Glycylglycine (BioDeep_00001868362)

Main id: BioDeep_00000001347

 

PANOMIX_OTCML-2023 BioNovoGene_Lab2019


代谢物信息卡片


Glycylglycine

化学式: C4H8N2O3 (132.0535)
中文名称: 双甘肽, 双甘氨肽, 甘氨酸甘氨酸
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 () 0%

分子结构信息

SMILES: C(C(=O)NCC(=O)O)N
InChI: InChI=1S/C4H8N2O3/c5-1-3(7)6-2-4(8)9/h1-2,5H2,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)

描述信息

A dipeptide formed from glycine residues.
Glycylglycine is the simplest of all peptides and could function as a gamma-glutamyl acceptor.
Glycylglycine is the simplest of all peptides and could function as a gamma-glutamyl acceptor.

同义名列表

4 个代谢物同义名

Glycylglycine; H-Gly-Gly-OH; Glycylglycine; Glycylglycine



数据库引用编号

14 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

PlantCyc(0)

代谢反应

0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(0)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

0 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有:

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息,我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表,这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序,取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘,得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序,取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中,存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称,可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。

亚细胞结构定位 关联基因列表
Cytoplasm 5 CYTH1, PMP2, SGTA, SUMO1, UBD
Peripheral membrane protein 1 CYTH1
Nucleus 4 PMP2, SGTA, SUMO1, UBD
cytosol 7 CYTH1, GLS, PHGDH, PMP2, SGTA, SUMO1, UBD
dendrite 2 PDYN, PNOC
nuclear body 1 SUMO1
nucleoplasm 2 SUMO1, UBD
Cell membrane 8 CYTH1, GLP1R, GLP2R, OPRD1, OPRL1, SLC15A2, SUMO1, TNF
Multi-pass membrane protein 6 GLP1R, GLP2R, OPRD1, OPRL1, SLC15A1, SLC15A2
Synapse 3 GLS, PDYN, PNOC
cell surface 1 TNF
glutamatergic synapse 1 SUMO1
Golgi membrane 2 CYTH1, INS
neuronal cell body 3 PDYN, PNOC, TNF
presynaptic membrane 1 OPRD1
Cytoplasm, cytosol 2 CYTH1, GLS
plasma membrane 12 CYTH1, GCG, GLP1R, GLP2R, OPRD1, OPRL1, PDYN, PNOC, SLC15A1, SLC15A2, SUMO1, TNF
synaptic vesicle membrane 1 OPRD1
Membrane 6 GLP1R, GLP2R, OPRD1, SGTA, SLC15A1, SLC15A2
apical plasma membrane 2 SLC15A1, SLC15A2
brush border 1 SLC15A1
extracellular exosome 3 PHGDH, PMP2, SLC15A2
extracellular space 4 GCG, IGF1, INS, TNF
Cell junction, tight junction 1 CYTH1
adherens junction 1 CYTH1
bicellular tight junction 1 CYTH1
mitochondrion 1 GLS
Secreted 5 GCG, IGF1, INS, PDYN, PNOC
extracellular region 7 ELN, GCG, IGF1, INS, PDYN, PNOC, TNF
cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane 1 CYTH1
hippocampal mossy fiber to CA3 synapse 1 PDYN
mitochondrial matrix 1 GLS
Nucleus membrane 1 SUMO1
nuclear membrane 1 SUMO1
external side of plasma membrane 1 TNF
Secreted, extracellular space, extracellular matrix 1 ELN
cytoplasmic vesicle 1 OPRL1
nucleolus 1 SUMO1
recycling endosome 1 TNF
Single-pass type II membrane protein 1 TNF
Apical cell membrane 2 SLC15A1, SLC15A2
Membrane raft 1 TNF
Cell junction, adherens junction 1 CYTH1
extracellular matrix 1 ELN
Nucleus, PML body 1 SUMO1
PML body 1 SUMO1
collagen-containing extracellular matrix 1 ELN
nuclear speck 1 SUMO1
neuron projection 2 OPRD1, OPRL1
Cytoplasmic vesicle, phagosome membrane 1 SLC15A2
phagocytic cup 1 TNF
phagocytic vesicle membrane 1 SLC15A2
[Isoform 1]: Mitochondrion 1 GLS
fibrillar center 1 UBD
nuclear pore 1 SUMO1
endosome lumen 1 INS
Nucleus speckle 1 SUMO1
myelin sheath 1 PMP2
synaptic membrane 1 PNOC
exocytic vesicle 1 IGF1
secretory granule lumen 2 GCG, INS
Golgi lumen 1 INS
endoplasmic reticulum lumen 2 GCG, INS
platelet alpha granule lumen 1 IGF1
axon terminus 3 OPRD1, PDYN, PNOC
XY body 1 SUMO1
transport vesicle 1 INS
Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane 1 INS
postsynaptic density membrane 1 OPRD1
neuronal dense core vesicle 2 OPRD1, PDYN
aggresome 1 UBD
dendrite membrane 1 OPRD1
TRC complex 1 SGTA
postsynaptic cytosol 1 SUMO1
[Isoform 3]: Mitochondrion 1 GLS
presynaptic cytosol 1 SUMO1
[Glutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrial 68 kDa chain]: Mitochondrion matrix 1 GLS
[Glutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrial 65 kDa chain]: Mitochondrion matrix 1 GLS
elastic fiber 1 ELN
[Glucagon-like peptide 1]: Secreted 1 GCG
[Tumor necrosis factor, soluble form]: Secreted 1 TNF
alphav-beta3 integrin-IGF-1-IGF1R complex 1 IGF1
insulin-like growth factor binding protein complex 1 IGF1
insulin-like growth factor ternary complex 1 IGF1
nuclear stress granule 1 SUMO1
spine apparatus 1 OPRD1
[C-domain 2]: Secreted 1 TNF
[Tumor necrosis factor, membrane form]: Membrane 1 TNF
[C-domain 1]: Secreted 1 TNF


文献列表

  • Xiaoxue Du, Xiaodong Zhang, Yafei Wang, Guoxin Ma, Yong Liu, Bin Wang, Hanping Mao. Highly sensitive detection of plant growth regulators by using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy combined with metamaterials. Optics express. 2021 Oct; 29(22):36535-36545. doi: 10.1364/oe.437909. [PMID: 34809062]
  • Siyun Lu, Heping Cui, Huan Zhan, Khizar Hayat, Chengsheng Jia, Shahzad Hussain, Muhammad Usman Tahir, Xiaoming Zhang, Chi-Tang Ho. Timely Addition of Glutathione for Its Interaction with Deoxypentosone To Inhibit the Aqueous Maillard Reaction and Browning of Glycylglycine-Arabinose System. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2019 Jun; 67(23):6585-6593. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02053. [PMID: 31124366]
  • Yasutake Tanaka, Kiyomi Takahashi, Jun-Ichi Kato, Ai Sawazaki, Taiki Akasaka, Naoko Fujita, Toshihide Kumamaru, Yuhi Saito, Bungo Shirouchi, Masao Sato. Starch synthase IIIa and starch branching enzyme IIb-deficient mutant rice line ameliorates pancreatic insulin secretion in rats: screening and evaluating mutant rice lines with antidiabetic functionalities. The British journal of nutrition. 2018 05; 119(9):970-980. doi: 10.1017/s0007114518000314. [PMID: 29532765]
  • Nersi Jafary Omid, Nika Bahari Javan, Ahmad-Reza Dehpour, Alireza Partoazar, Morteza Rafiee Tehrani, Farid Dorkoosh. In-vitro and in-vivo cytotoxicity and efficacy evaluation of novel glycyl-glycine and alanyl-alanine conjugates of chitosan and trimethyl chitosan nano-particles as carriers for oral insulin delivery. International journal of pharmaceutics. 2018 Jan; 535(1-2):293-307. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.11.020. [PMID: 29138048]
  • Feng Long, Liangliang Wang, Boguslaw Lupa, William B Whitman. A Flexible System for Cultivation of Methanococcus and Other Formate-Utilizing Methanogens. Archaea (Vancouver, B.C.). 2017; 2017(?):7046026. doi: 10.1155/2017/7046026. [PMID: 29348732]
  • Abeer Abousaab, Jamshed Warsi, Madhuri S Salker, Florian Lang. β-Klotho as a Negative Regulator of the Peptide Transporters PEPT1 and PEPT2. Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology. 2016; 40(5):874-882. doi: 10.1159/000453146. [PMID: 27941311]
  • Guoguang Ma, Bin Shi, Jingquan Liu, Hongze Zhang, Zijun YinTao, Xiaoli Lou, Dongyu Liang, Yanqiang Hou, Shengxia Wan, Wanhua Yang. Nod2-Rip2 Signaling Contributes to Intestinal Injury Induced by Muramyl Dipeptide Via Oligopeptide Transporter in Rats. Digestive diseases and sciences. 2015 Nov; 60(11):3264-70. doi: 10.1007/s10620-015-3762-1. [PMID: 26138652]
  • Kivanc Bilecen, Jiunn C N Fong, Andrew Cheng, Christopher J Jones, David Zamorano-Sánchez, Fitnat H Yildiz. Polymyxin B resistance and biofilm formation in Vibrio cholerae are controlled by the response regulator CarR. Infection and immunity. 2015 Mar; 83(3):1199-209. doi: 10.1128/iai.02700-14. [PMID: 25583523]
  • Dan Li, Bo Lu, Zhijun Huang, Peihu Xu, Hua Zheng, Yihua Yin, Haixing Xu, Xia Liu, Lingyun Chen, Yiceng Lou, Xueqiong Zhang, Fuliang Xiong. A novel melphalan polymeric prodrug: preparation and property study. Carbohydrate polymers. 2014 Oct; 111(?):928-35. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.04.062. [PMID: 25037433]
  • Xia-Bing Fu, Zi-Hua Lin, Hai-Feng Liu, Xue-Yi Le. A new ternary copper(II) complex derived from 2-(2'-pyridyl)benzimidazole and glycylglycine: synthesis, characterization, DNA binding and cleavage, antioxidation and HSA interaction. Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy. 2014 Mar; 122(?):22-33. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.11.006. [PMID: 24291450]
  • Mohamed M Shoukry, Safaa S Hassan. Complex formation equilibria of binary and ternary complexes involving 3,3-bis(1-methylimidazol-2yl)propionic acid and bio-relevant ligands as 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid with reference to plant hormone. Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy. 2014 Jan; 118(?):146-53. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.08.070. [PMID: 24051283]
  • Marcela Reyes, Hansjörg M Rothe, Pamela Mattar, Warren B Shapiro, Mariana Cifuentes. Antilipolytic effect of calcimimetics depends on the allelic variant of calcium-sensing receptor gene polymorphism rs1042636 (Arg990Gly). European journal of human genetics : EJHG. 2012 Apr; 20(4):480-2. doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2011.221. [PMID: 22166946]
  • Albert Koulman, T Verne Lee, Karl Fraser, Linda Johnson, Vickery Arcus, J Shaun Lott, Susanne Rasmussen, Geoffrey Lane. Identification of extracellular siderophores and a related peptide from the endophytic fungus Epichloë festucae in culture and endophyte-infected Lolium perenne. Phytochemistry. 2012 Mar; 75(?):128-39. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.11.020. [PMID: 22196939]
  • Inga Hebbelmann, Jennifer Selinski, Corinna Wehmeyer, Tatjana Goss, Ingo Voss, Paula Mulo, Saijaliisa Kangasjärvi, Eva-Mari Aro, Marie-Luise Oelze, Karl-Josef Dietz, Adriano Nunes-Nesi, Phuc T Do, Alisdair R Fernie, Sai K Talla, Agepati S Raghavendra, Vera Linke, Renate Scheibe. Multiple strategies to prevent oxidative stress in Arabidopsis plants lacking the malate valve enzyme NADP-malate dehydrogenase. Journal of experimental botany. 2012 Feb; 63(3):1445-59. doi: 10.1093/jxb/err386. [PMID: 22140244]
  • Fushan Liu, Zaheer Ahmed, Elizabeth A Lee, Elizabeth Donner, Qiang Liu, Regina Ahmed, Matthew K Morell, Michael J Emes, Ian J Tetlow. Allelic variants of the amylose extender mutation of maize demonstrate phenotypic variation in starch structure resulting from modified protein-protein interactions. Journal of experimental botany. 2012 Feb; 63(3):1167-83. doi: 10.1093/jxb/err341. [PMID: 22121198]
  • Amarnadh Nalla, Inge Buch, Maibritt Sigvardt, Rasmus Poul Bodholdt, Andreas Kjaer, Birger Hesse. (111)Indium Labelling of Recombinant Activated Coagulation Factor VII: In Vitro and Preliminary In Vivo Studies in Healthy Rats. International journal of molecular imaging. 2012; 2012(?):464810. doi: 10.1155/2012/464810. [PMID: 22518302]
  • Inga Kwiecień, Małgorzata Iciek, Lidia Włodek. Acceleration of anaerobic cysteine transformations to sulfane sulfur consequent to γ-glutamyl transpeptidase inhibition. TheScientificWorldJournal. 2012; 2012(?):253724. doi: 10.1100/2012/253724. [PMID: 22629124]
  • Ko-Jen Li, Cheng-Han Wu, Song-Chou Hsieh, Ming-Chi Lu, Chang-Youh Tsai, Chia-Li Yu. Deranged bioenergetics and defective redox capacity in T lymphocytes and neutrophils are related to cellular dysfunction and increased oxidative stress in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus. Clinical & developmental immunology. 2012; 2012(?):548516. doi: 10.1155/2012/548516. [PMID: 22007252]
  • Wenqi Yu, Friedrich Götz. Cell wall antibiotics provoke accumulation of anchored mCherry in the cross wall of Staphylococcus aureus. PloS one. 2012; 7(1):e30076. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030076. [PMID: 22253886]
  • Mark A Milanick, Sarah Ritter, Kenith Meissner. Engineering erythrocytes to be erythrosensors: first steps. Blood cells, molecules & diseases. 2011 Aug; 47(2):100-6. doi: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2011.05.001. [PMID: 21641241]
  • Margit Kaldmäe, Mihkel Zilmer, Margus Viigimaa, Galina Zemtsovskaja, Karel Tomberg, Tanel Kaart, Margus Annuk. Cardiovascular disease risk factors in homeless people. Upsala journal of medical sciences. 2011 Aug; 116(3):200-7. doi: 10.3109/03009734.2011.586737. [PMID: 21692678]
  • Sumaira Sahreen, Muhammad R Khan, Rahmat A Khan. Hepatoprotective effects of methanol extract of Carissa opaca leaves on CCl4-induced damage in rat. BMC complementary and alternative medicine. 2011 Jun; 11(?):48. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-11-48. [PMID: 21699742]
  • Ya-Yun Wang, Yi-Fang Tsay. Arabidopsis nitrate transporter NRT1.9 is important in phloem nitrate transport. The Plant cell. 2011 May; 23(5):1945-57. doi: 10.1105/tpc.111.083618. [PMID: 21571952]
  • Haixun Guo, Jianquan Yang, Fabio Gallazzi, Yubin Miao. Effects of the amino acid linkers on the melanoma-targeting and pharmacokinetic properties of 111In-labeled lactam bridge-cyclized alpha-MSH peptides. Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine. 2011 Apr; 52(4):608-16. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.110.086009. [PMID: 21421725]
  • Hironori Kobayashi, Hideki Takase, Yumiko Suzuki, Fumiko Tanzawa, Ryoji Takata, Keiko Fujita, Minako Kohno, Mai Mochizuki, Shunji Suzuki, Tomonori Konno. Environmental stress enhances biosynthesis of flavor precursors, S-3-(hexan-1-ol)-glutathione and S-3-(hexan-1-ol)-L-cysteine, in grapevine through glutathione S-transferase activation. Journal of experimental botany. 2011 Jan; 62(3):1325-36. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erq376. [PMID: 21115666]
  • Yutaro Obara, Sanae Ueno, Yoshimi Yanagihata, Norimichi Nakahata. Lysophosphatidylinositol causes neurite retraction via GPR55, G13 and RhoA in PC12 cells. PloS one. 2011; 6(8):e24284. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024284. [PMID: 21904624]
  • Daniel H Haft, Neha Varghese. GlyGly-CTERM and rhombosortase: a C-terminal protein processing signal in a many-to-one pairing with a rhomboid family intramembrane serine protease. PloS one. 2011; 6(12):e28886. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028886. [PMID: 22194940]
  • Tiziana Destro, Dinesh Prasad, Damiano Martignago, Ignacio Lliso Bernet, Anna Rita Trentin, Indu Kumari Renu, Massimo Ferretti, Antonio Masi. Compensatory expression and substrate inducibility of gamma-glutamyl transferase GGT2 isoform in Arabidopsis thaliana. Journal of experimental botany. 2011 Jan; 62(2):805-14. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erq316. [PMID: 20959624]
  • Mohamed Taha, Ming-Jer Lee. Interactions of TRIS [tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane] and related buffers with peptide backbone: thermodynamic characterization. Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP. 2010 Oct; 12(39):12840-50. doi: 10.1039/c0cp00253d. [PMID: 20820555]
  • Ole Hartvig Mortensen, Hanne Lodberg Olsen, Lis Frandsen, Peter Eigil Nielsen, Finn Cilius Nielsen, Niels Grunnet, Bjørn Quistorff. A maternal low protein diet has pronounced effects on mitochondrial gene expression in offspring liver and skeletal muscle; protective effect of taurine. Journal of biomedical science. 2010 Aug; 17 Suppl 1(?):S38. doi: 10.1186/1423-0127-17-s1-s38. [PMID: 20804614]
  • Jaroslav Pacovsky, Radomir Hyspler, Pavel Navratil, Alena Ticha, Milos Brodak. The estimation of post-transplant lymphocele origin using creatine kinase activity. Upsala journal of medical sciences. 2010 Aug; 115(3):187-92. doi: 10.3109/03009731003793122. [PMID: 20636253]
  • Usha N S Prakash, Krishnapura Srinivasan. Beneficial influence of dietary spices on the ultrastructure and fluidity of the intestinal brush border in rats. The British journal of nutrition. 2010 Jul; 104(1):31-9. doi: 10.1017/s0007114510000334. [PMID: 20178671]
  • Harry G Preuss, Bobby Echard, Debasis Bagchi, Nicholas V Perricone. Maitake mushroom extracts ameliorate progressive hypertension and other chronic metabolic perturbations in aging female rats. International journal of medical sciences. 2010 Jun; 7(4):169-80. doi: 10.7150/ijms.7.169. [PMID: 20567593]
  • Xiao-Xiang Zhang, Carla A H Prata, Thomas J McIntosh, Philippe Barthélémy, Mark W Grinstaff. The effect of charge-reversal amphiphile spacer composition on DNA and siRNA delivery. Bioconjugate chemistry. 2010 May; 21(5):988-93. doi: 10.1021/bc9005464. [PMID: 20433165]
  • Gabriel Dimitriou, Despina Papakonstantinou, Eleana F Stavrou, Sotirios Tzifas, Aggeliki Vervenioti, Anny Onufriou, Aglaia Athanassiadou, Stefanos Mantagos. Association of circulating angiotensin converting enzyme activity with respiratory muscle function in infants. Respiratory research. 2010 May; 11(?):57. doi: 10.1186/1465-9921-11-57. [PMID: 20462446]
  • Magaly Rincón-Zachary, Neal D Teaster, J Alan Sparks, Aline H Valster, Christy M Motes, Elison B Blancaflor. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer-sensitized emission of yellow cameleon 3.60 reveals root zone-specific calcium signatures in Arabidopsis in response to aluminum and other trivalent cations. Plant physiology. 2010 Mar; 152(3):1442-58. doi: 10.1104/pp.109.147256. [PMID: 20053711]
  • Rexhep Rexhepaj, Anand Rotte, Venkanna Pasham, Shuchen Gu, Daniela S Kempe, Florian Lang. PI3 kinase and PDK1 in the regulation of the electrogenic intestinal dipeptide transport. Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology. 2010; 25(6):715-22. doi: 10.1159/000315091. [PMID: 20511717]
  • Y Belguesmia, Y Choiset, H Prévost, M Dalgalarrondo, J-M Chobert, D Drider. Partial purification and characterization of the mode of action of enterocin S37: a bacteriocin produced by Enterococcus faecalis S37 isolated from poultry feces. Journal of environmental and public health. 2010; 2010(?):986460. doi: 10.1155/2010/986460. [PMID: 20811593]
  • Salvatore Sotgia, Ciriaco Carru, Bastianina Scanu, Elisabetta Pisanu, Manuela Sanna, Gerard Aime Pinna, Leonardo Gaspa, Luca Deiana, Angelo Zinellu. Improved rapid assay of plasma uric acid by short-end injection capillary zone electrophoresis. Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry. 2009 Dec; 395(8):2577-82. doi: 10.1007/s00216-009-3171-4. [PMID: 19806347]
  • Clara De Pascale, Valerie Graham, Robert C Fowkes, Caroline P D Wheeler-Jones, Kathleen M Botham. Suppression of nuclear factor-kappaB activity in macrophages by chylomicron remnants: modulation by the fatty acid composition of the particles. The FEBS journal. 2009 Oct; 276(19):5689-702. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07260.x. [PMID: 19725874]
  • Jarrod B King, Matthew B West, Paul F Cook, Marie H Hanigan. A novel, species-specific class of uncompetitive inhibitors of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. The Journal of biological chemistry. 2009 Apr; 284(14):9059-65. doi: 10.1074/jbc.m809608200. [PMID: 19203993]
  • Valeria Angeli, Alessia Tacito, Aldo Paolicchi, Renata Barsacchi, Maria Franzini, Riccardo Baldassini, Cecilia Vecoli, Alfonso Pompella, Emilia Bramanti. A kinetic study of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT)-mediated S-nitrosoglutathione catabolism. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics. 2009 Jan; 481(2):191-6. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2008.10.027. [PMID: 19000649]
  • Griet Van Zeebroeck, Beatriz Monge Bonini, Matthias Versele, Johan M Thevelein. Transport and signaling via the amino acid binding site of the yeast Gap1 amino acid transceptor. Nature chemical biology. 2009 Jan; 5(1):45-52. doi: 10.1038/nchembio.132. [PMID: 19060912]
  • Chanyarat Paungfoo-Lonhienne, Peer M Schenk, Thierry G A Lonhienne, Richard Brackin, Stefan Meier, Doris Rentsch, Susanne Schmidt. Nitrogen affects cluster root formation and expression of putative peptide transporters. Journal of experimental botany. 2009; 60(9):2665-76. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erp111. [PMID: 19380419]
  • Gudlaug Tórsdóttir, Grétar Gudmundsson, Jakob Kristinsson, Jón Snaedal, Torkell Jóhannesson. Ceruloplasmin and superoxide dismutase (SOD1) in heterozygotes for Wilson disease: A case control study. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment. 2009; 5(?):55-9. doi: 10.2147/ndt.s4360. [PMID: 19557100]
  • Olga Varea, Juan Jose Garrido, Ana Dopazo, Pablo Mendez, Luis Miguel Garcia-Segura, Francisco Wandosell. Estradiol activates beta-catenin dependent transcription in neurons. PloS one. 2009; 4(4):e5153. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005153. [PMID: 19360103]
  • D Viuff, B Lauritzen, A E Pusateri, S Andersen, R Rojkjaer, P I Johansson. Effect of haemodilution, acidosis, and hypothermia on the activity of recombinant factor VIIa (NovoSeven). British journal of anaesthesia. 2008 Sep; 101(3):324-31. doi: 10.1093/bja/aen175. [PMID: 18565966]
  • Mi-Ok Woo, Tae-Ho Ham, Hyeon-So Ji, Min-Seon Choi, Wenzhu Jiang, Sang-Ho Chu, Rihua Piao, Joong-Hyoun Chin, Jung-A Kim, Bong Soo Park, Hak Soo Seo, Nam-Soo Jwa, Susan McCouch, Hee-Jong Koh. Inactivation of the UGPase1 gene causes genic male sterility and endosperm chalkiness in rice (Oryza sativa L.). The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology. 2008 Apr; 54(2):190-204. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2008.03405.x. [PMID: 18182026]
  • Sanjay Upadhyay, Naoto Ohgami, Hitoshi Kusakabe, Hiroaki Suzuki. Electrochemical determination of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity and its application to a miniaturized analysis system. Biosensors & bioelectronics. 2006 Jan; 21(7):1230-6. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2005.05.011. [PMID: 15998586]
  • Angelo Zinellu, Salvatore Sotgia, Salvatore Caddeo, Luca Deiana, Ciriaco Carru. Sodium glycylglycine as effective electrolyte run buffer for ascorbic and uric acid separation by CZE: a comparison with two other CE assays. Journal of separation science. 2005 Nov; 28(16):2193-9. doi: 10.1002/jssc.200500109. [PMID: 16318217]
  • C P Serra, S F Côrtes, J A Lombardi, A Braga de Oliveira, F C Braga. Validation of a colorimetric assay for the in vitro screening of inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) from plant extracts. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology. 2005 Jun; 12(6-7):424-32. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2004.07.002. [PMID: 16008118]
  • José Luis Martínez-Camacho, Luis González-de la Vara, Alberto Hamabata, Rosalva Mora-Escobedo, Victor Calderón-Salinas. A pH-stating mechanism in isolated wheat (Triticum aestivum) aleurone layers involves malic acid transport. Journal of plant physiology. 2004 Dec; 161(12):1289-98. doi: 10.1016/j.jplph.2004.05.010. [PMID: 15658800]
  • A Paolicchi, M Sotiropuolou, P Perego, S Daubeuf, A Visvikis, E Lorenzini, M Franzini, N Romiti, E Chieli, R Leone, P Apostoli, D Colangelo, F Zunino, A Pompella. gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase catalyses the extracellular detoxification of cisplatin in a human cell line derived from the proximal convoluted tubule of the kidney. European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990). 2003 May; 39(7):996-1003. doi: 10.1016/s0959-8049(03)00067-4. [PMID: 12706370]
  • Haruhito Tsuge, Sachi Sano, Takashi Hayakawa, Takami Kakuda, Tomonori Unno. Theanine, gamma-glutamylethylamide, is metabolized by renal phosphate-independent glutaminase. Biochimica et biophysica acta. 2003 Mar; 1620(1-3):47-53. doi: 10.1016/s0304-4165(02)00504-4. [PMID: 12595072]
  • Adrienne M Perry, Hung Ton-That, Sarkis K Mazmanian, Olaf Schneewind. Anchoring of surface proteins to the cell wall of Staphylococcus aureus. III. Lipid II is an in vivo peptidoglycan substrate for sortase-catalyzed surface protein anchoring. The Journal of biological chemistry. 2002 May; 277(18):16241-8. doi: 10.1074/jbc.m109194200. [PMID: 11856734]
  • A Khajuria, N Thusu, U Zutshi. Piperine modulates permeability characteristics of intestine by inducing alterations in membrane dynamics: influence on brush border membrane fluidity, ultrastructure and enzyme kinetics. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology. 2002 Apr; 9(3):224-31. doi: 10.1078/0944-7113-00114. [PMID: 12046863]
  • Helena Alves de Carvalho Sampaio, Krishnamurti de Morais Carvalho, Manassés Claudino Fonteles. Metabolism of tetraglycine in isolated non-filtering rat kidneys. Research communications in molecular pathology and pharmacology. 2002; 112(1-4):83-9. doi: . [PMID: 15080499]
  • C Madhavaiah, S Verma. Kinetic evaluation of a metalated diglycine conjugate as a functional mimetic of phosphate ester hydrolase. Bioconjugate chemistry. 2001 Nov; 12(6):855-60. doi: 10.1021/bc000140y. [PMID: 11716674]
  • A Ménard, R Castonguay, C Lherbet, C Rivard, Y Roupioz, J W Keillor. Nonlinear free energy relationship in the general-acid-catalyzed acylation of rat kidney gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase by a series of gamma-glutamyl anilide substrate analogues. Biochemistry. 2001 Oct; 40(42):12678-85. doi: 10.1021/bi011234d. [PMID: 11601992]
  • T Terada, K Sawada, T Ito, H Saito, Y Hashimoto, K Inui. Functional expression of novel peptide transporter in renal basolateral membranes. American journal of physiology. Renal physiology. 2000 Nov; 279(5):F851-7. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.2000.279.5.f851. [PMID: 11053045]
  • M Enoiu, H Aberkane, J F Salazar, P Leroy, J Groffen, G Siest, M Wellman. Evidence for the pro-oxidant effect of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase-related enzyme. Free radical biology & medicine. 2000 Nov; 29(9):825-33. doi: 10.1016/s0891-5849(00)00370-1. [PMID: 11063908]
  • H Wang, Y J Fei, V Ganapathy, F H Leibach. Electrophysiological characteristics of the proton-coupled peptide transporter PEPT2 cloned from rat brain. The American journal of physiology. 1998 10; 275(4):C967-75. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.1998.275.4.c967. [PMID: 9755050]
  • M Kinuta, H Shimizu, T Ubuka. Determination of chiral catabolites from S-[2-carboxyl-1-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethyl]glutathione, a proposed metabolite of L-histidine, by capillary electrophoresis]. Journal of chromatography. A. 1998 Apr; 802(1):73-81. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9673(97)01103-5. [PMID: 9616039]
  • N Yabe, H Matsui. Effects of iron chelates on the transferrin-free culture of rat dermal fibroblasts through active oxygen generation. In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal. 1997 Jul; 33(7):527-35. doi: 10.1007/s11626-997-0095-1. [PMID: 9282313]
  • H A Sampaio, K M Carvalho, M C Fonteles. Metabolism of diglycine and triglycine by non-filtering kidneys. Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas. 1997 Feb; 30(2):187-90. doi: 10.1590/s0100-879x1997000200005. [PMID: 9239303]
  • T Asakura, N Takahashi, K Takada, T Inoue, K Ohkawa. Drug conjugate of doxorubicin with glutathione is a potent reverser of multidrug resistance in rat hepatoma cells. Anti-cancer drugs. 1997 Feb; 8(2):199-203. doi: 10.1097/00001813-199702000-00011. [PMID: 9073316]
  • L Dvoráková, J Krůsek, F Stastný, V Lisý. Analysis of kinetic properties of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase from rat kidney. General physiology and biophysics. 1996 Oct; 15(5):403-13. doi: NULL. [PMID: 9228521]
  • B J Johnson, M R Hathaway, P T Anderson, J C Meiske, W R Dayton. Stimulation of circulating insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBP) due to administration of a combined trenbolone acetate and estradiol implant in feedlot cattle. Journal of animal science. 1996 Feb; 74(2):372-9. doi: 10.2527/1996.742372x. [PMID: 8690673]
  • J L Groff, R B Rutkowski, N B Brantley. Automation of a kinetic method for determining angiotensin-converting enzyme in serum. Clinical chemistry. 1995 Nov; 41(11):1662-3. doi: 10.1093/clinchem/41.11.1662. [PMID: 7586559]
  • H Daniel, S A Adibi. Selective effect of zinc on uphill transport of oligopeptides into kidney brush border membrane vesicles. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. 1995 Aug; 9(11):1112-7. doi: 10.1096/fasebj.9.11.7649411. [PMID: 7649411]
  • M Ciotti, M T Yeatman, R J Sokol, I S Owens. Altered coding for a strictly conserved di-glycine in the major bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase of a Crigler-Najjar type I patient. The Journal of biological chemistry. 1995 Feb; 270(7):3284-91. doi: 10.1074/jbc.270.7.3284. [PMID: 7852413]
  • A Jamaï, C Gaillard, S Delrot, E Martinoia. Dipeptide transport in barley mesophyll vacuoles. Planta. 1995; 196(3):430-3. doi: 10.1007/bf00203640. [PMID: 7647680]
  • H Gunji, H Kochi, K Hiraiwa. Comparison of kinetic property between human seminal and renal gamma-glutamyltransferase. Fukushima journal of medical science. 1994 Dec; 40(2):119-32. doi: NULL. [PMID: 7642163]
  • S Fougeray, A Slingeneyer, J M Bastide, C Mion, M Bastide. Dialysis solutions buffered with lactate or bicarbonate: in vitro comparison of two dialysis solutions on human peritoneal cell growth from ESRD and non-ESRD patients. Advances in peritoneal dialysis. Conference on Peritoneal Dialysis. 1994; 10(?):235-40. doi: NULL. [PMID: 7999836]
  • R Hori, Y Tomita, T Katsura, M Yasuhara, K Inui, M Takano. Transport of bestatin in rat renal brush-border membrane vesicles. Biochemical pharmacology. 1993 May; 45(9):1763-8. doi: 10.1016/0006-2952(93)90431-u. [PMID: 8494534]
  • K Hashimoto, M Shimizu. Epithelial properties of human intestinal Caco-2 cells cultured in a serum-free medium. Cytotechnology. 1993; 13(3):175-84. doi: 10.1007/bf00749813. [PMID: 7764660]
  • S Jain, C V Kumar, D S Kalonia. Protein-peptide interactions as probed by tryptophan fluorescence: serum albumins and enkephalin metabolites. Pharmaceutical research. 1992 Aug; 9(8):990-2. doi: 10.1023/a:1015890024702. [PMID: 1409388]
  • P C Nicholas, D L Thomas. The measurement of gamma-glutamyl transferase activity in sheep liver, kidney and pancreas with oxidized glutathione. A comparison with the activities found using gamma-glutamyl p-nitroanilide in the absence and presence of glycylglycine. Biochemical Society transactions. 1991 Feb; 19(1):49S. doi: 10.1042/bst019049s. [PMID: 1674705]
  • D K Patel, A Ogunbona, L J Notarianni, P N Bennett. Depletion of plasma glycine and effect of glycine by mouth on salicylate metabolism during aspirin overdose. Human & experimental toxicology. 1990 Nov; 9(6):389-95. doi: 10.1177/096032719000900606. [PMID: 2271231]
  • M C Fonteles, J V Oliveira, K M Carvalho. Metabolism of dipeptides by isolated and perfused nonfiltering kidneys. Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas. 1990; 23(9):785-7. doi: NULL. [PMID: 2101317]
  • T Seki, Y Yanagihara, K Noguchi. Determination of salsolinol by ion-exchange chromatography with glycylglycine as the post-derivatizing agent. Journal of chromatography. 1988 Dec; 459(?):245-9. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)82033-1. [PMID: 3243899]
  • K Iseki, M Sugawara, H Saitoh, K Miyazaki, T Arita. Effect of chlorpromazine on the permeability of beta-lactam antibiotics across rat intestinal brush border membrane vesicles. The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology. 1988 Oct; 40(10):701-5. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1988.tb06998.x. [PMID: 2907536]
  • H Lochs, P E Williams, E L Morse, N N Abumrad, S A Adibi. Metabolism of dipeptides and their constituent amino acids by liver, gut, kidney, and muscle. The American journal of physiology. 1988 May; 254(5 Pt 1):E588-94. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.1988.254.5.e588. [PMID: 3364562]
  • A A Stark, E Zeiger, D A Pagano. Glutathione mutagenesis in Salmonella typhimurium TA100: dependence on a single enzyme, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase. Mutation research. 1987 Mar; 177(1):45-52. doi: 10.1016/0027-5107(87)90020-0. [PMID: 2881203]
  • L H Lash, M W Anders. Cytotoxicity of S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)glutathione and S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine in isolated rat kidney cells. The Journal of biological chemistry. 1986 Oct; 261(28):13076-81. doi: . [PMID: 2875994]
  • Y Miyamoto, V Ganapathy, F H Leibach. Proton gradient-coupled uphill transport of glycylsarcosine in rabbit renal brush-border membrane vesicles. Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 1985 Nov; 132(3):946-53. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(85)91899-6. [PMID: 4074356]
  • T Seki, Y Yamaguchi, K Noguchi, Y Yanagihara. Estimation of catecholamines by ion-exchange chromatography on Asahipak ES-502C, using glycylglycine as the post-derivatizing agent. Journal of chromatography. 1985 Sep; 332(?):9-13. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)83281-7. [PMID: 4055945]
  • N Takuwa, T Shimada, H Matsumoto, T Hoshi. Proton-coupled transport of glycylglycine in rabbit renal brush-border membrane vesicles. Biochimica et biophysica acta. 1985 Mar; 814(1):186-90. doi: 10.1016/0005-2736(85)90435-3. [PMID: 2983762]
  • T Seki, Y Yamaguchi. Fluorimetric determination of catecholamines using glycylglycine as the reagent for post-column derivatization. Journal of chromatography. 1984 Apr; 287(2):407-12. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)87718-9. [PMID: 6725462]
  • S Samuels, I Fish, S A Schwartz. Anticonvulsant activity of glycylglycine and delta-aminovaleric acid: evidence for glutamine exchange in amino acid transport. Journal of neurochemistry. 1983 Apr; 40(4):1063-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1983.tb08093.x. [PMID: 6834037]
  • G Sterner, T Lindberg, T Denneberg. Small intestinal absorption of glycine and glycyl-glycine in patients with chronic renal failure. Acta medica Scandinavica. 1983; 213(5):375-9. doi: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1983.tb03754.x. [PMID: 6880860]
  • F Schiele, Y Artur, D Bagrel, C Petitclerc, G Siest. Measurement of plasma gamma-glutamyltransferase in clinical chemistry: kinetic basis and standardisation propositions. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry. 1981 May; 112(2):187-95. doi: 10.1016/0009-8981(81)90377-6. [PMID: 6113067]
  • P D Dass, T C Welbourne. Evidence for lumenal and antilumenal localization of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase in rat kidney. Life sciences. 1981 Jan; 28(4):355-60. doi: 10.1016/0024-3205(81)90079-5. [PMID: 6111728]
  • J L Plummer, B R Smith, H Sies, J R Bend. Chemical depletion of glutathione in vivo. Methods in enzymology. 1981; 77(?):50-9. doi: 10.1016/s0076-6879(81)77010-1. [PMID: 7035795]
  • E Prusak, M Siewiński, A Szewczuk. A new fluorimetric method for the determination of gamma-glutamyltransferase activity in blood serum. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry. 1980 Oct; 107(1-2):21-6. doi: 10.1016/0009-8981(80)90409-x. [PMID: 6107183]
  • T C Welbourne, P D Dass, R L Smith. Renal glutamine utilization: glycylglycine stimulation of gamma-glutamyltransferase. Canadian journal of biochemistry. 1980 Aug; 58(8):614-9. doi: 10.1139/o80-084. [PMID: 6109560]
  • F N Minard, D S Grant, J C Cain, P H Jones, J Kyncl. Metabolism of gamma-glutamyl dopamide and its carboxylic acid esters. Biochemical pharmacology. 1980 Jan; 29(1):69-75. doi: 10.1016/0006-2952(80)90246-4. [PMID: 6102465]
  • T C Welbourne. Ammonia production and glutamine incorporation into glutathione in the functioning rat kidney. Canadian journal of biochemistry. 1979 Mar; 57(3):233-7. doi: 10.1139/o79-029. [PMID: 436006]
  • A Szewczuk, M Wellman-Bednawska. The use of gamma-glutamyl-p-aminobenzoic acid as the substrate for determination of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity in blood serum. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry. 1978 Mar; 84(1-2):19-26. doi: 10.1016/0009-8981(78)90471-0. [PMID: 25149]