Classification Term: 169958
Cholesterols (ontology term: 2cdf0d62dd9a74c33fe15299d7843b08)
found 149 associated metabolites at sub_class metabolite taxonomy ontology rank level.
Ancestor: Sterols
Child Taxonomies: There is no child term of current ontology term.
24,25-Dihydrolanosterol
24,25-dihydrolanosterol is a 3beta-sterol formed from lanosterol by reduction across the C-24-C-25 double bond. It has a role as a human metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a 3beta-sterol and a tetracyclic triterpenoid. It is functionally related to a lanosterol. 24,25-Dihydrolanosterol is a natural product found in Euphorbia sapinii, Heterobasidion annosum, and other organisms with data available. 24,25-dihydrolanosterol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 24,25-Dihydrolanosterol is involved in the biosynthesis of steriods. 24,25-Dihydrolanosterol is reversibly converted to lanosterol by delta24-sterol reductase [EC:1.3.1.72]. A 3beta-sterol formed from lanosterol by reduction across the C-24-C-25 double bond. 24,25-Dihydrolanosterol (Lanostenol) is a component of the seeds of red pepper (Capsicum annuum)[1].
Cholestenone
Cholestenone belongs to the class of organic compounds known as cholesterols and derivatives. Cholesterols and derivatives are compounds containing a 3-hydroxylated cholestane core. Thus, cholestenone is considered to be a sterol lipid molecule. Cholestenone is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Cholestenone is a dehydrocholestanone. It is a product of cholesterol oxidase {EC 1.1.3.6] in the Bile acid biosynthesis pathway (KEGG). [HMDB] Cholestenone (4-Cholesten-3-one), the intermediate oxidation product of cholesterol, is metabolized primarily in the liver. Cholestenone is highly mobile in membranes and influences cholesterol flip-flop and efflux. Cholestenone may cause long-term functional defects in cells[1][2]. Cholestenone (4-Cholesten-3-one), the intermediate oxidation product of cholesterol, is metabolized primarily in the liver. Cholestenone is highly mobile in membranes and influences cholesterol flip-flop and efflux. Cholestenone may cause long-term functional defects in cells[1][2].
Cholesterol
Cholesterol is a sterol (a combination steroid and alcohol) and a lipid found in the cell membranes of all body tissues and transported in the blood plasma of all animals. The name originates from the Greek chole- (bile) and stereos (solid), and the chemical suffix -ol for an alcohol. This is because researchers first identified cholesterol in solid form in gallstones in 1784. In the body, cholesterol can exist in either the free form or as an ester with a single fatty acid (of 10-20 carbons in length) covalently attached to the hydroxyl group at position 3 of the cholesterol ring. Due to the mechanism of synthesis, plasma cholesterol esters tend to contain relatively high proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Most of the cholesterol consumed as a dietary lipid exists as cholesterol esters. Cholesterol esters have a lower solubility in water than cholesterol and are more hydrophobic. They are hydrolyzed by the pancreatic enzyme cholesterol esterase to produce cholesterol and free fatty acids. Cholesterol has vital structural roles in membranes and in lipid metabolism in general. It is a biosynthetic precursor of bile acids, vitamin D, and steroid hormones (glucocorticoids, estrogens, progesterones, androgens and aldosterone). In addition, it contributes to the development and functioning of the central nervous system, and it has major functions in signal transduction and sperm development. Cholesterol is a ubiquitous component of all animal tissues where much of it is located in the membranes, although it is not evenly distributed. The highest proportion of unesterified cholesterol is in the plasma membrane (roughly 30-50\\\\% of the lipid in the membrane or 60-80\\\\% of the cholesterol in the cell), while mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum have very low cholesterol contents. Cholesterol is also enriched in early and recycling endosomes, but not in late endosomes. The brain contains more cholesterol than any other organ where it comprises roughly a quarter of the total free cholesterol in the human body. Of all the organic constituents of blood, only glucose is present in a higher molar concentration than cholesterol. Cholesterol esters appear to be the preferred form for transport in plasma and as a biologically inert storage (de-toxified) form. They do not contribute to membranes but are packed into intracellular lipid particles. Cholesterol molecules (i.e. cholesterol esters) are transported throughout the body via lipoprotein particles. The largest lipoproteins, which primarily transport fats from the intestinal mucosa to the liver, are called chylomicrons. They carry mostly triglyceride fats and cholesterol that are from food, especially internal cholesterol secreted by the liver into the bile. In the liver, chylomicron particles give up triglycerides and some cholesterol. They are then converted into low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, which carry triglycerides and cholesterol on to other body cells. In healthy individuals, the LDL particles are large and relatively few in number. In contrast, large numbers of small LDL particles are strongly associated with promoting atheromatous disease within the arteries. (Lack of information on LDL particle number and size is one of the major problems of conventional lipid tests.). In conditions with elevated concentrations of oxidized LDL particles, especially small LDL particles, cholesterol promotes atheroma plaque deposits in the walls of arteries, a condition known as atherosclerosis, which is a major contributor to coronary heart disease and other forms of cardiovascular disease. There is a worldwide trend to believe that lower total cholesterol levels tend to correlate with lower atherosclerosis event rates (though some studies refute this idea). As a result, cholesterol has become a very large focus for the scientific community trying to determine the proper amount of cholesterol needed in a healthy diet. However, the primary association of atherosclerosis with c... Constituent either free or as esters, of fish liver oils, lard, dairy fats, egg yolk and bran Cholesterol is the major sterol in mammals. It is making up 20-25\\% of structural component of the plasma membrane. Plasma membranes are highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of the membrane as well as the function of both the transporters and signaling proteins[1][2]. Cholesterol is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) agonist[3]. Cholesterol is the major sterol in mammals. It is making up 20-25\% of structural component of the plasma membrane. Plasma membranes are highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of the membrane as well as the function of both the transporters and signaling proteins[1][2]. Cholesterol is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) agonist[3].
Lanosterol
Lanosterol, also known as lanosterin, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as triterpenoids. These are terpene molecules containing six isoprene units. Thus, lanosterol is considered to be a sterol lipid molecule. Lanosterol is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. Lanosterol is biochemically synthesized starting from acetyl-CoA by the HMG-CoA reductase pathway. The critical step is the enzymatic conversion of the acyclic terpene squalene to the polycylic lanosterol via 2,3-squalene oxide. Constituent of wool fat used e.g. as chewing-gum softenerand is) also from yeast COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
7-Dehydrocholesterol
7-Dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC), also known as provitamin D3 or 5,7-cholestadien-3-b-ol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as cholesterols and derivatives. Cholesterols and derivatives are compounds containing a 3-hydroxylated cholestane core. Thus, 7-dehydrocholesterol is also classified as a sterol. 7-Dehydrocholesterol is known as a zoosterol, meaning that it is a sterol isolated from animals (to distinguish those sterols isolated from plants which are called phytosterols). 7-DHC functions in the serum as a cholesterol precursor and is photochemically converted to vitamin D3 in the skin. Therefore 7-DHC functions as provitamin-D3. The presence of 7-DHC in human skin enables humans and other mammals to manufacture vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) from ultraviolet rays in the sun light, via an intermediate isomer pre-vitamin D3. 7-DHC absorbs UV light most effectively at wavelengths between 290 and 320 nm and, thus, the production of vitamin D3 will occur primarily at those wavelengths (PMID: 9625080). The two most important factors that govern the generation of pre-vitamin D3 are the quantity (intensity) and quality (appropriate wavelength) of the UVB irradiation reaching the 7-dehydrocholesterol deep in the stratum basale and stratum spinosum (PMID: 9625080). 7-DHC is also found in the milk of several mammalian species, including cows (PMID: 10999630; PMID: 225459). It was discovered by Nobel-laureate organic chemist Adolf Windaus. 7-DHC can be produced by animals and plants via different pathways (PMID: 23717318). It is not produced by fungi in significant amounts. 7-DHC is made by some algae and can also be produced by some bacteria. 7-Dehydrocholesterol is a zoosterol (a sterol produced by animals rather than plants). It is a provitamin-D. The presence of this compound in skin enables humans to manufacture vitamin D3 from ultra-violet rays in the sun light, via an intermediate isomer provitamin D3. It is also found in breast milk. [HMDB] D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins > D000072664 - Provitamins 7-Dehydrocholesterol is biosynthetic precursor of cholesterol and vitamin D3. 7-Dehydrocholesterol is biosynthetic precursor of cholesterol and vitamin D3.
Lathosterol
Lathosterol is a a sterol (a combination steroid and alcohol) and a lipid found in the cell membranes of all body tissues, and transported in the blood plasma of all animals. It is used as an indicator of whole-body cholesterol synthesis (PMID 14511438). Plasma lathosterol levels are significantly elevated in patients with bile acid malabsorption (PMID: 8777839). Lathosterol oxidase (EC 1.14.21.6) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 cholesta-5,7-dien-3beta-ol + NAD(P)+ + 2 H2O [HMDB] Lathosterol is a a sterol (a combination steroid and alcohol) and a lipid found in the cell membranes of all body tissues, and transported in the blood plasma of all animals. It is used as an indicator of whole-body cholesterol synthesis (PMID 14511438). Plasma lathosterol levels are significantly elevated in patients with bile acid malabsorption (PMID:8777839). Lathosterol oxidase (EC 1.14.21.6) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 cholesta-5,7-dien-3beta-ol + NAD(P)+ + 2 H2O. Lathosterol is a cholesterol-like molecule. Serum Lathosterol concentration is an indicator of whole-body cholesterol synthesis. Lathosterol is a cholesterol-like molecule. Serum Lathosterol concentration is an indicator of whole-body cholesterol synthesis.
Desmosterol
Desmosterol is an intermediate in the synthesis of cholesterol. Desmosterolosis is a rare autosomal recessive inborn errors of cholesterol synthesis that is caused by defective activity of desmosterol reductase which results in an accumulation of demosterol (DHCR24, EC 1.3.1.72), combines a severe osteosclerotic skeletal dysplasia and includes 2-3 toe syndactyly with Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS; the biochemical block in SLOS results in decreased cholesterol levels and increased 7-dehydrocholesterol levels). Desmosterolosis is caused by mutation of the 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase gene (DHCR24). Many of the malformations in SLOS and desmosterolosis are consistent with impaired hedgehog function. The hedgehog proteins include Sonic hedgehog (SHH), which plays a major role in midline patterning and limb development. Desmosterolosis, caused by defective activity of desmosterol reductase, combines a severe osteosclerotic skeletal dysplasia. 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7, EC 1.3.1.21) reduces the C7-C8 double bond in the sterol B ring to form cholesterol or desmosterol depending upon the precursor. Desmosterol can be converted to cholesterol by DHCR24. Therefore, SLOS and Desmosterolosis patients invariably have elevated levels of cholesterol precursors 7-dehydrocholesterol (and its spontaneous isomer 8-dehydrocholesterol) and absent desmosterol. (PMID: 14631207, 16207203). Desmosterol is found in many foods, some of which are fig, sago palm, mexican groundcherry, and pepper (c. frutescens). Desmosterol is an intermediate in the synthesis of cholesterol. Desmosterolosis is a rare autosomal recessive inborn errors of cholesterol synthesis that is caused by defective activity of desmosterol reductase which results in an accumulation of demosterol (DHCR24, EC 1.3.1.72), combines a severe osteosclerotic skeletal dysplasia and includes 2-3 toe syndactyly with Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS; the biochemical block in SLOS results in decreased cholesterol levels and increased 7-dehydrocholesterol levels). Desmosterolosis is caused by mutation of the 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase gene (DHCR24). Many of the malformations in SLOS and desmosterolosis are consistent with impaired hedgehog function. The hedgehog proteins include Sonic hedgehog (SHH), which plays a major role in midline patterning and limb development. Desmosterolosis, caused by defective activity of desmosterol reductase, combines a severe osteosclerotic skeletal dysplasia. 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7, EC 1.3.1.21) reduces the C7-C8 double bond in the sterol B ring to form cholesterol or desmosterol depending upon the precursor. Desmosterol can be converted to cholesterol by DHCR24. Therefore, SLOS and Desmosterolosis patients invariably have elevated levels of cholesterol precursors 7-dehydrocholesterol (and its spontaneous isomer 8-dehydrocholesterol) and absent desmosterol. (PMID: 14631207, 16207203). Desmosterol is a molecule similar to cholesterol. Desmosterol is the immediate precursor of cholesterol in the Bloch pathway of cholesterol biosynthesis. Desmosterol, as an endogenous metabolite, used to study cholesterol metabolism[1]. Desmosterol is a molecule similar to cholesterol. Desmosterol is the immediate precursor of cholesterol in the Bloch pathway of cholesterol biosynthesis. Desmosterol, as an endogenous metabolite, used to study cholesterol metabolism[1].
3-beta-Hydroxy-4-beta-methyl-5-alpha-cholest-7-ene-4-alpha-carboxylate
3-beta-Hydroxy-4-beta-methyl-5-alpha-cholest-7-ene-4-alpha-carboxylate is a steroid biosynthesis intermediate. It is a substrate for sterol-4-alpha-carboxylate 3-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.170) and participates in the following reaction: 3beta-hydroxy-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholest-7-ene-4alpha-carboxylate + NAD(P)+ = 4alpha-methyl-5alpha-cholest-7-en-3-one + CO2 + NAD(P)H. It is also produced by methylsterol hydroxylase. It participates in the following reaction: 3beta-hydroxy-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholest-7-ene-4alpha-carbaldehyde + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = 3beta-hydroxy-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholest-7-ene-4alpha-carboxylate + NAD(P)+ + H2O [HMDB] 3-beta-Hydroxy-4-beta-methyl-5-alpha-cholest-7-ene-4-alpha-carboxylate is a steroid biosynthesis intermediate. It is a substrate for sterol-4-alpha-carboxylate 3-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.170) and participates in the following reaction: 3beta-hydroxy-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholest-7-ene-4alpha-carboxylate + NAD(P)+ = 4alpha-methyl-5alpha-cholest-7-en-3-one + CO2 + NAD(P)H. It is also produced by methylsterol hydroxylase. It participates in the following reaction: 3beta-hydroxy-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholest-7-ene-4alpha-carbaldehyde + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = 3beta-hydroxy-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholest-7-ene-4alpha-carboxylate + NAD(P)+ + H2O.
4alpha-Methylzymosterol
4alpha-Methylzymosterol belongs to the class of organic compounds known as cholesterols and derivatives. Cholesterols and derivatives are compounds containing a 3-hydroxylated cholestane core. Thus, 4alpha-methylzymosterol is considered to be a sterol lipid molecule. 4alpha-Methylzymosterol is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. Outside of the human body, 4alpha-methylzymosterol has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as redcurrants, sunflowers, robusta coffees, white mustards, and sesbania flowers. This could make 4alpha-methylzymosterol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. 4alpha-Methylzymosterol is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of steroids. It is the seventh to last step in the synthesis of vitamin D2 and is converted from 3-keto-4-methylzymosterol via the enzyme 3-keto steroid reductase (EC 1.1.1.270). It is then converted into zymosterol. 4a-Methylzymosterol is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of steroids (KEGG ID C05103). It is the 7th to last step in the synthesis of vitamin D2 and is converted from 3-keto-4-methtylzymosterol via the enzyme 3-keto steroid reductase [EC:1.1.1.270]. It is then converted to zymosterol. (KEGG) [HMDB]
Cholest-5-ene
Cholestenes are derivatives of cholestanes which have a double bond. One of the most significant cholestenes is cholecalciferol. If there are two double bonds, the molecule is known as a "cholestadienes". Examples include fusidic acid, lanosterol, and stigmasterol.--Wikipedia. Cholestenes are derivatives of cholestanes which have a double bond. One of the most significant cholestenes is cholecalciferol.
27-Hydroxycholesterol
Squalamine
C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C1742 - Angiogenesis Inhibitor > C2143 - Endothelial Cell Inhibitor D006133 - Growth Substances > D043924 - Angiogenesis Modulating Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D020533 - Angiogenesis Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents D020011 - Protective Agents > D016588 - Anticarcinogenic Agents D006133 - Growth Substances > D006131 - Growth Inhibitors
Cholesterol sulfate
Cholesterol sulfate, or cholest-5-en-3beta-ol sulfate, is an endogenous steroid and the C3beta sulfate ester of cholesterol. It is formed from cholesterol by steroid sulfotransferases (SSTs) such as SULT2B1b (also known as cholesterol sulfotransferase) and is converted back into cholesterol by steroid sulfatase (STS). Accumulation of cholesterol sulfate in the skin is implicated in the pathophysiology of X-linked ichthyosis, a congenital disorder in which STS is non-functional and the body cannot convert cholesterol sulfate back into cholesterol. Cholesterol sulfate is quantitatively the most important known sterol sulfate in human plasma, where it is present in a concentration that overlaps that of the other abundant circulating steroid sulfate, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) sulfate (PMID 12730293). Cholesterol sulfate has a stabilizing function on the membrane, supports platelet adhesion and is involved in signal transduction (PMID 12730293). It plays a role in protecting erythrocytes from osmotic lysis and regulating sperm capacitation. Cholesterol sulfate can regulate the activity of serine proteases, e.g., those involved in blood clotting, fibrinolysis, and epidermal cell adhesion (PMID 12730293). As a result of its ability to regulate the activity of selective protein kinase C isoforms and modulate the specificity of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, cholesterol sulfate is involved in signal transduction (PMID 12730293). Cholesterol sulfate functions in keratinocyte differentiation, inducing genes that encode for key components involved in development of the barrier (PMID 12730293). Cholesterol sulfate is a sterol sulfate in human plasma. It is a component of cell membrane and has a regulatory function. It has a stabilizing function on the membrane, supports platelet adhesion and involves in signal transduction. (PMID 12730293) [HMDB] D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011480 - Protease Inhibitors > D015842 - Serine Proteinase Inhibitors D020011 - Protective Agents > D016588 - Anticarcinogenic Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents
27-Hydroxycholesterol
27-Hydroxycholesterol (27-HC), also known as (25R)-cholest-5-ene-3β,26-diol or by its conventional name 26-hydroxycholesterol, is an oxygenated derivative of cholesterol and a major oxysterol in circulation (PMID: 7749852). 27-Hydroxycholesterol is the product of the enzyme sterol 27-hydroxylase. The enzyme is critical for the degradation of the steroid side-chain and a genetic deficiency of the enzyme leads to reduced formation of bile acids in humans. There is a correlation between 27-hydroxycholesterol and cholesterol in the circulation, and females have lower levels of 27-hydroxycholesterol than males. A strong correlation is observed between circulating levels of 27-hydroxycholesterol and cholesterol, in both healthy subjects and subjects with hypercholesterolemia and documented atherosclerosis. 27-Hydroxycholesterol is metabolized by an oxysterol 7alpha-hydroxylase in the liver. Changes in the activity of this enzyme may lead to the accumulation of 27-hydroxycholesterol in the circulation. It has been reported that patients with a genetic deficiency of oxysterol 7alpha-hydroxylase in the liver had markedly increased levels of 27-hydroxycholesterol in the circulation. However, under normal conditions and in the absence of liver or kidney disease, changes in the levels of 27-hydroxycholesterol in the circulation are likely to be caused by changes in the rate of synthesis of these steroids rather than by the rate of metabolism. There are three possible explanations for the high concentrations of 27-hydroxycholesterol found in the circulation of three subjects with atherosclerosis: (1) increased expression of sterol 27-hydroxylase owing to a genetic factor or some other factor completely unrelated to atherosclerosis, (2) the extrahepatic sterol 27-hydroxylase may be up-regulated by circulating factors (e.g. cytokines) that are directly or indirectly related to the development of atherosclerosis, and (3) the high amounts of cholesterol accumulating in macrophages in some patients with atherosclerosis may result in an increased flux of 27-hydroxycholesterol from the macrophages to the circulation. Since there is a close relation between levels of cholesterol and 27-hydroxycholesterol in the circulation, the possibility must be considered that the flux of 27-hydroxycholesterol into the brain may be part of the yet unexplained link between hypercholesterolemia and Alzheimers disease. 27-Hydroxysterol is the most dominant oxysterol in human atheromas where it may reflect a mechanism for eliminating excessive cholesterol, and thus have a protective role. Hypercholesterolemia and chronic low-grade immunological activation are pivotal in the development of atherosclerosis. However, the interconnections between these two factors are not well known. The CD40 system, as measured by the plasma level of soluble CD40 (sCD40), is associated with cholesterol metabolism in hypercholesterolemic patients. When combined, a decreased cholesterol synthesis rate and increased levels of 27-hydroxycholesterol may be a consequence of high levels of cellular cholesterol, and therefore be related to sCD40. However, sCD40 had no significant correlation with total plasma cholesterol. This suggests that the cellular cholesterol synthesis rate and 27-hydroxycholesterol production are more importantly linked with the plasma levels of sCD40 than total cholesterol (PMID: 16081359, 17012138, 11504730, 9144161). 27-hydroxycholesterol is an oxygenated derivative of cholesterol and a major oxysterol in circulation. 27-hydroxycholesterol is the product of the enzyme sterol 27-hydroxylase. The enzyme is critical for degradation of the steroid side-chain and a genetic deficiency of the enzyme leads to reduced formation of bile acids in humans. There is a correlation between 27-hydroxycholesterol and cholesterol in the circulation, and females have lower levels of 27-hydroxycholesterol than males. A strong correlation is observed between circulating levels of 27-hydroxycholesterol and cholesterol, in both healthy subjects and subjects with hypercholesterolemia and documented atherosclerosis. 27-hydroxycholesterol is metabolized by an oxysterol 7a-hydroxylase in the liver, and changes in the activity of this enzyme may lead to accumulation of 27-hydroxycholesterol in the circulation. It has been reported that patients with a genetic deficiency of oxysterol 7a-hydroxylase in the liver had markedly increased levels of 27-hydroxycholesterol in the circulation. Under normal conditions, however, and in the absence of liver or kidney disease, changes in the levels of 27-hydroxycholesterol in the circulation are likely to be caused by changes in the rate of synthesis of these steroids rather than by the rate of metabolism. Three possible explanations for the high concentrations of 27-hydroxycholesterol found in the circulation of the three subjects with atherosclerosis could be: 1) Increased expression of sterol 27-hydroxylase owing to a genetic factor or some other factor completely unrelated to atherosclerosis. 2) The extrahepatic sterol 27-hydroxylase may be up-regulated by circulating factors (e.g. cytokines) that are directly or indirectly related to the development of atherosclerosis. 3) The high amounts of cholesterol accumulating in macrophages in some patients with atherosclerosis may result in increased flux of 27-hydroxycholesterol from the macrophages to the circulation. (25R)-cholest-5-ene-3beta,26-diol is a 26-hydroxycholesterol in which the 25-position has R-configuration. It has a role as an apoptosis inducer, a neuroprotective agent, a human metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is functionally related to a cholesterol. 27-Hydroxycholesterol is an endogenous metabolite of cholesterol produced by the hydroxylation of the carbon at position 27 by the enzyme sterol 26-hydroxylase, mitochondrial (CYP27A1). Some neoplasms produce excess of 27-hydroxycholesterol (27HC) or inhibit its catabolism, and high cholesterol levels are correlated with elevated levels of 27HC; under these conditions, 27HC may have deleterious selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) and liver X receptor (LXR) agonistic activities. As a SERM, 27HC binds to and prevents the activation of estrogen receptors (ERs) in the vasculature. This prevents ER-mediated vasodilation and abrogates the cardiovascular protective effects of estrogen. However, 27HC binds to and activates ERs and LXRs in breast tissue, which stimulates ER-dependent breast cancer cell growth and metastasis. 27-Hydroxycholesterol (27-OHC) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator and an agonist of the liver X receptor. 27-Hydroxycholesterol is a selective estrogen receptor modulator and an agonist of the liver X receptor.
5alpha-Cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol
5alpha-Cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol belongs to the class of organic compounds known as cholesterols and derivatives. Cholesterols and derivatives are compounds containing a 3-hydroxylated cholestane core. Thus, 5alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol is considered to be a sterol lipid molecule. 5alpha-Cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol is involved in the biosynthesis of steroids. 5alpha-Cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol is reversibly converted into 5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol by delta24-sterol reductase (EC 1.3.1.72). 5alpha-Cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol is also converted into zymosterol by cholestenol delta-isomerase (EC 5.3.3.5). 5alpha-Cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol is also converted into 7-Dehydrodesmosterol. 5alpha-Cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol is a substrate for 3-beta-hydroxysteroid-delta(8),delta(7)-isomerase. 5alpha-Cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol is involved in the biosynthesis of steroids. 5alpha-Cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol is reversibly converted to 5alpha-Cholest-7-en-3beta-ol by delta24-sterol reductase [EC:1.3.1.72]. 5alpha-Cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol is also converted to zymosterol by cholestenol delta-isomerase [EC:5.3.3.5]. 5alpha-Cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol is also converted to 7-Dehydrodesmosterol. 5a-Cholesta-7,24-dien-3b-ol is a substrate for 3-beta-hydroxysteroid-delta(8),delta(7)-isomerase. [HMDB]
Doristerol
Doristerol is found in root vegetables. Doristerol is a constituent of Dioscorea batatas (Chinese yam) Constituent of Dioscorea batatas (Chinese yam). Doristerol is found in root vegetables.
Cholesteryl acetate
Cholesteryl acetate is a normal human cholesteryl ester present in diverse fluids and organs. Cholesteryl acetate is also present in foods. Food oxidation affects the quality and safety of the human diet by generating compounds with biological activities that can adversely affect health. In particular the susceptibility of cholesterol to oxidation is well known; certain products of cholesterol oxidation have been reported to produce cytotoxic, angiotoxic and carcinogenic effects. Cholesteryl ester (CE) is the major transport and storage form of cholesterol in lipoprotein particles and most cell types. Molecular composition of CE species is of high interest for arteriosclerosis research, i.e., as components of lipoprotein subclasses or in studies investigating the mechanisms involved in the generation of lipid laden foam cells. Thus, it has been shown that CE species in circulating plasma are strongly correlated with development of coronary heart disease. This may be related to specific CE species profiles generated by enzymes involved in lipoprotein metabolism like lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.43, LCAT), acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 2 (EC 2.3.1.26, ACAT2) or cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP). The cholesteryl ester transfer protein has a key role in the metabolism of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), mediating the exchange of lipids between lipoproteins, resulting in the net transfer of cholesteryl ester from HDL to other lipoproteins and in the subsequent uptake of cholesterol by hepatocytes. By increasing the cholesteryl ester content of low-density and very-low-density lipoproteins, CETP promotes the atherogenicity of these lipoproteins. In addition, high plasma concentrations of CETP are associated with reduced concentrations of HDL cholesterol. (PMID: 10918380, 16458590, 9420339, 3343104, 6721900, 7278520).
4Alpha-hydroxymethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol
4Alpha-hydroxymethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol is a 3-beta-hydroxysterol that is an intermediate in cholesterol biosynthesis. It is a substrate for C-4 methyl sterol oxidase (SC4MOL) and can be generated from 4-alpha-methylzymosterol. The sequence of reactions and the types of intermediates in cholesterol biosynthesis may vary. Alternate routes exist because reduction of the carbon 24,25 double bond on the hydrocarbon side chain of the sterol ring structure by sterol delta24-reductase can occur at multiple points in the pathway, giving rise to different intermediates. These intermediates, with or without a double bond in the hydrocarbon side chain, can serve as substrates for the other enzymes in the pathway. [HMDB] 4Alpha-hydroxymethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol is a 3-beta-hydroxysterol that is an intermediate in cholesterol biosynthesis. It is a substrate for C-4 methyl sterol oxidase (SC4MOL) and can be generated from 4-alpha-methylzymosterol. The sequence of reactions and the types of intermediates in cholesterol biosynthesis may vary. Alternate routes exist because reduction of the carbon 24,25 double bond on the hydrocarbon side chain of the sterol ring structure by sterol delta24-reductase can occur at multiple points in the pathway, giving rise to different intermediates. These intermediates, with or without a double bond in the hydrocarbon side chain, can serve as substrates for the other enzymes in the pathway.
4alpha-Hydroxymethyl-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol
4alpha-hydroxymethyl-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol is a 3-beta-hydroxysterol that is an intermediate in cholesterol biosynthesis I and in cholesterol biosynthesis III (via desmosterol). It is a substrate for C-4 methyl sterol oxidase (SC4MOL) and can be generated from the enzymatic oxidation of 4,4-dimethylzymosterol or the enzymatic reduction of 4alpha-formyl-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol in both cholesterol pathways. The sequence of reactions and the types of intermediates in cholesterol biosynthesis III (via desmosterol) may vary. Alternate routes exist because reduction of the carbon 24,25 double bond on the hydrocarbon side chain of the sterol ring structure by sterol delta24-reductase can occur at multiple points in the pathway, giving rise to different intermediates. These intermediates, with or without a double bond in the hydrocarbon side chain, can serve as substrates for the other enzymes in the pathway. In cholesterol biosynthesis I, 4alpha-hydroxymethyl-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol is an intermediate in the conversion of lanosterol to cholesterol. The enzymology of this multistep conversion was largely determined in rat liver and the human pathway is therefore inferred from this work. Indeed, the order of some of the reactions in this pathway may vary. The lanosterol-to-cholesterol conversion involves the oxidative removal of three methyl groups, reduction of double bonds, and migration of the lanosterol double bond to a new position in cholesterol. The reactions in the lanosterol pathway are catalyzed by membrane-bound enzymes. Human genes have been identified for all the enzymes in this pathway and human disorders of cholesterol metabolism have been associated with genetic defects in most of these enzymes. 4alpha-hydroxymethyl-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol is a
4alpha-Formyl-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol
4alpha-formyl-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol is a 3-beta-hydroxysterol that is an intermediate in cholesterol biosynthesis I and in cholesterol biosynthesis III (via desmosterol). It is a substrate for C-4 methyl sterol oxidase (SC4MOL) and can be generated from the enzymatic reduction of 4alpha-carboxy-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol or from the enzymatic oxidation of 4alpha-hydroxymethyl-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol. The sequence of reactions and the types of intermediates in cholesterol biosynthesis II may vary. Alternate routes exist because reduction of the carbon 24,25 double bond on the hydrocarbon side chain of the sterol ring structure by sterol delta24-reductase can occur at multiple points in the pathway, giving rise to different intermediates. These intermediates, with or without a double bond in the hydrocarbon side chain, can serve as substrates for the other enzymes in the pathway. The sequence of reactions and the types of intermediates in cholesterol biosynthesis III (via desmosterol) may vary. Alternate routes exist because reduction of the carbon 24,25 double bond on the hydrocarbon side chain of the sterol ring structure by sterol delta24-reductase can occur at multiple points in the pathway, giving rise to different intermediates. These intermediates, with or without a double bond in the hydrocarbon side chain, can serve as substrates for the other enzymes in the pathway. In cholesterol biosynthesis I, 4alpha-formyl-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol is an intermediate in the conversion of lanosterol to cholesterol. The enzymology of this multistep conversion was largely determined in rat liver and the human pathway is therefore inferred from this work. Indeed, the order of some of the reactions in this pathway may vary. The lanosterol-to-cholesterol conversion involves the oxidative removal of three methyl groups, reduction of double bonds, and migration of the lanosterol double bond to a new position in cholesterol. The reactions in the lanosterol pathway are catalyzed by membrane-bound enzymes. Human genes have been identified for all the enzymes in this pathway and human disorders of cholesterol metabolism have been associated with genetic defects in most of these enzymes. 4alpha-formyl-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol is a 3-beta-hydroxysterol that is an intermediate in cholesterol biosynthesis I and in cholesterol biosynthesis III (via desmosterol). It is a substrate for C-4 methyl sterol oxidase (SC4MOL) and can be generated from the enzymatic reduction of 4alpha-carboxy-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol or from the enzymatic oxidation of 4alpha-hydroxymethyl-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol. The sequence of reactions and the types of intermediates in cholesterol biosynthesis II may vary. Alternate routes exist because reduction of the carbon 24,25 double bond on the hydrocarbon side chain of the sterol ring structure by sterol delta24-reductase can occur at multiple points in the pathway, giving rise to different intermediates. These intermediates, with or without a double bond in the hydrocarbon side chain, can serve as substrates for the other enzymes in the pathway.
8-Dehydrocholesterol
8-Dehydrocholesterol (8-DHC) elevated concentration is one of the diagnostic biochemical hallmarks of classical Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS). Plasma 8-DHC could be only marginally elevated. (PMID: 16435228). Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) is an autosomal recessive condition caused by a defect in cholesterol synthesis (caused by a deficit of 3beta-hydroxysterol-Delta7 reductase). Affected children often have malformations and mental retardation. Autistic behaviors also are evident. In children, the baseline cholesterol, 8-DHC levels, and cholesterol levels following supplementation does not correlate with the presence or severity of autistic symptoms. (PMID: 16761297). Accumulation of 8-dehydrocholesterol in Amniotic fluid is diagnostic for SLOS. (PMID 16231320). 8-Dehydrocholesterol (8-DHC) elevated concentration is one of the diagnostic biochemical hallmarks of classical Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) . Plasma 8-DHC could be only marginally elevated. (PMID: 16435228) 8-Dehydrocholesterol elevated concentration is one of the diagnostic biochemical hallmarks of classical Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS).
Trihydroxycoprostanoic acid
Trihydroxycoprostanoic acid is excreted in the urine of patients with Zellweger syndrome (PMID 7347441), a genetic disorder. The oxidation trihydroxycoprostanic acid is deficient in liver homogenates from patients with peroxisomal diseases (PMID 2576087). Trihydroxycoprostanoic acid is found to be associated with adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD), which is also an inborn error of metabolism. Trihydroxycoprostanoic acid is excreted in the urine of patients with Zellweger syndrome (PMID 7347441 ) D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids
Cholesterol glucuronide
Cholesterol glucuronide is a natural human metabolite of Cholesterol generated in the liver by UDP glucuonyltransferase. Glucuronidation is used to assist in the excretion of toxic substances, drugs or other substances that cannot be used as an energy source. Glucuronic acid is attached via a glycosidic bond to the substance, and the resulting glucuronide, which has a much higher water solubility than the original substance, is eventually excreted by the kidneys. Cholesterol glucuronide is a natural human metabolite of Cholesterol generated in the liver by UDP glucuonyltransferase.
4alpha-Carboxy-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3beta-ol
4alpha-carboxy-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3beta-ol is a 3-beta-hydroxysterol that is an intermediate in cholesterol biosynthesis II (via 24,25-dihydrolanosterol). It is a substrate for C-4 methyl sterol oxidase (SC4MOL) and can be generated from the enzymatic oxidation of 4alpha-formyl-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3beta-ol. It is also a substrate for NAD(P)-dependent steroid dehydrogenase (H105E3) and can be generated from the enzymatic carboxylation of 4alpha-methyl-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3-one. The sequence of reactions and the types of intermediates in cholesterol biosynthesis may vary. Alternate routes exist because reduction of the carbon 24,25 double bond on the hydrocarbon side chain of the sterol ring structure by sterol delta24-reductase can occur at multiple points in the pathway, giving rise to different intermediates. These intermediates, with or without a double bond in the hydrocarbon side chain, can serve as substrates for the other enzymes in the pathway. [HMDB] 4alpha-carboxy-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3beta-ol is a 3-beta-hydroxysterol that is an intermediate in cholesterol biosynthesis II (via 24,25-dihydrolanosterol). It is a substrate for C-4 methyl sterol oxidase (SC4MOL) and can be generated from the enzymatic oxidation of 4alpha-formyl-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3beta-ol. It is also a substrate for NAD(P)-dependent steroid dehydrogenase (H105E3) and can be generated from the enzymatic carboxylation of 4alpha-methyl-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3-one. The sequence of reactions and the types of intermediates in cholesterol biosynthesis may vary. Alternate routes exist because reduction of the carbon 24,25 double bond on the hydrocarbon side chain of the sterol ring structure by sterol delta24-reductase can occur at multiple points in the pathway, giving rise to different intermediates. These intermediates, with or without a double bond in the hydrocarbon side chain, can serve as substrates for the other enzymes in the pathway.
4alpha-Carboxy-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3beta-ol
4alpha-carboxy-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3beta-ol is a 3-beta-hydroxysterol that is an intermediate in cholesterol biosynthesis II (via 24,25-dihydrolanosterol). It is a substrate for NAD(P)-dependent steroid dehydrogenase (H105E3) and it can be generated from the enzymatic carboxylation of 5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3-one. It is also a substrate for C-4 methyl sterol oxidase (SC4MOL) and can be generated from the enzymatic oxidation of 4alpha-formyl-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3beta-ol. The sequence of reactions and the types of intermediates in cholesterol biosynthesis may vary. Alternate routes exist because reduction of the carbon 24,25 double bond on the hydrocarbon side chain of the sterol ring structure by sterol delta24-reductase can occur at multiple points in the pathway, giving rise to different intermediates. These intermediates, with or without a double bond in the hydrocarbon side chain, can serve as substrates for the other enzymes in the pathway. [HMDB] 4alpha-carboxy-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3beta-ol is a 3-beta-hydroxysterol that is an intermediate in cholesterol biosynthesis II (via 24,25-dihydrolanosterol). It is a substrate for NAD(P)-dependent steroid dehydrogenase (H105E3) and it can be generated from the enzymatic carboxylation of 5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3-one. It is also a substrate for C-4 methyl sterol oxidase (SC4MOL) and can be generated from the enzymatic oxidation of 4alpha-formyl-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3beta-ol. The sequence of reactions and the types of intermediates in cholesterol biosynthesis may vary. Alternate routes exist because reduction of the carbon 24,25 double bond on the hydrocarbon side chain of the sterol ring structure by sterol delta24-reductase can occur at multiple points in the pathway, giving rise to different intermediates. These intermediates, with or without a double bond in the hydrocarbon side chain, can serve as substrates for the other enzymes in the pathway.
4alpha-Formyl-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3beta-ol
4alpha-formyl-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3beta-ol is a 3-beta-hydroxysterol that is an intermediate in cholesterol biosynthesis II (via 24,25-dihydrolanosterol). It is a substrate for C-4 methyl sterol oxidase (SC4MOL) and can be generated from the enzymatic reduction of 4alpha-carboxy-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3beta-ol or from the enzymatic oxidation of 4alpha-hydroxymethyl-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3beta-ol. The sequence of reactions and the types of intermediates in cholesterol biosynthesis may vary. Alternate routes exist because reduction of the carbon 24,25 double bond on the hydrocarbon side chain of the sterol ring structure by sterol delta24-reductase can occur at multiple points in the pathway, giving rise to different intermediates. These intermediates, with or without a double bond in the hydrocarbon side chain, can serve as substrates for the other enzymes in the pathway.
4alpha-Formyl-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3beta-ol
4alpha-formyl-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3beta-ol is a 3-beta-hydroxysterol that is an intermediate in cholesterol biosynthesis II (via 24,25-dihydrolanosterol). It is a substrate for C-4 methyl sterol oxidase (SC4MOL) and can be generated from the enzymatic oxidation of 4alpha-hydroxymethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3beta-ol or from the enzymatic reduction of 4alpha-carboxy-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3beta-ol. The sequence of reactions and the types of intermediates in cholesterol biosynthesis II (via 24,25-dihydrolanosterol) may vary. Alternate routes exist because reduction of the carbon 24,25 double bond on the hydrocarbon side chain of the sterol ring structure by sterol delta24-reductase can occur at multiple points in the pathway, giving rise to different intermediates. These intermediates, with or without a double bond in the hydrocarbon side chain, can serve as substrates for the other enzymes in the pathway.
4alpha-Hydroxymethyl-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3beta-ol
4alpha-hydroxymethyl-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3beta-ol is a 3-beta-hydroxysterol that is an intermediate in cholesterol biosynthesis II (via 24,25-dihydrolanosterol). It is a substrate for C-4 methyl sterol oxidase (SC4MOL) and can be generated from the enzymatic reduction of 4alpha-formyl-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3beta-ol or from the enzymatic oxidation of 4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3-beta-ol. The sequence of reactions and the types of intermediates in cholesterol biosynthesis may vary. Alternate routes exist because reduction of the carbon 24,25 double bond on the hydrocarbon side chain of the sterol ring structure by sterol delta24-reductase can occur at multiple points in the pathway, giving rise to different intermediates. These intermediates, with or without a double bond in the hydrocarbon side chain, can serve as substrates for the other enzymes in the pathway.
4Alpha-hydroxymethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3beta-ol
4Alpha-hydroxymethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3beta-ol is a 3-beta-hydroxysterol that is an intermediate in cholesterol biosynthesis. It is a substrate for C-4 methyl sterol oxidase (SC4MOL) and can be generated from the enzymatic reduction of 4a-formyl-5a-cholesta-8-en-3b-ol. The sequence of reactions and the types of intermediates in cholesterol biosynthesis may vary. Alternate routes exist because reduction of the carbon 24,25 double bond on the hydrocarbon side chain of the sterol ring structure by sterol delta24-reductase can occur at multiple points in the pathway, giving rise to different intermediates. These intermediates, with or without a double bond in the hydrocarbon side chain, can serve as substrates for the other enzymes in the pathway.
4Alpha-methyl-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3-one
4Alpha-methyl-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3-one is involved in the cholesterol biosynthesis II(via 24,25-dihydrolanosterol) pathway. It can be generated from the enzymatic reduction of 4A-methyl-cholesta-8-enol or enzymatic oxidation of 4a-carboxy-4b-methyl-5a-cholesta-8-en-3b-ol.The sequence of reactions and the types of intermediates in cholesterol biosynthesis may vary. Alternate routes exist because reduction of the carbon 24,25 double bond on the hydrocarbon side chain of the sterol ring structure by sterol delta24-reductase can occur at multiple points in the pathway, giving rise to different intermediates. These intermediates, with or without a double bond in the hydrocarbon side chain, can serve as substrates for the other enzymes in the pathway.
4,4-dimethyl-14alpha-formyl-5alpha-cholest-8-en-3beta-ol
4,4-dimethyl-14alpha-formyl-5alpha-cholest-8-en-3beta-ol is also known as 3-beta-Hydroxylanost-8-en-32-aldehyde or 32-oxo-24,25-Dihydrolanosterol. 4,4-dimethyl-14alpha-formyl-5alpha-cholest-8-en-3beta-ol is considered to be practically insoluble (in water) and basic. 4,4-dimethyl-14alpha-formyl-5alpha-cholest-8-en-3beta-ol is a sterol lipid molecule
4,4-dimethyl-14alpha-hydroxymethyl-5alpha-cholest-8-en-3beta-ol
4,4-dimethyl-14alpha-hydroxymethyl-5alpha-cholest-8-en-3beta-ol is also known as 32-Hydroxy-24,25-dihydrolanosterol or Lanost-8-en-3beta,30-diol. 4,4-dimethyl-14alpha-hydroxymethyl-5alpha-cholest-8-en-3beta-ol is considered to be practically insoluble (in water) and basic. 4,4-dimethyl-14alpha-hydroxymethyl-5alpha-cholest-8-en-3beta-ol is a sterol lipid molecule
5alpha-cholest-8-en-3-one
5alpha-cholest-8-en-3-one is considered to be practically insoluble (in water) and basic. 5alpha-cholest-8-en-3-one is a sterol lipid molecule
Squalamine
Polypodine B
Polypodine b belongs to hydroxy bile acids, alcohols and derivatives class of compounds. Those are bile acids, alcohols or derivatives bearing at least hydroxyl group. Polypodine b is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Polypodine b can be found in lambsquarters and spinach, which makes polypodine b a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
5beta-Cholestane
5beta-cholestane, also known as coprostane or pseudocholestane, is a member of the class of compounds known as cholestane steroids. Cholestane steroids are steroids with a structure containing the 27-carbon cholestane skeleton. Thus, 5beta-cholestane is considered to be a sterol lipid molecule. 5beta-cholestane can be found in rice, which makes 5beta-cholestane a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
3beta-hydroxy-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholest-7-ene-4alpha-carbaldehyde
3beta-hydroxy-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholest-7-ene-4alpha-carbaldehyde is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 3beta-hydroxy-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholest-7-ene-4alpha-carbaldehyde can be found in a number of food items such as lemon thyme, roselle, bog bilberry, and narrowleaf cattail, which makes 3beta-hydroxy-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholest-7-ene-4alpha-carbaldehyde a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
cholesterol sulfate
D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011480 - Protease Inhibitors > D015842 - Serine Proteinase Inhibitors A steroid sulfate that is cholesterol substituted by a sulfoxy group at position 3. D020011 - Protective Agents > D016588 - Anticarcinogenic Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents
4alpha-Methylzymosterol
A 3beta-sterol that is zymosterol substituted by a 4alpha-methyl group.
14-Demethyllanosterol
A 3beta-sterol formed formally by loss of a methyl group from the 14-position of lanosterol.
Cholesterol
A cholestanoid consisting of cholestane having a double bond at the 5,6-position as well as a 3beta-hydroxy group. Disclaimer: While authors make an effort to ensure that the content of this record is accurate, the authors make no representations or warranties in relation to the accuracy or completeness of the record. This record do not reflect any viewpoints of the affiliation and organization to which the authors belong. Cholesterol is the major sterol in mammals. It is making up 20-25\\% of structural component of the plasma membrane. Plasma membranes are highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of the membrane as well as the function of both the transporters and signaling proteins[1][2]. Cholesterol is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) agonist[3]. Cholesterol is the major sterol in mammals. It is making up 20-25\% of structural component of the plasma membrane. Plasma membranes are highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of the membrane as well as the function of both the transporters and signaling proteins[1][2]. Cholesterol is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) agonist[3].
7-Dehydrocholesterol
D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins > D000072664 - Provitamins 7-Dehydrocholesterol is biosynthetic precursor of cholesterol and vitamin D3. 7-Dehydrocholesterol is biosynthetic precursor of cholesterol and vitamin D3.
Cholestenone
Cholestenone (4-Cholesten-3-one), the intermediate oxidation product of cholesterol, is metabolized primarily in the liver. Cholestenone is highly mobile in membranes and influences cholesterol flip-flop and efflux. Cholestenone may cause long-term functional defects in cells[1][2]. Cholestenone (4-Cholesten-3-one), the intermediate oxidation product of cholesterol, is metabolized primarily in the liver. Cholestenone is highly mobile in membranes and influences cholesterol flip-flop and efflux. Cholestenone may cause long-term functional defects in cells[1][2].
Cholestane
Hydroxyecdysone
Origin: Plant; SubCategory_DNP: The sterols, Cholestanes Crustecdysone (20-Hydroxyecdysone) is a naturally occurring ecdysteroid hormone isolated from Serratula coronata which controls the ecdysis (moulting) and metamorphosis of arthropods, it inhibits caspase activity and induces autophagy via the 20E nuclear receptor complex, EcR-USP[1]. Crustecdysone exhibits regulatory or protective roles in the cardiovascular system[2]. Crustecdysone is an active metabolite of Ecdysone (HY-N0179)[3]. Crustecdysone (20-Hydroxyecdysone) is a naturally occurring ecdysteroid hormone isolated from Serratula coronata which controls the ecdysis (moulting) and metamorphosis of arthropods, it inhibits caspase activity and induces autophagy via the 20E nuclear receptor complex, EcR-USP[1]. Crustecdysone exhibits regulatory or protective roles in the cardiovascular system[2]. Crustecdysone is an active metabolite of Ecdysone (HY-N0179)[3].
16:3-Glc-Cholesterol
18:3-Glc-cholesterol
20:3-Glc-cholesterol
22:3-Glc-cholesterol
Evasterioside E
Zymosterol
COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
Lathosterol
Lathosterol is a cholesterol-like molecule. Serum Lathosterol concentration is an indicator of whole-body cholesterol synthesis. Lathosterol is a cholesterol-like molecule. Serum Lathosterol concentration is an indicator of whole-body cholesterol synthesis.
3beta-hydroxy-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholest-7-ene-4alpha-carbaldehyde
3beta-hydroxy-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholest-7-ene-4alpha-carbaldehyde is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 3beta-hydroxy-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholest-7-ene-4alpha-carbaldehyde can be found in a number of food items such as lemon thyme, roselle, bog bilberry, and narrowleaf cattail, which makes 3beta-hydroxy-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholest-7-ene-4alpha-carbaldehyde a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 3β-hydroxy-4β-methyl-5α-cholest-7-ene-4α-carbaldehyde is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 3β-hydroxy-4β-methyl-5α-cholest-7-ene-4α-carbaldehyde can be found in a number of food items such as lemon thyme, roselle, bog bilberry, and narrowleaf cattail, which makes 3β-hydroxy-4β-methyl-5α-cholest-7-ene-4α-carbaldehyde a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
Cholesteryl acetate
A cholesterol ester obtained by formal acylation of the hydroxy group of cholesterol by acetic acid. Cholesteryl acetate is a normal human cholesteryl ester present in diverse fluids and organs. Cholesteryl acetate is also present in foods. Food oxidation affects the quality and safety of the human diet by generating compounds with biological activities that can adversely affect health. In particular the susceptibility of cholesterol to oxidation is well known; certain products of cholesterol oxidation have been reported to produce cytotoxic, angiotoxic and carcinogenic effects. Cholesteryl ester (CE) is the major transport and storage form of cholesterol in lipoprotein particles and most cell types. Molecular composition of CE species is of high interest for arteriosclerosis research, i.e., as components of lipoprotein subclasses or in studies investigating the mechanisms involved in the generation of lipid laden foam cells. Thus, it has been shown that CE species in circulating plasma are strongly correlated with development of coronary heart disease. This may be related to specific CE species profiles generated by enzymes involved in lipoprotein metabolism like lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.43, LCAT), acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 2 (EC 2.3.1.26, ACAT2) or cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP). The cholesteryl ester transfer protein has a key role in the metabolism of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), mediating the exchange of lipids between lipoproteins, resulting in the net transfer of cholesteryl ester from HDL to other lipoproteins and in the subsequent uptake of cholesterol by hepatocytes. By increasing the cholesteryl ester content of low-density and very-low-density lipoproteins, CETP promotes the atherogenicity of these lipoproteins. In addition, high plasma concentrations of CETP are associated with reduced concentrations of HDL cholesterol. (PMID: 10918380, 16458590, 9420339, 3343104, 6721900, 7278520) [HMDB]
4Alpha-methyl-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3-one
4Alpha-methyl-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3-one is involved in the cholesterol biosynthesis II(via 24,25-dihydrolanosterol) pathway. It can be generated from the enzymatic reduction of 4A-methyl-cholesta-8-enol or enzymatic oxidation of 4a-carboxy-4b-methyl-5a-cholesta-8-en-3b-ol.The sequence of reactions and the types of intermediates in cholesterol biosynthesis may vary. Alternate routes exist because reduction of the carbon 24,25 double bond on the hydrocarbon side chain of the sterol ring structure by sterol delta24-reductase can occur at multiple points in the pathway, giving rise to different intermediates. These intermediates, with or without a double bond in the hydrocarbon side chain, can serve as substrates for the other enzymes in the pathway.
20-Hydroxycholesterol
An oxysterol that is cholesterol substituted by a hydroxy group at position 20. 20(S)-hydroxyCholesterol (20α-Hydroxycholesterol) is an allosteric activator of the oncoprotein smoothened (Smo) that activates the hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway with an EC50 of 3 μM in a gene transcription reporter assay using NIH3T3 cells[1][2].
(20R,22R)-20,22-dihydroxycholesterol
An oxysterol that is cholesterol substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 20 and 22 (the 20R,22R-stereoisomer).
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-al
A cholestanoid that is 5beta-cholestan-26-al substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 7 and 12 respectively.
Coprostanol
A member of the class of phytosterols that is 5beta-cholestane carrying a hydroxy substituent at the 3beta-position.
4alpha-hydroxymethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol
4alpha-formyl-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol
4alpha-hydroxymethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3beta-ol
4,4-dimethyl-14alpha-hydroxymethyl-5alpha-cholest-8-en-3beta-ol
4alpha-carboxy-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3beta-ol
Dihydrocholesterol
5α-Cholestan-3β-ol is a derivitized steroid compound. 5α-Cholestan-3β-ol is a derivitized steroid compound.
8-Dehydrocholesterol
8-Dehydrocholesterol elevated concentration is one of the diagnostic biochemical hallmarks of classical Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS).
