4-Hydroxyretinoic acid (BioDeep_00000011346)
Secondary id: BioDeep_00001874715
human metabolite Endogenous blood metabolite
代谢物信息卡片
化学式: C20H28O3 (316.2038338)
中文名称:
谱图信息:
最多检出来源 Homo sapiens(blood) 0.12%
分子结构信息
SMILES: C1C(C)(C)C(/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C(=C/C(=O)O)/C)/C)=C(C)C(O)C1
InChI: InChI=1S/C20H28O3/c1-14(7-6-8-15(2)13-19(22)23)9-10-17-16(3)18(21)11-12-20(17,4)5/h6-10,13,18,21H,11-12H2,1-5H3,(H,22,23)/b8-6+,10-9+,14-7+,15-13+
描述信息
4-Hydroxyretinoic acid is an NADPH-dependent hydroxylation metabolite of retinoic acid in the microsomes, via the cytochrome P-450 system. Retinoic acid is an activated metabolite of retinol that supports the systemic functions of vitamin A in vivo. (PMID: 1538719, 1932598, 2851384) [HMDB]
4-Hydroxyretinoic acid is an NADPH-dependent hydroxylation metabolite of retinoic acid in the microsomes, via the cytochrome P-450 system. Retinoic acid is an activated metabolite of retinol that supports the systemic functions of vitamin A in vivo. (PMID: 1538719, 1932598, 2851384).
D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids
同义名列表
25 个代谢物同义名
(2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-3-hydroxy-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraenoic acid; (2E,4E,6E,8E)-9-(3-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid; (2E,4E,6E,8E)-9-(3-Hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl)-3,7-dimethyl-nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid; (2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-3-hydroxy-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraenoate; (2E,4E,6E,8E)-9-(3-Hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl)-3,7-dimethyl-nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoate; 4-Hydroxy-(7E,9E,11E,13E)-retinoic acid; 4-Hydroxyretinoic acid, (13-cis)-isomer; (7E,9E,11E,13E)-4-Hydroxyretinoic acid; rac-4-Hydroxy-all-trans-retinoic acid; 4-Hydroxy-(7E,9E,11E,13E)-retinoate; (7E,9E,11E,13E)-4-Hydroxyretinoate; 4-Hydroxy-all-trans-retinoic acid; rac-4-Hydroxy-all-trans-retinoate; all-trans-4-hydroxyretinoic acid; 4-Hydroxy-13-cis-retinoic acid; 4-Hydroxy-all-trans-retinoate; all-trans-4-Hydroxyretinoate; 4-Hydroxy-13-retinoic acid; 4-Hydroxy-13-cis-retinoate; 4-Hydroxy-retinoic acid; 4-Hydroxyretinoic acid; 4-Hydroxy-retinoate; 4-Hydroxyretinoate; 4-OH-Retinoic acid; 4-OH-Retinoate
数据库引用编号
17 个数据库交叉引用编号
- ChEBI: CHEBI:94464
- ChEBI: CHEBI:63795
- KEGG: C16677
- PubChem: 6438629
- PubChem: 125629
- HMDB: HMDB0006254
- Metlin: METLIN2281
- ChEMBL: CHEMBL1329343
- LipidMAPS: LMPR01090025
- foodb: FDB023862
- chemspider: 4943093
- CAS: 1346606-78-7
- CAS: 1346606-21-0
- CAS: 66592-72-1
- PMhub: MS000025321
- PubChem: 51091000
- NIKKAJI: J557.295I
分类词条
相关代谢途径
Reactome(10)
BioCyc(0)
PlantCyc(0)
代谢反应
137 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。
Reactome(127)
- Metabolism:
2MACA-CoA + CoA ⟶ Ac-CoA + PROP-CoA
- Biological oxidations:
H+ + Oxygen + TPNH + aflatoxin B1 ⟶ AFXBO + H2O + TPN
- Phase I - Functionalization of compounds:
H+ + Oxygen + TPNH + aflatoxin B1 ⟶ AFXBO + H2O + TPN
- Cytochrome P450 - arranged by substrate type:
H+ + Oxygen + TPNH + aflatoxin B1 ⟶ AFXBO + H2O + TPN
- Vitamins:
H+ + Oxygen + TPNH + atRA ⟶ 4OH-atRA + H2O + TPN
- Metabolism:
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-one-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ choloyl-CoA + propionyl CoA
- Biological oxidations:
11DCORT + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ CORT + H2O + TPN
- Phase I - Functionalization of compounds:
11DCORT + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ CORT + H2O + TPN
- Cytochrome P450 - arranged by substrate type:
11DCORT + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ CORT + H2O + TPN
- Vitamins:
CTL + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ CTLA + H2O + TPN
- Miscellaneous substrates:
H+ + Oxygen + TES + TPNH ⟶ 6BHT + H2O + TPN
- Metabolism:
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-one-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ choloyl-CoA + propionyl CoA
- Biological oxidations:
H+ + Oxygen + TPNH + aflatoxin B1 ⟶ AFXBO + H2O + TPN
- Phase I - Functionalization of compounds:
CH3CHO + H2O + NAD ⟶ CH3COO- + H+ + NADH
- Cytochrome P450 - arranged by substrate type:
ANDST + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ H2O + HCOOH + TPN + estrone
- Miscellaneous substrates:
H+ + Oxygen + TPNH + atRA ⟶ 4OH-atRA + H2O + TPN
- Metabolism:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA
- Biological oxidations:
11DCORT + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ CORT + H2O + TPN
- Phase I - Functionalization of compounds:
11DCORT + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ CORT + H2O + TPN
- Cytochrome P450 - arranged by substrate type:
11DCORT + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ CORT + H2O + TPN
- Vitamins:
CTL + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ CTLA + H2O + TPN
- Miscellaneous substrates:
H+ + Oxygen + TES + TPNH ⟶ 6BHT + H2O + TPN
- Metabolism:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA
- Biological oxidations:
11DCORT + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ CORT + H2O + TPN
- Phase I - Functionalization of compounds:
11DCORT + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ CORT + H2O + TPN
- Cytochrome P450 - arranged by substrate type:
11DCORT + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ CORT + H2O + TPN
- Vitamins:
CTL + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ CTLA + H2O + TPN
- Miscellaneous substrates:
H+ + Oxygen + TES + TPNH ⟶ 6BHT + H2O + TPN
- Metabolism:
ATP + PROP-CoA + carbon dioxide ⟶ ADP + MEMA-CoA + Pi
- Biological oxidations:
H+ + Oxygen + TPNH + aflatoxin B1 ⟶ AFXBO + H2O + TPN
- Phase I - Functionalization of compounds:
CH3CHO + H2O + NAD ⟶ CH3COO- + H+ + NADH
- Cytochrome P450 - arranged by substrate type:
EtOH + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ CH3CHO + H2O + TPN
- Miscellaneous substrates:
H+ + Oxygen + TPNH + atRA ⟶ 4OH-atRA + H2O + TPN
- Metabolism:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA
- Biological oxidations:
CH3CHO + H2O + NAD ⟶ CH3COO- + H+ + NADH
- Phase I - Functionalization of compounds:
CH3CHO + H2O + NAD ⟶ CH3COO- + H+ + NADH
- Cytochrome P450 - arranged by substrate type:
ANDST + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ H2O + HCOOH + TPN + estrone
- Miscellaneous substrates:
ARA + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ 19HETE + H2O + TPN
- Metabolism:
2MACA-CoA + CoA ⟶ Ac-CoA + PROP-CoA
- Biological oxidations:
H+ + Oxygen + TPNH + progesterone ⟶ 11DCORST + H2O + TPN
- Phase I - Functionalization of compounds:
H+ + Oxygen + TPNH + progesterone ⟶ 11DCORST + H2O + TPN
- Cytochrome P450 - arranged by substrate type:
H+ + Oxygen + TPNH + progesterone ⟶ 11DCORST + H2O + TPN
- Vitamins:
H+ + Oxygen + TPNH + atRA ⟶ 4OH-atRA + H2O + TPN
- Miscellaneous substrates:
H+ + Oxygen + TES + TPNH ⟶ 6BHT + H2O + TPN
- Metabolism:
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-one-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ choloyl-CoA + propionyl CoA
- Biological oxidations:
11DCORT + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ CORT + H2O + TPN
- Phase I - Functionalization of compounds:
11DCORT + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ CORT + H2O + TPN
- Cytochrome P450 - arranged by substrate type:
11DCORT + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ CORT + H2O + TPN
- Vitamins:
CTL + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ CTLA + H2O + TPN
- Miscellaneous substrates:
H+ + Oxygen + TES + TPNH ⟶ 6BHT + H2O + TPN
- Metabolism:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA
- Biological oxidations:
11DCORT + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ CORT + H2O + TPN
- Phase I - Functionalization of compounds:
11DCORT + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ CORT + H2O + TPN
- Cytochrome P450 - arranged by substrate type:
11DCORT + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ CORT + H2O + TPN
- Vitamins:
CTL + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ CTLA + H2O + TPN
- Miscellaneous substrates:
H+ + Oxygen + TES + TPNH ⟶ 6BHT + H2O + TPN
- Metabolism:
2MACA-CoA + CoA ⟶ Ac-CoA + PROP-CoA
- Biological oxidations:
H+ + Oxygen + TPNH + aflatoxin B1 ⟶ AFXBO + H2O + TPN
- Phase I - Functionalization of compounds:
H+ + Oxygen + TPNH + aflatoxin B1 ⟶ AFXBO + H2O + TPN
- Cytochrome P450 - arranged by substrate type:
H+ + Oxygen + TPNH + aflatoxin B1 ⟶ AFXBO + H2O + TPN
- Vitamins:
H+ + Oxygen + TPNH + atRA ⟶ 4OH-atRA + H2O + TPN
- Metabolism:
2MACA-CoA + CoA ⟶ Ac-CoA + PROP-CoA
- Biological oxidations:
11DCORT + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ CORT + H2O + TPN
- Phase I - Functionalization of compounds:
11DCORT + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ CORT + H2O + TPN
- Cytochrome P450 - arranged by substrate type:
11DCORT + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ CORT + H2O + TPN
- Vitamins:
CTL + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ CTLA + H2O + TPN
- Miscellaneous substrates:
H+ + Oxygen + TES + TPNH ⟶ 6BHT + H2O + TPN
- Vitamins:
H+ + Oxygen + TPNH + atRA ⟶ 4OH-atRA + H2O + TPN
- Vitamins:
H+ + Oxygen + TPNH + atRA ⟶ 4OH-atRA + H2O + TPN
- Metabolism:
ATP + PROP-CoA + carbon dioxide ⟶ ADP + MEMA-CoA + Pi
- Biological oxidations:
11DCORT + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ CORT + H2O + TPN
- Phase I - Functionalization of compounds:
11DCORT + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ CORT + H2O + TPN
- Cytochrome P450 - arranged by substrate type:
11DCORT + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ CORT + H2O + TPN
- Vitamins:
CTL + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ CTLA + H2O + TPN
- Miscellaneous substrates:
H+ + Oxygen + TPNH + atRA ⟶ 4OH-atRA + H2O + TPN
- Metabolism:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA
- Biological oxidations:
H+ + Oxygen + TPNH + aflatoxin B1 ⟶ AFXBO + H2O + TPN
- Phase I - Functionalization of compounds:
H+ + Oxygen + TPNH + aflatoxin B1 ⟶ AFXBO + H2O + TPN
- Cytochrome P450 - arranged by substrate type:
H+ + Oxygen + TPNH + aflatoxin B1 ⟶ AFXBO + H2O + TPN
- Vitamins:
9cRA + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ 4OH-9cRA + H2O + TPN
- Miscellaneous substrates:
H+ + Oxygen + TES + TPNH ⟶ 6BHT + H2O + TPN
- Metabolism:
1-3-oxo-THA-CoA + CoA-SH ⟶ DHA-CoA + propionyl CoA
- Biological oxidations:
11DCORT + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ CORT + H2O + TPN
- Phase I - Functionalization of compounds:
11DCORT + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ CORT + H2O + TPN
- Cytochrome P450 - arranged by substrate type:
11DCORT + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ CORT + H2O + TPN
- Vitamins:
CTL + H+ + Oxygen + TPNH ⟶ CTLA + H2O + TPN
- Miscellaneous substrates:
H+ + Oxygen + TES + TPNH ⟶ 6BHT + H2O + TPN
- Signaling Pathways:
ADORA2A,B + Ade-Rib ⟶ ADORA2A,B:Ade-Rib
- Signaling by Nuclear Receptors:
CAR + PALM-CoA ⟶ CoA-SH + L-PCARN
- Signaling by Retinoic Acid:
CAR + PALM-CoA ⟶ CoA-SH + L-PCARN
- RA biosynthesis pathway:
H+ + TPNH + atRAL ⟶ TPN + atROL
- Signaling Pathways:
AcK685- p-Y705,S727-STAT3 dimer + H2O ⟶ CH3COO- + p-Y705,S727-STAT3 dimer
- Signaling by Nuclear Receptors:
E2QW22 + E2RPT1 + ESR1:ER:PGR:P4 + F6UTY3 + J9P0C0 ⟶ ESR1:ESTG:PGR:P4:FOXA1:GATA3:TLE3:NRIP:EP300
- Signaling by Retinoic Acid:
CAR + PALM-CoA ⟶ CoA-SH + L-PCARN
- RA biosynthesis pathway:
H+ + TPNH + atRAL ⟶ TPN + atROL
- Signaling Pathways:
AcK685- p-Y705,S727-STAT3 dimer + H2O ⟶ CH3COO- + p-Y705,S727-STAT3 dimer
- Signaling by Nuclear Receptors:
ESR1 dimer:ESTG + HSP90:ATP:PTGES3:FKBP52:PGR:P4 ⟶ ADP + ESR1:ER:PGR:P4 + F8W2D1 + HSP90:HSP90 + Pi + Q7SZQ8
- Signaling by Retinoic Acid:
CAR + PALM-CoA ⟶ CoA-SH + L-PCARN
- RA biosynthesis pathway:
E9QD41 + atRA ⟶ SUMO-CRABP1:atRA
- Signaling Pathways:
AcK685- p-Y705,S727-STAT3 dimer + H2O ⟶ CH3COO- + p-Y705,S727-STAT3 dimer
- Signaling by Nuclear Receptors:
CAR + PALM-CoA ⟶ CoA-SH + L-PCARN
- Signaling by Retinoic Acid:
CAR + PALM-CoA ⟶ CoA-SH + L-PCARN
- RA biosynthesis pathway:
CRABP1 + atRA ⟶ SUMO-CRABP1:atRA
- Signaling Pathways:
AcK685- p-Y705,S727-STAT3 dimer + H2O ⟶ CH3COO- + p-Y705,S727-STAT3 dimer
- Signaling by Nuclear Receptors:
ESR1 dimer:ESTG + HSP90:ATP:PTGES3:FKBP52:PGR:P4 ⟶ ADP + ESR1:ER:PGR:P4 + HSP90:HSP90 + Immunophilin FKBP52 + Pi + cPGES
- Signaling by Retinoic Acid:
CAR + PALM-CoA ⟶ CoA-SH + L-PCARN
- RA biosynthesis pathway:
H+ + TPNH + atRAL ⟶ TPN + atROL
- Signaling Pathways:
AcK685- p-Y705,S727-STAT3 dimer + H2O ⟶ CH3COO- + p-Y705,S727-STAT3 dimer
- Signaling by Nuclear Receptors:
ESR1 dimer:ESTG + HSP90:ATP:PTGES3:FKBP52:PGR:P4 ⟶ ADP + ESR1:ER:PGR:P4 + Fkbp4 + HSP90:HSP90 + Pi + Q9R0Q7
- Signaling by Retinoic Acid:
CAR + PALM-CoA ⟶ CoA-SH + L-PCARN
- RA biosynthesis pathway:
H+ + TPNH + atRAL ⟶ TPN + atROL
- Signaling Pathways:
AcK685- p-Y705,S727-STAT3 dimer + H2O ⟶ CH3COO- + p-Y705,S727-STAT3 dimer
- Signaling by Nuclear Receptors:
ESR1 dimer:ESTG + HSP90:ATP:PTGES3:FKBP52:PGR:P4 ⟶ ADP + ESR1:ER:PGR:P4 + HSP90:HSP90 + Pi + Ptges3 + Q9QVC8
- Signaling by Retinoic Acid:
CAR + PALM-CoA ⟶ CoA-SH + L-PCARN
- RA biosynthesis pathway:
H+ + TPNH + atRAL ⟶ TPN + atROL
- Signaling Pathways:
AcK685- p-Y705,S727-STAT3 dimer + H2O ⟶ CH3COO- + p-Y705,S727-STAT3 dimer
- Signaling by Nuclear Receptors:
CAR + PALM-CoA ⟶ CoA-SH + L-PCARN
- Signaling by Retinoic Acid:
CAR + PALM-CoA ⟶ CoA-SH + L-PCARN
- RA biosynthesis pathway:
H+ + TPNH + atRAL ⟶ TPN + atROL
- Signaling Pathways:
AMP + p-AMPK heterotrimer ⟶ p-AMPK heterotrimer:AMP
- Signaling by Nuclear Receptors:
ESR1:ESTG + HSP90:ATP:PTGES3:FKBP52:PGR:P4 ⟶ ADP + ESR1:ER:PGR:P4 + H0ZSE5 + H0ZZA2 + HSP90-beta dimer + Pi
- Signaling by Retinoic Acid:
CAR + PALM-CoA ⟶ CoA-SH + L-PCARN
- RA biosynthesis pathway:
H+ + TPNH + atRAL ⟶ TPN + atROL
- Signaling Pathways:
AcK685- p-Y705,S727-STAT3 dimer + H2O ⟶ CH3COO- + p-Y705,S727-STAT3 dimer
- Signaling by Nuclear Receptors:
ESR1 dimer:ESTG + HSP90:ATP:PTGES3:FKBP52:PGR:P4 ⟶ A0A310SUH5 + ADP + ESR1:ER:PGR:P4 + HSP90:HSP90 + Pi + Q5U4Z0
- Signaling by Retinoic Acid:
CAR + PALM-CoA ⟶ CoA-SH + L-PCARN
- RA biosynthesis pathway:
H+ + TPNH + atRAL ⟶ TPN + atROL
BioCyc(0)
Plant Reactome(0)
INOH(0)
PlantCyc(0)
COVID-19 Disease Map(0)
PathBank(9)
- Retinol Metabolism:
11-cis-Retinaldehyde + NADP ⟶ NADPH + Retinal
- Vitamin A Deficiency:
11-cis-Retinaldehyde + NADP ⟶ NADPH + Retinal
- Retinol Metabolism:
NAD + Vitamin A + Water ⟶ NADH + all-trans-Retinoic acid
- Vitamin A Deficiency:
NAD + Vitamin A + Water ⟶ NADH + all-trans-Retinoic acid
- Retinol Metabolism:
NAD + Vitamin A + Water ⟶ NADH + all-trans-Retinoic acid
- Retinol Metabolism:
NAD + Vitamin A + Water ⟶ NADH + all-trans-Retinoic acid
- Retinol Metabolism:
NAD + Vitamin A + Water ⟶ NADH + all-trans-Retinoic acid
- Retinol Metabolism:
NAD + Vitamin A + Water ⟶ NADH + all-trans-Retinoic acid
- Vitamin A Deficiency:
NAD + Vitamin A + Water ⟶ NADH + all-trans-Retinoic acid
PharmGKB(0)
2 个相关的物种来源信息
- 9606 - Homo sapiens: -
- 9606 - Homo sapiens: 10.1007/S11306-016-1051-4
在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有:
- PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息,我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表,这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序,取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
- NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘,得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序,取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
- Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
- Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中,存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。
点击图上的相关代谢物的名称,可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。
文献列表
- James V Chithalen, Luong Luu, Martin Petkovich, Glenville Jones. HPLC-MS/MS analysis of the products generated from all-trans-retinoic acid using recombinant human CYP26A.
Journal of lipid research.
2002 Jul; 43(7):1133-42. doi:
10.1194/jlr.m100343-jlr200
. [PMID: 12091498] - M Ahmad, M Ahmadi, P J Nicholls, H J Smith. In-vitro metabolism of retinoic acid by different tissues from male rats.
The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology.
2000 May; 52(5):511-5. doi:
10.1211/0022357001774291
. [PMID: 10864138] - V M Samokyszyn, W E Gall, G Zawada, M A Freyaldenhoven, G Chen, P I Mackenzie, T R Tephly, A Radominska-Pandya. 4-hydroxyretinoic acid, a novel substrate for human liver microsomal UDP-glucuronosyltransferase(s) and recombinant UGT2B7.
The Journal of biological chemistry.
2000 Mar; 275(10):6908-14. doi:
10.1074/jbc.275.10.6908
. [PMID: 10702251] - P A Spear, H Garcin, J F Narbonne. Increased retinoic acid metabolism following 3,3',4,4',5,5'-hexabromobiphenyl injection.
Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology.
1988 Sep; 66(9):1181-6. doi:
10.1139/y88-194
. [PMID: 2851384]