Classification Term: 1826

Malonyl-CoA

C24H38N7O19P3S (853.1155988)

Malonyl-CoA belongs to the class of organic compounds known as acyl-CoAs. These are organic compounds containing a coenzyme A substructure linked to an acyl chain. Thus, malonyl-CoA is considered to be a fatty ester lipid molecule. Malonyl-CoA is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. Within humans, malonyl-CoA participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, malonyl-CoA can be biosynthesized from acetyl-CoA; which is mediated by the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1. In addition, malonyl-CoA can be converted into malonic acid and coenzyme A; which is catalyzed by the enzyme fatty acid synthase. Outside of the human body, malonyl-CoA has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as rapes, mamey sapotes, jews ears, pepper (C. chinense), and Alaska wild rhubarbs. This could make malonyl-CoA a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Malonyl-CoA is a coenzyme A derivative that plays a key role in fatty acid synthesis in the cytoplasmic and microsomal systems. Malonyl-coa, also known as malonyl coenzyme a or coenzyme a, s-(hydrogen propanedioate), is a member of the class of compounds known as acyl coas. Acyl coas are organic compounds containing a coenzyme A substructure linked to an acyl chain. Thus, malonyl-coa is considered to be a fatty ester lipid molecule. Malonyl-coa is slightly soluble (in water) and an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa). Malonyl-coa can be found in a number of food items such as root vegetables, sourdock, ceylon cinnamon, and buffalo currant, which makes malonyl-coa a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Malonyl-coa exists in E.coli (prokaryote) and yeast (eukaryote).

Methylmalonyl-CoA

C25H40N7O19P3S (867.131248)

Methylmalonyl-CoA is an intermediate in the metabolism of Propanoate. It is a substrate for Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (mitochondrial), Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (mitochondrial) and Methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase (mitochondrial). [HMDB] Methylmalonyl-CoA is an intermediate in the metabolism of Propanoate. It is a substrate for Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (mitochondrial), Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (mitochondrial) and Methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase (mitochondrial).

Isobutyryl-CoA

C25H42N7O17P3S (837.1570672000001)

Isobutyryl-CoA is a substrate for Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (short-chain specific, mitochondrial), Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (medium-chain specific, mitochondrial) and Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (long-chain specific, mitochondrial). [HMDB] Isobutyryl-CoA is a substrate for Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (short-chain specific, mitochondrial), Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (medium-chain specific, mitochondrial) and Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (long-chain specific, mitochondrial). Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST.

Propionyl-CoA

C24H40N7O17P3S (823.141418)

Propionyl-CoA is an intermediate in the metabolism of propanoate. Propionic aciduria is caused by an autosomal recessive disorder of propionyl coenzyme A (CoA) carboxylase deficiency (EC 6.4.1.3). In propionic aciduria, propionyl CoA accumulates within the mitochondria in massive quantities; free carnitine is then esterified, creating propionyl carnitine, which is then excreted in the urine. Because the supply of carnitine in the diet and from synthesis is limited, such patients readily develop carnitine deficiency as a result of the increased loss of acylcarnitine derivatives. This condition demands supplementation of free carnitine above the normal dietary intake to continue to remove (detoxify) the accumulating organic acids. Propionyl-CoA is a substrate for Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (medium-chain specific, mitochondrial), Acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase 2-like (mitochondrial), Propionyl-CoA carboxylase alpha chain (mitochondrial), Methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (mitochondrial), Trifunctional enzyme beta subunit (mitochondrial), 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (peroxisomal), Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (long-chain specific, mitochondrial), Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (mitochondrial), Acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase (cytoplasmic), 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (mitochondrial) and Propionyl-CoA carboxylase beta chain (mitochondrial). (PMID: 10650319) [HMDB] Propionyl-CoA is an intermediate in the metabolism of propanoate. Propionic aciduria is caused by an autosomal recessive disorder of propionyl coenzyme A (CoA) carboxylase deficiency (EC 6.4.1.3). In propionic aciduria, propionyl CoA accumulates within the mitochondria in massive quantities; free carnitine is then esterified, creating propionyl carnitine, which is then excreted in the urine. Because the supply of carnitine in the diet and from synthesis is limited, such patients readily develop carnitine deficiency as a result of the increased loss of acylcarnitine derivatives. This condition demands supplementation of free carnitine above the normal dietary intake to continue to remove (detoxify) the accumulating organic acids. Propionyl-CoA is a substrate for Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (medium-chain specific, mitochondrial), Acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase 2-like (mitochondrial), Propionyl-CoA carboxylase alpha chain (mitochondrial), Methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (mitochondrial), Trifunctional enzyme beta subunit (mitochondrial), 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (peroxisomal), Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (long-chain specific, mitochondrial), Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (mitochondrial), Acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase (cytoplasmic), 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (mitochondrial) and Propionyl-CoA carboxylase beta chain (mitochondrial). (PMID: 10650319).

3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA

C26H42N7O17P3S (849.1570672000001)

3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA, also known as beta-methylcrotonyl-coenzyme A or dimethylacryloyl-CoA, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as acyl-CoAs. These are organic compounds containing a coenzyme A substructure linked to an acyl chain. Thus, 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA is considered to be a fatty ester lipid molecule. 3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. 3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA is an essential metabolite for leucine metabolism, is a substrate of 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.4), and is a biotin-dependent mitochondrial enzyme in the catabolism of leucine (OMIM: 609010). 3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA is an essential metabolite for leucine metabolism, a substrate of 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.4), a biotin-dependent mitochondrial enzyme in the catabolism of leucine. (OMIM 609010) [HMDB]. 3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA is found in many foods, some of which are summer savory, lupine, blackcurrant, and soft-necked garlic.

Benzoyl-CoA

C28H40N7O17P3S (871.141418)

Benzoyl-CoA is an intermediate in phenylalanine (as well as benzoate and salicylate) metabolism. In bacteria and gut microflora, benzoyl-CoA is a compound that is formed as a central intermediate in the degradation of a large number of aromatic growth substrates. Benzoyl CoA can be synthesized from hippuric acid and vice versa. [HMDB]. Benzoyl-CoA is found in many foods, some of which are malabar plum, barley, vanilla, and banana. Benzoyl-CoA is an intermediate in phenylalanine (as well as benzoate and salicylate) metabolism. In bacteria and gut microflora, benzoyl-CoA is a compound that is formed as a central intermediate in the degradation of a large number of aromatic growth substrates. Benzoyl CoA can be synthesized from hippuric acid and vice versa. Benzoyl-CoA is a microbial metabolite that can be found in Streptomyces (PMID: 12511484).

OPC4-CoA

C35H56N7O18P3S (987.2615266000001)

OPC4-CoA participates in alpha-Linolenic acid metabolism. OPC4-CoA is converted from 3-Oxo-OPC6-CoA. However, OPC4-CoA reacts with acyl-CoA oxidase [EC:1.3.3.6] to produce trans-2-Enoyl-OPC4-CoA. [HMDB] OPC4-CoA participates in alpha-Linolenic acid metabolism. OPC4-CoA is converted from 3-Oxo-OPC6-CoA. However, OPC4-CoA reacts with acyl-CoA oxidase [EC:1.3.3.6] to produce trans-2-Enoyl-OPC4-CoA.

trans-2-Enoyl-OPC4-CoA

C35H54N7O18P3S (985.2458774)

trans-2-Enoyl-OPC4-CoA participates in alpha-linolenic acid metabolism. trans-2-Enoyl-OPC4-CoA is converted from OPC4-CoA via acyl-CoA oxidase [EC:1.3.3.6] [HMDB] trans-2-Enoyl-OPC4-CoA participates in alpha-linolenic acid metabolism. trans-2-Enoyl-OPC4-CoA is converted from OPC4-CoA via acyl-CoA oxidase [EC:1.3.3.6].

Succinyl-CoA

C25H40N7O19P3S (867.131248)

Succinyl-CoA is an important intermediate in the citric acid cycle, where it is synthesized from α-Ketoglutarate by α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.4.2) through decarboxylation, and is converted into succinate through the hydrolytic release of coenzyme A by succinyl-CoA synthetase (EC 6.2.1.5). Succinyl-CoA may be an end product of peroxisomal beta-oxidation of dicarboxylic fatty acids; the identification of an apparently specific succinyl-CoA thioesterase (ACOT4, EC 3.1.2.3, hydrolyzes succinyl-CoA) in peroxisomes strongly suggests that succinyl-CoA is formed in peroxisomes. Acyl-CoA thioesterases (ACOTs) are a family of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of the CoA esters of various lipids to the free acids and coenzyme A, thereby regulating levels of these compounds. (PMID: 16141203) [HMDB]. Succinyl-CoA is found in many foods, some of which are fruits, sea-buckthornberry, pomegranate, and sweet orange. Succinyl-CoA is an important intermediate in the citric acid cycle, where it is synthesized from α-Ketoglutarate by α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.4.2) through decarboxylation, and is converted into succinate through the hydrolytic release of coenzyme A by succinyl-CoA synthetase (EC 6.2.1.5). Succinyl-CoA may be an end product of peroxisomal beta-oxidation of dicarboxylic fatty acids; the identification of an apparently specific succinyl-CoA thioesterase (ACOT4, EC 3.1.2.3, hydrolyzes succinyl-CoA) in peroxisomes strongly suggests that succinyl-CoA is formed in peroxisomes. Acyl-CoA thioesterases (ACOTs) are a family of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of the CoA esters of various lipids to the free acids and coenzyme A, thereby regulating levels of these compounds. (PMID: 16141203).

Phenylacetyl-CoA

C29H42N7O17P3S (885.1570672000001)

Phenylacetyl-CoA was found to be a very potent inhibitor of choline acetyltransferase, competitive for acetyl-CoA with Ki of 3.1 X 10(-7)M. Phenylacetate exerts its neurotoxic action through its metabolic product, phenylacetyl-CoA, which could severely decrease the availability of acetyl-CoA. (PMID: 6142928) [HMDB] Phenylacetyl-CoA was found to be a very potent inhibitor of choline acetyltransferase, competitive for acetyl-CoA with Ki of 3.1 X 10(-7)M. Phenylacetate exerts its neurotoxic action through its metabolic product, phenylacetyl-CoA, which could severely decrease the availability of acetyl-CoA (PMID: 6142928).

Lactyl-CoA

C24H40N7O18P3S (839.136333)

Lactyl-CoA is involved in both propanoate metabolism and styrene degradation pathways. It is a product in styrene degradation pathway. (KEGG) [HMDB] Lactyl-CoA is involved in both propanoate metabolism and styrene degradation pathways. It is a product in styrene degradation pathway. (KEGG).

Acrylyl-CoA

C24H38N7O17P3S (821.1257688000001)

Acrylyl-CoA is involved in alternative pathways of propionate metabolism. [HMDB]. Acrylyl-CoA is found in many foods, some of which are custard apple, mexican oregano, coconut, and soy bean. Acrylyl-CoA is involved in alternative pathways of propionate metabolism.

Dec-4-enedioyl-CoA

C26H44N7O17P3S (851.1727164)

Dec-4-enedioyl-coa, also known as 2-methylbutanoyl-CoA is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a dec-4-enedioic acid thioester of coenzyme A. Dec-4-enedioyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 10 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. Dec-4-enedioyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. Dec-4-enedioyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, Dec-4-enedioyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of Dec-4-enedioyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts Dec-4-enedioyl-CoA into Dec-4-enedioylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, Dec-4-enedioylcarnitine is converted back to Dec-4-enedioyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of Dec-4-enedioyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since Dec-4-enedioyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of Dec-4-enedioyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond to make an alcohol. Third, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase oxidizes the alcohol group to a ket... a-Methylbutyryl-CoA is a a product of isoleucine catabolism. It is converted to Tiglyl-CoA by short/branched-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. 2-Methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, also called 2-Methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency or MBHD, is an inherited disorder in which the body is unable to process the amino acid isoleucine properly. It is caused by a mutation in the HADH2 gene. Untreated MBHD can lead to progressive loss of motor skills, to mental retardation and to epilepsy. 2-Methylbutyryl-CoA is a substrate for Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (short-chain specific, mitochondrial), Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (medium-chain specific, mitochondrial) and Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (long-chain specific, mitochondrial). [HMDB]

Beta-Alanyl-CoA

C24H41N8O17P3S (838.1523166000001)

beta-Alanyl-CoA is involved in the beta-alanine and propanoate metabolism systems. beta-Alanyl-CoA is reversibly produced from acrylyl-CoA by enzyme β-alanyl-CoA ammonia-lyase [4.3.1.6]. [HMDB] beta-Alanyl-CoA is involved in the beta-alanine and propanoate metabolism systems. beta-Alanyl-CoA is reversibly produced from acrylyl-CoA by enzyme β-alanyl-CoA ammonia-lyase [4.3.1.6].

Isovaleryl-CoA

C26H44N7O17P3S (851.1727164)

Isovaleryl-CoA is an intermediate metabolite in the catabolic pathway of leucine. The accumulation of derivatives of isovaleryl-CoA occurs in patients affected with isovaleric acidemia (IVA, OMIM 243500) an autosomal recessive inborn error of leucine metabolism caused by a deficiency of the mitochondrial enzyme isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase (IVD, EC 1.3.99.10, a flavoenzyme that catalyzes the conversion of isovaleryl-CoA to 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA). IVA was the first organic acidemia recognized in humans and can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and treatment with a protein restricted diet and supplementation with carnitine and glycine are effective in promoting normal development in severely affected individuals. Both intra- and interfamilial variability have been recognized. Initially, two phenotypes with either an acute neonatal or a chronic intermittent presentation were described. More recently, a third group of individuals with mild biochemical abnormalities who can be asymptomatic have been identified through newborn screening of blood spots by tandem mass spectrometry. The majority of patients with IVA today are diagnosed pre-symptomatically through newborn screening by use of MS/MS which reveals elevations of the marker metabolite C5 acylcarnitine in dried blood spots. C5 acylcarnitine represents a mixture of isomers (isovalerylcarnitine, 2-methylbutyrylcarnitine, and pivaloylcarnitine). (PMID: 16602101, Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet. 2006 May 15;142(2):95-103.) [HMDB]. Isovaleryl-CoA is found in many foods, some of which are purple laver, alaska wild rhubarb, macadamia nut (m. tetraphylla), and green zucchini. Isovaleryl-CoA is an intermediate metabolite in the catabolic pathway of leucine. The accumulation of derivatives of isovaleryl-CoA occurs in patients affected with isovaleric acidemia (IVA, OMIM: 243500), an autosomal recessive inborn error of leucine metabolism caused by a deficiency of the mitochondrial enzyme isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase (IVD, EC 1.3.99.10), a flavoenzyme that catalyzes the conversion of isovaleryl-CoA into 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA. IVA was the first organic acidemia recognized in humans and can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and treatment with a protein-restricted diet and supplementation with carnitine and glycine are effective in promoting normal development in severely affected individuals. Both intra- and interfamilial variability have been recognized. Initially, two phenotypes with either an acute neonatal or a chronic intermittent presentation were described. More recently, a third group of individuals with mild biochemical abnormalities who can be asymptomatic have been identified through newborn screening of blood spots by tandem mass spectrometry. The majority of patients with IVA today are diagnosed pre-symptomatically through newborn screening by use of MS/MS which reveals elevations of the marker metabolite C5 acylcarnitine in dried blood spots. C5 Acylcarnitine represents a mixture of isomers (isovalerylcarnitine, 2-methylbutyrylcarnitine, and pivaloylcarnitine) (PMID: 16602101).

3-Methylglutaconyl-CoA

C27H42N7O19P3S (893.1468972000001)

3-Methylglutaconyl-CoA is a substrate for Methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase (mitochondrial), Methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase beta chain (mitochondrial) and Methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase alpha chain (mitochondrial). [HMDB]. 3-Methylglutaconyl-CoA is found in many foods, some of which are cocoa bean, evening primrose, winter squash, and rocket salad (sspecies). 3-Methylglutaconyl-CoA is a substrate for Methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase (mitochondrial), Methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase beta chain (mitochondrial) and Methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase alpha chain (mitochondrial). COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

Tiglyl-CoA

C26H42N7O17P3S (849.1570672000001)

Tiglyl-CoA is a metabolite in the degradation of isoleucine to propionic acid pathway. A defect in the conversion of tiglyl-CoA to alpha-methyl-beta-hydroxybutyryl-CoA, results in episodic abdominal pain and acidosis in patients with Tiglic acidemia (OMIM 275190). Tiglyl-CoA is a metabolite in the degradation of isoleucine to propionic acid pathway.

L-3-Aminobutyryl-CoA

C25H43N8O17P3S (852.1679658)

L-3-Aminobutyryl-CoA is found in the lysine fermentation to acetate and butyrate pathway. L-3-Aminobutyryl-CoA is produced from a reaction between (S)-5-amino-3-oxohexanoate and acetyl-CoA, with acetoacetate as a byproduct. L-3-aminobutyryl-CoA breaks down to form ammonia and crotonyl-CoA, a reaction catalyzed by 3-aminobutyryl-CoA ammonia-lyase. L-3-Aminobutyryl-CoA is found in the lysine fermentation to acetate and butyrate pathway. L-3-Aminobutyryl-CoA is produced from a reaction between (S)-5-amino-3-oxohexanoate and acetyl-CoA, with acetoacetate as a byproduct.

4-Hydroxyphenylacetyl-CoA

C29H42N7O18P3S (901.1519822000001)

4-Hydroxyphenylacetyl-CoA is an intermediate in tyrosine metabolism. 4-Hydroxyphenylacetyl-CoA is converted from 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid. The reaction between 4-hydroxyphenylacetyl-CoA and N-acetyltransferase 6 gives rise to 4-hydroxyphenylacetylglycine. [HMDB] 4-Hydroxyphenylacetyl-CoA is an intermediate in tyrosine metabolism. 4-Hydroxyphenylacetyl-CoA is converted from 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid. The reaction between 4-hydroxyphenylacetyl-CoA and N-acetyltransferase 6 gives rise to 4-hydroxyphenylacetylglycine.

(24E)-3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-en-26-oyl-CoA

C48H78N7O19P3S (1181.4285828000002)

(24E)-3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-en-26-oyl-CoA is considered to be practically insoluble (in water) and acidic

3a,7a,12a-Trihydroxy-5b-cholest-24-enoyl-CoA

C48H78N7O20P3S (1197.4234978)

3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-enoyl-CoA is an intermediate in bile acid synthesis. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135). 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-enoyl-CoA is an intermediate in bile acid synthesis. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depends only on presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g., membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues. (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135) [HMDB]

3-Hydroxypropionyl-CoA

C24H40N7O18P3S (839.136333)

3-Hydroxypropionyl-CoA, also known as beta-hydroxypropionyl-CoA, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as acyl-CoAs. These are organic compounds containing a coenzyme A substructure linked to an acyl chain. Thus, 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA is considered to be a fatty ester lipid molecule. 3-Hydroxypropionyl-CoA is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. 3-Hydroxypropionyl-CoA is an intermediate in beta-Alanine metabolism. It can be produced from 3-hydroxypropanoic acid via the enzyme 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-coenzyme A hydrolase (EC 3.1.2.4) or it can be generated from acrylyl-CoA via the enzyme enoyl-CoA hydratase (EC 4.2.1.17). Acrylyl-CoA is derived from propionyl-CoA. 3-Hydroxypropionyl-CoA is an intermediate in b-Alanine (beta-alanine) metabolism. It can be produced from 3-hydroxypropanoic acid via the enzyme 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-Coenzyme A hydrolase (EC:3.1.2.4) or it can be generated from acrylyl CoA via the enzyme enoyl-CoA hydratase (EC:4.2.1.17). Acrylyl CoA is derived from propionyl CoA. [HMDB]

Malonyl-CoA semialdehyde

C24H38N7O18P3S (837.1206838)

Malonyl-CoA semialdehyde is involved in the propanoate metabolism pathway. Malonyl-CoA semialdehyde can be reversibly produced from malonyl-CoA and 3-hydroxy-propionyl-CoA. Malonic semialdehyde is formed in the alternative pathway of propionate metabolism and in the catabolism of beta-alanine. Studies of these pathways in cultured cells from a patient with mitochondrial malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency indicate that malonic semialdehyde is directly converted into acetyl-CoA in man. (PMID: 6418146). Malonyl-CoA semialdehyde is involved in the propanoate metabolism pathway. Malonyl-CoA semialdehyde can be reversibly produced from malonyl-CoA and 3-hydroxy-propionyl-CoA.

Cyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carboxyl-CoA

C28H42N7O17P3S (873.1570672000001)

Cyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carboxyl-CoA is an intermediate in Benzoate degradation via CoA ligation. Biodegradation of aromatic compounds is a common process in anoxic environments. The many natural and synthetic aromatic compounds found in the environment are usually degraded by anaerobic microorganisms into only few central intermediates, prior to ring cleavage. Benzoyl-CoA is the most important of these intermediates since a large number of compounds, including chloro-, nitro-, and aminobenzoates, aromatic hydrocarbons, and phenolic compounds, are initially converted to benzoyl-CoA prior to ring reduction and cleavage. In this pathway, cyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carboxyl-CoA is generated from benzoyl-CoA via the enzyme benzoyl-CoA reductase subunit (EC 1.3.99.15) and is then converted to Cyclohex-1,4-diene-1-carboxyl-CoA. [HMDB] Cyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carboxyl-CoA is an intermediate in Benzoate degradation via CoA ligation. Biodegradation of aromatic compounds is a common process in anoxic environments. The many natural and synthetic aromatic compounds found in the environment are usually degraded by anaerobic microorganisms into only few central intermediates, prior to ring cleavage. Benzoyl-CoA is the most important of these intermediates since a large number of compounds, including chloro-, nitro-, and aminobenzoates, aromatic hydrocarbons, and phenolic compounds, are initially converted to benzoyl-CoA prior to ring reduction and cleavage. In this pathway, cyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carboxyl-CoA is generated from benzoyl-CoA via the enzyme benzoyl-CoA reductase subunit (EC 1.3.99.15) and is then converted to Cyclohex-1,4-diene-1-carboxyl-CoA.

6-Hydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxyl-CoA

C28H44N7O18P3S (891.1676314)

6-Hydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxyl-CoA is involved in benzoyl-CoA degradation II path way. Benzoyl-CoA is a common intermediate in the anaerobic bacterial metabolism of many aromatic substrates. Two enzymes and ferredoxin of the central benzoyl-CoA pathway in Thauera aromatica have been purified so far. Benzoyl-CoA reductase reduces the aromatic ring with reduced ferredoxin yielding cyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA [Boll, M. & Fuchs, G. (1995) Eur. J. Biochem. 234, 921-933]. Dienoyl-CoA hydratase subsequently adds one molecule of water and thereby produces 6-hydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carbonyl-CoA [Laempe, D., Eisenreich, W., Bacher, A., & Fuchs, G. (1998) Eur. J. Biochem. 255, 618-627]. 6-Hydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carbonyl-CoA dehydrogenase is an NAD(+)-specific beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase that catalyzes 6-hydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carbonyl-CoA + NAD(+) --> 6-oxocyclohex-1-ene-1-carbonyl-CoA + NADH + H(+). 6-Oxocyclohex-1-ene-1-carbonyl-CoA hydrolase acts on the beta-oxoacyl-CoA compound and catalyzes the addition of one molecule of water to the double bond and the hydrolytic C-C cleavage of the alicyclic ring, 6-oxocyclohex-1-ene-1-carbonyl-CoA + 2 H(2)O --> 3-hydroxypimelyl-CoA.(PMID: 10406950) [HMDB] 6-Hydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxyl-CoA is involved in benzoyl-CoA degradation II path way. Benzoyl-CoA is a common intermediate in the anaerobic bacterial metabolism of many aromatic substrates. Two enzymes and ferredoxin of the central benzoyl-CoA pathway in Thauera aromatica have been purified so far. Benzoyl-CoA reductase reduces the aromatic ring with reduced ferredoxin yielding cyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA [Boll, M. & Fuchs, G. (1995) Eur. J. Biochem. 234, 921-933]. Dienoyl-CoA hydratase subsequently adds one molecule of water and thereby produces 6-hydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carbonyl-CoA [Laempe, D., Eisenreich, W., Bacher, A., & Fuchs, G. (1998) Eur. J. Biochem. 255, 618-627]. 6-Hydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carbonyl-CoA dehydrogenase is an NAD(+)-specific beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase that catalyzes 6-hydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carbonyl-CoA + NAD(+) --> 6-oxocyclohex-1-ene-1-carbonyl-CoA + NADH + H(+). 6-Oxocyclohex-1-ene-1-carbonyl-CoA hydrolase acts on the beta-oxoacyl-CoA compound and catalyzes the addition of one molecule of water to the double bond and the hydrolytic C-C cleavage of the alicyclic ring, 6-oxocyclohex-1-ene-1-carbonyl-CoA + 2 H(2)O --> 3-hydroxypimelyl-CoA.(PMID: 10406950).

E-Phenylitaconyl-CoA

C32H44N7O19P3S (955.1625464)

E-Phenylitaconyl-CoA is involved in toluene degradation. E-phenylitaconyl-CoA reacts with water to produce 2-carboxymethyl-3-hydroxyphenylpropionyl-CoA. E-Phenylitaconyl-CoA is created from (R)-benzylsuccinyl-CoA and an oxidized electron acceptor, with a reduced electron acceptor as a byproduct. E-Phenylitaconyl-CoA is involved in toluene degradation.

2-Carboxymethyl-3-hydroxyphenylpropionyl-CoA

C32H46N7O20P3S (973.1731106000001)

2-Carboxymethyl-3-hydroxyphenylpropionyl-CoA is an intermediate in toluene degradation to benzoyl-CoA. It is a substrate for putative 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase and can be generated from the hydrolysis of E-phenylitaconyl-CoA. Biodegradation of aromatic compounds is a common process in anoxic environments. The many natural and synthetic aromatic compounds found in the environment are usually degraded by anaerobic microorganisms into only few central intermediates, prior to ring cleavage. Benzoyl-CoA is the most important of these intermediates since a large number of compounds, including chloro-, nitro-, and aminobenzoates, aromatic hydrocarbons, and phenolic compounds, are initially converted to benzoyl-CoA prior to ring reduction and cleavage. [HMDB] 2-Carboxymethyl-3-hydroxyphenylpropionyl-CoA is an intermediate in toluene degradation to benzoyl-CoA. It is a substrate for putative 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase and can be generated from the hydrolysis of E-phenylitaconyl-CoA. Biodegradation of aromatic compounds is a common process in anoxic environments. The many natural and synthetic aromatic compounds found in the environment are usually degraded by anaerobic microorganisms into only few central intermediates, prior to ring cleavage. Benzoyl-CoA is the most important of these intermediates since a large number of compounds, including chloro-, nitro-, and aminobenzoates, aromatic hydrocarbons, and phenolic compounds, are initially converted to benzoyl-CoA prior to ring reduction and cleavage.

6-Oxocyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxyl-CoA

C28H42N7O18P3S (889.1519822000001)

6-Oxocyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxyl-CoA is involved in benzoyl-CoA degradation II path way. Benzoyl-CoA is a common intermediate in the anaerobic bacterial metabolism of many aromatic substrates. Two enzymes and ferredoxin of the central benzoyl-CoA pathway in Thauera aromatica have been purified so far. Benzoyl-CoA reductase reduces the aromatic ring with reduced ferredoxin yielding cyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA [Boll, M. & Fuchs, G. (1995) Eur. J. Biochem. 234, 921-933]. Dienoyl-CoA hydratase subsequently adds one molecule of water and thereby produces 6-hydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carbonyl-CoA [Laempe, D., Eisenreich, W., Bacher, A., & Fuchs, G. (1998) Eur. J. Biochem. 255, 618-627]. 6-Hydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carbonyl-CoA dehydrogenase is an NAD(+)-specific beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase that catalyzes 6-hydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carbonyl-CoA + NAD(+) --> 6-oxocyclohex-1-ene-1-carbonyl-CoA + NADH + H(+). 6-Oxocyclohex-1-ene-1-carbonyl-CoA hydrolase acts on the beta-oxoacyl-CoA compound and catalyzes the addition of one molecule of water to the double bond and the hydrolytic C-C cleavage of the alicyclic ring, 6-oxocyclohex-1-ene-1-carbonyl-CoA + 2 H(2)O --> 3-hydroxypimelyl-CoA.(PMID: 10406950) [HMDB] 6-Oxocyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxyl-CoA is involved in benzoyl-CoA degradation II path way. Benzoyl-CoA is a common intermediate in the anaerobic bacterial metabolism of many aromatic substrates. Two enzymes and ferredoxin of the central benzoyl-CoA pathway in Thauera aromatica have been purified so far. Benzoyl-CoA reductase reduces the aromatic ring with reduced ferredoxin yielding cyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA [Boll, M. & Fuchs, G. (1995) Eur. J. Biochem. 234, 921-933]. Dienoyl-CoA hydratase subsequently adds one molecule of water and thereby produces 6-hydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carbonyl-CoA [Laempe, D., Eisenreich, W., Bacher, A., & Fuchs, G. (1998) Eur. J. Biochem. 255, 618-627]. 6-Hydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carbonyl-CoA dehydrogenase is an NAD(+)-specific beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase that catalyzes 6-hydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carbonyl-CoA + NAD(+) --> 6-oxocyclohex-1-ene-1-carbonyl-CoA + NADH + H(+). 6-Oxocyclohex-1-ene-1-carbonyl-CoA hydrolase acts on the beta-oxoacyl-CoA compound and catalyzes the addition of one molecule of water to the double bond and the hydrolytic C-C cleavage of the alicyclic ring, 6-oxocyclohex-1-ene-1-carbonyl-CoA + 2 H(2)O --> 3-hydroxypimelyl-CoA.(PMID: 10406950).

trans-2-Methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoyl-CoA

C31H50N7O17P3S (917.2196640000001)

trans-2-Methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoyl-CoA is an intermediate in Limonene and pinene degradation. trans-2-Methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoyl-CoA is the. 4th to last step in the synthesis of 3-Isopropylbut-3-enoic acid and is converted from trans-2-Methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoic acid via the enzyme (E6.2.1.-). It is then converted to 3-Hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-5-methylene-heptanoyl-CoA via the enzyme paaG (E4.2.1.17). trans-2-Methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoyl-CoA is an intermediate in Limonene and pinene degradation. trans-2-Methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoyl-CoA is the

1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-CoA

C32H42N7O19P3S (953.1468972000001)

1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-coa, also known as dhna-coa, is a member of the class of compounds known as acyl coas. Acyl coas are organic compounds containing a coenzyme A substructure linked to an acyl chain. 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-coa is slightly soluble (in water) and an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa). 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-coa can be found in a number of food items such as orange mint, winged bean, hard wheat, and white mustard, which makes 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-coa a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-coa may be a unique E.coli metabolite.

(S)-ethylmalonyl-CoA

C26H42N7O19P3S (881.1468972000001)

(s)-ethylmalonyl-coa is a substrate for: Ethylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase.

Salicyloyl-CoA

C28H40N7O18P3S (887.136333)

Salicyl-coenzyme A is the intermediate product in the formation of salicyluric acid from salicylic acid. It has been shown to suppress LPS-induced PGE(2) production which effectively complements the action of salicylilc acid -- the major metabolite of aspirin (PMID: 10903918). Salicyl CoA is metabolized in the liver by mitochondrial acyl CoA:glycine N-acyl transferase (ACGNAT). This enzyme is important in the detoxification of various endogenous and xenobiotic acyl CoAs. [HMDB] Salicyloyl-CoA is the intermediate product in the formation of salicyluric acid from salicylic acid. It has been shown to suppress LPS-induced PGE(2) production which effectively complements the action of salicylic acid -- the major metabolite of aspirin (PMID: 10903918). Salicyloyl-CoA is metabolized in the liver by mitochondrial acyl CoA:glycine N-acyl transferase (ACGNAT). This enzyme is important in the detoxification of various endogenous and xenobiotic acyl-CoAs.

2-Methylbutyryl-CoA

C26H44N7O17P3S (851.1727164)

2-Methylbutyryl-CoA (CAS: 6712-02-3), also known as alpha-methylbutyryl-coenzyme A, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as acyl-CoAs. These are organic compounds containing a coenzyme A substructure linked to an acyl chain. 2-Methylbutyryl-CoA is a strong basic compound (based on its pKa). 2-Methylbutyryl-CoA is a product of isoleucine catabolism. It is converted into tiglyl-CoA by short/branched-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. 2-Methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, also known as 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency or MBHD, is an inherited disorder in which the body is unable to process the amino acid isoleucine properly. It is caused by a mutation in the HADH2 gene. Untreated MBHD can lead to progressive loss of motor skills, mental retardation, and epilepsy. a-Methylbutyryl-CoA is a a product of isoleucine catabolism. It is converted to Tiglyl-CoA by short/branched-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. 2-Methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, also called 2-Methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency or MBHD, is an inherited disorder in which the body is unable to process the amino acid isoleucine properly. It is caused by a mutation in the HADH2 gene. Untreated MBHD can lead to progressive loss of motor skills, to mental retardation and to epilepsy. 2-Methylbutyryl-CoA is a substrate for Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (short-chain specific, mitochondrial), Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (medium-chain specific, mitochondrial) and Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (long-chain specific, mitochondrial). [HMDB]

(S)-3-Hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA

C25H42N7O18P3S (853.1519822000001)

(S)-3-Hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA is s metabolite of 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase (EC 3.1.2.4 ) during beta-alanine metabolism (KEGG 00410), propanoate metabolism (KEGG 00640), and valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation (KEGG 00280). Deficiencies of this enzyme in valine degradation can result in hypotonia, poor feeding, motor delay, and subsequent neurological regression in infancy, episodes of ketoacidosis and Leigh-like changes in the basal ganglia on a magnetic resonance imaging scan (PMID 17160907). [HMDB] (S)-3-Hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA is s metabolite of 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase (EC 3.1.2.4 ) during beta-alanine metabolism (KEGG 00410), propanoate metabolism (KEGG 00640), and valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation (KEGG 00280). Deficiencies of this enzyme in valine degradation can result in hypotonia, poor feeding, motor delay, and subsequent neurological regression in infancy, episodes of ketoacidosis and Leigh-like changes in the basal ganglia on a magnetic resonance imaging scan (PMID 17160907).

R-Methylmalonyl-CoA

C25H40N7O19P3S (867.131248)

Methylmalonyl-CoA is an intermediate in the metabolism of Propanoate. It is a substrate for Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (mitochondrial), Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (mitochondrial) and Methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase (mitochondrial). [HMDB] Methylmalonyl-CoA is an intermediate in the metabolism of Propanoate. It is a substrate for Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (mitochondrial), Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (mitochondrial) and Methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase (mitochondrial).

cis-2-Methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoyl-CoA

C31H50N7O17P3S (917.2196640000001)

cis-2-Methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoyl-CoA is an intermediate in Limonene and pinene degradation. cis-2-Methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoyl-CoA is the. 4th to last step in the synthesis of 3-Isopropylbut-3-enoic acid and is converted from cis-2-Methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoic acid via the enzyme (E6.2.1.-). It is then converted to 3-Hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-5-methylene-heptanoyl-CoA via the enzyme paaG (E4.2.1.17). cis-2-Methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoyl-CoA is an intermediate in Limonene and pinene degradation. cis-2-Methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoyl-CoA is the

(2R)-Ethylmalonyl-CoA

C26H42N7O19P3S (881.1468972000001)

This compound belongs to the family of Acyl CoAs. These are organic compounds contaning a coenzyme A substructure linked to another moeity through an ester bond.

Butyryl-CoA

C25H42N7O17P3S (837.1570672000001)

Butyryl-CoA is an intermediate in the metabolism of Butanoate. It is a substrate for Acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 3 (peroxisomal), 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (mitochondrial), 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (peroxisomal), Acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 (peroxisomal), Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (medium-chain specific, mitochondrial), Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (long-chain specific, mitochondrial), Acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 2 (peroxisomal), Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (mitochondrial), Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (cytosolic), Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (short-chain specific, mitochondrial) and Trifunctional enzyme beta subunit (mitochondrial).

S-Methylmalonyl-CoA

C25H40N7O19P3S (867.131248)

Methylmalonyl-CoA is an intermediate in the metabolism of Propanoate. It is a substrate for Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (mitochondrial), Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (mitochondrial) and Methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase (mitochondrial). [HMDB] Methylmalonyl-CoA is an intermediate in the metabolism of Propanoate. It is a substrate for Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (mitochondrial), Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (mitochondrial) and Methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase (mitochondrial).

Retinoyl CoA

C41H62N7O17P3S (1049.3135591999999)

Retinoyl coenzyme A is an intermediate in vitamin A metabolism. The formation of retinoyl-CoA from retinoic acid, as the first step of retinoylation (acylation of proteins by retinoic acid in cells), required ATP, CoA and MgCl2. [HMDB] Retinoyl coenzyme A is an intermediate in vitamin A metabolism. The formation of retinoyl-CoA from retinoic acid, as the first step of retinoylation (acylation of proteins by retinoic acid in cells), required ATP, CoA and MgCl2.

(2S,6R,10R)-Trimethyl-2E-hendecenoyl-CoA

C35H60N7O17P3S (975.2979100000001)

(2S,6R,10R)-trimethyl-2E-hendecenoyl-CoA is an acyl-CoA with (2S,6R,10R)-trimethyl-2E-hendecenoate moiety. Acyl-CoA (or formyl-CoA) is a coenzyme involved in the metabolism of fatty acids. It is a temporary compound formed when coenzyme A (CoA) attaches to the end of a long-chain fatty acid inside living cells. The compound undergoes beta oxidation, forming one or more molecules of acetyl-CoA. This, in turn, enters the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several molecules of ATP. (2S,6R,10R)-trimethyl-2E-hendecenoyl-CoA is an acy-CoA with (2S,6R,10R)-trimethyl-2E-hendecenoate moiety.

4-Hydroxybenoyl-CoA

C28H40N7O18P3S (887.136333)

This compound belongs to the family of Acyl CoAs. These are organic compounds contaning a coenzyme A substructure linked to another moeity through an ester bond.

3-hydroxypropanoyl-CoA(4-)

C24H40N7O18P3S (839.136333)

3-hydroxypropanoyl-CoA(4-) is considered to be slightly soluble (in water) and acidic

3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-en-26-oyl-CoA

C48H78N7O20P3S (1197.4234978)

3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-en-26-oyl-CoA is also known as 3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholest-24-en-26-oyl-CoA. 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-en-26-oyl-CoA is considered to be practically insoluble (in water) and acidic

2-methylhexenoyl-CoA

C28H46N7O17P3S (877.1883656000001)

2-methylhexenoyl-CoA is also known as 2-Methylhexenoyl-coenzyme A(4-). 2-methylhexenoyl-CoA is considered to be slightly soluble (in water) and acidic

2-methylcrotonoyl-CoA(4-)

C26H42N7O17P3S (849.1570672000001)

2-methylcrotonoyl-CoA(4-) is also known as (2E)-2-Methylbutenoyl-CoA. 2-methylcrotonoyl-CoA(4-) is considered to be slightly soluble (in water) and acidic. 2-methylcrotonoyl-CoA(4-) can be found throughout numerous foods such as Spinachs, Acorns, Great horned owls, and Persimmons

Acetyl CoA

C23H38N7O17P3S (809.1257688000001)

benzoyl-coenzyme A

C28H40N7O17P3S (871.141418)

Mii-coa

C35H45ClN7O18P3S (1011.1443090000001)

Naphthyl-2-hydroxymethyl-succinyl CoA

C36H48N7O20P3S (1023.1887598)

3-Decenoyl-CoA

C31H52N7O17P3S (919.2353132)

3-decenoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a dec-3-enoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 3-decenoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 10 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 3-decenoyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 3-decenoyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 3-Decenoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 3-Decenoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 3-Decenoyl-CoA into 3-Decenoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 3-Decenoylcarnitine is converted back to 3-Decenoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of 3-Decenoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since 3-Decenoyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of 3-Decenoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond to make an alcohol. Third, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase oxidizes the alcohol group to a ketone and NADH is produced from NAD+. Finally, Thiolase cleaves between the alpha carbon and ...

3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA

C26H42N7O17P3S (849.1570672000001)

3-methylbut-2-enoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a 3-methylbut-2-enoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 4 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-coa is therefore classified as a short chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-coa, being a short chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for short chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA into 3-methylbut-2-enoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 3-methylbut-2-enoylcarnitine is converted back to 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA is a short chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a short chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond to make an alcohol. Third, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase oxidize...

(2E)-3-methylpent-2-enedioyl-CoA

C27H42N7O19P3S (893.1468972000001)

(2e)-3-methylpent-2-enedioyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a (2E)-3-methylpent-2-enedioic acid thioester of coenzyme A. (2e)-3-methylpent-2-enedioyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 6 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. (2e)-3-methylpent-2-enedioyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. (2e)-3-methylpent-2-enedioyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, (2E)-3-methylpent-2-enedioyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of (2E)-3-methylpent-2-enedioyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts (2E)-3-methylpent-2-enedioyl-CoA into (2E)-3-methylpent-2-enedioylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, (2E)-3-methylpent-2-enedioylcarnitine is converted back to (2E)-3-methylpent-2-enedioyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of (2E)-3-methylpent-2-enedioyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since (2E)-3-methylpent-2-enedioyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of (2E)-3-methylpent-2-enedioyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase cat...

(3E)-Hexenoyl-CoA

C27H44N7O17P3S (863.1727164)

(3e)-hexenoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a (3E)-hex-3-enoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. (3e)-hexenoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 5 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. (3e)-hexenoyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. (3e)-hexenoyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, (3E)-Hexenoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of (3E)-Hexenoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts (3E)-Hexenoyl-CoA into (3E)-Hexenoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, (3E)-Hexenoylcarnitine is converted back to (3E)-Hexenoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of (3E)-Hexenoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since (3E)-Hexenoyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of (3E)-Hexenoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond to make an alcohol. Third, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase oxidizes the alcohol group to a ketone and NADH is produced from NAD+. Finally, Thi...

hex-3-enedioyl-CoA

C27H42N7O19P3S (893.1468972000001)

Hex-3-enedioyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a hex-3-enedioic acid thioester of coenzyme A. Hex-3-enedioyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 6 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. Hex-3-enedioyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. Hex-3-enedioyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, hex-3-enedioyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of hex-3-enedioyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts hex-3-enedioyl-CoA into hex-3-enedioylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, hex-3-enedioylcarnitine is converted back to hex-3-enedioyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of hex-3-enedioyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since hex-3-enedioyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of hex-3-enedioyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond to make an alcohol. Third, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase oxidizes the alcohol group to a ketone and NADH is produced from NAD+. F...

3-octenoyl-CoA

C29H48N7O17P3S (891.2040148)

3-octenoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is an oct-3-enoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 3-octenoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 8 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 3-octenoyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 3-octenoyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 3-octenoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 3-octenoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 3-octenoyl-CoA into 3-octenoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 3-octenoylcarnitine is converted back to 3-octenoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of 3-octenoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since 3-octenoyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of 3-octenoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond to make an alcohol. Third, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase oxidizes the alcohol group to a ketone and NADH is produced from NAD+. Finally, Thiolase cleaves between the alpha carbon and ...

3-[(2-oxoacetyl)oxy]-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate-CoA

C23H36N7O18P3S (823.1050346000001)

(8S)-8-amino-7-oxononanoyl-CoA

C30H51N8O18P3S (936.2254776000001)

(8s)-8-amino-7-oxononanoyl-coa, also known as 7-keto-8-aminopelargonate-coa; (acyl-CoA); [m+h]+; is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a (8S)-8-amino-7-oxononanoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. (8s)-8-amino-7-oxononanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 9 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. (8s)-8-amino-7-oxononanoyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. (8s)-8-amino-7-oxononanoyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, (8S)-8-amino-7-oxononanoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of (8S)-8-amino-7-oxononanoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts (8S)-8-amino-7-oxononanoyl-CoA into (8S)-8-amino-7-oxononanoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, (8S)-8-amino-7-oxononanoylcarnitine is converted back to (8S)-8-amino-7-oxononanoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of (8S)-8-amino-7-oxononanoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since (8S)-8-amino-7-oxononanoyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of (8S)-8-amino-7-oxononanoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yieldin...

4-phenylbutanoyl-CoA

C31H46N7O17P3S (913.1883656000001)

4-phenylbutanoyl-coa, also known as g-phenyl-butyrate-coa; (acyl-CoA); [m+h]+; is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a 4-phenylbutanoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 4-phenylbutanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 8 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 4-phenylbutanoyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 4-phenylbutanoyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 4-phenylbutanoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 4-phenylbutanoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 4-phenylbutanoyl-CoA into 4-phenylbutanoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 4-phenylbutanoylcarnitine is converted back to 4-phenylbutanoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of 4-phenylbutanoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since 4-phenylbutanoyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of 4-phenylbutanoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond to make an alcohol. Third, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA ...

2-ethylpropanedioyl-CoA

C26H42N7O19P3S (881.1468972000001)

2-ethylpropanedioyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a 2-ethylpropanedioic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 2-ethylpropanedioyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 5 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 2-ethylpropanedioyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 2-ethylpropanedioyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 2-ethylpropanedioyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 2-ethylpropanedioyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 2-ethylpropanedioyl-CoA into 2-ethylpropanedioylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 2-ethylpropanedioylcarnitine is converted back to 2-ethylpropanedioyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of 2-ethylpropanedioyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since 2-ethylpropanedioyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of 2-ethylpropanedioyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond to make an alcohol. Third, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase ox...

4-(methylsulfanyl)-2-oxobutanoyl-CoA

C26H42N7O18P3S2 (897.1240542000002)

4-(methylsulfanyl)-2-oxobutanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a 4-(methylsulfanyl)-2-oxobutanoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 4-(methylsulfanyl)-2-oxobutanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 5 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 4-(methylsulfanyl)-2-oxobutanoyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 4-(methylsulfanyl)-2-oxobutanoyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 4-(methylsulfanyl)-2-oxobutanoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 4-(methylsulfanyl)-2-oxobutanoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 4-(methylsulfanyl)-2-oxobutanoyl-CoA into 4-(methylsulfanyl)-2-oxobutanoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 4-(methylsulfanyl)-2-oxobutanoylcarnitine is converted back to 4-(methylsulfanyl)-2-oxobutanoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of 4-(methylsulfanyl)-2-oxobutanoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since 4-(methylsulfanyl)-2-oxobutanoyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of 4-(methylsulfanyl)-2-oxobutanoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen...

(24E)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-enoyl-CoA

C48H74N7O20P3S (1193.3921994000002)

(24e)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-enoyl-coa is a member of the class of compounds known as acyl coas. Acyl coas are organic compounds containing a coenzyme A substructure linked to an acyl chain (24e)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-enoyl-coa is slightly soluble (in water) and an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa). (24e)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-enoyl-coa can be found in a number of food items such as cauliflower, cereals and cereal products, lambsquarters, and jute, which makes (24e)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-enoyl-coa a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

(24E)-3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-enoyl-CoA

C48H74N7O19P3S (1177.3972844)

(24e)-3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-enoyl-coa is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa). (24e)-3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-enoyl-coa can be found in a number of food items such as sunflower, eggplant, pepper (c. chinense), and kumquat, which makes (24e)-3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-enoyl-coa a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

(E)-2-methylcrotonoyl-CoA

C26H38N7O17P3S (845.1257688000001)

(e)-2-methylcrotonoyl-coa, also known as trans-2-methylbut-2-enoyl-coa or tigloyl-coa, is a member of the class of compounds known as acyl coas. Acyl coas are organic compounds containing a coenzyme A substructure linked to an acyl chain (e)-2-methylcrotonoyl-coa is slightly soluble (in water) and an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa). (e)-2-methylcrotonoyl-coa can be found in a number of food items such as alaska blueberry, loquat, kai-lan, and lentils, which makes (e)-2-methylcrotonoyl-coa a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

(S)-3-hydroxy-isobutanoyl-CoA

C25H38N7O18P3S (849.1206838)

(s)-3-hydroxy-isobutanoyl-coa is a member of the class of compounds known as acyl coas. Acyl coas are organic compounds containing a coenzyme A substructure linked to an acyl chain (s)-3-hydroxy-isobutanoyl-coa is slightly soluble (in water) and an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa). (s)-3-hydroxy-isobutanoyl-coa can be found in a number of food items such as strawberry, sparkleberry, biscuit, and cashew nut, which makes (s)-3-hydroxy-isobutanoyl-coa a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

2-methylbutanoyl-CoA

C26H40N7O17P3S (847.141418)

2-methylbutanoyl-coa is slightly soluble (in water) and an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa). 2-methylbutanoyl-coa can be found in a number of food items such as flaxseed, irish moss, chickpea, and black cabbage, which makes 2-methylbutanoyl-coa a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-propionyl-CoA

C30H40N7O19P3S (927.131248)

3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-propionyl-coa is a member of the class of compounds known as acyl coas. Acyl coas are organic compounds containing a coenzyme A substructure linked to an acyl chain. 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-propionyl-coa is slightly soluble (in water) and an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa). 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-propionyl-coa can be found in a number of food items such as red rice, fennel, wax apple, and swede, which makes 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-propionyl-coa a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

3-hydroxy-3-phenylpropionyl-CoA

C30H40N7O18P3S (911.136333)

3-hydroxy-3-phenylpropionyl-coa, also known as beta-hydroxyphenylpropanoyl-coenzyme a(4-) or hydroxycinnamoyl-coa (ambiguous), is a member of the class of compounds known as acyl coas. Acyl coas are organic compounds containing a coenzyme A substructure linked to an acyl chain. 3-hydroxy-3-phenylpropionyl-coa is slightly soluble (in water) and an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa). 3-hydroxy-3-phenylpropionyl-coa can be found in a number of food items such as italian sweet red pepper, boysenberry, vaccinium (blueberry, cranberry, huckleberry), and savoy cabbage, which makes 3-hydroxy-3-phenylpropionyl-coa a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

3-hydroxy-docosapentaenoyl-CoA

C43H64N7O18P3S (1091.3241234000002)

3-hydroxy-docosapentaenoyl-coa is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa). 3-hydroxy-docosapentaenoyl-coa can be found in a number of food items such as prunus (cherry, plum), beech nut, wasabi, and chinese mustard, which makes 3-hydroxy-docosapentaenoyl-coa a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

3-hydroxyadipyl-CoA

C27H39N7O20P3S (906.1183384)

3-hydroxyadipyl-coa is slightly soluble (in water) and an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa). 3-hydroxyadipyl-coa can be found in a number of food items such as naranjilla, bilberry, black crowberry, and kohlrabi, which makes 3-hydroxyadipyl-coa a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

3-hydroxypropanoyl-CoA

C24H36N7O18P3S (835.1050346000001)

3-hydroxypropanoyl-coa is slightly soluble (in water) and an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa). 3-hydroxypropanoyl-coa can be found in a number of food items such as wild carrot, kale, pulses, and pecan nut, which makes 3-hydroxypropanoyl-coa a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

3-oxo-23,24-bisnorchol-4-en-22-oyl-CoA

C43H62N7O18P3S (1089.3084742)

3-oxo-23,24-bisnorchol-4-en-22-oyl-coa is a member of the class of compounds known as acyl coas. Acyl coas are organic compounds containing a coenzyme A substructure linked to an acyl chain. 3-oxo-23,24-bisnorchol-4-en-22-oyl-coa is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa). 3-oxo-23,24-bisnorchol-4-en-22-oyl-coa can be found in a number of food items such as cauliflower, tea, acorn, and chanterelle, which makes 3-oxo-23,24-bisnorchol-4-en-22-oyl-coa a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

4-(2'-carboxyphenyl)-4-oxobutyryl-CoA

C32H39N7O20P3S (966.1183384)

4-(2-carboxyphenyl)-4-oxobutyryl-coa, also known as 2-succinylbenzoyl-coa or 2-(3-carboxypropionyl)benzoyl-coa, is a member of the class of compounds known as acyl coas. Acyl coas are organic compounds containing a coenzyme A substructure linked to an acyl chain. 4-(2-carboxyphenyl)-4-oxobutyryl-coa is slightly soluble (in water) and an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa). 4-(2-carboxyphenyl)-4-oxobutyryl-coa can be found in a number of food items such as spinach, lettuce, date, and chervil, which makes 4-(2-carboxyphenyl)-4-oxobutyryl-coa a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

isobutanoyl-CoA

C25H38N7O17P3S (833.1257688000001)

Isobutanoyl-coa is slightly soluble (in water) and an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa). Isobutanoyl-coa can be found in a number of food items such as soy bean, date, lentils, and black mulberry, which makes isobutanoyl-coa a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

jasmonoyl-CoA

C33H48N7O18P3S (955.1989298)

Jasmonoyl-coa is a member of the class of compounds known as acyl coas. Acyl coas are organic compounds containing a coenzyme A substructure linked to an acyl chain. Jasmonoyl-coa is slightly soluble (in water) and an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa). Jasmonoyl-coa can be found in a number of food items such as prairie turnip, cumin, peach, and yardlong bean, which makes jasmonoyl-coa a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

m7G(5')pppAm

C22H29N10O17P3 (798.0924974000001)

M7g(5)pppam is slightly soluble (in water) and an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa). M7g(5)pppam can be found in a number of food items such as pear, garden tomato (variety), green zucchini, and brazil nut, which makes m7g(5)pppam a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

malonyl-CoA methyl ester

C25H36N7O19P3S (863.0999496000001)

Malonyl-coa methyl ester is slightly soluble (in water) and an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa). Malonyl-coa methyl ester can be found in a number of food items such as jostaberry, red bell pepper, ucuhuba, and japanese pumpkin, which makes malonyl-coa methyl ester a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

oxalyl-CoA

C23H31N7O19P3S (834.0608266)

Oxalyl-coa is a member of the class of compounds known as acyl coas. Acyl coas are organic compounds containing a coenzyme A substructure linked to an acyl chain. Oxalyl-coa is slightly soluble (in water) and an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa). Oxalyl-coa can be found in a number of food items such as peppermint, tinda, angelica, and common chokecherry, which makes oxalyl-coa a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

p-dihydrocoumaroyl-CoA

C30H40N7O18P3S (911.136333)

P-dihydrocoumaroyl-coa is also known as 4-hydroxydihydrocinnamoyl-coa. P-dihydrocoumaroyl-coa is slightly soluble (in water) and an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa). P-dihydrocoumaroyl-coa can be found in a number of food items such as chinese mustard, half-highbush blueberry, muskmelon, and black radish, which makes P-dihydrocoumaroyl-coa a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

propanoyl-CoA

C24H36N7O17P3S (819.1101196000001)

Propanoyl-coa is a member of the class of compounds known as acyl coas. Acyl coas are organic compounds containing a coenzyme A substructure linked to an acyl chain. Propanoyl-coa is slightly soluble (in water) and an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa). Propanoyl-coa can be found in a number of food items such as dill, black cabbage, chervil, and mugwort, which makes propanoyl-coa a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.