Classification Term: 219
Xanthenes (ontology term: CHEMONTID:0000200)
Polycyclic aromatic compounds containing a xanthene moiety, which consists of two benzene rings joined to each other by a pyran ring." [Wikipedia:Xanthene]
found 106 associated metabolites at family
metabolite taxonomy ontology rank level.
Ancestor: Dibenzopyrans
Child Taxonomies: Xanthones, Benzoxanthenes
Propantheline
Propantheline is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in rhinitis, in urinary incontinence, and in the treatment of ulcers. At high doses it has nicotinic effects resulting in neuromuscular blocking. [PubChem]The action of propantheline is achieved via a dual mechanism: (1) a specific anticholinergic effect (antimuscarinic) at the acetylcholine-receptor sites and (2) a direct effect upon smooth muscle (musculotropic). A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A03 - Drugs for functional gastrointestinal disorders > A03A - Drugs for functional gastrointestinal disorders > A03AB - Synthetic anticholinergics, quaternary ammonium compounds C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66880 - Anticholinergic Agent > C29704 - Antimuscarinic Agent D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018680 - Cholinergic Antagonists D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D000897 - Anti-Ulcer Agents
Methantheline
Methantheline is a synthetic antispasmodic. Antispasmodics are used to relieve cramps or spasms of the stomach, intestines, and bladder. Methantheline is used to treat intestine or stomach ulcers (peptic ulcer disease), intestine problems (irritable bowel syndrome), pancreatitis, gastritis, biliary dyskinesia, pylorosplasm, or urinary problems (reflex neurogenic bladder in children). A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A03 - Drugs for functional gastrointestinal disorders > A03A - Drugs for functional gastrointestinal disorders > A03AB - Synthetic anticholinergics, quaternary ammonium compounds C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66880 - Anticholinergic Agent > C29704 - Antimuscarinic Agent D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018680 - Cholinergic Antagonists
Euglobal Ia1
Euglobal Ia2 is a constituent of Eucalyptus globulus (tasmanian blue gum) Constituent of Eucalyptus globulus (Tasmanian blue gum).
Calcein AM
D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D049408 - Luminescent Agents D004396 - Coloring Agents > D005456 - Fluorescent Dyes > D005452 - Fluoresceins D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents
Fluo-3
D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D049408 - Luminescent Agents D004396 - Coloring Agents > D005456 - Fluorescent Dyes
Rose bengal sodium
Food dye. Rose Bengal (4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-2,4,5,7-tetraiodofluorescein) is a stain. Its sodium salt is commonly used in eye drops to stain damaged conjunctival and corneal cells and thereby identify damage to the eye. Food dye
Austalide A
Austalide A is a metabolite of Aspergillus ustu Metabolite of Aspergillus ustus.
Austalide C
Austalide C is a metabolite of Aspergillus ustus. Metabolite of Aspergillus ustus.
Austalide G
Austalide G is a mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus ustu Mycotoxin production by Aspergillus ustus.
Negletein 6-[rhamnosyl-(1->2)-fucoside]
Negletein 6-[rhamnosyl-(1->2)-fucoside] is found in herbs and spices. Negletein 6-[rhamnosyl-(1->2)-fucoside] is a constituent of oregano (Origanum vulgare)
Austalide I
Austalide I is a mycotoxin from the food storage mould (Aspergillus ustus Mycotoxin from the food storage mould (Aspergillus ustus).
Asticolorin B
Asticolorin B is a mycotoxin from Aspergillus multicolo
Austalide E
Austalide E is a metabolite of Aspergillus ustus. Metabolite of Aspergillus ustus.
Asticolorin C
Asticolorin C is a mycotoxin of Aspergillus multicolo
Austalide F
Austalide F is a mycotoxin of Aspergillus ustu Mycotoxin of Aspergillus ustus
Austalide D
Austalide D is a metabolite of Aspergillus ustu Metabolite of Aspergillus ustus.
Euglobal IIc
Euglobal IIc is a constituent of Eucalyptus globulus (Tasmanian blue gum)
Asticolorin A
Asticolorin A is a mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus multicolo
Austalide H
Austalide H is a mycotoxin of the food storage mould (Aspergillus ustus Mycotoxin of the food storage mould (Aspergillus ustus)
Austalide J
Austalide J is a mycotoxin of the food storage mould (Aspergillus ustus Mycotoxin of the food storage mould (Aspergillus ustus)
Fluorescein
A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium, such as the aqueous humor, and is used therapeutically as a diagnostic aid in corneal injuries and corneal trauma. It has been approved by FDA for use in externally applied drugs and cosmetics. (From Merck Index, 12th ed; American Medical Association Drug Evaluations; 1995, p2275) S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01J - Diagnostic agents > S01JA - Colouring agents D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D049408 - Luminescent Agents D004396 - Coloring Agents > D005456 - Fluorescent Dyes > D005452 - Fluoresceins
Erythrosine
Erythrosine is a dye used in food and feed additives. Prohibited in U.S.A. and Norway Erythrosine is a cherry-pink synthetic fluorone food coloring. It is the disodium salt of 2,4,5,7-tetraiodofluorescein. Its maximum absorbance is at 530 nm in an aqueous solution, and it is subject to photodegradation.[citation needed]; It is used as a food coloring, in printing inks, as a biological stain, a dental plaque disclosing agent and a radiopaque medium. It is commonly used in sweets and foods marketed to children such as cake icing and cake-decorating gels. It is also used to color pistachio shells. While commonly used in most countries of the world, erythrosine is rarely used in the United States due to its known hazards, with Allura Red AC (Red #40) being generally used instead. However, Allura Red AC is banned in many European countries because it is an azo dye, despite the fact that it has fewer known health risks than Erythrosine D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D049408 - Luminescent Agents D004396 - Coloring Agents > D005456 - Fluorescent Dyes > D005452 - Fluoresceins Dye used in food and feed additives. Prohibited in U.S.A. and Norway [DFC]
Rhodamine B
Rhodamine B (RhB), also known as rhodamine 610 chloride (CAS: 81-88-9), belongs to the class of organic compounds known as xanthenes. These are polycyclic aromatic compounds containing a xanthene moiety, which consists of two benzene rings joined to each other by a pyran ring. Rhodamine B is a highly-soluble, basic, red, synthetic dye that is widely used in many industries (e.g. paper, plastic, textiles, ceramics, cosmetics). In the past, it was used extensively as a low-cost food colourant (e.g. in paprika- and chilli-containing foods) but it has since been prohibited for use as a food additive due to its carcinogenicity, reproductive and developmental toxicity, and neurotoxicity (PMID: 30463493). Due to its photostability and solubility, rhodamine B is also used as a fluorescent dye to stain biological tissues (PMID: 28957318). Rhodamine B /ˈroʊdəmiːn/ is a chemical compound and a dye. It is often used as a tracer dye within water to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. Rhodamine dyes fluoresce and can thus be detected easily and inexpensively with fluorometers. Rhodamine B is used in biology as a staining fluorescent dye, sometimes in combination with auramine O, as the auramine-rhodamine stain to demonstrate acid-fast organisms, notably Mycobacterium. Rhodamine dyes are also used extensively in biotechnology applications such as fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and ELISA.[citation needed] Rhodamine B is often mixed with herbicides to show where they have been used.[2] It is also being tested for use as a biomarker in oral rabies vaccines for wildlife, such as raccoons, to identify animals that have eaten a vaccine bait. The rhodamine is incorporated into the animal's whiskers and teeth.[3] Rhodamine B is an important hydrophilic xanthene dye well known for its stability and is widely used in the textile industry, leather, paper printing, paint, coloured glass and plastic industries.[4] Rhodamine B (BV10) is mixed with quinacridone magenta (PR122) to make the bright pink watercolor known as Opera Rose.[5] Rhodamine B can exist in equilibrium between two forms: an "open"/fluorescent form and a "closed"/nonfluorescent spirolactone form. The "open" form dominates in acidic condition while the "closed" form is colorless in basic condition.[6] The fluorescence intensity of rhodamine B will decrease as temperature increases.[7] The solubility of rhodamine B in water varies by manufacturer, and has been reported as 8 g/L and ~15 g/L,[1] while solubility in alcohol (presumably ethanol) has been reported as 15 g/L.[nt 1] Chlorinated tap water decomposes rhodamine B. Rhodamine B solutions adsorb to plastics and should be kept in glass.[8] Rhodamine B is tunable around 610 nm when used as a laser dye.[9] Its luminescence quantum yield is 0.65 in basic ethanol,[10] 0.49 in ethanol,[11] 1.0,[12] and 0.68 in 94\% ethanol.[13] The fluorescence yield is temperature dependent;[14] the compound is fluxional in that its excitability is in thermal equilibrium at room temperature.[15] In California, rhodamine B is suspected to be carcinogenic and thus products containing it must contain a warning on its label.[16] Cases of economically motivated adulteration, where it has been illegally used to impart a red color to chili powder, have come to the attention of food safety regulators.[17]
Sulforhodamine B
Sulforhodamine B is a food dye Sulforhodamine B or kiton red (C27H30N2O7S2) is a fluorescent dye with uses spanning from laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) to the quantification of cellular proteins of cultured cells. The red, solid, water-soluble dye is primarily used as a polar tracer D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D049408 - Luminescent Agents D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D012235 - Rhodamines D004396 - Coloring Agents > D005456 - Fluorescent Dyes Food dye
Rose bengal
Rose bengal is a food colourant; no longer FDA permitted Rose Bengal (4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-2,4,5,7-tetraiodofluorescein) is a stain. Its sodium salt is commonly used in eye drops to stain damaged conjunctival and corneal cells and thereby identify damage to the eye Food colourant; no longer FDA permitted
(2,5-Dihydroxypyrrol-1-yl) 3',6'-dihydroxy-1-oxospiro[2-benzofuran-3,9'-xanthene]-5-carboxylate
(2,5-Dihydroxypyrrol-1-yl) 3',6'-dihydroxy-3-oxospiro[2-benzofuran-1,9'-xanthene]-4-carboxylate
BCECF-acetoxymethyl
D004396 - Coloring Agents > D005456 - Fluorescent Dyes > D005452 - Fluoresceins
6-CFDA N-succinimidyl ester
D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D049408 - Luminescent Agents D004396 - Coloring Agents > D005456 - Fluorescent Dyes > D005452 - Fluoresceins
5-Carboxytetramethylrhodamine succinimidyl ester
D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D012235 - Rhodamines
2',7'-Bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-6-carboxyfluorescein
2',7'-Bis(carboxyethyl)-5,6-carboxyfluorescein
2-[(1s,2s)-2-Carboxycyclopropyl]-3-(9h-Xanthen-9-Yl)-D-Alanine
D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018683 - Excitatory Amino Acid Agents > D018691 - Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists
Diacetyldichlorofluorescein
D004396 - Coloring Agents > D005456 - Fluorescent Dyes > D005452 - Fluoresceins
3',6'-Dihydroxy-6-isothiocyanatospiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthen]-3-one
Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate
D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D049408 - Luminescent Agents D004396 - Coloring Agents > D005456 - Fluorescent Dyes > D005452 - Fluoresceins
Benzoic acid, 2-[3,6-bis(acetyloxy)-2,7-dichloro-9H-xanthen-9-yl]-
D004396 - Coloring Agents > D005456 - Fluorescent Dyes > D005452 - Fluoresceins
5-Aminofluorescein
D004396 - Coloring Agents > D005456 - Fluorescent Dyes > D005452 - Fluoresceins
5-Carboxyfluorescein
D004396 - Coloring Agents > D005456 - Fluorescent Dyes > D005452 - Fluoresceins
5-Carboxyfluorescein diacetate
D004396 - Coloring Agents > D005456 - Fluorescent Dyes > D005452 - Fluoresceins
5-Chloromethylfluorescein diacetate
D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D049408 - Luminescent Agents D004396 - Coloring Agents > D005456 - Fluorescent Dyes > D005452 - Fluoresceins
2-(3,6,9-Trihydroxy-4-amino-9H-xanthene-9-yl)benzoic acid gamma-lactone
5-Iodoacetamidofluorescein
D004396 - Coloring Agents > D005456 - Fluorescent Dyes > D005452 - Fluoresceins
6-Carboxy-X-rhodamine
D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D012235 - Rhodamines
6-Carboxyfluorescein diacetate
D004396 - Coloring Agents > D005456 - Fluorescent Dyes > D005452 - Fluoresceins
Tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate
D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D049408 - Luminescent Agents D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D012235 - Rhodamines D004396 - Coloring Agents > D005456 - Fluorescent Dyes
6-Carboxyfluorescein N-succinimidyl ester
5-Hexadecanoylaminofluorescein
D004396 - Coloring Agents > D005456 - Fluorescent Dyes > D005452 - Fluoresceins
Calcein-AM
Calcium orange
Carboxyfluorescein diacetate
Chemodosimeter
4,5-Diaminofluorescein diacetate
4-Amino-5-methylamino-2',7'-difluorescein
Daf-FM DA
O-Benzylfluorescein benzyl ester
D004396 - Coloring Agents > D005456 - Fluorescent Dyes > D005452 - Fluoresceins
dichlorodihydrofluorescein
Dichlorofluorescein diacetate
Dichlorofluorescin
D004396 - Coloring Agents > D005456 - Fluorescent Dyes > D005452 - Fluoresceins
Dihydrorhodamine 123
D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D012235 - Rhodamines
5-(4,6-Dichlorotriazinyl)aminofluorescein
Fluo 3-AM
Fluo-4 am
Fluo-5F
Fluorescein diacetate
D004396 - Coloring Agents > D005456 - Fluorescent Dyes > D005452 - Fluoresceins
Fluorescein dilaurate
D004396 - Coloring Agents > D005456 - Fluorescent Dyes > D005452 - Fluoresceins D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents
Fluorescein thiohydantoin
Fluorescein 5-maleimide
Fluoresceine isothiocyanate
sauchinone
3',6'-Diacetyloxy-3-oxospiro[2-benzofuran-1,9'-xanthene]-4-carboxylic acid
7,7a-Dichloro-3',6'-dihydroxyspiro[7H-2-benzofuran-3,9'-xanthene]-1-one
3',6'-Dihydroxy-4,5-diaminospiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthene]-3-one
(6'-Acetyloxy-4,5-diamino-3-oxospiro[2-benzofuran-1,9'-xanthene]-3'-yl) acetate
2 Inverted exclamation marka,7 inverted exclamation marka-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate
2-(4-Carboxy-3',6'-dihydroxy-3-oxospiro[2-benzofuran-1,9'-xanthene]-5-yl)-2-methylpropanedioic acid
(6'-Hydroxy-3-oxospiro[2-benzofuran-1,9'-xanthene]-3'-yl) acetate
6,7-Dichloro-3',6'-dihydroxyspiro[2-benzofuran-3,9'-xanthene]-1-one
(6'-Acetyloxy-4,5-dichloro-3-oxospiro[2-benzofuran-1,9'-xanthene]-3'-yl) acetate
(6'-Acetyloxy-3a,4-dichloro-3-oxospiro[4H-2-benzofuran-1,9'-xanthene]-3'-yl) acetate
4,5-Diacetyl-6,7-dichloro-3',6'-dihydroxyspiro[2-benzofuran-3,9'-xanthene]-1-one
Secalonic acid A
sparstolonin B
Stachyflin
Sulforhodamine 101
Tetramethylrhodamine
D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D049408 - Luminescent Agents D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D012235 - Rhodamines D004396 - Coloring Agents > D005456 - Fluorescent Dyes
4-[(2-{Bis[(pyridin-2-YL)methyl]amino}ethyl)amino]-2-(6-hydroxy-3-oxo-3H-xanthen-9-YL)benzoic acid
C.I. Pigment Red 172
Former food dye prohibited from use in foods