Exact Mass: 146.0946988
Exact Mass Matches: 146.0946988
Found 500 metabolites which its exact mass value is equals to given mass value 146.0946988,
within given mass tolerance error 0.05 dalton. Try search metabolite list with more accurate mass tolerance error
0.01 dalton.
L-Glutamine
Glutamine (Gln), also known as L-glutamine is an alpha-amino acid. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon). Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amino (–NH2) and carboxyl (–COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid. Structurally, glutamine is similar to the amino acid glutamic acid. However, instead of having a terminal carboxylic acid, it has an amide. Glutamine is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e., the amino acids used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Glutamine is found in all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals. It is classified as an aliphatic, polar amino acid. In humans glutamine is considered a non-essential amino acid. Enzymatically, glutamine is formed by replacing a side-chain hydroxyl of glutamic acid with an amine functional group. More specifically, glutamine is synthesized by the enzyme glutamine synthetase from glutamate and ammonia. The most relevant glutamine-producing tissue are skeletal muscles, accounting for about 90\\\\\\% of all glutamine synthesized. Glutamine is also released, in small amounts, by the lungs and brain. In human blood, glutamine is the most abundant free amino acid. Dietary sources of glutamine include protein-rich foods such as beef, chicken, fish, dairy products, eggs, beans, beets, cabbage, spinach, carrots, parsley, vegetable juices, wheat, papaya, Brussels sprouts, celery and kale. Glutamine is one of the few amino acids that can directly cross the blood–brain barrier. Glutamine is often used as a supplement in weightlifting, bodybuilding, endurance and other sports, as well as by those who suffer from muscular cramps or pain, particularly elderly people. In 2017, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved L-glutamine oral powder, marketed as Endari, to reduce severe complications of sickle cell disease in people aged five years and older with the disorder. Subjects who were treated with L-glutamine oral powder experienced fewer hospital visits for pain treated with a parenterally administered narcotic or ketorolac. The main use of glutamine within the diet of either group is as a means of replenishing the bodys stores of amino acids that have been used during exercise or everyday activities. Studies which have looked into problems with excessive consumption of glutamine thus far have proved inconclusive. However, normal supplementation is healthy mainly because glutamine is supposed to be supplemented after prolonged periods of exercise (for example, a workout or exercise in which amino acids are required for use) and replenishes amino acid stores. This is one of the main reasons glutamine is recommended during fasting or for people who suffer from physical trauma, immune deficiencies, or cancer. There is a significant body of evidence that links glutamine-enriched diets with positive intestinal effects. These include maintenance of gut barrier function, aiding intestinal cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as generally reducing septic morbidity and the symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). The reason for such "cleansing" properties is thought to stem from the fact that the intestinal extraction rate of glutamine is higher than that for other amino acids, and is therefore thought to be the most viable option when attempting to alleviate conditions relating to the gastrointestinal tract. These conditions were discovered after comparing plasma concentration within the gut between glutamine-enriched and non glutamine-enriched diets. However, even though glutamine is thought to have "cleansing" properties and effects, it is unknown to what extent glutamine has clinical benefits, due to the varied concentrations of glutamine in varieties of food. It is also known that glutamine has positive effects in reducing healing time after operations. Hospital waiting times after abdominal s... L-glutamine, also known as L-2-aminoglutaramic acid or levoglutamide, is a member of the class of compounds known as L-alpha-amino acids. L-alpha-amino acids are alpha amino acids which have the L-configuration of the alpha-carbon atom. L-glutamine is soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). L-glutamine can be found in a number of food items such as acorn, yautia, ohelo berry, and oregon yampah, which makes L-glutamine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. L-glutamine can be found primarily in most biofluids, including blood, sweat, breast milk, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), as well as throughout most human tissues. L-glutamine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, L-glutamine is involved in several metabolic pathways, some of which include amino sugar metabolism, the oncogenic action of 2-hydroxyglutarate, mercaptopurine metabolism pathway, and transcription/Translation. L-glutamine is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include the oncogenic action of d-2-hydroxyglutarate in hydroxygluaricaciduria, tay-sachs disease, xanthinuria type I, and adenosine deaminase deficiency. Moreover, L-glutamine is found to be associated with carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase Deficiency, epilepsy, schizophrenia, and alzheimers disease. L-glutamine is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. L-glutamine is a drug which is used for nutritional supplementation, also for treating dietary shortage or imbalance. L-Glutamine (L-Glutamic acid 5-amide) is a non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and involved in many metabolic processes. L-Glutamine provides a source of carbons for oxidation in some cells[1][2]. L-Glutamine (L-Glutamic acid 5-amide) is a non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and involved in many metabolic processes. L-Glutamine provides a source of carbons for oxidation in some cells[1][2]. L-Glutamine (L-Glutamic acid 5-amide) is a non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and involved in many metabolic processes. L-Glutamine provides a source of carbons for oxidation in some cells[1][2].
L-Lysine
Lysine (Lys), also known as L-lysine is an alpha-amino acid. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon). Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amino (–NH2) and carboxyl (–COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid. Lysine is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e., the amino acids used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Lysine is found in all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals. It is classified as an aliphatic, positively charged or basic amino acid. In humans, lysine is an essential amino acid, meaning the body cannot synthesize it, and it must be obtained from the diet. Lysine is high in foods such as wheat germ, cottage cheese and chicken. Of meat products, wild game and pork have the highest concentration of lysine. Fruits and vegetables contain little lysine, except avocados. Normal requirements for lysine have been found to be about 8 g per day or 12 mg/kg in adults. Children and infants need more, 44 mg/kg per day for an eleven to-twelve-year old, and 97 mg/kg per day for three-to six-month old. In organisms that synthesise lysine, it has two main biosynthetic pathways, the diaminopimelate and α-aminoadipate pathways, which employ distinct enzymes and substrates and are found in diverse organisms. Lysine catabolism occurs through one of several pathways, the most common of which is the saccharopine pathway. Lysine plays several roles in humans, most importantly proteinogenesis, but also in the crosslinking of collagen polypeptides, uptake of essential mineral nutrients, and in the production of carnitine, which is key in fatty acid metabolism. Lysine is also often involved in histone modifications, and thus, impacts the epigenome. Lysine is highly concentrated in muscle compared to most other amino acids. Normal lysine metabolism is dependent upon many nutrients including niacin, vitamin B6, riboflavin, vitamin C, glutamic acid and iron. Excess arginine antagonizes lysine. Several inborn errors of lysine metabolism are known, such as cystinuria, hyperdibasic aminoaciduria I, lysinuric protein intolerance, propionic acidemia, and tyrosinemia I. Most are marked by mental retardation with occasional diverse symptoms such as absence of secondary sex characteristics, undescended testes, abnormal facial structure, anemia, obesity, enlarged liver and spleen, and eye muscle imbalance. Lysine also may be a useful adjunct in the treatment of osteoporosis. Although high protein diets result in loss of large amounts of calcium in urine, so does lysine deficiency. Lysine may be an adjunct therapy because it reduces calcium losses in urine. Lysine deficiency also may result in immunodeficiency. Requirements for lysine are probably increased by stress. Lysine toxicity has not occurred with oral doses in humans. Lysine dosages are presently too small and may fail to reach the concentrations necessary to prove potential therapeutic applications. Lysine metabolites, amino caproic acid and carnitine have already shown their therapeutic potential. Thirty grams daily of amino caproic acid has been used as an initial daily dose in treating blood clotting disorders, indicating that the proper doses of lysine, its precursor, have yet to be used in medicine. Low lysine levels have been found in patients with Parkinsons, hypothyroidism, kidney disease, asthma and depression. The exact significance of these levels is unclear, yet lysine therapy can normalize the level and has been associated with improvement of some patients with these conditions. Abnormally elevated hydroxylysines have been found in virtually all chronic degenerative diseases and those treated with coumadin therapy. The levels of this stress marker may be improved by high doses of vitamin C. Lysine is particularly useful in therapy for marasmus (wasting) (http://www.dcnutrition.com). Lysine has also been sh... [Spectral] L-Lysine (exact mass = 146.10553) and Carnosine (exact mass = 226.10659) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. Dietary supplement, nutrient. Found widely in protein hydrolysates, e.g. casein, egg albumen, fibrin, gelatin, beet molasses. Flavouring agent for a variety of foods L-Lysine. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=56-87-1 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 56-87-1). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). L-lysine is an essential amino acid[1][2] with important roles in connective tissues and carnitine synthesis, energy production, growth in children, and maintenance of immune functions[2]. L-lysine is an essential amino acid[1][2] with important roles in connective tissues and carnitine synthesis, energy production, growth in children, and maintenance of immune functions[2].
Dimethylbenzimidazole
Dimethylbenzimidazole is an intermediate in Riboflavin metabolism. Dimethylbenzimidazole is the second to last step for the synthesis of alpha-Ribazole. It is converted from Riboflavin then it is converted to N1-(5-Phospho-alpha-D-ribosyl)-5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole via the enzyme nicotinate-nucleotide--dimethylbenzimidazole phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.21). Dimethylbenzimidazole is an intermediate in Riboflavin metabolism. KEIO_ID D087 5,6-Dimethyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole is an endogenous metabolite.
Acetylcholine
Acetylcholine (ACh) is a neurotransmitter. Acetylcholine in vertebrates is the major transmitter at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system. Its physiological and pharmacological effects, metabolism, release, and receptors have been well documented in several species. ACh has been considered an important excitatory neurotransmitter in the carotid body (CB). Various nicotinic and muscarinic ACh receptors are present in both afferent nerve endings and glomus cells. Therefore, ACh can depolarize or hyperpolarize the cell membrane depending on the available receptor type in the vicinity. Binding of ACh to its receptor can create a wide variety of cellular responses including opening cation channels (nicotinic ACh receptor activation), releasing Ca2+ from intracellular storage sites (via muscarinic ACh receptors), and modulating activities of K+ and Ca2+ channels. Interactions between ACh and other neurotransmitters (dopamine, adenosine, nitric oxide) have been known, and they may induce complicated responses. Cholinergic biology in the CB differs among species and even within the same species due to different genetic composition. Development and environment influence cholinergic biology. Pharmacological data clearly indicate that both muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors have a role in the encoding of new memories. Localized lesions and antagonist infusions demonstrate the anatomical locus of these cholinergic effects, and computational modeling links the function of cholinergic modulation to specific cellular effects within these regions. Acetylcholine has been shown to increase the strength of afferent input relative to feedback, to contribute to theta rhythm oscillations, activate intrinsic mechanisms for persistent spiking, and increase the modification of synapses. These effects might enhance different types of encoding in different cortical structures. In particular, the effects in entorhinal and perirhinal cortex and hippocampus might be important for encoding new episodic memories. The role of ACh in attention has been repeatedly demonstrated in several tasks. Acetylcholine is linked to response accuracy in voluntary and reflexive attention and also to response speed in reflexive attention. It is well known that those with Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders tend to be inaccurate and slow to respond. (PMID:17284361, 17011181, 15556286). Acetylcholine has been found to be a microbial product, urinary acetylcholine is produced by Lactobacillus (PMID:24621061). S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01E - Antiglaucoma preparations and miotics > S01EB - Parasympathomimetics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018679 - Cholinergic Agonists Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C47796 - Cholinergic Agonist D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents IPB_RECORD: 232; CONFIDENCE confident structure COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus KEIO_ID A060 Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
Myosmine
Myosmine is a member of the class of pyridines that is pyridine substituted by a 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-5-yl group at position 3. It is an alkaloid found in tobacco plants and exhibits genotoxic effects. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor and a mutagen. It is a pyrroline and a pyridine alkaloid. Myosmine is a natural product found in Euglena gracilis, Nicotiana tabacum, and Duboisia hopwoodii with data available. A member of the class of pyridines that is pyridine substituted by a 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-5-yl group at position 3. It is an alkaloid found in tobacco plants and exhibits genotoxic effects. Present in hazelnuts and peanuts. Myosmine is found in papaya and nuts. Myosmine is found in nuts. Myosmine is present in hazelnuts and peanut KEIO_ID M172 Myosmine, a specific tobacco alkaloid in nuts and nut products, has low affinity for a4b2 nicotinic acetylcholinergic receptors (nAChR) with a Ki of 3300 nM[1][2]. Myosmine, a specific tobacco alkaloid in nuts and nut products, has low affinity for a4b2 nicotinic acetylcholinergic receptors (nAChR) with a Ki of 3300 nM[1][2].
(3S)-3,6-Diaminohexanoate
(3S)-3,6-Diaminohexanoate is found in the lysine degradation pathway. (3S)-3,6-Diaminohexanoate is created from L-lysine through the action of lysine 2,3-aminomutase [EC:5.4.3.2]. (3S)-3,6-Diaminohexanoate is then reversibly converted to (3S,5S)-3,5-Diaminohexanoate by beta-lysine 5,6-aminomutase [EC:5.4.3.3]. (3S)-3,6-Diaminohexanoate is found in the lysine degradation pathway.
(3S,5S)-3,5-Diaminohexanoate
3,5-diaminohexanoic acid,which requires a cobamide coenzyme for formation. , is readily fermented to volatile acids by extracts of Clostridium SB4. (3S,5S)-3,5-Diaminohexanoate is involved in the lysine degradation pathway. (3S,5S)-3,5-Diaminohexanoate is produced from (3S)-3,6-Diaminohexanoate through the action of beta-lysine 5,6-aminomutase [EC:5.4.3.3]. (3S,5S)-3,5-Diaminohexanoate is then converted into(S)-5-Amino-3-oxohexanoic acid. 3,5-diaminohexanoic acid,which requires a cobamide coenzyme for formation
3-ureido-isobutyrate
Ureidoisobutyric acid, also known as 3-ureidoisobutyrate or beta-uba, is a member of the class of compounds known as ureas. Ureas are compounds containing two amine groups joined by a carbonyl (C=O) functional group. Ureidoisobutyric acid is soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Ureidoisobutyric acid can be found in a number of food items such as pili nut, breakfast cereal, bitter gourd, and scarlet bean, which makes ureidoisobutyric acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Ureidoisobutyric acid can be found primarily in blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and urine. Ureidoisobutyric acid exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, ureidoisobutyric acid is involved in the pyrimidine metabolism. Ureidoisobutyric acid is also involved in few metabolic disorders, which include beta ureidopropionase deficiency, dihydropyrimidinase deficiency, MNGIE (mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy), and UMP synthase deficiency (orotic aciduria). Moreover, ureidoisobutyric acid is found to be associated with beta-ureidopropionase deficiency.
Indole-3-methanamine
Indole-3-methanamine, also known as 3-aminomethylindole or 3-indolylmethylamine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 3-alkylindoles. 3-Alkylindoles are compounds containing an indole moiety that carries an alkyl chain at the 3-position. An aralkylamino compound that is indole substituted at position 3 by an aminomethyl group. Indole-3-methanamine is a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa). Outside of the human body, indole-3-methanamine has been detected, but not quantified in, barley, cereals, and cereal products. This could make indole-3-methanamine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Detected in Hordeum vulgare (barley). 1H-Indole-3-methanamine is found in barley and cereals and cereal products. Indole-3-methanamine is a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods such as barley, cereals, and cereal product[1].
D-Lysine
D-Lysine, also known as D-lysin or DLY, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as d-alpha-amino acids. These are alpha amino acids which have the D-configuration of the alpha-carbon atom. D-Lysine exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. D-Lysine is a potentially toxic compound. The D-enantiomer of the alpha-amino acid lysine. An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed. [HMDB]
D-Glutamine
D-Glutamine, also known as DGN or D glutamine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as d-alpha-amino acids. These are alpha amino acids which have the D-configuration of the alpha-carbon atom. Supplementation does not appear to be useful in adults or children with Crohns disease or inflammatory bowel disease, but clinical studies as of 2016 were underpowered. D-Glutamine is a drug. D-Glutamine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. D-Glutamine is a potentially toxic compound. Adverse effects of glutamine have been described for people receiving home parenteral nutrition and those with liver-function abnormalities. Glutamine is the most abundant naturally occurring, nonessential amino acid in the human body, and one of the few amino acids that can directly cross the blood-brain barrier. Glutamine can exist in either of two enantiomeric forms, L-glutamine and D-glutamine. A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from glutamic acid and ammonia. It is the principal carrier of nitrogen in the body and is an important energy source for many cells. [HMDB] KEIO_ID G006 D-Glutamine is a cell-permeable D type stereoisomer of Glutamine. D-Glutamine is a cell-permeable D type stereoisomer of Glutamine.
Lysine
A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6. B - Blood and blood forming organs > B05 - Blood substitutes and perfusion solutions > B05X - I.v. solution additives > B05XB - Amino acids L-lysine is an essential amino acid[1][2] with important roles in connective tissues and carnitine synthesis, energy production, growth in children, and maintenance of immune functions[2]. L-lysine is an essential amino acid[1][2] with important roles in connective tissues and carnitine synthesis, energy production, growth in children, and maintenance of immune functions[2].
methyl 2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoate
Methyl 2-hydroxy-4-methylvalerate is one of dominant volatile compounds in Zhenjiang aromatic vinegar. Methyl 2-hydroxy-4-methylvalerate is used for charting flavour biosynthesis networks of vinegar microbiota[1].
Benzylideneacetone
Benzylideneacetone is a flavouring ingredient. Benzylideneacetone is present in hydrolysed soy protei Flavouring ingredient. Present in hydrolysed soy protein Benzylideneacetone is an endogenous metabolite. Benzylideneacetone is an endogenous metabolite. trans-Benzylideneacetone (trans-Benzalacetone), a metabolite of gram-negative entomopathogenic bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila, is an enzyme inhibitor against phospholipase A2 (PLA2). trans-Benzylideneacetone is an immunosuppressant[1]. trans-Benzylideneacetone (trans-Benzalacetone), a metabolite of gram-negative entomopathogenic bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila, is an enzyme inhibitor against phospholipase A2 (PLA2). trans-Benzylideneacetone is an immunosuppressant[1]. trans-Benzylideneacetone (trans-Benzalacetone), a metabolite of gram-negative entomopathogenic bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila, is an enzyme inhibitor against phospholipase A2 (PLA2). trans-Benzylideneacetone is an immunosuppressant[1].
Ureidoisobutyric acid
Ureidoisobutyric acid, also known as 3-ureidoisobutyrate or beta-UBA, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as ureas. Ureas are compounds containing two amine groups joined by a carbonyl (C=O) functional group. Ureidoisobutyric acid is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Ureidoisobutyric acid exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. Within humans, ureidoisobutyric acid participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, ureidoisobutyric acid can be biosynthesized from dihydrothymine through its interaction with the enzyme dihydropyrimidinase. Outside of the human body, ureidoisobutyric acid has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as bread, squashberries, black elderberries, black crowberries, and climbing beans. This could make ureidoisobutyric acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Ureidoisobutyric acid is increased in the urine of patients with beta-ureidopropionase (EC 3.5.1.6) deficiency (PMID: 12271438), a genetic disorder. Ureidoisobutyric acid can be used to predict a patients individual phenotypes of enzyme deficiencies in pyrimidine metabolism when associated with a risk for severe toxicity against the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil (PMID: 12798197).
Ethyl 2-hydroxyisovalerate
2-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoic acid ethyl ester, also known as butyric acid, 2-hydroxy-3-methyl-, ethyl ester or ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate, is a member of the class of compounds known as fatty acid esters. Fatty acid esters are carboxylic ester derivatives of a fatty acid. 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoic acid ethyl ester is soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoic acid ethyl ester can be found in bilberry, which makes 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoic acid ethyl ester a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Ethyl 2-hydroxyisovalerate belongs to the family of Alpha Hydroxy Acids and Derivatives. These are organic compounds containing a carboxylic acid substituted with a hydroxyl group on the adjacent carbon
3,4-Dimethylpyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine
3,4-Dimethylpyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine is found in animal foods. 3,4-Dimethylpyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine is a component of roast beef arom Component of roast beef aroma. 3,4-Dimethylpyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine is found in animal foods.
2-Phenyl-2-butenal
(E)-2-Phenyl-2-butenal is found in tea. (E)-2-Phenyl-2-butenal is a flavouring ingredient. (E)-2-Phenyl-2-butenal is a odorous component of black tea Glutamic acid (Glu), also referred to as glutamate (the anion), is one of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids. It is not among the essential amino acids. Glutamate is a key molecule in cellular metabolism. In humans, dietary proteins are broken down by digestion into amino acids, which serves as metabolic fuel or other functional roles in the body. Glutamate is the most abundant fast excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian nervous system. At chemical synapses, glutamate is stored in vesicles. Nerve impulses trigger release of glutamate from the pre-synaptic cell. In the opposing post-synaptic cell, glutamate receptors, such as the NMDA receptor, bind glutamate and are activated. Because of its role in synaptic plasticity, it is believed that glutamic acid is involved in cognitive functions like learning and memory in the brain. Glutamate transporters are found in neuronal and glial membranes. They rapidly remove glutamate from the extracellular space. In brain injury or disease, they can work in reverse and excess glutamate can accumulate outside cells. This process causes calcium ions to enter cells via NMDA receptor channels, leading to neuronal damage and eventual cell death, and is called excitotoxicity. The mechanisms of cell death include: * Damage to mitochondria from excessively high intracellular Ca2+. * Glu/Ca2+-mediated promotion of transcription factors for pro-apoptotic genes, or downregulation of transcription factors for anti-apoptotic genes. Excitotoxicity due to glutamate occurs as part of the ischemic cascade and is associated with stroke and diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, lathyrism, and Alzheimers disease. glutamic acid has been implicated in epileptic seizures. Microinjection of glutamic acid into neurons produces spontaneous depolarization around one second apart, and this firing pattern is similar to what is known as paroxysmal depolarizing shift in epileptic attacks. This change in the resting membrane potential at seizure foci could cause spontaneous opening of voltage activated calcium channels, leading to glutamic acid release and further depolarization. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamic_acid); In addition to being one of the building blocks in protein synthesis, it is the most widespread neurotransmitter in brain function, as an excitatory neurotransmitter and as a precursor for the synthesis of GABA in GABAergic neurons. It is used as a food additive .
1,3-Dimethylpyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine
1,3-Dimethylpyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine is found in animal foods. 1,3-Dimethylpyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine is a component of roast beef arom Component of roast beef aroma. 1,3-Dimethylpyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine is found in animal foods.
1,4-Dimethylpyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine
1,4-Dimethylpyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine is found in animal foods. 1,4-Dimethylpyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine is a component of roast beef arom Component of roast beef aroma. 1,4-Dimethylpyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine is found in animal foods.
4-Phenyl-2-butenal
4-Phenyl-2-butenal is found in mushrooms. 4-Phenyl-2-butenal is a odorous component of Phallus impudicus (common stinkhorn
4-(1-Methylethenyl)benzaldehyde
4-(1-Methylethenyl)benzaldehyde is found in herbs and spices. 4-(1-Methylethenyl)benzaldehyde is a constituent of Roman chamomile oil (Anthemis nobilis) Constituent of Roman chamomile oil (Anthemis nobilis). 4-(1-Methylethenyl)benzaldehyde is found in roman camomile and herbs and spices.
Alanylglycine
Alanylglycine is a dipeptide composed of alanine and glycine that is found in human urine. It is a breakdown product from endogenous and exogenous proteins. This peptide is generated by dipeptidyl-dipeptidase (or tetrapeptide dipeptidase) which leads to the release of dipeptides from a tetrapeptide (more specifically: Ala-GlyAla-Gly). The enzyme acts more slowly on Ala-AlaAla-Ala and Gly-GlyGly-Gly.
3-Hydroxyisoheptanoic acid
3-Hydroxyisoheptanoic acid is a metabolite found in patients with isovaleric acidemia, an autosomal recessive genetic disorder of the enzyme isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase (PMID 7237839). Isovaleric acidemia is closely related to the genetic metabolic disorder Maple syrup urine disease. [HMDB] 3-Hydroxyisoheptanoic acid is a metabolite found in patients with isovaleric acidemia, an autosomal recessive genetic disorder of the enzyme isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase (PMID 7237839). Isovaleric acidemia is closely related to the genetic metabolic disorder Maple syrup urine disease.
1-Nitroheptane
1-nitroheptane is used for the synthesis of dihydrojasmone (PMID 17340535). 1-nitroheptane has been studied for its ability to induce DNA repair in rat hepatocytes (PMID 776204).
3-(4-Methylphenyl)-2-propenal
3-(4-Methylphenyl)-2-propenal is a flavouring ingredien Flavouring ingredient
2-Methyl-3-phenyl-2-propenal
2-Methyl-3-phenyl-2-propenal is found in herbs and spices. 2-Methyl-3-phenyl-2-propenal is present in peppermint oil (Mentha piperita). 2-Methyl-3-phenyl-2-propenal is a flavour ingredien Present in peppermint oil (Mentha piperita). Flavour ingredient. 2-Methyl-3-phenyl-2-propenal is found in peppermint and herbs and spices.
Dibutyl sulfide
Dibutyl sulfide is found in animal foods. Dibutyl sulfide is present in raw cabbage, boiled and cooked beef, and some varieties of mushroom. Dibutyl sulfide is a flavouring ingredien Present in raw cabbage, boiled and cooked beef, and some varieties of mushroom. Flavouring ingredient. Dibutyl sulfide is found in mushrooms, brassicas, and animal foods.
(+/-)-Ethyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylbutyrate
(+/-)-Ethyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylbutyrate is used as a food additive [EAFUS] ("EAFUS: Everything Added to Food in the United States. [http://www.eafus.com/]") It is used as a food additive .
2,3-Dimethylbenzofuran
Present in coffee and roasted onion. Flavorant. 2,3-Dimethylbenzofuran is found in onion-family vegetables and coffee and coffee products. 2,3-Dimethylbenzofuran is found in coffee and coffee products. 2,3-Dimethylbenzofuran is present in coffee and roasted onion. Flavorant.
Methyl DL-Leucate
Methyl DL-Leucate is a flavouring ingredien Flavouring ingredient Methyl 2-hydroxy-4-methylvalerate is one of dominant volatile compounds in Zhenjiang aromatic vinegar. Methyl 2-hydroxy-4-methylvalerate is used for charting flavour biosynthesis networks of vinegar microbiota[1].
4-Methyl-4-(methylthio)-2-pentanone
4-Methyl-4-(methylthio)-2-pentanone is a flavouring ingredient with blackcurant aroma. Flavouring ingredient with blackcurant aroma
Methyl (±)-3-hydroxyhexanoate
Methyl (±)-3-hydroxyhexanoate belongs to beta hydroxy acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are compounds containing a carboxylic acid substituted with a hydroxyl group on the C3 carbon atom. Methyl (±)-3-hydroxyhexanoate is soluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Methyl (±)-3-hydroxyhexanoate has a sweet, fruity, and juicy taste. Methyl (±)-3-hydroxyhexanoate is a flavouring ingredient.
S-Methyl hexanethioate
Present in durian fruit (Durio zibethinus), fish oil, beer and hop oil. Flavouring ingredient. S-Methyl hexanethioate is found in many foods, some of which are fruits, alcoholic beverages, cereals and cereal products, and fishes. S-Methyl hexanethioate is found in alcoholic beverages. S-Methyl hexanethioate is present in durian fruit (Durio zibethinus), fish oil, beer and hop oil. S-Methyl hexanethioate is a flavouring ingredient.
S-Methyl 4-methylpentanethioate
S-Methyl 4-methylpentanethioate is found in alcoholic beverages. S-Methyl 4-methylpentanethioate is found in fish oil, hop oil and beer. S-Methyl 4-methylpentanethioate is a flavouring agent. Found in fish oil, hop oil and beer. Flavouring agent
3-(Methylthio)hexanal
3-(Methylthio)hexanal is a flavouring ingredient. Flavouring ingredient
Butyl lactate
Butyl lactate is a flavouring agent. Flavouring agent
2-Ethyl-1-hexanethiol
(±)-2-Ethyl-1-hexanethiol is a food flavouring. It is used as a food additive
Benzofuran, 4,7-dimethyl-
Benzofuran, 4,7-dimethyl- belongs to the family of Benzofurans. These are organic compounds containing a benzene ring fused to a furan
3-hydroxyheptanoic acid
3-Hydroxyheptanoic acid is a medium-chain hydroxy fatty acid. In humans fatty acids are predominantly formed in the liver and adipose tissue, and mammary glands during lactation.
(3-Methyl-2-butenyl)-benzene
(3-Methyl-2-butenyl)-benzene belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzene and substituted derivatives. These are aromatic compounds containing one monocyclic ring system consisting of benzene.
2,5-Diamino-2-methylpentanoic acid
D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents
2-[(Tetrahydrofurfuryl)oxy]ethanol
D013501 - Surface-Active Agents > D011092 - Polyethylene Glycols D001697 - Biomedical and Dental Materials
Meldonium
COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials C26170 - Protective Agent > C2079 - Cardioprotective Agent C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy C78274 - Agent Affecting Cardiovascular System D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents D007155 - Immunologic Factors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Meldonium (MET-88) functions as a cardioprotective agent by cpmpetetively inhibiting γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase (BBOX) and carnitine/organic cation transporter type 2 (OCTN2). Mildronate (Meldonium) exhibits IC50 values of 34-62 μM for human recombinant BBOX and an EC50 of 21 μM for human OCTN2. Meldonium is a fatty acid oxidation inhibitor[1][2].
Pentenylbenzene
Pentenylbenzene is a member of the class of compounds known as styrenes. Styrenes are organic compounds containing an ethenylbenzene moiety. Pentenylbenzene can be found in wild celery, which makes pentenylbenzene a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
D-Alanyl glycine
D-alanyl glycine, also known as ag, is a member of the class of compounds known as dipeptides. Dipeptides are organic compounds containing a sequence of exactly two alpha-amino acids joined by a peptide bond. D-alanyl glycine is slightly soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). D-alanyl glycine can be found in rice, which makes D-alanyl glycine a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
Lysine
B - Blood and blood forming organs > B05 - Blood substitutes and perfusion solutions > B05X - I.v. solution additives > B05XB - Amino acids L-lysine is an essential amino acid[1][2] with important roles in connective tissues and carnitine synthesis, energy production, growth in children, and maintenance of immune functions[2]. L-lysine is an essential amino acid[1][2] with important roles in connective tissues and carnitine synthesis, energy production, growth in children, and maintenance of immune functions[2].
GLUTAMINE
A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A16 - Other alimentary tract and metabolism products > A16A - Other alimentary tract and metabolism products > A16AA - Amino acids and derivatives COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map, PDB, Protein Data Bank, clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS L-Glutamine (L-Glutamic acid 5-amide) is a non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and involved in many metabolic processes. L-Glutamine provides a source of carbons for oxidation in some cells[1][2]. L-Glutamine (L-Glutamic acid 5-amide) is a non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and involved in many metabolic processes. L-Glutamine provides a source of carbons for oxidation in some cells[1][2]. L-Glutamine (L-Glutamic acid 5-amide) is a non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and involved in many metabolic processes. L-Glutamine provides a source of carbons for oxidation in some cells[1][2].
2-Hydroxyheptanoic acid
A monohydroxy fatty acid that is heptanoic acid with a hydroxy group substituted at position C-2.
Nitrile-2-Amino-2-phenylpropanoic acid|Nitrile;B,HCl-(??)-2-Amino-2-phenylpropanoic acid
(Ra)-deca-4,5-diene-7,9-diyn-1-ol|Deca-4,5-dien-7,9-diin-1-ol
4,6,8-decatriyn-1-ol|Deca-4,6,8-triin-1-ol|deca-4,6,8-triyn-1-ol|deca-4,6,8-triynol|Decatriin-(2.4.6)-ol-(10)
threo-6-amino-5-hydroxy-5-methyl-1,3-oxazinan-4-one
(+)-Deca-3,4-dien-6,8-diin-1-ol|(+-)-Deca-3,4-dien-6,8-diin-1-ol|(+/-)-9-methyl-marasin|(-)-Deca-3,4-dien-6,8-diin-1-ol|(Sa)-deca-3,4-diene-6,8-diyn-1-ol|deca-3,4-diene-6,8-diyn-1-ol|R-(-)-9-Methylmarasin
2,4-Diamino-2,3,4,6-tetradeoxy-arabino-hexose,9CI,8CI-D-form
2,6-Diamino-2,3,4,6-tetradeoxy-erythro-hexose,9CI,8CI-D-form
2,6,8-Decatrien-4-ynal,9CI,8CI-(2E,6E,8E)-form|all-trans-Decatrien-(2.6.8)-in-(4)-al-(1)|deca-2t,6t,8t-trien-4-ynal|Decatrien-(2,6,8)-in-(4)-al-(1)
(E)-dec-2-ene-4,6-diynal|2-Decene-4,6-diynal, 9CI-(E)-form|Dec-2t-en-4,6-diinal|dec-2t-ene-4,6-diynal|trans-8,9-dihydro-matricarianal
L-Glutamine
An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4. Glutamine (symbol Gln or Q)[4] is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Its side chain is similar to that of glutamic acid, except the carboxylic acid group is replaced by an amide. It is classified as a charge-neutral, polar amino acid. It is non-essential and conditionally essential in humans, meaning the body can usually synthesize sufficient amounts of it, but in some instances of stress, the body's demand for glutamine increases, and glutamine must be obtained from the diet.[5][6] It is encoded by the codons CAA and CAG. It is named after glutamic acid, which in turn is named after its discovery in cereal proteins, gluten.[7] In human blood, glutamine is the most abundant free amino acid.[8] The dietary sources of glutamine include especially the protein-rich foods like beef, chicken, fish, dairy products, eggs, vegetables like beans, beets, cabbage, spinach, carrots, parsley, vegetable juices and also in wheat, papaya, Brussels sprouts, celery, kale and fermented foods like miso. The one-letter symbol Q for glutamine was assigned in alphabetical sequence to N for asparagine, being larger by merely one methylene –CH2– group. Note that P was used for proline, and O was avoided due to similarity with D. The mnemonic Qlutamine was also proposed.[7] A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A16 - Other alimentary tract and metabolism products > A16A - Other alimentary tract and metabolism products > A16AA - Amino acids and derivatives COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map, PDB, Protein Data Bank, clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 13 Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported by the Max-Planck-Society L-Glutamine (L-Glutamic acid 5-amide) is a non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and involved in many metabolic processes. L-Glutamine provides a source of carbons for oxidation in some cells[1][2]. L-Glutamine (L-Glutamic acid 5-amide) is a non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and involved in many metabolic processes. L-Glutamine provides a source of carbons for oxidation in some cells[1][2]. L-Glutamine (L-Glutamic acid 5-amide) is a non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and involved in many metabolic processes. L-Glutamine provides a source of carbons for oxidation in some cells[1][2].
L-Glutamine
An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration. L-Glutamine (L-Glutamic acid 5-amide) is a non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and involved in many metabolic processes. L-Glutamine provides a source of carbons for oxidation in some cells[1][2]. L-Glutamine (L-Glutamic acid 5-amide) is a non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and involved in many metabolic processes. L-Glutamine provides a source of carbons for oxidation in some cells[1][2]. L-Glutamine (L-Glutamic acid 5-amide) is a non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and involved in many metabolic processes. L-Glutamine provides a source of carbons for oxidation in some cells[1][2].
L-Lysine
An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine. L-lysine is an essential amino acid[1][2] with important roles in connective tissues and carnitine synthesis, energy production, growth in children, and maintenance of immune functions[2]. L-lysine is an essential amino acid[1][2] with important roles in connective tissues and carnitine synthesis, energy production, growth in children, and maintenance of immune functions[2].
Acetylcholine
MS2 deconvoluted using MS2Dec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; OIPILFWXSMYKGL_STSL_0140_Acetylcholine_0125fmol_180506_S2_LC02_MS02_248; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. MS2 deconvoluted using CorrDec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I.
D-Glutamine
The D-enantiomer of glutamine. D-Glutamine is a cell-permeable D type stereoisomer of Glutamine. D-Glutamine is a cell-permeable D type stereoisomer of Glutamine.
5,6-Dimethylbenzimidazole
A dimethylbenzimidazole carrying methyl substituents at positions 5 and 6. 5,6-Dimethyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole is an endogenous metabolite.
4-PHENYL-3-BUTEN-2-ONE
CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 6 INTERNAL_ID 6; CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1)
Benzalacetone
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1224; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10297; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10295 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1224; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10312; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10307 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1224; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10338; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10333 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1224; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10359; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10356 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1224; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10386; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10382 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1224; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 10360; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 10356 Benzylideneacetone is an endogenous metabolite. Benzylideneacetone is an endogenous metabolite. trans-Benzylideneacetone (trans-Benzalacetone), a metabolite of gram-negative entomopathogenic bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila, is an enzyme inhibitor against phospholipase A2 (PLA2). trans-Benzylideneacetone is an immunosuppressant[1]. trans-Benzylideneacetone (trans-Benzalacetone), a metabolite of gram-negative entomopathogenic bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila, is an enzyme inhibitor against phospholipase A2 (PLA2). trans-Benzylideneacetone is an immunosuppressant[1]. trans-Benzylideneacetone (trans-Benzalacetone), a metabolite of gram-negative entomopathogenic bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila, is an enzyme inhibitor against phospholipase A2 (PLA2). trans-Benzylideneacetone is an immunosuppressant[1].
Acetylcholine
S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01E - Antiglaucoma preparations and miotics > S01EB - Parasympathomimetics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018679 - Cholinergic Agonists Actylcholine is an ester of acetic acid and choline, which acts as a neurotransmitter. C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C47796 - Cholinergic Agonist D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
Dimethylbenzimidazole
5,6-Dimethyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole is an endogenous metabolite.
5,6 DIMETHYLBENZIMIDAZOLE
5,6-Dimethyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole is an endogenous metabolite.
3-Indolylmethylamine
Indole-3-methanamine is a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods such as barley, cereals, and cereal product[1].
T-Pbo
Benzylideneacetone is an endogenous metabolite. Benzylideneacetone is an endogenous metabolite. trans-Benzylideneacetone (trans-Benzalacetone), a metabolite of gram-negative entomopathogenic bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila, is an enzyme inhibitor against phospholipase A2 (PLA2). trans-Benzylideneacetone is an immunosuppressant[1]. trans-Benzylideneacetone (trans-Benzalacetone), a metabolite of gram-negative entomopathogenic bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila, is an enzyme inhibitor against phospholipase A2 (PLA2). trans-Benzylideneacetone is an immunosuppressant[1]. trans-Benzylideneacetone (trans-Benzalacetone), a metabolite of gram-negative entomopathogenic bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila, is an enzyme inhibitor against phospholipase A2 (PLA2). trans-Benzylideneacetone is an immunosuppressant[1].
FEMA 3706
Methyl 2-hydroxy-4-methylvalerate is one of dominant volatile compounds in Zhenjiang aromatic vinegar. Methyl 2-hydroxy-4-methylvalerate is used for charting flavour biosynthesis networks of vinegar microbiota[1].
SFE 7:0;O
Methyl 2-hydroxy-4-methylvalerate is one of dominant volatile compounds in Zhenjiang aromatic vinegar. Methyl 2-hydroxy-4-methylvalerate is used for charting flavour biosynthesis networks of vinegar microbiota[1].
7-Hydroxyheptanoic acid
An omega-hydroxy fatty acid comprising heptanoic acid which is substituted by a hydroxy group at position 7.
3-Hydroxy-3-methylhexanoic acid
A 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is hexanoic acid substituted by a hydroxy group and a methyl group at position 3. It is a metabolite found in human sweat.
DL-Lysine
DL-Lysine is a racemic mixture of the D-Lysine and L-Lysine. Lysine is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins[1].
3-(ETHYLENEDIAMINO)PROPYL-FUNCTIONALIZED SILICA GEL
1-(4-TRIFLUOROMETHYL-BENZENESULFONYL)-PIPERAZINEHYDROCHLORIDE
6-Hydroxyheptanoic acid
An (omega-1)-hydroxy fatty acid that is heptanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 6 is replaced by a hydroxy group.
Meldonium
COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials C26170 - Protective Agent > C2079 - Cardioprotective Agent C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy C78274 - Agent Affecting Cardiovascular System D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents D007155 - Immunologic Factors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Meldonium (MET-88) functions as a cardioprotective agent by cpmpetetively inhibiting γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase (BBOX) and carnitine/organic cation transporter type 2 (OCTN2). Mildronate (Meldonium) exhibits IC50 values of 34-62 μM for human recombinant BBOX and an EC50 of 21 μM for human OCTN2. Meldonium is a fatty acid oxidation inhibitor[1][2].
AI3-00944
Benzylideneacetone is an endogenous metabolite. Benzylideneacetone is an endogenous metabolite. trans-Benzylideneacetone (trans-Benzalacetone), a metabolite of gram-negative entomopathogenic bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila, is an enzyme inhibitor against phospholipase A2 (PLA2). trans-Benzylideneacetone is an immunosuppressant[1]. trans-Benzylideneacetone (trans-Benzalacetone), a metabolite of gram-negative entomopathogenic bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila, is an enzyme inhibitor against phospholipase A2 (PLA2). trans-Benzylideneacetone is an immunosuppressant[1]. trans-Benzylideneacetone (trans-Benzalacetone), a metabolite of gram-negative entomopathogenic bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila, is an enzyme inhibitor against phospholipase A2 (PLA2). trans-Benzylideneacetone is an immunosuppressant[1].
Acetylcholine
Acetylcholine (ACh) is a neurotransmitter. Acetylcholine in vertebrates is the major transmitter at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system. Its physiological and pharmacological effects, metabolism, release, and receptors have been well documented in several species. ACh has been considered an important excitatory neurotransmitter in the carotid body (CB). Various nicotinic and muscarinic ACh receptors are present in both afferent nerve endings and glomus cells. Therefore, ACh can depolarize or hyperpolarize the cell membrane depending on the available receptor type in the vicinity. Binding of ACh to its receptor can create a wide variety of cellular responses including opening cation channels (nicotinic ACh receptor activation), releasing Ca2+ from intracellular storage sites (via muscarinic ACh receptors), and modulating activities of K+ and Ca2+ channels. Interactions between ACh and other neurotransmitters (dopamine, adenosine, nitric oxide) have been known, and they may induce complicated responses. Cholinergic biology in the CB differs among species and even within the same species due to different genetic composition. Development and environment influence cholinergic biology. Pharmacological data clearly indicate that both muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors have a role in the encoding of new memories. Localized lesions and antagonist infusions demonstrate the anatomical locus of these cholinergic effects, and computational modeling links the function of cholinergic modulation to specific cellular effects within these regions. Acetylcholine has been shown to increase the strength of afferent input relative to feedback, to contribute to theta rhythm oscillations, activate intrinsic mechanisms for persistent spiking, and increase the modification of synapses. These effects might enhance different types of encoding in different cortical structures. In particular, the effects in entorhinal and perirhinal cortex and hippocampus might be important for encoding new episodic memories. The role of ACh in attention has been repeatedly demonstrated in several tasks. Acetylcholine is linked to response accuracy in voluntary and reflexive attention and also to response speed in reflexive attention. It is well known that those with Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders tend to be inaccurate and slow to respond. (PMID:17284361, 17011181, 15556286). Acetylcholine has been found to be a microbial product, urinary acetylcholine is produced by Lactobacillus (PMID:24621061). S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01E - Antiglaucoma preparations and miotics > S01EB - Parasympathomimetics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018679 - Cholinergic Agonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C47796 - Cholinergic Agonist D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents Occurs in Capsella bursa-pastoris (shepherds purse) COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
(6R)-6-hydroxyheptanoic acid
A 6-hydroxyheptanoic acid that has R configuration at the chiral centre.
N-hydroxy-L-isoleucinate
A monocarboxylic acid anion, obtained by removal of a proton from the carboxylic acid group of N-hydroxy-L-isoleucine.
(6S)-6-hydroxyheptanoic acid
A 6-hydroxyheptanoic acid that has S configuration at the chiral centre.
4-Methyl-4-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-methanol
Deuterio-dimethyl-[1,1,2,2-tetradeuterio-2-[deuterio(dimethyl)silyl]ethyl]silane
Deuterio-[deuterio(dimethyl)silyl]-methyl-propylsilane
Indole-3-methanamine
An aralkylamino compound that is indole substituted at position 3 by an aminomethyl group. Indole-3-methanamine is a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods such as barley, cereals, and cereal product[1].
trans-Benzylideneacetone
The trans-isomer of benzylideneacetone. It acts as an inhibitor of the enzyme phospholipase A2 (EC 3.1.1.4) of insects like diamond back moth.
beta-guanidino-L-alanine
A L-alanine derivative in which one of the methyl hydrogens of L-alanine has been replaced by a guanidino group.
L-lysine zwitterion
An L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of L-lysine; major species at pH 7.3.
4-(trimethylammonio)butanoic acid
A quaternary ammonium ion that is the conjugate acid of 4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate.