Exact Mass: 102.0469476
Exact Mass Matches: 102.0469476
Found 332 metabolites which its exact mass value is equals to given mass value 102.0469476,
within given mass tolerance error 0.05 dalton. Try search metabolite list with more accurate mass tolerance error
0.01 dalton.
Ethylene thiourea
CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 271 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8704
Alpha-ketobutyrate
3-methyl pyruvic acid, also known as alpha-ketobutyric acid or 2-oxobutyric acid, belongs to short-chain keto acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are keto acids with an alkyl chain the contains less than 6 carbon atoms. Thus, 3-methyl pyruvic acid is considered to be a fatty acid lipid molecule. 3-methyl pyruvic acid is soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 3-methyl pyruvic acid can be found in a number of food items such as pepper (c. baccatum), triticale, european plum, and black walnut, which makes 3-methyl pyruvic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 3-methyl pyruvic acid can be found primarily in blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), saliva, and urine. 3-methyl pyruvic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, 3-methyl pyruvic acid is involved in several metabolic pathways, some of which include methionine metabolism, homocysteine degradation, threonine and 2-oxobutanoate degradation, and propanoate metabolism. 3-methyl pyruvic acid is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include dimethylglycine dehydrogenase deficiency, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency (MTHFRD), s-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) hydrolase deficiency, and hyperglycinemia, non-ketotic. 2-Ketobutyric acid, also known as alpha-ketobutyrate or 2-oxobutyrate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as short-chain keto acids and derivatives. These are keto acids with an alkyl chain the contains less than 6 carbon atoms. 2-Ketobutyric acid is a substance that is involved in the metabolism of many amino acids (glycine, methionine, valine, leucine, serine, threonine, isoleucine) as well as propanoate metabolism and C-5 branched dibasic acid metabolism. It is also one of the degradation products of threonine. It can be converted into propionyl-CoA (and subsequently methylmalonyl CoA, which can be converted into succinyl CoA, a citric acid cycle intermediate), and thus enter the citric acid cycle. More specifically, 2-ketobutyric acid is a product of the lysis of cystathionine. 2-Oxobutanoic acid is a product in the enzymatic cleavage of cystathionine.
Succinic acid semialdehyde
Succinic acid semialdehyde (or succinate semialdehyde) is an intermediate in the catabolism of gamma-aminobutyrate or GABA (PMID:16435183). It is formed from GABA by the action of GABA transaminase, which leads to the production of succinate semialdehyde and alanine. The resulting succinate semialdehyde is further oxidized by succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase to become succinic acid, which also yields NADPH. Under certain situations, high levels of succinate semialdehyde can function as a neurotoxin and a metabotoxin. A neurotoxin is a compound that causes damage to the brain and nerve tissues. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Elevated serum levels of succinate semialdehyde are found in succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) deficiency (gamma-hydroxybutyric aciduria), a rare neurometabolic disorder of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) degradation. Symptoms include motor delay, hypotonia, speech delay, autistic features, seizures, and ataxia. Patients also exhibit behavioural problems such as attention deficit, hyperactivity, anxiety, or aggression (PMID:18622364). Succinate semialdehyde is considered a reactive carbonyl and may lead to increased oxidative stress. This stress is believed to contribute to the formation of free radicals in the brain tissue of animal models induced with SSADH deficiency, which further leads to secondary cell damage and death. Additionally, oxidative stress may be responsible for the loss of striatal dopamine, which may contribute to the neuropathology of SSADH deficiency. Succinic acid semialdehyde is an intermediate in the catabolism of gamma-aminobutyrate (PMID 16435183). Succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyses the reaction of succinate semialdehyde and NAD+ to form succinate and NADH. Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) deficiency (gamma-hydroxybutyric aciduria) is a rare neurometabolic disorder of gamma-aminobutyric acid degradation. Symptoms include motor delay, hypotonia, speech delay, autistic features, seizures, and ataxia. Patients also exhibit behavioral problems, such as attention deficit, hyperactivity, anxiety, or aggression. (PMID: 18622364) [HMDB]. Succinic acid semialdehyde is found in many foods, some of which are yellow zucchini, japanese chestnut, banana, and pineappple sage.
Valerate
Valeric acid, or pentanoic acid, is a straight chain alkyl carboxylic acid with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)3COOH. Like other low molecular weight carboxylic acids, it has a very unpleasant odor. Valeric acid is commonly found in human feces, with an average concentration of 2.4 umol/g feces (range of 0.6-3.8 umol/g) (PMID:6740214). Valeric acid is produced by the gut microbiota, typically Clostridia species and other gut bacterial species such as Megasphaera massiliensis MRx0029 (PMID:30052654) via the condensation of ethanol with propionic acid (PMID:18116989). Valeric acid is largely considered as a gut microbial metabolite. Recently, valeric acid has been found to exert strong gut protective effects. Studies involving mice that received high doses of radiation showed that valeric acid replenishment (via oral gavage) elevated the survival rate of irradiated mice, protected hematogenic organs (such as the thymus and spleen), improved gastrointestinal (GI) tract function and enhanced intestinal epithelial integrity (PMID:31931652 ). Valeric acid was also found to restore the enteric bacteria taxonomic proportions and reprogram the small intestinal protein profile to normal levels. Valeric acid, like butyric acid, also appears to be a potent histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. High levels of HDAC proteins have been implicated in a variety of disease pathologies, from cancer and colitis to cardiovascular disease and neurodegeneration (PMID:30052654). Valeric acid is also found in certain plants, specifically in the perennial flowering plant valerian (Valeriana officinalis), from which it gets its name. Industrially valeric acid is primarily used is in the synthesis of its esters. Volatile esters of valeric acid tend to have pleasant odors and are used in perfumes and cosmetics. Ethyl valerate and pentyl valerate are used as food additives because of their fruity flavours. Hydrolysis of these valerate-containing food additives in the gut can also lead to the appearance of valerate in blood, urine and stool samples. Minor constituent of biological systems e.g. yeast fat, some plant oilsand is also present in blue cheeses, wines, apple, banana, morello cherry, cooked shrimp, scallop, roasted peanut, roasted filberts and other foodstuffs. Flavouring agent. Pentanoic acid is found in many foods, some of which are red raspberry, pepper (c. frutescens), tea, and fats and oils. KEIO_ID V002
Diethylnitrosamine
CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3452 D009676 - Noxae > D000477 - Alkylating Agents N-Nitrosodiethylamine (Diethylnitrosamine) is a potent hepatocarcinogenic dialkylnitrosoamine. N-Nitrosodiethylamine is mainly present in tobacco smoke, water, cheddar cheese, cured, fried meals and many alcoholic beverages. N-Nitrosodiethylamine is responsible for the changes in the nuclear enzymes associated with DNA repair/replication. N-Nitrosodiethylamine results in various tumors in all animal species. The main target organs are the nasal cavity, trachea, lung, esophagus and liver.
Betaine aldehyde
Betaine aldehyde, also known as BTL, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as tetraalkylammonium salts. These are organonitrogen compounds containing a quaternary ammonium substituted with four alkyl chains. Betaine aldehyde is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). In humans, betaine aldehyde is involved in betaine metabolism. Outside of the human body, betaine aldehyde has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as sourdoughs, summer savouries, loganberries, burbots, and celery stalks. This could make betaine aldehyde a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Betaine aldehyde is an intermediate in the metabolism of glycine, serine, and threonine. The human aldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.3) facilitates the conversion of betaine aldehyde into glycine betaine. Betaine aldehyde is a substrate for choline dehydrogenase (PMID: 12467448, 7646513). Betaine aldehyde is an intermediate in the metabolism of glycine, serine and threonine. The human aldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.3) facilitates the conversion of betaine aldehyde to glycine betaine. Betaine aldehyde is a substrate for Choline dehydrogenase (mitochondrial). (PMID: 12467448, 7646513) [HMDB]. Betaine aldehyde is found in many foods, some of which are celery leaves, pummelo, star anise, and grape. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map KEIO_ID B044 Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
Isovaleric acid
Isovaleric acid, is a natural fatty acid found in a wide variety of plants and essential oils. Isovaleric acid is clear colorless liquid that is sparingly soluble in water, but well soluble in most common organic solvents. It has been suggested that isovaleric acid from pilot whales, a species frequently consumed in the Faroe Islands, may be the unusual dietary factor in prolonged gestation in the population of the Faroe Islands. Previous studies suggested that was due to the high intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids has been, but fatty acid data for eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexanoic acid (DHA) in blood lipids of Faroese and Norwegians was reviewed in terms of the type of fish eaten (mostly lean white fish with DHA much greater than EPA); the popular lean fish, thus, probably provides too little EPA to produce a marked effect on human biochemistry (PMID 2646392). Isovaleric acid is found to be associated with isovaleric acidemia, which is an inborn error of metabolism. Flavouring agent. Simple esters are used in flavourings. Constituent of hops, cheese etc.; an important component of cheese aroma and flavour CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 152 KEIO_ID I018 Isovaleric acid is a natural fatty acid and known to effect on neonatal death and possible Jamaican vomiting sickness in human. Isovaleric acid is a natural fatty acid and known to effect on neonatal death and possible Jamaican vomiting sickness in human.
4-Aminoisoxazolidin-3-one
4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one is a member of the class of oxazolidines that is isoxazoldin-3-one which is substituted at position 4 by an amino group. It is a serine derivative, a member of oxazolidines, a primary amino compound and a hydroxamic acid ester.
Acetoacetate
Acetoacetic acid (AcAc) is a weak organic acid that can be produced in the human liver under certain conditions of poor metabolism leading to excessive fatty acid breakdown (diabetes mellitus leading to diabetic ketoacidosis). It is then partially converted into acetone by decarboxylation and excreted either in urine or through respiration. Persistent mild hyperketonemia is a common finding in newborns. Ketone bodies serve as an indispensable source of energy for extrahepatic tissues, especially the brain and lung of developing rats. Another important function of ketone bodies is to provide acetoacetyl-CoA and acetyl-CoA for synthesis of cholesterol, fatty acids, and complex lipids. During the early postnatal period, acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate are preferred over glucose as substrates for synthesis of phospholipids and sphingolipids in accord with requirements for brain growth and myelination. Thus, during the first two weeks of postnatal development, when the accumulation of cholesterol and phospholipids accelerates, the proportion of ketone bodies incorporated into these lipids increases. On the other hand, an increased proportion of ketone bodies are utilized for cerebroside synthesis during the period of active myelination. In the lung, AcAc serves better than glucose as a precursor for the synthesis of lung phospholipids. The synthesized lipids, particularly dipalmityl phosphatidylcholine, are incorporated into surfactant, and thus have a potential role in supplying adequate surfactant lipids to maintain lung function during the early days of life (PMID: 3884391). The acid is also present in the metabolism of those undergoing starvation or prolonged physical exertion as part of gluconeogenesis. When ketone bodies are measured by way of urine concentration, acetoacetic acid, along with beta-hydroxybutyric acid or acetone, is what is detected.
2-Methyl-3-oxopropanoic acid
2-Methyl-3-oxopropanoic acid is an intermediate in the metabolism of Propanoate. It is a substrate for 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase (mitochondrial), Alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 (mitochondrial) and Methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (mitochondrial). [HMDB] 2-Methyl-3-oxopropanoic acid is an intermediate in the metabolism of Propanoate. It is a substrate for 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase (mitochondrial), Alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 (mitochondrial) and Methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (mitochondrial).
Ethylmethylacetic acid
Ethylmethylacetic acid, also known as alpha-methyl butyric acid or a-methyl butyrate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as methyl-branched fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an acyl chain that has a methyl branch. Usually, they are saturated and contain only one or more methyl group. However, branches other than methyl may be present. Ethylmethylacetic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Ethylmethylacetic acid is a carboxylic acid found in low amounts in normal humans (PMID 3372640)
Butyl formate
Butyl formate is a formate ester resulting from the formal condensation of formic acid with the hydroxy group of butan-1-ol. It has been found in apples, strawberries, sherry and Pamesan cheese, and it has a fruity, plum-like odour and taste. It has a role as a polar aprotic solvent, a flavouring agent and a fragrance. It derives from a butan-1-ol. Butyl formate, also known as butyl methanoate or fema 2916, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as carboxylic acid esters. These are carboxylic acid derivatives in which the carbon atom from the carbonyl group is attached to an alkyl or an aryl moiety through an oxygen atom (forming an ester group). Butyl formate has been detected, but not quantified, in blackcurrants and pineapples. Flavouring agent. Butyl formate is found in pineapple and blackcurrant.
(S)-Methylmalonic acid semialdehyde
Methylmalonic semialdehyde is a metabolite in valine catabolism, inositol metabolism and propanoate metabolism. Methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (MMSDH) catalyses the NAD+ and coenzyme A-dependent conversion of methylmalonate semialdehyde to propionyl-CoA in the distal region of the L-valine catabolic pathway. MMSDH is located within the mitochondria; direct enzymatic assay of MMSDH is difficult since the substrate, methylmalonate semialdehyde, is both commercially unavailable and notoriously unstable as a b-keto acid. (PMID: 10947204) [HMDB] Methylmalonic semialdehyde is a metabolite in valine catabolism, inositol metabolism and propanoate metabolism. Methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (MMSDH) catalyses the NAD+ and coenzyme A-dependent conversion of methylmalonate semialdehyde to propionyl-CoA in the distal region of the L-valine catabolic pathway. MMSDH is located within the mitochondria; direct enzymatic assay of MMSDH is difficult since the substrate, methylmalonate semialdehyde, is both commercially unavailable and notoriously unstable as a b-keto acid. (PMID: 10947204).
Cycloserine
Cycloserine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces garyphalus. [PubChem]Cycloserine is an analog of the amino acid D-alanine. It interferes with an early step in bacterial cell wall synthesis in the cytoplasm by competitive inhibition of two enzymes, L-alanine racemase, which forms D-alanine from L-alanine, and D-alanylalanine synthetase, which incorporates D-alanine into the pentapeptide necessary for peptidoglycan formation and bacterial cell wall synthesis. J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J04 - Antimycobacterials > J04A - Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis > J04AB - Antibiotics D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D000995 - Antitubercular Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C52588 - Antibacterial Agent > C280 - Antitubercular Agent D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D023303 - Oxazolidinones D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites D-Cycloserine is an antibiotic which targets sequential bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan biosynthesis enzymes. D-Cycloserine is a partial NMDA agonist that can improve cognitive functions. D-Cycloserine can be used for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis research[1][2]. D-Cycloserine is an antibiotic which targets sequential bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan biosynthesis enzymes. D-Cycloserine is a partial NMDA agonist that can improve cognitive functions. D-Cycloserine can be used for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis research[1][2].
3-Hydroxy-2-pentanone
(±)-3-Hydroxy-2-pentanone is found in milk and milk products. (±)-3-Hydroxy-2-pentanone is a flavouring agent. (±)-3-Hydroxy-2-pentanone is present in yoghurt. 3-Hydroxy-2-pentanone is a secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone. 3-Hydroxy-2-pentanone is a natural product found in Allium cepa with data available. It is used as a food additive .
3-Amino-2-oxazolidone
3-Amino-2-oxazolidone is a metabolite of furazolidone. Furazolidone is a nitrofuran antibacterial. It is marketed by Roberts Laboratories under the brand name Furoxone and by GlaxoSmithKline as Dependal-M. (Wikipedia) D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D023303 - Oxazolidinones
Acetic anhydride
Acetic anhydride is an esterification agent for use in prepn. of modified food starch and for acetylation of monoglycerides Acetic anhydride is a versatile reagent for acetylations, the introduction of acetyl groups to organic substrates. In these conversions, acetic anhydride is viewed as a source of CH3CO+. Alcohols and amines are readily acetylated. For example, the reaction of acetic anhydride with ethanol yields ethyl acetate: (CH3CO)2O + CH3CH2OH → CH3CO2CH2CH3 + CH3COOH. Acetic anhydride is an irritant and flammable. Because of its reactivity toward water, alcohol foam or carbon dioxide are preferred for fire suppression. The vapour of acetic anhydride is harmful. Acetic anhydride is the chemical compound with the formula (CH3CO)2O. Commonly abbreviated Ac2O, it is one of the simplest acid anhydrides and is a widely used reagent in organic synthesis. It is a colorless liquid that smells strongly of acetic acid, which is formed by its reaction with the moisture in the air. As indicated by its organic chemistry, Ac2O is mainly used for acetylations leading to commercially significant materials. Its largest application is for the conversion of cellulose to cellulose acetate, which is a component of photographic film and other coated materials. Similarly it is used in the production of aspirin, acetyl salicylic acid, which is prepared by the acetylation of salicylic acid. It is also used as a wood preservative via autoclave impregnation to make a longer lasting timber. Because of its use for the synthesis of heroin by the diacetylation of morphine, acetic anhydride (known as AA in clandestine chemistry circles) is listed as a U.S. DEA List II Precursor, and restricted in many other countries. The largest markets for diverted acetic anhydride continue to be heroin laboratories in Afghanistan
Tetrahydro-2-furanmethanol
xi-Tetrahydro-2-furanmethanol is found in fermented soya hydrolysate (shoyu). It is used as a food additive .
Propyl acetate
Propyl acetate, also known as 1-acetoxypropane or propyl ethanoate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as carboxylic acid esters. These are carboxylic acid derivatives in which the carbon atom from the carbonyl group is attached to an alkyl or an aryl moiety through an oxygen atom (forming an ester group). It is formed by the esterification of acetic acid and 1-propanol (known as a condensation reaction), often via Fischer–Speier esterification, with sulfuric acid as a catalyst and water produced as a byproduct. This clear, colorless liquid is known by its characteristic odor of pears. Propyl acetate is a drug. Propyl acetate is a bitter, celery, and fruity tasting compound. It has been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as muskmelons, figs, apples, pineapples, and cocoa beans. Due to this fact, it is commonly used in fragrances and as a flavor additive. Propyl acetate has been found to be associated with the diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; also propyl acetate has been linked to the inborn metabolic disorders including celiac disease. Flavouring agent. Propyl acetate is found in many foods, some of which are fig, apple, papaya, and cocoa bean.
2-Methylpropyl formate
2-Methylpropyl formate is found in alcoholic beverages. 2-Methylpropyl formate is found in brandy, rum, beer, and vinegar. 2-Methylpropyl formate is used in fruit flavourin Found in brandy, rum, beer, and vinegar. It is used in fruit flavouring.
Methyl butyrate
Methyl butyrate belongs to the class of organic compounds known as organic acid methyl esters. Organic acid methyl esters are compounds containing an organic acid that is esterified with a methyl group. They have the general structure RC(=O)OR, where R= aliphatic tail or organyl group and R=methyl group. Methyl butyrate is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Found in many fruits, e.g. apple juice, apricot, blackberry, nectarine etc., also present in cheeses, butter, milk, white wine, coffee and black tea. Flavouring ingredient
Ethyl propionate
Ethyl propanoate, also known as fema 2456, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as carboxylic acid esters. These are carboxylic acid derivatives in which the carbon atom from the carbonyl group is attached to an alkyl or an aryl moiety through an oxygen atom, forming an ester group. Ethyl propanoate exists as a solid. It is very hydrophobic, practically insoluble in water, and a relatively neutral molecule. Ethyl propanoate exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Ethyl propanoate has been found to be associated with several known diseases as autism, irritable bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; also ethyl propanoate has been linked to the inborn metabolic disorders including celiac disease. As a volatile organic compound, ethyl propionate has been identified as a fecal biomarker of Clostridium difficile infection (PMID:30986230). It is used in fruity and rum flavour compositions. Ethyl propionate is found in many foods, some of which are apple, fig, black elderberry, and olive.
Isopropyl acetate
Isopropyl acetate is found in alcoholic beverages. Isopropyl acetate is isolated from ripening melons, apples, bananas, blackcurrants, other fruits and grape oil. Also present in cheddar cheese, soybean, beer, red wine, white wine and plum brandy. Isopropyl acetate is a flavouring ingredient Isopropyl acetate is a solvent with a wide variety of manufacturing uses that is miscible with most other organic solvents, and moderately soluble in water. It is used as a solvent for cellulose, plastics, oil and fats. It is a component of some printing inks and perfumes. Isopropyl acetate is an ester, an organic compound which is the product of condensation of acetic acid and isopropanol. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a characteristic fruity odor Isolated from ripening melons, apples, bananas, blackcurrants, other fruits and grape oiland is also present in cheddar cheese, soybean, beer, red wine, white wine and plum brandy. Flavouring ingredient
3-Methyl-2-butene-1-thiol
3-Methyl-2-butene-1-thiol is found in alcoholic beverages. Substance responsible for ``sun-struck flavour of beer. 3-Methyl-2-butene-1-thiol is found in coffee. 3-Methyl-2-butene-1-thiol is used in food flavouring Substance responsible for ``sun-struck flavour of beer. Found in coffee. It is used in food flavourings.
Methyl isobutyrate
Methyl isobutyrate, also known as fema 2694, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as methyl esters. These are organic compounds containing a carboxyl group that is esterified with a methyl group. They have the general structure RC(=O)OR, where R=H or organyl group and R=methyl group. Methyl isobutyrate is an organic compound with the formula CH3O2CCH(CH3)2. Methyl isobutyrate is an apple, floral, and flower tasting compound. methyl isobutyrate has been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as fruits, herbs and spices, pineapples, pomes, and potato. This could make methyl isobutyrate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Found in various fruits, e.g. apple, banana, kumquat peel, wild blueberry, strawberryand is also present in French fried potato, dill herb and Russian champagnes. Flavouring agent.
4-Hydroxycrotonic acid
4-Hydroxycrotonic acid was first identified in biopsies of renal tissue from patients with chronic glomerulonephritis. 4-Hydroxycrotonic acid is usually undetectable in normal urine and serum. Experimentally, 4-Hydroxycrotonic acid increases initially with kidney ischemia but later reaches almost control levels. (PMID: 7107749, 6833421) [HMDB] 4-Hydroxycrotonic acid was first identified in biopsies of renal tissue from patients with chronic glomerulonephritis. 4-Hydroxycrotonic acid is usually undetectable in normal urine and serum. Experimentally, 4-Hydroxycrotonic acid increases initially with kidney ischemia but later reaches almost control levels. (PMID: 7107749, 6833421).
Dihydro-3(2H)-thiophenone
Dihydro-3(2H)-thiophenone is found in animal foods. Dihydro-3(2H)-thiophenone is present in cooked beef, coffee, roast filbert and roasted peanut. Dihydro-3(2H)-thiophenone is a food flavouring agent Present in cooked beef, coffee, roast filbert and roasted peanut. Food flavouring agent. Dihydro-3(2H)-thiophenone is found in coffee and coffee products, animal foods, and nuts.
Dihydro-2(3H)-thiophenone
Dihydro-2(3H)-thiophenone is found in coffee and coffee products. Dihydro-2(3H)-thiophenone is a component of roasted coffee bean
2,4-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane
2,4-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane is used as a food additive [EAFUS] ("EAFUS: Everything Added to Food in the United States. [http://www.eafus.com/]")
(S)-2-Methylbutanoic acid
(S)-2-Methylbutanoic acid is found in fats and oils. (S)-2-Methylbutanoic acid is isolated from many essential oils and other biol. sources. Isolated from many essential oils and other biol. sources. (S)-2-Methylbutanoic acid is found in fats and oils.
1-(Methylthio)-1-butene
1-(Methylthio)-1-butene is found in nuts. 1-(Methylthio)-1-butene is a food flavouring ingredient. 1-(Methylthio)-1-butene is present in roasted peanuts. 1-(Methylthio)-1-butene is a flavouring ingredient. It is found in roasted peanuts.
Cyclopentanethiol
Cyclopentanethiol is a flavouring ingredient. Flavouring ingredient
Tetrahydro-2-methyl-3-furanol
Tetrahydro-2-methyl-3-furanol is found in nuts. Tetrahydro-2-methyl-3-furanol is a constituent of roasted peanut volatiles and cooked meat aroma model systems. Constituent of roasted peanut volatiles and cooked meat aroma model systems. Tetrahydro-2-methyl-3-furanol is found in nuts.
2-Methyl-1-propenethiol
2-Methyl-1-propenethiol is found in onion-family vegetables. 2-Methyl-1-propenethiol is a volatile flavour component of Allium species. Volatile flavour component of Allium subspecies 2-Methyl-1-propenethiol is found in onion-family vegetables.
Pivalic acid
Pivalic acid is a carboxylic acid with a molecular formula of (CH3)3CCO2H. This colourless, odiferous organic compound is solid at room temperature. Relative to esters of most carboxylic acids, esters of pivalic acid are unusually resistant to hydrolysis. Some applications result from this thermal stability. Polymers derived from pivalate esters of vinyl alcohol are highly reflective lacquers. The pivaloyl (abbreviated piv or pv) group is a protective group for alcohols in organic synthesis.
1-Hydroxy-2-pentanone
1-hydroxy-2-pentanone belongs to the family of Alpha Ketoaldehydes. These are organic compounds containing an aldehyde substituted with a keto group on the adjacent carbon.
1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane
D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D000777 - Anesthetics
Guanylurea
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2784 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8709 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1) CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3253
1-ethynylbenzene|1-phenylacetylene|1-phenyleth-1-yne|Ethynylbenzene|phenyalcetylene|phenyl acethylene|phenylacetylene
N-Nitrosodiethylamine
N-nitrosodiethylamine is a clear slightly yellow liquid. Boiling point 175-177 °C. Can reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. Used as a gasoline and lubricant additive and as an antioxidant and stabilizer in plastics. N-nitrosodiethylamine is a nitrosamine that is N-ethylethanamine substituted by a nitroso group at the N-atom. It has a role as a mutagen, a hepatotoxic agent and a carcinogenic agent. N-Nitrosodiethylamine is a synthetic light-sensitive, volatile, clear yellow oil that is soluble in water, lipids, and other organic solvents. It is used as gasoline and lubricant additive, antioxidant, and stabilizer for industry materials. When heated to decomposition, N-nitrosodiethylamine emits toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides. N-Nitrosodiethylamine affects DNA integrity, probably by alkylation, and is used in experimental research to induce liver tumorigenesis. It is considered to be reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. (NCI05) A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties. D009676 - Noxae > D000477 - Alkylating Agents N-Nitrosodiethylamine (Diethylnitrosamine) is a potent hepatocarcinogenic dialkylnitrosoamine. N-Nitrosodiethylamine is mainly present in tobacco smoke, water, cheddar cheese, cured, fried meals and many alcoholic beverages. N-Nitrosodiethylamine is responsible for the changes in the nuclear enzymes associated with DNA repair/replication. N-Nitrosodiethylamine results in various tumors in all animal species. The main target organs are the nasal cavity, trachea, lung, esophagus and liver.
2-Oxobutyric acid
A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-oxo derivative of butanoic acid. 2-Oxobutanoic acid is a product in the enzymatic cleavage of cystathionine.
acetoacetic acid
A 3-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid bearing a 3-oxo substituent. It is a weak organic acid and can be produced in the human liver under certain conditions of poor metabolism leading to excessive fatty acid breakdown (diabetes mellitus leading to diabetic ketoacidosis), it is then partially converted to acetone by decarboxylation and excreted either in urine or through respiration. Persistent mild hyperketonemia is a common finding in newborns. These compounds serve as an indispensable source of energy for extrahepatic tissues, especially the brain and lung of developing rats. Another important function of ketone bodies is to provide acetoacetyl-CoA and acetyl-CoA for synthesis of cholesterol, fatty acids, and complex lipids. During the early postnatal period, acetoacetate (AcAc) and beta-hydroxybutyrate are preferred over glucose as substrates for synthesis of phospholipids and sphingolipids in accord with requirements for brain growth and myelination. Thus, during the first 2 wk of postnatal development, when the accumulation of cholesterol and phospholipids accelerates, the proportion of ketone bodies incorporated into these lipids increases. On the other hand, an increased proportion of ketone bodies are utilized for cerebroside synthesis during the period of active myelination. In the lung, AcAc serves better than glucose as a precursor for the synthesis of lung phospholipids. The synthesized lipids, particularly dipalmityl phosphatidylcholine, are incorporated into surfactant, and thus have a potential role in supplying adequate surfactant lipids to maintain lung function during the early days of life. (PMID 3884391) The acid is also present in the metabolism of those undergoing starvation or prolonged physical exertion as part of gluconeogenesis. When ketone bodies are measured by way of urine concentration, acetoacetic acid, along with beta-hydroxybutyric acid or acetone, is what is detected. [HMDB]
ISOVALERIC ACID
A C5, branched-chain saturated fatty acid. Isovaleric acid is a natural fatty acid and known to effect on neonatal death and possible Jamaican vomiting sickness in human. Isovaleric acid is a natural fatty acid and known to effect on neonatal death and possible Jamaican vomiting sickness in human.
Cycloserine
J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J04 - Antimycobacterials > J04A - Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis > J04AB - Antibiotics D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D000995 - Antitubercular Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C52588 - Antibacterial Agent > C280 - Antitubercular Agent D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D023303 - Oxazolidinones D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites D-Cycloserine is an antibiotic which targets sequential bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan biosynthesis enzymes. D-Cycloserine is a partial NMDA agonist that can improve cognitive functions. D-Cycloserine can be used for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis research[1][2]. D-Cycloserine is an antibiotic which targets sequential bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan biosynthesis enzymes. D-Cycloserine is a partial NMDA agonist that can improve cognitive functions. D-Cycloserine can be used for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis research[1][2].
Pivalic acid
A branched, short-chain fatty acid composed of propanoic acid having two methyl substituents at the 2-position.
METHYL ISOBUTYRATE
The fatty acid methyl ester of isobutyric acid.
(S)-2-methylbutyric acid
The (S)-enantiomer of 2-methylbutanoic acid.
Propyl acetate
An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of acetic acid with propanol.
L-Cycloserine
C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor L-Cycloserine ((S)-4-Amino-3-isoxazolidone) acts on Escherichia coli and various animal brains to irreversibly inhibit GABA 5'-pyridoxal phosphate aminotransferase. This effect is time-dependent, leading to Increased levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the body. L-Cycloserine ((S)-4-Amino-3-isoxazolidone) acts on Escherichia coli and various animal brains to irreversibly inhibit GABA 5'-pyridoxal phosphate aminotransferase. This effect is time-dependent, leading to Increased levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the body.
Poloxamer
D013501 - Surface-Active Agents > D011092 - Polyethylene Glycols D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002400 - Cathartics D001697 - Biomedical and Dental Materials D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents D004202 - Disinfectants
3-hydroxybut-3-enoic Acid
COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
gamma-Aminobutyrate
An gamma-amino acid anion resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group of gamma-aminobutyric acid.
1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane
D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D000777 - Anesthetics
LS-2386
Isovaleric acid is a natural fatty acid and known to effect on neonatal death and possible Jamaican vomiting sickness in human. Isovaleric acid is a natural fatty acid and known to effect on neonatal death and possible Jamaican vomiting sickness in human.
Homoserinium lactone
The conjugate acid of homoserine lactone; major species at pH 7.3.
L-homoserine lactone(1+)
An ammonium ion resulting from the protonation of the amino group of L-homoserine lactone. The major species at pH 7.3.
5-Ammoniopentanal
An ammonium ion derivative that is the conjugate acid of 5-aminopentanal, obtained by protonation of the amino group; major species at pH 7.3.
L-3-oxoalaninate
An L-amino acid anion, being the conjugate base of L-3-oxoalanine.
3-Aminobutyrate
A branched-chain amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of 3-aminobutyric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.
3-Aminoisobutyrate
A beta-amino acid anion that is the conjugate base of 3-aminoisobutyric acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.
alpha-Aminobutyrate
An alpha-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of alpha-aminobutyric acid.
2-Methylbutyric acid
A methylbutyric acid comprising a butyric acid core carrying a 2-methyl substituent. Produced from amino acid leucine during nutrient starvation in bacteria.
betaine aldehyde
A quaternary ammonium ion that is nitrogen substituted by three methyl groups and a 2-oxoethyl group. It is an intermediate in the metabolism of amino acids like glycine, serine and threonine. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
2-methyl-3-oxopropanoic acid
The 2-methyl-3-oxo derivative of propanoic acid.
(S)-methylmalonaldehydic acid
A 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoic acid that has S-configuration.
3-Amino-2-oxazolidinone
D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D023303 - Oxazolidinones
D-cycloserine zwitterion
A zwitterion resulting from the transfer of a proton from the ring nitrogen to the primary amino group of D-cycloserine. The major species at pH 7.3.
4-hydroxy-2-oxobutanal
A 2-oxo aldehyde that is 4-hydroxybutanal carrying an oxo group at position 2. It is a degradation product of vitamin C.
D-Cycloserine
A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has R configuration. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces garyphalus or S. orchidaceus and is used as part of a multi-drug regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis when resistance to, or toxicity from, primary drugs has developed. An analogue of D-alanine, it interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis in the cytoplasm by competitive inhibition of L-alanine racemase (which forms D-alanine from L-alanine) and D-alanine--D-alanine ligase (which incorporates D-alanine into the pentapeptide required for peptidoglycan formation and bacterial cell wall synthesis).
3-hydroxy-3-butenoic acid
A 3-hydroxymonocarboxylic acid that is the 3-hydroxy derivative of 3-butenoic acid.
5-hydroxypentan-2-one
A methyl ketone that is pentan-2-one carrying a hydroxy group at position 5.
2-Ethyl-1,3-dioxolane
{"Ingredient_id": "HBIN005602","Ingredient_name": "2-Ethyl-1,3-dioxolane","Alias": "NA","Ingredient_formula": "C5H10O2","Ingredient_Smile": "CCC1OCCO1","Ingredient_weight": "102.13 g/mol","OB_score": "NA","CAS_id": "NA","SymMap_id": "NA","TCMID_id": "40279","TCMSP_id": "NA","TCM_ID_id": "NA","PubChem_id": "17381","DrugBank_id": "NA"}
2- sixteen alkoxyethanols
{"Ingredient_id": "HBIN006814","Ingredient_name": "2- sixteen alkoxyethanols","Alias": "NA","Ingredient_formula": "C5H10O2","Ingredient_Smile": "C=CCOCCO","Ingredient_weight": "NA","OB_score": "NA","CAS_id": "NA","SymMap_id": "NA","TCMID_id": "33649","TCMSP_id": "NA","TCM_ID_id": "NA","PubChem_id": "NA","DrugBank_id": "NA"}