Nordazepam (BioDeep_00000397515)

Main id: BioDeep_00000002111

 

natural product


代谢物信息卡片


Nordiazepam

化学式: C15H11ClN2O (270.056)
中文名称: 去甲西泮, Nordazepam
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 () 0%

分子结构信息

SMILES: C1C(=O)NC2=C(C=C(C=C2)Cl)C(=N1)C3=CC=CC=C3
InChI: InChI=1S/C15H11ClN2O/c16-11-6-7-13-12(8-11)15(17-9-14(19)18-13)10-4-2-1-3-5-10/h1-8H,9H2,(H,18,19)

描述信息

A 1,4-benzodiazepinone having phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively; it has anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant and sedative properties but is used primarily in the treatment of anxiety.
D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014151 - Anti-Anxiety Agents
D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents
N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05B - Anxiolytics > N05BA - Benzodiazepine derivatives
C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic > C1012 - Benzodiazepine
D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants
D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018682 - GABA Agents > D018757 - GABA Modulators
C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C28197 - Antianxiety Agent
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1611

同义名列表

4 个代谢物同义名

Nordazepam; Nordiazepam; Nordazepam; Nordazepam



数据库引用编号

24 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

PlantCyc(0)

代谢反应

0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(0)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。

亚细胞结构定位 关联基因列表
Cytoplasm 8 ALB, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP3A4, NR1I3, PTP4A2
Peripheral membrane protein 2 CYP1B1, CYP2B6
Endoplasmic reticulum membrane 7 CYP1A2, CYP1B1, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP3A4
Nucleus 4 ALB, FOS, NR1I3, PTP4A2
cytosol 5 ALB, AP1AR, FOS, NR1I3, PTP4A2
dendrite 1 HTR1A
centrosome 1 ALB
nucleoplasm 2 FOS, NR1I3
RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex 1 FOS
Cell membrane 2 ABCB11, HTR1A
Multi-pass membrane protein 4 ABCB11, ATP4A, HTR1A, SLC45A2
Golgi apparatus membrane 1 A4GALT
Synapse 1 HTR1A
cell surface 1 ABCB11
Golgi apparatus 3 ALB, AP1AR, DBI
Golgi membrane 2 A4GALT, ABCB11
endosome 2 ABCB11, AP1AR
plasma membrane 7 ABCB11, ATP4A, CYP2C19, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, HTR1A, PTP4A2
Membrane 6 A4GALT, ABCB11, ATP4A, CYP1B1, CYP3A4, SLC45A2
apical plasma membrane 2 ABCB11, ATP4A
axon 1 CCK
extracellular exosome 3 ABCB11, ALB, DBI
endoplasmic reticulum 3 ALB, DBI, FOS
extracellular space 3 ALB, ATP4A, CCK
intercellular canaliculus 1 ABCB11
mitochondrion 1 CYP1B1
protein-containing complex 1 ALB
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle 7 CYP1A2, CYP1B1, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP3A4
Microsome membrane 5 CYP1A2, CYP1B1, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP3A4
Secreted 3 ALB, CCK, TRH
extracellular region 3 ALB, CCK, TRH
anchoring junction 1 ALB
Melanosome membrane 1 SLC45A2
Early endosome 2 AP1AR, PTP4A2
recycling endosome 1 ABCB11
Single-pass type II membrane protein 1 A4GALT
Apical cell membrane 2 ABCB11, ATP4A
Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton 1 NR1I3
secretory granule 1 TRH
Late endosome 1 AP1AR
ciliary basal body 1 ALB
chromatin 2 FOS, NR1I3
cytoskeleton 1 NR1I3
centriole 1 ALB
spindle pole 1 ALB
blood microparticle 1 ALB
Recycling endosome membrane 1 ABCB11
Cell projection, dendrite 1 HTR1A
endoplasmic reticulum lumen 2 ALB, DBI
nuclear matrix 1 FOS
platelet alpha granule lumen 1 ALB
transport vesicle 1 AP1AR
perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum 1 DBI
protein-DNA complex 1 FOS
intracellular canaliculus 1 ABCB11
transcription factor AP-1 complex 1 FOS
protein-lipid complex 1 DBI
potassium:proton exchanging ATPase complex 1 ATP4A
ciliary transition fiber 1 ALB


文献列表

  • Le-le Wang, Xin-Xin Ren, Yi He, Guan-Feng Cui, Jia-Jia Liu, Juan Jia, Jie Cao, Yao Liu, Bin Cong, Zhi-Wen Wei, Ke-Ming Yun. Pharmacokinetics of Diazepam and Its Metabolites in Urine of Chinese Participants. Drugs in R&D. 2022 Mar; 22(1):43-50. doi: 10.1007/s40268-021-00375-y. [PMID: 35099786]
  • Ina Schenk, Marc Machnik, Diane Broussou, Astrid Meuly, Béatrice B Roques, Elodie Lallemand, Michael Düe, Helma Röttgen, Henrike Lagershausen, Pierre-Louis Toutain, Mario Thevis. Kinetic disposition of diazepam and its metabolites after intravenous administration of diazepam in the horse: Relevance for doping control. Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics. 2021 Sep; 44(5):733-744. doi: 10.1111/jvp.12991. [PMID: 34115414]
  • Claudia Carelli, Francesca Freni, Matteo Moretti, Claudia Vignali, Marco Ballardini, Luca Morini. A case report on fatal intoxication by tapentadol: Study of distribution and metabolism. Forensic science international. 2021 Jul; 324(?):110825. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.110825. [PMID: 34000617]
  • Gamze Avcioglu, Gulsen Yilmaz, Safak Yalcin Sahiner, L Didem Kozaci, Ceylan Bal, Fatma Meric Yilmaz. Evaluation of the diagnostic performance of an oral fluid screening test device for substance abuse at traffic controls. Clinical biochemistry. 2021 Jul; 93(?):112-118. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2021.04.009. [PMID: 33882283]
  • Tobie D Lee, Olivia W Lee, Kyle R Brimacombe, Lu Chen, Rajarshi Guha, Sabrina Lusvarghi, Bethilehem G Tebase, Carleen Klumpp-Thomas, Robert W Robey, Suresh V Ambudkar, Min Shen, Michael M Gottesman, Matthew D Hall. A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Molecular pharmacology. 2019 11; 96(5):629-640. doi: 10.1124/mol.119.115964. [PMID: 31515284]
  • Sabrina Lehmann, Alissa Sczyslo, Judith Froch-Cortis, Markus Alexander Rothschild, Mario Thevis, Hilke Andresen-Streichert, Katja Mercer-Chalmers-Bender. Organ distribution of diclazepam, pyrazolam and 3-fluorophenmetrazine. Forensic science international. 2019 Oct; 303(?):109959. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109959. [PMID: 31546164]
  • Michele Fabrazzo, Antonietta Fuschillo, Francesco Perris, Francesco Catapano. The unmasking of hidden severe hyponatremia after long-term combination therapy in exacerbated bipolar patients: a case series. International clinical psychopharmacology. 2019 07; 34(4):206-210. doi: 10.1097/yic.0000000000000265. [PMID: 30998596]
  • V Bugelli, L Papi, S Fornaro, F Stefanelli, S Chericoni, M Giusiani, S Vanin, C P Campobasso. Entomotoxicology in burnt bodies: a case of maternal filicide-suicide by fire. International journal of legal medicine. 2017 Sep; 131(5):1299-1306. doi: 10.1007/s00414-017-1628-0. [PMID: 28691148]
  • Paula Melo, Pedro Costa, Maria José Quintas, André Castro, Sónia Tarelho, João Miguel Franco, Helena M Teixeira. Pentobarbital in the context of possible suicides: Analysis of a Case. Forensic science international. 2017 May; 274(?):109-112. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.11.042. [PMID: 28007369]
  • Mahsa Torabizadeh, Zahra Talebpour, Nuoshin Adib, Hassan Y Aboul-Enein. Preparation of a novel sorptive stir bar based on vinylpyrrolidone-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate monolithic polymer for the simultaneous extraction of diazepam and nordazepam from human plasma. Journal of separation science. 2016 Apr; 39(7):1316-25. doi: 10.1002/jssc.201501273. [PMID: 26840622]
  • Sabine Klein, Marion Bankstahl, Martina Gramer, Maria Hausknecht, Wolfgang Löscher. Low doses of ethanol markedly potentiate the anti-seizure effect of diazepam in a mouse model of difficult-to-treat focal seizures. Epilepsy research. 2014 Dec; 108(10):1719-27. doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2014.10.002. [PMID: 25458535]
  • Elisabetta Bertol, Francesco Mari, Rafael Boscolo Berto, Guido Mannaioni, Fabio Vaiano, Donata Favretto. A mixed MDPV and benzodiazepine intoxication in a chronic drug abuser: determination of MDPV metabolites by LC-HRMS and discussion of the case. Forensic science international. 2014 Oct; 243(?):149-55. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.08.002. [PMID: 25199615]
  • Samantha Luk, Rabia S Atayee, Joseph D Ma, Brookie M Best. Urinary diazepam metabolite distribution in a chronic pain population. Journal of analytical toxicology. 2014 Apr; 38(3):135-42. doi: 10.1093/jat/bku001. [PMID: 24500275]
  • Alan W Jones, Anita Holmgren. Concentrations of diazepam and nordiazepam in 1,000 blood samples from apprehended drivers--therapeutic use or abuse of anxiolytics?. Journal of pharmacy practice. 2013 Jun; 26(3):198-203. doi: 10.1177/0897190012451910. [PMID: 22797834]
  • Curtis W Probst, William B Thomas, Tamberlyn D Moyers, Tomas Martin, Sherry Cox. Evaluation of plasma diazepam and nordiazepam concentrations following administration of diazepam intravenously or via suppository per rectum in dogs. American journal of veterinary research. 2013 Apr; 74(4):611-5. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.74.4.611. [PMID: 23531069]
  • Stephanie J Marin, Mark Roberts, Michelle Wood, Gwendolyn A McMillin. Sensitive UPLC-MS-MS assay for 21 benzodiazepine drugs and metabolites, zolpidem and zopiclone in serum or plasma. Journal of analytical toxicology. 2012 Sep; 36(7):472-6. doi: 10.1093/jat/bks059. [PMID: 22833647]
  • B KuKanich, J L Nauss. Pharmacokinetics of the cytochrome P-450 substrates phenytoin, theophylline, and diazepam in healthy Greyhound dogs. Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics. 2012 Jun; 35(3):275-81. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2011.01316.x. [PMID: 21692812]
  • N Cartiser, F Bévalot, C Le Meur, Y Gaillard, D Malicier, N Hubert, J Guitton. Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay for the quantification of four benzodiazepines and citalopram in eleven postmortem rabbit fluids and tissues, with application to animal and human samples. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 2011 Oct; 879(27):2909-18. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.08.023. [PMID: 21907645]
  • Michael Maringka, Shibashish Giri, Karen Nieber, Ali Acikgöz, Augustinus Bader. Biotransformation of diazepam in a clinically relevant flat membrane bioreactor model using primary porcine hepatocytes. Fundamental & clinical pharmacology. 2011 Jun; 25(3):343-53. doi: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2010.00857.x. [PMID: 20618872]
  • S E Musulin, C L Mariani, M G Papich. Diazepam pharmacokinetics after nasal drop and atomized nasal administration in dogs. Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics. 2011 Feb; 34(1):17-24. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2010.01186.x. [PMID: 21219339]
  • Michael J Lamson, Diane Sitki-Green, Gerald L Wannarka, Michael Mesa, Paul Andrews, John Pellock. Pharmacokinetics of diazepam administered intramuscularly by autoinjector versus rectal gel in healthy subjects: a phase I, randomized, open-label, single-dose, crossover, single-centre study. Clinical drug investigation. 2011; 31(8):585-597. doi: 10.2165/11590250-000000000-00000. [PMID: 21721594]
  • Shanlin Fu, John Lewis, Hongjie Wang, Jim Keegan, Michael Dawson. A novel reductive transformation of oxazepam to nordiazepam observed during enzymatic hydrolysis. Journal of analytical toxicology. 2010 Jun; 34(5):243-51. doi: 10.1093/jat/34.5.243. [PMID: 20529458]
  • Sarah J Glover, Keith R Allen. Measurement of benzodiazepines in urine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: confirmation of samples screened by immunoassay. Annals of clinical biochemistry. 2010 Mar; 47(Pt 2):111-7. doi: 10.1258/acb.2009.009172. [PMID: 19969595]
  • Josh Gunn, Scott Kriger, Andrea R Terrell. Simultaneous determination and quantification of 12 benzodiazepines in serum or whole blood using UPLC/MS/MS. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.). 2010; 603(?):107-19. doi: 10.1007/978-1-60761-459-3_10. [PMID: 20077063]
  • Stephanie J Marin, Gwendolyn A McMillin. LC-MS/MS analysis of 13 benzodiazepines and metabolites in urine, serum, plasma, and meconium. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.). 2010; 603(?):89-105. doi: 10.1007/978-1-60761-459-3_9. [PMID: 20077062]
  • Bruce A Goldberger, Chris W Chronister, Michele L Merves. Quantitation of benzodiazepines in blood and urine using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.). 2010; 603(?):75-87. doi: 10.1007/978-1-60761-459-3_8. [PMID: 20077061]
  • Diogo Oliveira-Silva, Celso H Oliveira, Gustavo D Mendes, Paulo Alexandre R Galvinas, Rafael E Barrientos-Astigarraga, Gilberto De Nucci. Quantification of chlordesmethyldiazepam by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: application to a cloxazolam bioequivalence study. Biomedical chromatography : BMC. 2009 Dec; 23(12):1266-75. doi: 10.1002/bmc.1249. [PMID: 19488979]
  • Laura Mercolini, Roberto Mandrioli, Carmelina Iannello, Francesco Matrisciano, Ferdinando Nicoletti, Maria Augusta Raggi. Simultaneous analysis of diazepam and its metabolites in rat plasma and brain tissue by HPLC-UV and SPE. Talanta. 2009 Nov; 80(1):279-85. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2009.06.074. [PMID: 19782227]
  • Hironobu Umezawa, Xiao-Pen Lee, Yoshiko Arima, Chika Hasegawa, Akemi Marumo, Takeshi Kumazawa, Keizo Sato. Determination of diazepam and its metabolites in human urine by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry using a hydrophilic polymer column. Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM. 2008 Aug; 22(15):2333-41. doi: 10.1002/rcm.3613. [PMID: 18618924]
  • Stanislas Grassin Delyle, Charlotte Duverneuil-Mayer, Emuri Abe, Bertille Mathieu, Geoffroy Lorin De La Grandmaison, Philippe Charlier, Jean Claude Alvarez. Fatal intoxication with labetalol (Trandate). Forensic science international. 2008 Jul; 178(2-3):e19-21. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2008.03.003. [PMID: 18406090]
  • R Scott Obach, Franco Lombardo, Nigel J Waters. Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2008 Jul; 36(7):1385-405. doi: 10.1124/dmd.108.020479. [PMID: 18426954]
  • Pi Cheng, Quan Zhang, Yun-Bao Ma, Zhi-Yong Jiang, Xue-Mei Zhang, Feng-Xue Zhang, Ji-Jun Chen. Synthesis and in vitro anti-hepatitis B virus activities of 4-aryl-6-chloro-quinolin-2-one and 5-aryl-7-chloro-1,4-benzodiazepine derivatives. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters. 2008 Jul; 18(13):3787-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.05.065. [PMID: 18524583]
  • Craig Lehmann, Gerald L Wannarka. Bioavailability and dose proportionality of intramuscular diazepam administered by autoinjector. Journal of clinical pharmacology. 2008 Apr; 48(4):436-44. doi: 10.1177/0091270007311572. [PMID: 18238878]
  • Guillaume Hoizey, Frédéric Canas, Laurent Binet, Matthieu L Kaltenbach, Gérard Jeunehomme, Marie-Hélène Bernard, Denis Lamiable. Thiodicarb and methomyl tissue distribution in a fatal multiple compounds poisoning. Journal of forensic sciences. 2008 Mar; 53(2):499-502. doi: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2008.00676.x. [PMID: 18366586]
  • Teijo I Saari, Kari Laine, Leif Bertilsson, Pertti J Neuvonen, Klaus T Olkkola. Voriconazole and fluconazole increase the exposure to oral diazepam. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2007 Oct; 63(10):941-9. doi: 10.1007/s00228-007-0350-0. [PMID: 17676319]
  • Ilona Fitos, Júlia Visy, Ferenc Zsila, György Mády, Miklós Simonyi. Conformation selectivity in the binding of diazepam and analogues to alpha1-acid glycoprotein. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry. 2007 Jul; 15(14):4857-62. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.04.060. [PMID: 17507228]
  • Amir G Kazemifard, Alireza Dabirsiaghi, Kheirollah Gholami, Neda Javadzadeh. New high-performance liquid chromatographic method for serum analysis of oxazepam: application to bioequivalence and pharmacokinetic study. Acta poloniae pharmaceutica. 2007 Jul; 64(4):287-93. doi: NULL. [PMID: 18536153]
  • Marion Pavlic, Kathrin Libiseller, Petra Grubwieser, Heinrich Schubert, Walter Rabl. Medicolegal aspects of tetrazepam metabolism. International journal of legal medicine. 2007 May; 121(3):169-74. doi: 10.1007/s00414-006-0118-6. [PMID: 17021899]
  • Saïd Kinani, Stéphane Bouchonnet, Nathalie Milan, Ivan Ricordel. A sensitive and selective method for the detection of diazepam and its main metabolites in urine by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of chromatography. A. 2007 Feb; 1141(1):131-7. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.12.008. [PMID: 17187809]
  • Lucia Politi, Claudia Vignali, Aldo Polettini. LC-MS-MS analysis of 2,4-dinitrophenol and its phase I and II metabolites in a case of fatal poisoning. Journal of analytical toxicology. 2007 Jan; 31(1):55-61. doi: 10.1093/jat/31.1.55. [PMID: 17389084]
  • Amir G Kazemifard, Kheirollah Gholami, Alireza Dabirsiaghi. Optimized determination of lorazepam in human serum by extraction and high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis. Acta pharmaceutica (Zagreb, Croatia). 2006 Dec; 56(4):481-8. doi: NULL. [PMID: 19839140]
  • Franz E Dussy, Cornelia Hamberg, Thomas A Briellmann. Quantification of benzodiazepines in whole blood and serum. International journal of legal medicine. 2006 Nov; 120(6):323-30. doi: 10.1007/s00414-005-0042-1. [PMID: 16220317]
  • Stephane Pirnay, Françoise Hervé, Stéphane Bouchonnet, Bérengère Perrin, Frédéric J Baud, Ivan Ricordel. Liquid chromatographic-electrospray ionization mass spectrometric quantitative analysis of buprenorphine, norbuprenorphine, nordiazepam and oxazepam in rat plasma. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 2006 Jun; 41(4):1135-45. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.02.020. [PMID: 16554136]
  • Florin Marcel Musteata, Mihaela L Musteata, Janusz Pawliszyn. Fast in vivo microextraction: a new tool for clinical analysis. Clinical chemistry. 2006 Apr; 52(4):708-15. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2005.064758. [PMID: 16497936]
  • Marjorie Chèze, Gaëlle Duffort, Marc Deveaux, Gilbert Pépin. Hair analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in toxicological investigation of drug-facilitated crimes: report of 128 cases over the period June 2003-May 2004 in metropolitan Paris. Forensic science international. 2005 Oct; 153(1):3-10. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.04.021. [PMID: 15922526]
  • David L Burrows, Andrea Nicolaides, Peter J Rice, Michelle Dufforc, David A Johnson, Kenneth E Ferslew. Papain: a novel urine adulterant. Journal of analytical toxicology. 2005 Jul; 29(5):275-95. doi: 10.1093/jat/29.5.275. [PMID: 16105251]
  • Frank T Peters, Julia Jung, Thomas Kraemer, Hans H Maurer. Fast, simple, and validated gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric assay for quantification of drugs relevant to diagnosis of brain death in human blood plasma samples. Therapeutic drug monitoring. 2005 Jun; 27(3):334-44. doi: 10.1097/01.ftd.0000158079.53577.46. [PMID: 15905804]
  • Paraskevi Valavani, Julia Atta-Politou, Irene Panderi. Development and validation of a liquid chromatographic/electrospray ionization mass spectrometric method for the quantitation of prazepam and its main metabolites in human plasma. Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS. 2005 Apr; 40(4):516-26. doi: 10.1002/jms.824. [PMID: 15712230]
  • Piotr Adamowicz, Maria Kała. Date-rape drugs scene in Poland. Przeglad lekarski. 2005; 62(6):572-5. doi: . [PMID: 16225127]
  • Alan Wayne Jones, Helena Larsson. Distribution of diazepam and nordiazepam between plasma and whole blood and the influence of hematocrit. Therapeutic drug monitoring. 2004 Aug; 26(4):380-5. doi: 10.1097/00007691-200408000-00007. [PMID: 15257067]
  • Carsten Kratzsch, Oliver Tenberken, Frank T Peters, Armin A Weber, Thomas Kraemer, Hans H Maurer. Screening, library-assisted identification and validated quantification of 23 benzodiazepines, flumazenil, zaleplone, zolpidem and zopiclone in plasma by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization. Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS. 2004 Aug; 39(8):856-72. doi: 10.1002/jms.599. [PMID: 15329838]
  • Franco Lombardo, R Scott Obach, Marina Y Shalaeva, Feng Gao. Prediction of human volume of distribution values for neutral and basic drugs. 2. Extended data set and leave-class-out statistics. Journal of medicinal chemistry. 2004 Feb; 47(5):1242-50. doi: 10.1021/jm030408h. [PMID: 14971904]
  • Sevil Yasar, Jack Bergman, Patrik Munzar, Godfrey Redhi, Christine Tober, Norbert Knebel, Michael Zschiesche, Carol Paronis. Evaluation of the novel antiepileptic drug, AWD 131-138, for benzodiazepine-like discriminative stimulus and reinforcing effects in squirrel monkeys. European journal of pharmacology. 2003 Apr; 465(3):257-65. doi: 10.1016/s0014-2999(03)01533-4. [PMID: 12681437]
  • Yasmina Djeridane, Yvan Touitou. Effects of diazepam and its metabolites on nocturnal melatonin secretion in the rat pineal and Harderian glands. A comparative in vivo and in vitro study. Chronobiology international. 2003 Mar; 20(2):285-97. doi: 10.1081/cbi-120018579. [PMID: 12723886]
  • Young-Sihn Sihn, Hee-Sun Chung. Interpretations of the TDxFLx calibration data of the abused drugs. Forensic science international. 2003 Jan; 131(1):1-7. doi: 10.1016/s0379-0738(02)00345-6. [PMID: 12505464]
  • Eva Bredberg, Tommy B Andersson, Lars Frison, Annelie Thuresson, Susanne Johansson, Maria Eriksson-Lepkowska, Marita Larsson, Ulf G Eriksson. Ximelagatran, an oral direct thrombin inhibitor, has a low potential for cytochrome P450-mediated drug-drug interactions. Clinical pharmacokinetics. 2003; 42(8):765-77. doi: 10.2165/00003088-200342080-00005. [PMID: 12846597]
  • M Pavlic, A Haidekker, P Grubwieser, W Rabl. Fatal accident caused by isoflurane abuse. International journal of legal medicine. 2002 Dec; 116(6):357-60. doi: 10.1007/s00414-002-0340-9. [PMID: 12596784]
  • Carlo G Zambonin, Antonella Aresta. SPME-LC with UV detection to study delorazepam-serum albumin interactions. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 2002 Jul; 29(5):895-900. doi: 10.1016/s0731-7085(02)00217-0. [PMID: 12093523]
  • Wayne M Mullett, Karsten Levsen, Dieter Lubda, Janusz Pawliszy. Bio-compatible in-tube solid-phase microextraction capillary for the direct extraction and high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of drugs in human serum. Journal of chromatography. A. 2002 Jul; 963(1-2):325-34. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)00216-9. [PMID: 12187987]
  • Antonella Aresta, Linda Monaci, Carlo Giorgio Zambonin. Determination of delorazepam in urine by solid-phase microextraction coupled to high performance liquid chromatography. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 2002 Jun; 28(5):965-72. doi: 10.1016/s0731-7085(02)00012-2. [PMID: 12039639]
  • Stephane Pirnay, Ivan Ricordel, Danielle Libong, Stéphane Bouchonnet. Sensitive method for the detection of 22 benzodiazepines by gas chromatography-ion trap tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of chromatography. A. 2002 Apr; 954(1-2):235-45. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)00190-5. [PMID: 12058908]
  • Wayne M Mullett, Janusz Pawliszyn. Direct determination of benzodiazepines in biological fluids by restricted-access solid-phase microextraction. Analytical chemistry. 2002 Mar; 74(5):1081-7. doi: 10.1021/ac010747n. [PMID: 11924967]
  • W M Mullett, J Pawliszyn. Direct LC analysis of five benzodiazepines in human urine and plasma using an ADS restricted access extraction column. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 2001 Dec; 26(5-6):899-908. doi: 10.1016/s0731-7085(01)00461-7. [PMID: 11600302]
  • R R Bell, S B Crookham, W A Dunn, K M Grates, T M Reiber. A contemporaneous finding of fenproporex in a polydrug suicide. Journal of analytical toxicology. 2001 Oct; 25(7):652-6. doi: 10.1093/jat/25.7.652. [PMID: 11599619]
  • Z Liu, J Short, A Rose, S Ren, N Contel, S Grossman, S Unger. The simultaneous determination of diazepam and its three metabolites in dog plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectroscopy detection. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 2001 Sep; 26(2):321-30. doi: 10.1016/s0731-7085(01)00404-6. [PMID: 11470209]
  • A Smith-Kielland, B Skuterud, K M Olsen, J Mørland. Urinary excretion of diazepam metabolites in healthy volunteers and drug users. Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation. 2001 May; 61(3):237-46. doi: 10.1080/003655101300133676. [PMID: 11386610]
  • H G Ugland, M Krogh, K E Rasmussen. Liquid-phase microextraction as a sample preparation technique prior to capillary gas chromatographic-determination of benzodiazepines in biological matrices. Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical sciences and applications. 2000 Nov; 749(1):85-92. doi: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)00382-0. [PMID: 11129081]
  • S Stein, A Schmoldt, M Schulz. Fatal intoxication with melperone. Forensic science international. 2000 Sep; 113(1-3):409-13. doi: 10.1016/s0379-0738(00)00201-2. [PMID: 10978656]
  • X P Qin, H G Xie, W Wang, N He, S L Huang, Z H Xu, D S Ou-Yang, Y J Wang, H H Zhou. Effect of the gene dosage of CgammaP2C19 on diazepam metabolism in Chinese subjects. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 1999 Dec; 66(6):642-6. doi: 10.1016/s0009-9236(99)90075-9. [PMID: 10613621]
  • A Mozayani, J Carter, R Nix. Distribution of topiramate in a medical examiner's case. Journal of analytical toxicology. 1999 Oct; 23(6):556-8. doi: 10.1093/jat/23.6.556. [PMID: 10517568]
  • J Atta-Politou, M Parissi-Poulou, A Dona, A Koutselinis. A modified simple and rapid reversed phase liquid chromatographic method for quantification of diazepam and nordiazepam in plasma. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 1999 Jun; 20(1-2):389-96. doi: 10.1016/s0731-7085(99)00013-8. [PMID: 10704047]
  • A Marland, P Sarkar, R Leavitt. The urinary elimination profiles of diazepam and its metabolites, nordiazepam, temazepam, and oxazepam, in the equine after a 10-mg intramuscular dose. Journal of analytical toxicology. 1999 Jan; 23(1):29-34. doi: 10.1093/jat/23.1.29. [PMID: 10022206]
  • K J Reubsaet, H Ragnar Norli, P Hemmersbach, K E Rasmussen. Determination of benzodiazepines in human urine and plasma with solvent modified solid phase micro extraction and gas chromatography; rationalisation of method development using experimental design strategies. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 1998 Dec; 18(4-5):667-80. doi: 10.1016/s0731-7085(98)00275-1. [PMID: 9919968]
  • F Divanon, D Debruyne, M Moulin, R Leroyer. Benzodiazepines: toxic serum concentrations in positive enzyme immunoassay responses. Journal of analytical toxicology. 1998 Nov; 22(7):559-66. doi: 10.1093/jat/22.7.559. [PMID: 9847005]
  • R M Azzam, L J Notarianni, H M Ali. Rapid and simple chromatographic method for the determination of diazepam and its major metabolites in human plasma and urine. Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical sciences and applications. 1998 Apr; 708(1-2):304-9. doi: 10.1016/s0378-4347(98)00004-8. [PMID: 9653978]
  • M L Zeneroli, I Venturini, L Corsi, R Avallone, F Farina, G Ardizzone, M Centanaro, A Arrigo, P Schreier, M Kleinschnitz, M Baraldi. Benzodiazepine-like compounds in the plasma of patients with fulminant hepatic failure. Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology. 1998 Mar; 33(3):310-3. doi: 10.1080/00365529850170919. [PMID: 9548626]
  • M C Walker, X Tong, S Brown, S D Shorvon, P N Patsalos. Comparison of single- and repeated-dose pharmacokinetics of diazepam. Epilepsia. 1998 Mar; 39(3):283-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1998.tb01374.x. [PMID: 9578046]
  • R Swift, D Davidson, S Rosen, E Fitz, P Camara. Naltrexone effects on diazepam intoxication and pharmacokinetics in humans. Psychopharmacology. 1998 Feb; 135(3):256-62. doi: 10.1007/s002130050507. [PMID: 9498728]
  • A G Verstraete, F M Belpaire, G G Leroux-Roels. Diagnostic performance of the EMIT-tox benzodiazepine immunoassay, FPIA serum benzodiazepine immunoassay, and radioreceptor assay in suspected acute poisoning. Journal of analytical toxicology. 1998 Jan; 22(1):27-32. doi: 10.1093/jat/22.1.27. [PMID: 9491965]
  • W M Norman, M H Court, D J Greenblatt. Age-related changes in the pharmacokinetic disposition of diazepam in foals. American journal of veterinary research. 1997 Aug; 58(8):878-80. doi: NULL. [PMID: 9256974]
  • R Bolognesi, D Tsialtas, P Vasini, M Conti, C Manca. Abnormal ventricular repolarization mimicking myocardial infarction after heterocyclic antidepressant overdose. The American journal of cardiology. 1997 Jan; 79(2):242-5. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9149(96)00727-8. [PMID: 9193039]
  • M J Gardner, B A Baris, K D Wilner, S H Preskorn. Effect of sertraline on the pharmacokinetics and protein binding of diazepam in healthy volunteers. Clinical pharmacokinetics. 1997; 32 Suppl 1(?):43-9. doi: 10.2165/00003088-199700321-00007. [PMID: 9068935]
  • D J Garretty, K Wolff, A W Hay, D Raistrick. Benzodiazepine misuse by drug addicts. Annals of clinical biochemistry. 1997 Jan; 34 ( Pt 1)(?):68-73. doi: 10.1177/000456329703400110. [PMID: 9022890]
  • C Fernandes, S E File, D Berry. Evidence against oppositional and pharmacokinetic mechanisms of tolerance to diazepam's sedative effects. Brain research. 1996 Sep; 734(1-2):236-42. doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(96)00644-0. [PMID: 8896830]
  • M Franke, C L Winek, H M Kingston. Extraction of selected drugs from serum using microwave irradiation. Forensic science international. 1996 Jul; 81(1):51-9. doi: 10.1016/0379-0738(96)01943-3. [PMID: 8784994]
  • J Lamka, O Jindrová. Lymphatic bioavailability of diazepam and desmethyldiazepam in the rat. Physiological research. 1996; 45(1):23-9. doi: ". [PMID: 8884920]
  • C Dressler, K P Franke, M Herzig, U Nagel. [Benzodiazepines in geriatrics--a case report on prolonged action]. Anaesthesiologie und Reanimation. 1996; 21(5):136-8. doi: NULL. [PMID: 9044557]
  • B Pan, Y Lu, D Wang. [Determination of diazepam concentration in maternal and fetal serum after intravenous administration during active phase of labor and its effects on neonates]. Zhonghua fu chan ke za zhi. 1995 Dec; 30(12):707-10. doi: NULL. [PMID: 8728911]
  • M G Papich, J Alcorn. Absorption of diazepam after its rectal administration in dogs. American journal of veterinary research. 1995 Dec; 56(12):1629-36. doi: NULL. [PMID: 8599525]
  • E P Wala, J W Sloan. Flumazenil, diazepam, nordiazepam and oxazepam interactions on plasma protein binding. Pharmacological research. 1995 Nov; 32(5):299-304. doi: 10.1016/s1043-6618(05)80018-0. [PMID: 8868060]
  • T Ishizaki, K Chiba, K Manabe, E Koyama, M Hayashi, S Yasuda, Y Horai, Y Tomono, C Yamato, T Toyoki. Comparison of the interaction potential of a new proton pump inhibitor, E3810, versus omeprazole with diazepam in extensive and poor metabolizers of S-mephenytoin 4'-hydroxylation. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 1995 Aug; 58(2):155-64. doi: 10.1016/0009-9236(95)90193-0. [PMID: 7648765]
  • Y Caraco, T Tateishi, A J Wood. Interethnic difference in omeprazole's inhibition of diazepam metabolism. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 1995 Jul; 58(1):62-72. doi: 10.1016/0009-9236(95)90073-x. [PMID: 7628184]
  • X Jing, E P Wala, J W Sloan. Flunitrazepam and nordiazepam slowly released from silastic capsules induce physical dependence in rat. Drug and alcohol dependence. 1995 Jul; 39(1):63-70. doi: 10.1016/0376-8716(95)01138-o. [PMID: 7587976]
  • K Chiba, H Horii, T Chiba, Y Kato, T Hirano, T Ishizaki. Development and preliminary application of high-performance liquid chromatographic assay of urinary metabolites of diazepam in humans. Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical applications. 1995 Jun; 668(1):77-84. doi: 10.1016/0378-4347(95)00050-s. [PMID: 7550984]
  • J F Liu, Y Zhang. [Determination of N-demethyldiazepam and its metabolite oxazepam in plasma by HPLC and their pharmacokinetics in rats]. Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. 1995; 30(9):655-61. doi: NULL. [PMID: 8701740]
  • E Perucca, G Gatti, G Cipolla, E Spina, S Barel, S Soback, M Gips, M Bialer. Inhibition of diazepam metabolism by fluvoxamine: a pharmacokinetic study in normal volunteers. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 1994 Nov; 56(5):471-6. doi: 10.1038/clpt.1994.167. [PMID: 7955810]
  • O Kirvelä, A Katila, R Aantaa, J Kanto, J J Himberg. Metabolic and subjective responses to oral diazepam and midazolam. European journal of anaesthesiology. 1994 Sep; 11(5):365-9. doi: NULL. [PMID: 7988580]
  • A S Basile, P M Harrison, R D Hughes, Z Q Gu, L Pannell, A McKinney, E A Jones, R Williams. Relationship between plasma benzodiazepine receptor ligand concentrations and severity of hepatic encephalopathy. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.). 1994 Jan; 19(1):112-21. doi: . [PMID: 8276347]
  • W Huang, D E Moody, D M Andrenyak, D E Rollins. Immunoassay detection of nordiazepam, triazolam, lorazepam, and alprazolam in blood. Journal of analytical toxicology. 1993 Oct; 17(6):365-9. doi: 10.1093/jat/17.6.365. [PMID: 7903726]