息卡片


(-)-6-Phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole

化学式: C11H12N2S (204.07211519999998)
中文名称: 左旋咪唑碱, 四米唑
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 Homo sapiens(urine) 16.54%

分子结构信息

SMILES: c1([C@H]2CN3CCSC3=N2)ccccc1
InChI: InChI=1S/C11H12N2S/c1-2-4-9(5-3-1)10-8-13-6-7-14-11(13)12-10/h1-5,10H,6-8H2

描述信息

An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6)
P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P02 - Anthelmintics > P02C - Antinematodal agents > P02CE - Imidazothiazole derivatives
C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C210 - Immunoadjuvant > C2141 - Chemo Immunostimulant Adjuvant
D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000871 - Anthelmintics
COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials
CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 2857
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1172
D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents
D007155 - Immunologic Factors
C2140 - Adjuvant
Corona-virus
Coronavirus
SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19
SARS-CoV
COVID19
SARS2
SARS
Levamisole ((-)-Levamisole), an anthelmintic agent with immunomodulatory properties. Levamisole acts as a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) for the α3β2 (EC50=300 μM) and α3β4 (EC50=100 μM) subtype of nAChRs. Orally active[1][2].

同义名列表

28 个代谢物同义名

(-)-6-Phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole; (S)-2,3,5,6-Tetrahydro-6-phenylimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole; (6S)-6-phenyl-2H,3H,5H,6H-imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole; (-)-6-Phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole; Imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole,2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-6-phenyl-; Hydrochloride, levamisole; Levamisole hydrochloride; Phenyl imidothiazole; (S)-(-)-Tetramisole; (S)-(-)-Levamisole; (-)-Tetramisole; Levotetramisole; DL-Tetramisole; DL-Tetramisol; L-Tetramisole; TETRAMISOLE; Levamisolum; Levovermax; Levamisole; Levomysol; Levamisol; Wormicid; Solaskil; Totalon; Dekaris; Lepuron; Decaris; Ketrax



数据库引用编号

44 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

PlantCyc(0)

代谢反应

0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(0)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

1 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。



文献列表

  • Yakup Yildirim, Ali Küçük, Mehmet Kale, Sibel Hasircioğlu, Kamil Atli, Hasbi Sait Saltik. Evaluating the Efficiency of Various Treatment Methods in Cattle Cutaneous Papillomatosis. Veterinaria italiana. 2023 Dec; 59(4):. doi: 10.12834/vetit.3138.21450.2. [PMID: 38756023]
  • Sujogya Kumar Panda, Marijn Daemen, Gunanidhi Sahoo, Walter Luyten. Essential Oils as Novel Anthelmintic Drug Candidates. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2022 Nov; 27(23):. doi: 10.3390/molecules27238327. [PMID: 36500419]
  • Parker Elijah Joshua, Junaidu Yahaya, Daniel Emmanuel Ekpo, Joyce Oloaigbe Ogidigo, Arome Solomon Odiba, Rita Onyekachukwu Asomadu, Samson Ayodeji Oka, Olasupo Stephen Adeniyi. Modulation of immunological responses by aqueous extract of Datura stramonium L. seeds on cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in Wistar rats. BMC immunology. 2022 10; 23(1):50. doi: 10.1186/s12865-022-00519-y. [PMID: 36261807]
  • Qinghua Liu, Jiaxing Sun, Yangdou Dong, Pan Li, Jin Wang, Yulan Wang, Yanwu Xu, Xinrui Tian, Bowei Wu, Peifeng He, Qi Yu, Xuechun Lu, Jimin Cao. Tetramisole is a new IK1 channel agonist and exerts IK1 -dependent cardioprotective effects in rats. Pharmacology research & perspectives. 2022 08; 10(4):e00992. doi: 10.1002/prp2.992. [PMID: 35880674]
  • Maëlle Jospin, Benjamin Bonneau, Viviane Lainé, Jean-Louis Bessereau. An extracellular scaffolding complex confers unusual rectification upon an ionotropic acetylcholine receptor in C. elegans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2022 07; 119(29):e2113545119. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2113545119. [PMID: 35858330]
  • M Mauger, G Kelly, C H Annandale, I D Robertson, F K Waichigo, J W Aleri. Anthelmintic resistance of gastrointestinal nematodes in dairy calves within a pasture-based production system of south West Western Australia. Australian veterinary journal. 2022 Jul; 100(7):283-291. doi: 10.1111/avj.13162. [PMID: 35383394]
  • Moritz Losacker, Marica Hundertmark, Siegfried Zörntlein, Jörg Röhrich, Cornelius Hess. Chiral pharmacokinetics of tetramisole stereoisomers-Enantioselective quantification of levamisole and dexamisole in serum samples from users of adulterated cocaine. Drug testing and analysis. 2022 Jun; 14(6):1053-1064. doi: 10.1002/dta.3227. [PMID: 35060339]
  • Silvia Bernardi, Samantha Innocenti, Marina Charbit, Olivia Boyer. Late Onset of ANCA Vasculitis as a Side Effect of Levamisole Treatment in Nephrotic Syndrome. Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania). 2022 May; 58(5):. doi: 10.3390/medicina58050650. [PMID: 35630067]
  • Teka Feyera, Anwar Shifaw, Brendan Sharpe, Timothy Elliott, Isabelle Ruhnke, Stephen W Walkden-Brown. Worm control practices on free-range egg farms in Australia and anthelmintic efficacy against nematodes in naturally infected layer chickens. Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports. 2022 05; 30(?):100723. doi: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2022.100723. [PMID: 35431079]
  • Karolis Azukaitis, Suetonia C Palmer, Giovanni Fm Strippoli, Elisabeth M Hodson. Interventions for minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2022 03; 3(?):CD001537. doi: 10.1002/14651858.cd001537.pub5. [PMID: 35230699]
  • Jie Chen, Xin Hao, Buyong Wang, Ling Ma. Transcriptomics and coexpression network profiling of the effects of levamisole hydrochloride on Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Pesticide biochemistry and physiology. 2022 Feb; 181(?):105019. doi: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.105019. [PMID: 35082042]
  • Hayder M Al-Kuraishy, Ali I Al-Gareeb, Luay Alkazmi, Athanasios Alexiou, Gaber El-Saber Batiha. Levamisole Therapy in COVID-19. Viral immunology. 2021 12; 34(10):722-725. doi: 10.1089/vim.2021.0042. [PMID: 34388031]
  • Lieke A Hoogenboom, Hazel Webb, Kjell Tullus, Aoife Waters. The effect of levamisole on kidney function in children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome. Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany). 2021 11; 36(11):3799-3802. doi: 10.1007/s00467-021-05231-4. [PMID: 34490520]
  • Teka Feyera, Isabelle Ruhnke, Brendan Sharpe, Tim Elliott, Anwar Shifaw, Stephen W Walkden-Brown. Comparative therapeutic efficacies of oral and in-water administered levamisole, piperazine and fenbendazole against experimental Ascaridia galli infection in chickens. Veterinary parasitology. 2021 Oct; 298(?):109514. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109514. [PMID: 34271320]
  • Ana Olívia Martins Laurentino, Janaína Solómon, Bruna Ducatti Tonietto, Larissa Vivan Cestonaro, Nícolas Guimarães Dos Santos, Yasmin Vendruscolo Piton, Lucas Izolan, Douglas Marques, Marina Tuerlinckx Costa-Valle, Solange Cristina Garcia, Viviane Sebben, Eliane Dallegrave, Pedro Guilherme Schaefer, Elvino José Barros, Marcelo Dutra Arbo, Mirna Bainy Leal. Levamisole, a cocaine cutting agent, induces acute and subchronic systemic alterations in Wistar rats. Toxicology and applied pharmacology. 2021 09; 426(?):115649. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115649. [PMID: 34273407]
  • NadAli Yousefi Sadati, Mohammad Reza Youssefi, Seyed Mehdi Hosseinifard, Mohaddeseh Abouhosseini Tabari, Mario Giorgi. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of single and multiple-dose levamisole in belugas (Huso huso): Main focus on immunity responses. Fish & shellfish immunology. 2021 Jul; 114(?):152-160. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.04.016. [PMID: 33915293]
  • Louise Vermeulen, Marie Dirix, Amélie Dendooven. Cocaine Consumption and Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-associated Glomerulonephritis: A Case Report. The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology. 2021 Jun; 42(2):198-200. doi: 10.1097/paf.0000000000000618. [PMID: 33186130]
  • Mark J Henderson, Kathleen A Trychta, Shyh-Ming Yang, Susanne Bäck, Adam Yasgar, Emily S Wires, Carina Danchik, Xiaokang Yan, Hideaki Yano, Lei Shi, Kuo-Jen Wu, Amy Q Wang, Dingyin Tao, Gergely Zahoránszky-Kőhalmi, Xin Hu, Xin Xu, David Maloney, Alexey V Zakharov, Ganesha Rai, Fumihiko Urano, Mikko Airavaara, Oksana Gavrilova, Ajit Jadhav, Yun Wang, Anton Simeonov, Brandon K Harvey. A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome. Cell reports. 2021 04; 35(4):109040. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109040. [PMID: 33910017]
  • Kari M Midthun, Lewis S Nelson, Barry K Logan. Levamisole-a Toxic Adulterant in Illicit Drug Preparations: a Review. Therapeutic drug monitoring. 2021 04; 43(2):221-228. doi: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000851. [PMID: 33298746]
  • Floor Veltkamp, Marcel C M Pistorius, Antonia H M Bouts, Ron A A Mathôt. Development and Validation of a Highly Sensitive Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Technique to Determine Levamisole in Plasma and Saliva. Therapeutic drug monitoring. 2021 04; 43(2):279-285. doi: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000811. [PMID: 32910097]
  • Amirreza Roostaei Firozabad, Zohreh Akhoundi Meybodi, Seyed Ruhollah Mousavinasab, Adeleh Sahebnasagh, Mohsen Gholinataj Jelodar, Iman Karimzadeh, Solomon Habtemariam, Fatemeh Saghafi. Efficacy and safety of Levamisole treatment in clinical presentations of non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. BMC infectious diseases. 2021 Mar; 21(1):297. doi: 10.1186/s12879-021-05983-2. [PMID: 33761870]
  • Bénédicte Lelièvre, Benoit Suply, François Schmitt, Pascale Marcorelles, Guillaume Drevin, Clotilde Rougé Maillart. A fatal case after an intravenous injection of levamisole. Forensic science, medicine, and pathology. 2021 Mar; 17(1):130-135. doi: 10.1007/s12024-020-00336-y. [PMID: 33180273]
  • Peter Halvarsson, Johan Höglund. Sheep nemabiome diversity and its response to anthelmintic treatment in Swedish sheep herds. Parasites & vectors. 2021 Feb; 14(1):114. doi: 10.1186/s13071-021-04602-y. [PMID: 33602321]
  • Atefe Saemi Soudkolaei, Gholam Ali Kalidari, Hassan Borji. Anthelmintic efficacy of fenbendazole and levamisole in native fowl in northern Iran. Parasites & vectors. 2021 Feb; 14(1):104. doi: 10.1186/s13071-021-04605-9. [PMID: 33557928]
  • Magda V Benavides, Carlos J H Souza, W David Smith, José C F Moraes. Evaluation of protection in grazing lambs immunised with different doses of Haemonchus contortus gut membrane glycoproteins in Southern Brazil. Veterinary parasitology. 2021 Feb; 290(?):109360. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109360. [PMID: 33524779]
  • S Luque, M Lloberas, P Cardozo, G Virkel, C Farias, P Viviani, C Lanusse, L Alvarez, A Lifschitz. Combined moxidectin-levamisole treatment against multidrug-resistant gastrointestinal nematodes: A four-year efficacy monitoring in lambs. Veterinary parasitology. 2021 Feb; 290(?):109362. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109362. [PMID: 33524780]
  • Mary Beth Gadarowski, Ritesh Agnihothri, Glynis Scott, Molly Plovanich. Pyoderma gangrenosum associated with levamisole-adulterated cocaine in a c-ANCA positive patient. Dermatology online journal. 2021 Jan; 27(1):. doi: . [PMID: 33560793]
  • Konrad Marski, Antonio Meaiki, Martin Shanouda. Levamisole-adulterated cocaine poses a concern during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of addictive diseases. 2020 Oct; 38(4):580-581. doi: 10.1080/10550887.2020.1800890. [PMID: 32752939]
  • Edwin K Jackson, Dongmei Cheng, Vladimir B Ritov, Zaichuan Mi. Alkaline Phosphatase Activity Is a Key Determinant of Vascular Responsiveness to Norepinephrine. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979). 2020 10; 76(4):1308-1318. doi: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15822. [PMID: 32829665]
  • Oğuz Abdullah Uyaroğlu, Gülay Sain Güven, İbrahim Güllü. Can Levamisole be used in the treatment of COVID-19 patients presenting with diarrhea?. Journal of infection in developing countries. 2020 Aug; 14(8):844-846. doi: 10.3855/jidc.13101. [PMID: 32903227]
  • M W Maichomo, J M Nginyi, A Caruso-Varès, E O Mungube, G Pagny, C Chevtzoff, J C Njanja, P A Lumumba, J F Collin, N Isaka. Efficacy of VERYL® in the treatment of cattle naturally infected with gastro-intestinal nematodes in Kenya. Tropical animal health and production. 2020 Jul; 52(4):1699-1705. doi: 10.1007/s11250-019-02179-4. [PMID: 31865537]
  • Felipe Lamberti Pivoto, Alfredo Skrebsky Cezar, Fernanda Silveira Flores Vogel, Camila Balconi Marques, Marta Elena Machado Alves, Camila Coelho Becker, Marta Lizandra do Rego Leal. Economic losses caused by the use of low-efficacy anthelmintic drugs in growing heifers. Tropical animal health and production. 2020 May; 52(3):1365-1374. doi: 10.1007/s11250-019-02144-1. [PMID: 31758387]
  • Mohaddeseh A Tabari, Mohammad Reza Youssefi, Seyed Mehdi Hosseinifard, Ali Akbar Moghaddamnia, Sohrab Kazemi, NadAli Yousefi Sadati, Azadeh Jalali Mothahari, Mario Giorgi. Pharmacokinetics of levamisole after intramuscular and oral administrations to Caspian salmon (Salmo trutta caspius). Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics. 2020 May; 43(3):276-281. doi: 10.1111/jvp.12856. [PMID: 32201965]
  • Nicholas G Larkins, Isaac D Liu, Narelle S Willis, Jonathan C Craig, Elisabeth M Hodson. Non-corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2020 04; 4(?):CD002290. doi: 10.1002/14651858.cd002290.pub5. [PMID: 32297308]
  • Eleanor Cave, Nigel J Crowther. Tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase mediates the accumulation of cholesterol esters in the murine Y1 adrenal cortex cell line. Annals of anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : official organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft. 2020 Jan; 227(?):151420. doi: 10.1016/j.aanat.2019.151420. [PMID: 31563571]
  • Ricardo Villa-Bellosta. ATP-based therapy prevents vascular calcification and extends longevity in a mouse model of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2019 11; 116(47):23698-23704. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1910972116. [PMID: 31690656]
  • Lígia Carvalho Oliveira, Alexandre Renato Brasiliense, Márcia Kelly Dias, Eliane Tie Yoshioka, Marcos Tavares-Dias. Toxicological, hematological and immunological effects of levamisole and ivermectin diet supplementation on Colossoma macropomum (Serrasalmidae). Diseases of aquatic organisms. 2019 Nov; 136(3):255-263. doi: 10.3354/dao03413. [PMID: 31724558]
  • Tobie D Lee, Olivia W Lee, Kyle R Brimacombe, Lu Chen, Rajarshi Guha, Sabrina Lusvarghi, Bethilehem G Tebase, Carleen Klumpp-Thomas, Robert W Robey, Suresh V Ambudkar, Min Shen, Michael M Gottesman, Matthew D Hall. A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Molecular pharmacology. 2019 11; 96(5):629-640. doi: 10.1124/mol.119.115964. [PMID: 31515284]
  • Orhan Corum, Duygu Durna Corum, Orkun Atik, Feray Altan, Ayse Er, Kamil Uney. Pharmacokinetics of levamisole in the red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans). Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics. 2019 Nov; 42(6):654-659. doi: 10.1111/jvp.12763. [PMID: 30933367]
  • Godfrey Nsereko, Patrick Emudong, Joseph Omujal, James Acai, Joseph M Kungu, Fredrick Kabi, Swidiq Mugerwa, James Bugeza. Comparison of the efficacy of crude methanolic extracts of Cassia occidentalis and Euphorbia hirta with levamisole-HCL against gastrointestinal nematodes of economic importance to goat production in Uganda. Tropical animal health and production. 2019 Nov; 51(8):2269-2278. doi: 10.1007/s11250-019-01939-6. [PMID: 31152335]
  • Jessica Maria Leite Dos Santos, Janaélia Ferreira Vasconcelos, Gracielle Araújo Frota, Edilson Pereira de Freitas, Marcel Teixeira, Luiz da Silva Vieira, Claudia Maria Leal Bevilaqua, Jomar Patrício Monteiro. Quantitative molecular diagnosis of levamisole resistance in populations of Haemonchus contortus. Experimental parasitology. 2019 Oct; 205(?):107734. doi: 10.1016/j.exppara.2019.107734. [PMID: 31394093]
  • Prashant Pawar, Lachhman Das Singla, Paramjit Kaur, Mandeep Singh Bal, Mohamad Javed. Evaluation and Correlation of Multiple Anthelmintic Resistances to Gastrointestinal Nematodes Using Different Fecal Egg Count Reduction Methods in Small Ruminants of Punjab, India. Acta parasitologica. 2019 Sep; 64(3):456-463. doi: 10.2478/s11686-019-00083-3. [PMID: 31165992]
  • Marianne Rocha Simões-Silva, Raiza Brandão Peres, Constança Britto, Cynthia Machado Cascabulho, Gabriel de Melo Oliveira, Aline Nefertiti da Gama, Cristiane França da Silva, Karine Lima da Costa, Paula Finamore Araújo, Jerônimo Diego de Souza Campos, Marcos Meuser Batista, Kelly Cristina Demarque, Otacílio da Cruz Moreira, Maria de Nazaré Correia Soeiro. Impact of levamisole in co-administration with benznidazole on experimental Chagas disease. Parasitology. 2019 07; 146(8):1055-1062. doi: 10.1017/s0031182019000374. [PMID: 31046850]
  • Gollahalli Eregowda Chethan, Ujjwal Kumar De, Jugal Garkhal, Shubhankar Sircar, Yash Pal Singh Malik, Nihar Ranjan Sahoo, Abhishek, Med Ram Verma. Immunomodulating dose of levamisole stimulates innate immune response and prevents intestinal damage in porcine rotavirus diarrhea: a restricted-randomized, single-blinded, and placebo-controlled clinical trial. Tropical animal health and production. 2019 Jul; 51(6):1455-1465. doi: 10.1007/s11250-019-01833-1. [PMID: 30790158]
  • Meng Bai, Cai-Juan Zheng, Guo-Lei Huang, Rong-Qing Mei, Bin Wang, You-Ping Luo, Chao Zheng, Zhi-Gang Niu, Guang-Ying Chen. Bioactive Meroterpenoids and Isocoumarins from the Mangrove-Derived Fungus Penicillium sp. TGM112. Journal of natural products. 2019 05; 82(5):1155-1164. doi: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00866. [PMID: 30990038]
  • B Solomun Kolanović, N Bilandžić, B Kos, J Šušković, L Cvetnić, I Varenina, Đ Božić Luburić, I Varga, D Pavliček, M Denžić Lugomer, Ž Cvetnić. Distribution and elimination of levamisole in eggs and tissues after oral administration to laying hens, determined by LC-MS/MS. Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment. 2019 May; 36(5):729-739. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1597281. [PMID: 30958109]
  • S A Handley, S L Belsey, L Couchman, R J Flanagan. Plasma and Urine Levamisole in Clinical Samples Containing Benzoylecgonine: Absence of Aminorex. Journal of analytical toxicology. 2019 May; 43(4):299-306. doi: 10.1093/jat/bky102. [PMID: 30590551]
  • Anna Junker, Christian Renn, Clemens Dobelmann, Vigneshwaran Namasivayam, Shanu Jain, Karolina Losenkova, Heikki Irjala, Sierra Duca, Ramachandran Balasubramanian, Saibal Chakraborty, Frederik Börgel, Herbert Zimmermann, Gennady G Yegutkin, Christa E Müller, Kenneth A Jacobson. Structure-Activity Relationship of Purine and Pyrimidine Nucleotides as Ecto-5'-Nucleotidase (CD73) Inhibitors. Journal of medicinal chemistry. 2019 04; 62(7):3677-3695. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00164. [PMID: 30895781]
  • Shivani Choudhary, Djordje S Marjianović, Colin R Wong, Xiaoyu Zhang, Melanie Abongwa, Joel R Coats, Saša M Trailović, Richard J Martin, Alan P Robertson. Menthol acts as a positive allosteric modulator on nematode levamisole sensitive nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. International journal for parasitology. Drugs and drug resistance. 2019 04; 9(?):44-53. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2018.12.005. [PMID: 30682641]
  • Anaïs Dartevel, Benjamin Chaigne, Laurence Moachon, Florian Grenier, Nicolas Dupin, Loïc Guillevin, Laurence Bouillet, Luc Mouthon. Levamisole-induced vasculopathy: A systematic review. Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism. 2019 04; 48(5):921-926. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2018.07.010. [PMID: 30166200]
  • Anne M Schijvens, Rasmus Ehren, Lutz T Weber, Michiel F Schreuder. The quest for optimal control of relapses in children with nephrotic syndrome. Kidney international. 2019 03; 95(3):717. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.01.002. [PMID: 30784663]
  • Marina Vivarelli, Francesco Emma. Levamisole for children with nephrotic syndrome: new evidence for the use of an 'old' drug. Kidney international. 2019 01; 95(1):25-28. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.10.008. [PMID: 30606425]
  • Aditi Sinha, Mamta Puraswani, Mani Kalaivani, Pragya Goyal, Pankaj Hari, Arvind Bagga. Efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil versus levamisole in frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome: an open-label randomized controlled trial. Kidney international. 2019 01; 95(1):210-218. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.08.039. [PMID: 30497684]
  • Annina Balsiger, Karin Federer, Felix Grimm, Peter Deplazes. TRANSMISSION OF PTERYGODERMATITES NYCTICEBI IN A COLONY OF GOELDI'S MONKEYS ( CALLIMICO GOELDII) AND EVALUATION OF TREATMENT AND CONTROL. Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians. 2018 12; 49(4):893-901. doi: 10.1638/2017-0177.1. [PMID: 30592931]
  • Fernanda Ramos, Camila Balconi Marques, Caroline Zamperete Reginato, Fernando de Souza Rodrigues, Luis Antônio Sangioni, Fernanda Silveira Flôres Vogel, Luciana Pötter. Economic viability of anthelmintic treatment in naturally infected beef cattle under different nutritional strategies after weaning. Parasitology research. 2018 Dec; 117(12):3993-4002. doi: 10.1007/s00436-018-6108-z. [PMID: 30302586]
  • H W Ploeger, R R Everts. Alarming levels of anthelmintic resistance against gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep in the Netherlands. Veterinary parasitology. 2018 Oct; 262(?):11-15. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.09.007. [PMID: 30389005]
  • Dileep Kumar, Ibrahim Batal, Belinda Jim, Barbara Mendez, Kisra Anis. Unusual case of levamisole-induced dual-positive ANCA vasculitis and crescentic glomerulonephritis. BMJ case reports. 2018 Sep; 2018(?):. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2018-225913. [PMID: 30232205]
  • Maurice Mahieu, Rémy Arquet, Carine Marie-Magdeleine. Effectiveness of several anthelmintics to control a Strongyloides sp. outbreak in Creole-de-Guadeloupe male kids aged 7 months. Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports. 2018 08; 13(?):224-227. doi: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2018.07.006. [PMID: 31014879]
  • Jeffrey D Pope, Olaf H Drummer, Hans G Schneider. The cocaine cutting agent levamisole is frequently detected in cocaine users. Pathology. 2018 Aug; 50(5):536-539. doi: 10.1016/j.pathol.2018.03.006. [PMID: 29937233]
  • Solís Marquínez Marta Nataya, Helguera Amezua Cristina, Trapiella Martínez Luis. An unusual case of distal necrosis. Looking for the truth. European journal of internal medicine. 2018 06; 52(?):e3-e4. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2017.08.014. [PMID: 28864158]
  • Doaa Mohammed Youssef, Amal Mohamed Abd Al-Atif, Soha Samir Hassan El-Khateeb, Amal Saeed Elshal. Evaluation of interleukin-18 in children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome before and after using levamisole. Saudi journal of kidney diseases and transplantation : an official publication of the Saudi Center for Organ Transplantation, Saudi Arabia. 2018 May; 29(3):591-597. doi: 10.4103/1319-2442.235173. [PMID: 29970735]
  • Alexandra Blanchard, Fabrice Guégnard, Claude L Charvet, Anna Crisford, Elise Courtot, Christine Sauvé, Abdallah Harmache, Thomas Duguet, Vincent O'Connor, Philippe Castagnone-Sereno, Barbara Reaves, Adrian J Wolstenholme, Robin N Beech, Lindy Holden-Dye, Cedric Neveu. Deciphering the molecular determinants of cholinergic anthelmintic sensitivity in nematodes: When novel functional validation approaches highlight major differences between the model Caenorhabditis elegans and parasitic species. PLoS pathogens. 2018 05; 14(5):e1006996. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006996. [PMID: 29719008]
  • Shigeto Hiratsuka, Masahiko Takahata, Tomohiro Shimizu, Hiroki Hamano, Masahiro Ota, Dai Sato, Norimasa Iwasaki. Drug therapy targeting pyrophosphate slows the ossification of spinal ligaments in twy mice. Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society. 2018 04; 36(4):1256-1261. doi: 10.1002/jor.23743. [PMID: 28940647]
  • M Mendel, M Chłopecka, N Dziekan, W Karlik. Interactions between erythromycin, flunixin meglumine, levamisole and plant secondary metabolites towards bovine gastrointestinal motility-in vitro study. Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics. 2018 Apr; 41(2):281-291. doi: 10.1111/jvp.12455. [PMID: 28913883]
  • Shin-Ichi Inaba, Maki Yamaguchi-Goto, Kaoru Tanaka-Takanaka, Kiyoaki Yonesu, Hidetaka Sakurai, Kazuishi Kubota, Takashi Izumi. Enzymatic kinetics regarding reversible metabolism of CS-0777, a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator, via phosphorylation and dephosphorylation in humans. Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems. 2018 Mar; 48(3):258-268. doi: 10.1080/00498254.2017.1306150. [PMID: 28287856]
  • Mariken P Gruppen, Antonia H Bouts, Marijke C Jansen-van der Weide, Maruschka P Merkus, Aleksandra Zurowska, Michal Maternik, Laura Massella, Francesco Emma, Patrick Niaudet, Elisabeth A M Cornelissen, Thierry Schurmans, Ann Raes, Johan van de Walle, Mieke van Dyck, Ashima Gulati, Arvind Bagga, Jean-Claude Davin. A randomized clinical trial indicates that levamisole increases the time to relapse in children with steroid-sensitive idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Kidney international. 2018 02; 93(2):510-518. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.08.011. [PMID: 29054532]
  • Markus J Kemper, Thomas J Neuhaus. Levamisole in relapsing steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome: where do we stand?. Kidney international. 2018 02; 93(2):310-313. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.09.024. [PMID: 29389398]
  • Muhammad Saqib Ali, Khalid Saeed, Imran Rashid, Muhammad Ijaz, Haroon Akbar, Muhammad Rashid, Kamran Ashraf. Anthelmintic Drugs: Their Efficacy and Cost-Effectiveness in Different Parity Cattle. The Journal of parasitology. 2018 02; 104(1):79-85. doi: 10.1645/17-4. [PMID: 28976239]
  • C Canton, L Ceballos, M P Domínguez, L Moreno, C Fiel, G Bernat, C Farías, C Lanusse, L Alvarez. Pharmaco-parasitological evaluation of the ricobendazole plus levamisole nematodicidal combination in cattle. Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics. 2018 Feb; 41(1):83-91. doi: 10.1111/jvp.12438. [PMID: 28695609]
  • Elżbieta Łopieńska-Biernat, Tomasz Molcan, Łukasz Paukszto, Jan Paweł Jastrzębski, Kamil Myszczyński. Modelling studies determing the mode of action of anthelmintics inhibiting in vitro trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP) of Anisakis simplex s.l. Experimental parasitology. 2018 Jan; 184(?):46-56. doi: 10.1016/j.exppara.2017.11.006. [PMID: 29170085]
  • Ayse Sagduyu Kocaman, Pinar Yalinay Dikmen, Ercan Karaarslan. Cocaine-induced multifocal leukoencephalopathy mimicking Balo's concentric sclerosis: A 2-year follow-up with serial imaging of a single patient. Multiple sclerosis and related disorders. 2018 Jan; 19(?):96-98. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.11.011. [PMID: 29182995]
  • Bashir A Lone, M Z Chishti, Fayaz Ahmad Bhat, Hidayatullah Tak, Suhaib A Bandh, Abida Khan. Evaluation of anthelmintic antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of Chenopodium album. Tropical animal health and production. 2017 Dec; 49(8):1597-1605. doi: 10.1007/s11250-017-1364-y. [PMID: 28735356]
  • A Couderc, E Bérard, V Guigonis, I Vrillon, J Hogan, V Audard, V Baudouin, C Dossier, O Boyer. [Treatments of steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome in children]. Archives de pediatrie : organe officiel de la Societe francaise de pediatrie. 2017 Dec; 24(12):1312-1320. doi: 10.1016/j.arcped.2017.09.002. [PMID: 29146214]
  • Asiri S Abeyagunawardena, Umeshi Karunadasa, Heshan Jayaweera, Shenal Thalgahagoda, Sampath Tennakoon, Shamali Abeyagunawardena. Efficacy of higher-dose levamisole in maintaining remission in steroid-dependant nephrotic syndrome. Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany). 2017 Aug; 32(8):1363-1367. doi: 10.1007/s00467-017-3616-5. [PMID: 28299461]
  • Cristina Hernández-Chirlaque, Reyes Gámez-Belmonte, Borja Ocón, Patricia Martínez-Moya, Stefan Wirtz, Fermín Sánchez de Medina, Olga Martínez-Augustin. Tissue Non-specific Alkaline Phosphatase Expression is Needed for the Full Stimulation of T Cells and T Cell-Dependent Colitis. Journal of Crohn's & colitis. 2017 Jul; 11(7):857-870. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw222. [PMID: 28039309]
  • Mashal Salehi, Michael P Morgan, Abigail Gabriel. Levamisole-Induced Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis with Negative Serology in a Cocaine User. The American journal of case reports. 2017 Jun; 18(?):641-643. doi: 10.12659/ajcr.903917. [PMID: 28592788]
  • Mousalreza Hosseini, Payman Shalchiantabrizi, Maliheh Dadgarmoghaddam, Saeideh Ahmady-Simab, Azizollah Behjati, Masoumeh Salari. The Effect of Oral Levamisole Co-administration on the Level of Immune Response to Hepatitis B Vaccine in Healthy Individuals: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology. 2017 Jun; 16(3):219-227. doi: . [PMID: 28732435]
  • Eduardo Pahor-Filho, Adriana Soliris Corredor Castillo, Nycolas Levy Pereira, Fabiana Pilarski, Elisabeth Criscuolo Urbinati. Levamisole enhances the innate immune response and prevents increased cortisol levels in stressed pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). Fish & shellfish immunology. 2017 Jun; 65(?):96-102. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.04.003. [PMID: 28400215]
  • T Toimela, O Huttala, E Sabell, M Mannerström, J R Sarkanen, T Ylikomi, T Heinonen. Intra-laboratory validated human cell-based in vitro vasculogenesis/angiogenesis test with serum-free medium. Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.). 2017 06; 70(?):116-125. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.11.015. [PMID: 27915012]
  • Denia M Piña-Vázquez, Zyanya Mayoral-Peña, Maricela Gómez-Sánchez, Luis A Salazar-Olivo, Fausto Arellano-Carbajal. Anthelmintic effect of Psidium guajava and Tagetes erecta on wild-type and Levamisole-resistant Caenorhabditis elegans strains. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2017 Apr; 202(?):92-96. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.03.004. [PMID: 28286043]
  • Jeffrey R Vitt, Ethan G Brown, Daniel S Chow, S Andrew Josephson. Confirmed case of levamisole-associated multifocal inflammatory leukoencephalopathy in a cocaine user. Journal of neuroimmunology. 2017 04; 305(?):128-130. doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.01.018. [PMID: 28284332]
  • T Yu Degtyarevskaya, T V Sakharova, S N Larina, N V Chebyshev. [(IMPACT OF LUNGWORM INFESTATION ON THE BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF ANIMALS DURING COMBINATION TREATMENT WITH ALBENDAZOLE AND T- AND B-ACTIVIN)]. Meditsinskaia parazitologiia i parazitarnye bolezni. 2017 Apr; ?(2):46-48. doi: . [PMID: 30721604]
  • Edwin K Jackson, Yumeng Zhang, Dongmei Cheng. Alkaline Phosphatase Inhibitors Attenuate Renovascular Responses to Norepinephrine. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979). 2017 03; 69(3):484-493. doi: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.08623. [PMID: 28137984]
  • Travis D Olives, Rebecca L Kornas, Russell Fujisawa, Jon B Cole. Unexpected Complication of Cocaine-Associated Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody Vasculitis Related to Persistent In-Hospital Cocaine Use. Journal of addiction medicine. 2017 Mar; 11(2):157-160. doi: 10.1097/adm.0000000000000290. [PMID: 28166084]
  • Carmelo Carmona-Rivera, Monica M Purmalek, Erica Moore, Meryl Waldman, Peter J Walter, H Martin Garraffo, Karran A Phillips, Kenzie L Preston, Jonathan Graf, Mariana J Kaplan, Peter C Grayson. A role for muscarinic receptors in neutrophil extracellular trap formation and levamisole-induced autoimmunity. JCI insight. 2017 02; 2(3):e89780. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.89780. [PMID: 28194438]
  • Tiffany Fan, Jeffrey Macaraeg, Toufik Mahfood Haddad, Holly Bacon, Duc Le, Mohsin Mirza, Carrie Valenta, Tammy Wichman. A Case Report on Suspected Levamisole-Induced Pseudovasculitis. WMJ : official publication of the State Medical Society of Wisconsin. 2017 02; 116(1):37-9. doi: NULL. [PMID: 29099568]
  • Dipen B Khanapara, Amruta Panwala, Bhavtosh Dedania, Edgar R Naut. Levamisole-Adulterated Cocaine-Induced Skin Lesions: A Case Report and Literature Review. Connecticut medicine. 2017 Feb; 81(2):95-98. doi: . [PMID: 29738153]
  • David Collister, Christie Sathianathan, Krista Ryz, Martin Karpinski, Keevin Bernstein, Ian W Gibson. ANCA Associated Vasculitis Secondary to Levamisole-Adultered Cocaine with Associated Membranous Nephropathy: A Case Series. American journal of nephrology. 2017; 45(3):209-216. doi: 10.1159/000456553. [PMID: 28132051]
  • M K Vijayasarathi, C Sreekumar, R Venkataramanan, M Raman. Influence of sustained deworming pressure on the anthelmintic resistance status in strongyles of sheep under field conditions. Tropical animal health and production. 2016 Oct; 48(7):1455-62. doi: 10.1007/s11250-016-1117-3. [PMID: 27509876]
  • T Westers, A Jones-Bitton, P Menzies, J Van Leeuwen, Z Poljak, A S Peregrine. Efficacy of closantel against ivermectin- and fenbendazole-resistant Haemonchus sp. in sheep in Ontario, Canada. Veterinary parasitology. 2016 Sep; 228(?):30-41. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.08.009. [PMID: 27692328]
  • Luis E Ferreira, Bruno I Benincasa, Ana L Fachin, Suzelei C França, Silvia S H T Contini, Ana C S Chagas, Rene O Beleboni. Thymus vulgaris L. essential oil and its main component thymol: Anthelmintic effects against Haemonchus contortus from sheep. Veterinary parasitology. 2016 Sep; 228(?):70-76. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.08.011. [PMID: 27692335]
  • Azadeh Ashtarinezhad, Ataollah Panahyab, Shahrzad Shaterzadeh-Oskouei, Hessam Khoshniat, Baharak Mohamadzadehasl, Farshad H Shirazi. Teratogenic study of phenobarbital and levamisole on mouse fetus liver tissue using biospectroscopy. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 2016 Sep; 128(?):174-183. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.05.015. [PMID: 27262993]
  • Essam Hassan Mohamed, Ahmed Abdel-Aziz Baiomy, Zein Shaban Ibrahim, Mohamed Mohamed Soliman. Modulatory effects of levamisole and garlic oil on the immune response of Wistar rats: Biochemical, immunohistochemical, molecular and immunological study. Molecular medicine reports. 2016 Sep; 14(3):2755-63. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5551. [PMID: 27484629]
  • D M Leathwick, C M Miller, C W Sauermann, P M Candy, S Ganesh, K Fraser, T S Waghorn. The efficacy and plasma profiles of abamectin plus levamisole combination anthelmintics administered as oral and pour-on formulations to cattle. Veterinary parasitology. 2016 Aug; 227(?):85-92. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.07.031. [PMID: 27523943]
  • Zachary Dezman, Barbara Rimi, Joshua McClain. Purpura and leukopenia in a cocaine user. Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.). 2016 Aug; 54(7):601-2. doi: 10.1080/15563650.2016.1179748. [PMID: 27174436]
  • Steven B Karch, Francesco Paolo Busardò, Fabio Vaiano, Francesca Portelli, Simona Zaami, Elisabetta Bertol. Levamisole adulterated cocaine and pulmonary vasculitis: Presentation of two lethal cases and brief literature review. Forensic science international. 2016 Aug; 265(?):96-102. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.01.015. [PMID: 26855022]
  • Tina V A Hansen, Christos Fryganas, Nathalie Acevedo, Luis Caraballo, Stig M Thamsborg, Irene Mueller-Harvey, Andrew R Williams. Proanthocyanidins inhibit Ascaris suum glutathione-S-transferase activity and increase susceptibility of larvae to levamisole in vitro. Parasitology international. 2016 Aug; 65(4):336-9. doi: 10.1016/j.parint.2016.04.001. [PMID: 27094225]
  • Irfan Moinuddin, Machaiah Madhrira, Erika Bracamonte, Bijin Thajudeen, Amy Sussman. Membranous nephropathy with crescents associated with levamisole-induced MPO-ANCA vasculitis. Pathology, research and practice. 2016 Jul; 212(7):650-3. doi: 10.1016/j.prp.2016.03.008. [PMID: 27067665]
  • F Morais-Costa, G A Bastos, A C M Soares, E G L Costa, V O Vasconcelos, N J F Oliveira, F C Braga, E R Duarte, W S Lima. In vitro and in vivo action of Piptadenia viridiflora (Kunth) Benth against Haemonchus contortus in sheep. Veterinary parasitology. 2016 Jun; 223(?):43-9. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.04.002. [PMID: 27198776]