Propafenone (BioDeep_00000002059)

 

Secondary id: BioDeep_00000408817

human metabolite blood metabolite Chemicals and Drugs


代谢物信息卡片


1-(2-(2-Hydroxy-3-(propylamino)propoxy)phenyl)-3-phenyl-1-propanone

化学式: C21H27NO3 (341.1991)
中文名称: 普罗帕酮
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 Homo sapiens(urine) 10.21%

分子结构信息

SMILES: CCCNCC(COC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)CCC2=CC=CC=C2)O
InChI: InChI=1S/C21H27NO3/c1-2-14-22-15-18(23)16-25-21-11-7-6-10-19(21)20(24)13-12-17-8-4-3-5-9-17/h3-11,18,22-23H,2,12-16H2,1H3

描述信息

Propafenone is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an antiarrhythmia agent that is particularly effective in ventricular arrhythmias. It also has weak beta-blocking activity. The drug is generally well tolerated. [PubChem]The electrophysiological effect of propafenone manifests itself in a reduction of upstroke velocity (Phase 0) of the monophasic action potential. In Purkinje fibers, and to a lesser extent myocardial fibers, propafenone reduces the fast inward current carried by sodium ions, which is responsible for the drugs antiarrhythmic actions. Diastolic excitability threshold is increased and effective refractory period prolonged. Propafenone reduces spontaneous automaticity and depresses triggered activity. At very high concentrations in vitro, propafenone can inhibit the slow inward current carried by calcium but this calcium antagonist effect probably does not contribute to antiarrhythmic efficacy.
C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy > C01B - Antiarrhythmics, class i and iii > C01BC - Antiarrhythmics, class ic
D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D026941 - Sodium Channel Blockers > D061567 - Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Blockers
C78274 - Agent Affecting Cardiovascular System > C47793 - Antiarrhythmic Agent
D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2285
D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators
C93038 - Cation Channel Blocker
Propafenone (SA-79), a sodium-channel blocker, acts an antiarrhythmic agent. Propafenone also has high affinity for the β receptor (IC50=32 nM)[1]. Propafenone blocks the transient outward current (Ito) and the sustained delayed rectifier K current (Isus) with IC50 values of 4.9?μm and 8.6?μm, respectively[2]. Propafenone suppresses esophageal cancer proliferation through inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and induce apoptosis[3].

同义名列表

47 个代谢物同义名

1-(2-(2-Hydroxy-3-(propylamino)propoxy)phenyl)-3-phenyl-1-propanone; 1-{2-[2-hydroxy-3-(propylamino)propoxy]phenyl}-3-phenylpropan-1-one; 2-(2-Hydroxy-3-propylaminopropoxy)-omega-phenylpropiophenone; Merck dura brand OF propafenone hydrochloride; Azupharma brand OF propafenone hydrochloride; Kendrick brand OF propafenone hydrochloride; Alpharma brand OF propafenone hydrochloride; Q-Pharm brand OF propafenone hydrochloride; Abbott brand OF propafenone hydrochloride; Apotex brand OF propafenone hydrochloride; Aliud brand OF propafenone hydrochloride; Knoll brand OF propafenone hydrochloride; Juta brand OF propafenone hydrochloride; TAD brand OF propafenone hydrochloride; Propafenone hydrochloride, (S)-isomer; Propafenone hydrochloride, (R)-isomer; Hydrochloride, propafenone; Hexal brand OF propafenone; Propafenone hydrochloride; Propafenone, (+-)-isomer; Propafenone, (S)-isomer; Propafenone, (R)-isomer; Propafenon minden; Propafenon hexal; Apo-propafenone; Propafenon al; Propafenonum; propafenone; Propafenona; Rytmo-puren; Propamerck; Rytmogenat; Baxarytmon; Prolecofen; Rytmonorm; Cuxafenon; Pintoform; Fenoprain; Jutanorm; Arythmol; Nistaken; Norfenon; Rythmol; SA 79; SA-79; Propafenone; Propafenone



数据库引用编号

24 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

PlantCyc(0)

代谢反应

0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(0)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

1 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。

亚细胞结构定位 关联基因列表
Cytoplasm 5 ABCB1, AXIN2, CASQ2, CYP2D6, CYP3A4
Peripheral membrane protein 1 CYP1B1
Endoplasmic reticulum membrane 5 CYP1A2, CYP1B1, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, KCNA2
Nucleus 1 AXIN2
cytosol 2 AXIN2, KCNN4
dendrite 2 KCNA2, KCNB1
centrosome 1 AXIN2
nucleoplasm 2 SCN5A, SCNN1G
Cell membrane 10 ABCB1, ADRB3, KCNA2, KCNA4, KCNA5, KCNB1, KCNH2, KCNJ2, KCNN4, SCN5A
lamellipodium 1 KCNA2
ruffle membrane 1 KCNN4
Cell projection, axon 3 KCNA2, KCNA4, KCNB1
Multi-pass membrane protein 13 ABCB1, ADRB3, CACNA1I, KCNA2, KCNA3, KCNA4, KCNA5, KCNB1, KCNH2, KCNJ2, KCNN4, SCN5A, SCNN1G
Synapse 2 KCNA2, KCNB1
cell junction 1 SCN5A
cell surface 5 ABCB1, KCNA5, KCNB1, KCNH2, SCN5A
glutamatergic synapse 3 KCNA2, KCNA3, KCNJ2
Golgi apparatus 1 KCNA5
Golgi membrane 1 INS
neuronal cell body 2 KCNJ2, KCNN4
presynaptic membrane 2 KCNA2, KCNA3
sarcolemma 2 KCNB1, SCN5A
plasma membrane 14 ABCB1, ADRB3, AXIN2, CACNA1I, KCNA2, KCNA3, KCNA4, KCNA5, KCNB1, KCNH2, KCNJ2, KCNN4, SCN5A, SCNN1G
Membrane 14 ABCB1, CACNA1I, CYP1B1, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, KCNA2, KCNA3, KCNA4, KCNA5, KCNB1, KCNH2, KCNJ2, KCNN4, SCN5A
apical plasma membrane 3 ABCB1, KCNB1, SCNN1G
axon 4 KCNA2, KCNA3, KCNA4, KCNB1
caveola 1 SCN5A
extracellular exosome 2 ABCB1, SCNN1G
endoplasmic reticulum 2 CYP2D6, SCN5A
extracellular space 1 INS
perinuclear region of cytoplasm 5 KCNA3, KCNA5, KCNB1, KCNH2, SCN5A
intercalated disc 3 KCNA5, KCNJ2, SCN5A
mitochondrion 2 CYP1B1, CYP2D6
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle 4 CYP1A2, CYP1B1, CYP2D6, CYP3A4
Microsome membrane 4 CYP1A2, CYP1B1, CYP2D6, CYP3A4
Secreted 1 INS
extracellular region 1 INS
Single-pass membrane protein 1 CYP2D6
neuronal cell body membrane 2 KCNA2, KCNB1
external side of plasma membrane 1 SCNN1G
dendritic spine 2 KCNA4, KCNJ2
T-tubule 2 KCNJ2, SCN5A
perikaryon 2 KCNA2, KCNB1
Z disc 3 CASQ2, KCNA5, SCN5A
beta-catenin destruction complex 1 AXIN2
nucleolus 1 SCN5A
vesicle 1 KCNN4
postsynaptic membrane 4 KCNA2, KCNA3, KCNB1, KCNJ2
Apical cell membrane 2 ABCB1, SCNN1G
Cell membrane, sarcolemma 1 KCNB1
Cell projection, ruffle membrane 1 KCNN4
Cytoplasm, perinuclear region 1 SCN5A
Membrane raft 2 KCNA3, KCNA5
sarcoplasmic reticulum 1 CASQ2
lateral plasma membrane 2 KCNB1, SCN5A
Postsynaptic cell membrane 1 KCNB1
receptor complex 1 ADRB3
neuron projection 2 KCNA2, KCNN4
[Isoform 2]: Cell membrane 1 KCNA3
endosome lumen 1 INS
monoatomic ion channel complex 1 KCNH2
sodium channel complex 1 SCNN1G
axon initial segment 2 KCNA2, KCNA4
Cell projection, dendrite 2 KCNA2, KCNB1
Presynaptic cell membrane 1 KCNA2
Cell membrane, sarcolemma, T-tubule 1 SCN5A
inward rectifier potassium channel complex 1 KCNH2
potassium channel complex 1 KCNA5
synaptic membrane 1 KCNA2
voltage-gated potassium channel complex 8 KCNA2, KCNA3, KCNA4, KCNA5, KCNB1, KCNH2, KCNJ2, KCNN4
secretory granule lumen 1 INS
Golgi lumen 1 INS
endoplasmic reticulum lumen 1 INS
axon terminus 1 KCNA2
voltage-gated calcium channel complex 1 CACNA1I
transport vesicle 1 INS
Sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane 1 CASQ2
Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane 1 INS
calyx of Held 2 KCNA2, KCNA3
Sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen 1 CASQ2
calcium channel complex 1 CASQ2
junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane 1 CASQ2
paranodal junction 1 KCNA2
Synapse, synaptosome 2 KCNA2, KCNB1
Lateral cell membrane 1 KCNB1
external side of apical plasma membrane 1 ABCB1
postsynaptic specialization membrane 1 KCNB1
[Isoform 1]: Cell membrane 1 KCNA3
dendrite membrane 1 KCNB1
voltage-gated sodium channel complex 1 SCN5A
intracellular canaliculus 1 KCNA5
cholinergic synapse 1 KCNB1
lamellipodium membrane 1 KCNA2
Cell projection, lamellipodium membrane 1 KCNA2
proximal dendrite 1 KCNB1
Cell junction, paranodal septate junction 1 KCNA2
juxtaparanode region of axon 1 KCNA2
[Isoform 3]: Cytoplasm, perinuclear region 1 KCNA3


文献列表

  • Jinlian Wei, Yongyun Li, Ruoxi Li, Xin Chen, Tiannuo Yang, Liang Liao, Yuqing Xie, Jin Zhu, Fei Mao, Renbing Jia, Xiaofang Xu, Jian Li. Drug repurposing of propafenone to discover novel anti-tumor agents by impairing homologous recombination to delay DNA damage recovery of rare disease conjunctival melanoma. European journal of medicinal chemistry. 2023 Feb; 250(?):115238. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115238. [PMID: 36868105]
  • Jiaru Li, Junzu Shi, Chenyang Jia, Wei Li, Ying Peng, Jiang Zheng. Metabolic Activation and Cytotoxicity of Propafenone Mediated by CYP2D6. Chemical research in toxicology. 2022 05; 35(5):829-839. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00013. [PMID: 35442037]
  • Beata Ceynowa-Sielawko, Maciej T Wybraniec, Aleksandra Topp-Zielińska, Aleksander Maciąg, Dawid Miśkowiec, Paweł Balsam, Maciej Wójcik, Wojciech Wróbel, Michał M Farkowski, Edyta Ćwiek-Rębowska, Krzysztof Ozierański, Robert Błaszczyk, Karolina Bula, Tomasz Dembowski, Michał Peller, Bartosz Krzowski, Wojciech Wańha, Marek Koziński, Jarosław D Kasprzak, Hanna Szwed, Katarzyna Mizia-Stec, Marek Szołkiewicz. Pharmacological Cardioversion in Patients with Recent-Onset Atrial Fibrillation and Chronic Kidney Disease Subanalysis of the CANT II Study. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2022 04; 19(8):. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19084880. [PMID: 35457747]
  • Xiaokang Li, Jinwen Li, Yunyuan Huang, Qi Gong, Yan Fu, Yixiang Xu, Junyang Huang, Haolan You, Dong Zhang, Dan Zhang, Fei Mao, Jin Zhu, Huan Wang, Haiyan Zhang, Jian Li. The novel therapeutic strategy of vilazodone-donepezil chimeras as potent triple-target ligands for the potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease with comorbid depression. European journal of medicinal chemistry. 2022 Feb; 229(?):114045. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.114045. [PMID: 34922191]
  • Han Ju, N Arul Murugan, Lingxin Hou, Ping Li, Laura Guizzo, Ying Zhang, Chiara Bertagnin, Xiujie Kong, Dongwei Kang, Ruifang Jia, Xiuli Ma, Ruikun Du, Vasanthanathan Poongavanam, Arianna Loregian, Bing Huang, Xinyong Liu, Peng Zhan. Identification of C5-NH2 Modified Oseltamivir Derivatives as Novel Influenza Neuraminidase Inhibitors with Highly Improved Antiviral Activities and Favorable Druggability. Journal of medicinal chemistry. 2021 12; 64(24):17992-18009. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01366. [PMID: 34735766]
  • Mark J Henderson, Kathleen A Trychta, Shyh-Ming Yang, Susanne Bäck, Adam Yasgar, Emily S Wires, Carina Danchik, Xiaokang Yan, Hideaki Yano, Lei Shi, Kuo-Jen Wu, Amy Q Wang, Dingyin Tao, Gergely Zahoránszky-Kőhalmi, Xin Hu, Xin Xu, David Maloney, Alexey V Zakharov, Ganesha Rai, Fumihiko Urano, Mikko Airavaara, Oksana Gavrilova, Ajit Jadhav, Yun Wang, Anton Simeonov, Brandon K Harvey. A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome. Cell reports. 2021 04; 35(4):109040. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109040. [PMID: 33910017]
  • Bei-Er Jiang, Xingwu Jiang, Qiansen Zhang, Qiuwen Liang, Zi-Liang Qiu, Xiang-Bai Sun, Jun-Jie Yang, Si Chen, Chunyang Yi, Xiaolei Chai, Mingyao Liu, Li-Fang Yu, Weiqiang Lu, Han-Kun Zhang. From a Designer Drug to the Discovery of Selective Cannabinoid Type 2 Receptor Agonists with Favorable Pharmacokinetic Profiles for the Treatment of Systemic Sclerosis. Journal of medicinal chemistry. 2021 01; 64(1):385-403. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01023. [PMID: 33382613]
  • Kosuke Doki, Yuki Shirayama, Yukio Sekiguchi, Kazutaka Aonuma, Yukinao Kohda, Masaki Ieda, Masato Homma. Effect of CYP2D6 genetic polymorphism on peak propafenone concentration: no significant effect of CYP2D6*10. Pharmacogenomics. 2020 12; 21(18):1279-1288. doi: 10.2217/pgs-2020-0105. [PMID: 33203295]
  • Yuzhou Gui, Youli Lu, Shuijun Li, Mengqi Zhang, Xiaokun Duan, Charles C Liu, Jingying Jia, Gangyi Liu. Direct analysis in real time-mass spectrometry for rapid quantification of five anti-arrhythmic drugs in human serum: application to therapeutic drug monitoring. Scientific reports. 2020 09; 10(1):15550. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-72490-w. [PMID: 32968164]
  • Xiaodan Wang, Zhengqing Liu, Pengfei Gao, Yanjie Li, Xiaoyan Qu. Surface functionalized quantum dots as biosensor for highly selective and sensitive detection of ppb level of propafenone. Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy. 2020 Feb; 227(?):117709. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117709. [PMID: 31699588]
  • Xusheng An, Yong Mei, Hao Sun, Jinsong Zhang. Detoxification effects of long-chain versus a mixture of medium- and long-chain triglyceride-based fat emulsion on propafenone poisoning. Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas. 2020; 53(7):e9491. doi: 10.1590/1414-431x20209491. [PMID: 32520203]
  • Kuanglei Wang, Zaiqiang Lei, Lei Zhao, Binfeng Chen, Fei Yang, Kemin Liu, Hongxi Zhu, Hongqian Zhao, Ruiyuan Cao, Kun Zhang, Yongshou Tian. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of oseltamivir derivatives containing pyridyl group as potent inhibitors of neuraminidase for influenza A. European journal of medicinal chemistry. 2020 Jan; 185(?):111841. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111841. [PMID: 31708183]
  • Tobie D Lee, Olivia W Lee, Kyle R Brimacombe, Lu Chen, Rajarshi Guha, Sabrina Lusvarghi, Bethilehem G Tebase, Carleen Klumpp-Thomas, Robert W Robey, Suresh V Ambudkar, Min Shen, Michael M Gottesman, Matthew D Hall. A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Molecular pharmacology. 2019 11; 96(5):629-640. doi: 10.1124/mol.119.115964. [PMID: 31515284]
  • Wei Zhang, Shichun Lun, Ling-Ling Liu, Shiqi Xiao, Guanfu Duan, Hendra Gunosewoyo, Fan Yang, Jie Tang, William R Bishai, Li-Fang Yu. Identification of Novel Coumestan Derivatives as Polyketide Synthase 13 Inhibitors against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Part II. Journal of medicinal chemistry. 2019 04; 62(7):3575-3589. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00010. [PMID: 30875203]
  • Jian Zhang, Natarajan Arul Murugan, Ye Tian, Chiara Bertagnin, Zengjun Fang, Dongwei Kang, Xiujie Kong, Haiyong Jia, Zhuosen Sun, Ruifang Jia, Ping Gao, Vasanthanathan Poongavanam, Arianna Loregian, Wenfang Xu, Xiuli Ma, Xiao Ding, Bing Huang, Peng Zhan, Xinyong Liu. Structure-Based Optimization of N-Substituted Oseltamivir Derivatives as Potent Anti-Influenza A Virus Agents with Significantly Improved Potency against Oseltamivir-Resistant N1-H274Y Variant. Journal of medicinal chemistry. 2018 11; 61(22):9976-9999. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01065. [PMID: 30365885]
  • Beatrice Severino, Giancarlo Luisi, Renan Donomae Iwamoto, Ronilson Agnaldo Moreno, Victor Perez Teixeira, Paola Di Vaio, Irene Saccone, Elisa Magli, Vincenzo Santagada, Giuseppe Caliendo, Gustavo D Mendes, Gilberto De Nucci. Propafenone quantification in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry in a bioequivalence study
. International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2018 Jun; 56(6):280-291. doi: 10.5414/cp203181. [PMID: 29648531]
  • Yuki Shirayama, Kosuke Doki, Yukio Sekiguchi, Kazutaka Aonuma, Yukinao Kohda, Masato Homma. Simultaneous determination of serum propafenone and its metabolites using high-performance liquid chromatography. Biomedical chromatography : BMC. 2018 Feb; 32(2):. doi: 10.1002/bmc.4099. [PMID: 28929504]
  • Zhiyan Chi, Ruijuan Liu, Y Li, Keli Wang, Chang Shu, L Ding. A Sensitive and Rapid LC-MS-MS Method for Simultaneous Determination of Propafenone and Its Active Metabolite 5-Hydroxypropafenone in Human Plasma and Its Application in a Pharmacokinetic Study. Journal of chromatographic science. 2017 Oct; 55(9):911-917. doi: 10.1093/chromsci/bmx049. [PMID: 28985274]
  • Harilal Patel, Ashok Ghoghari, Chandrakant Bhatt, Shaival Shah, Anilkumar Jha, Nirmal Desai, Nuggehally R Srinivas. A sensitive quantitative assay for the determination of propafenone and two metabolites, 5-hydroxypropafenone and N-depropylpropafenone, in human K2EDTA plasma using LC-MS/MS with ESI operated in positive mode. Biomedical chromatography : BMC. 2017 Oct; 31(10):. doi: 10.1002/bmc.3967. [PMID: 28261841]
  • Ivana Kacirova, Milan Grundmann, Martin Kolek, Erika Vyskocilova-Hrudikova, Romana Urinovska, Petr Handlos. Lethal suicide attempt with a mixed-drug intoxication of metoprolol and propafenone - A first pediatric case report. Forensic science international. 2017 Sep; 278(?):e34-e40. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.06.025. [PMID: 28716517]
  • Mohammad-Reza Rouini, Minoo Afshar. Effect of CYP2D6 polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of propafenone and its two main metabolites. Therapie. 2017 Jun; 72(3):373-382. doi: 10.1016/j.therap.2016.10.005. [PMID: 28087064]
  • Talha Shafi, Ishrat Jabeen. Grid-independent Descriptors (GRIND) Analysis and SAR Guided Molecular Docking Studies to Probe Selectivity Profiles of Inhibitors of Multidrug Resistance Transporters ABCB1 and ABCG2. Current cancer drug targets. 2017; 17(2):177-190. doi: 10.2174/1568009616666160901094140. [PMID: 27585695]
  • Kurt Stoschitzky, Gergana Stoschitzky, Peter Lercher, Helmut Brussee, Günter Lamprecht, Wolfgang Lindner. Propafenone shows class Ic and class II antiarrhythmic effects. Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology. 2016 Apr; 18(4):568-71. doi: 10.1093/europace/euv195. [PMID: 26056191]
  • Yinsong Zhu, Jiong Hu, Wenjuan He, Xiujuan Gao, Ping Ren, Hui Chen. DDPH, a novel antihypertensive agent, is a potential dual inhibitor of hepatic CYP2D and CYP3A. Chemico-biological interactions. 2016 Mar; 247(?):55-63. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.01.019. [PMID: 26827781]
  • Matthew H Slawson, Kamisha L Johnson-Davis. Quantitation of Flecainide, Mexiletine, Propafenone, and Amiodarone in Serum or Plasma Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.). 2016; 1383(?):11-9. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3252-8_2. [PMID: 26660169]
  • Başak Bayram, Işıl Köse, Sinem Avcı, Abdulla Arslan, Çağdaş Acara. Successful Treatment of Propafenone Intoxication With Intravenous Lipid Emulsion. Pharmacotherapy. 2015 Oct; 35(10):e149-52. doi: 10.1002/phar.1637. [PMID: 26497484]
  • Guirong Borijihan, Youxin Li, Jianguo Gao, James J Bao. Development of a novel 96-well format for liquid-liquid microextraction and its application in the HPLC analysis of biological samples. Journal of separation science. 2014 May; 37(9-10):1155-61. doi: 10.1002/jssc.201300954. [PMID: 24574156]
  • Lara B Younan, Kassem A Barada, Walid G Faraj, Ayman N Tawil, Mark N Jabbour, Maurice Y Khoury, Nadim Mw El-Majzoub, Mohamad A Eloubeidi. Propafenone hepatotoxicity: report of a new case and review of the literature. Saudi journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology Association. 2013 Sep; 19(5):235-7. doi: 10.4103/1319-3767.118137. [PMID: 24045598]
  • Cho-Ming Loi, Dennis A Smith, Deepak Dalvie. Which metabolites circulate?. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2013 May; 41(5):933-51. doi: 10.1124/dmd.112.050278. [PMID: 23454828]
  • J Flores Pérez, B Ramírez Mendiola, C Flores Pérez, R García Álvarez, H Juárez Olguín. Preparation and evaluation of unitary doses of propafenone used in children with supraventricular tachycardia: a pilot study. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences. 2013 Jan; 17(2):189-94. doi: . [PMID: 23377806]
  • Daniel J Warner, Hongming Chen, Louis-David Cantin, J Gerry Kenna, Simone Stahl, Clare L Walker, Tobias Noeske. Mitigating the inhibition of human bile salt export pump by drugs: opportunities provided by physicochemical property modulation, in silico modeling, and structural modification. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2012 Dec; 40(12):2332-41. doi: 10.1124/dmd.112.047068. [PMID: 22961681]
  • Qin-You Tan, Rong-Hua Zhu, Huan-de Li, Ping-Fei Fang, Miao Yan, Qi-Zhi Zhang, Wen-Xing Peng. Development and validation of a sensitive U-HPLC-MS/MS method with electrospray ionization for quantitation of ranolazine in human plasma: application to a clinical pharmacokinetic study. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 2012 Jul; 901(?):119-24. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.06.011. [PMID: 22749688]
  • Ishrat Jabeen, Karin Pleban, Uwe Rinner, Peter Chiba, Gerhard F Ecker. Structure-activity relationships, ligand efficiency, and lipophilic efficiency profiles of benzophenone-type inhibitors of the multidrug transporter P-glycoprotein. Journal of medicinal chemistry. 2012 Apr; 55(7):3261-73. doi: 10.1021/jm201705f. [PMID: 22452412]
  • A Sestito, E Molina. Atrial fibrillation and the pharmacological treatment: the role of propafenone. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences. 2012 Feb; 16(2):242-53. doi: . [PMID: 22428477]
  • Gilles E O'Hara, François Philippon, Marcel Gilbert, Jean Champagne, Véronique Michaud, Lyne Charbonneau, Guylaine Pruneau, Bettina A Hamelin, Peter Geelen, Jacques Turgeon. Combined administration of quinidine and propafenone for atrial fibrillation: the CAQ-PAF study. Journal of clinical pharmacology. 2012 Feb; 52(2):171-9. doi: 10.1177/0091270011399574. [PMID: 21508180]
  • Thomas Meinertz, Wilhelm Kirch, Ludger Rosin, David Pittrow, Stefan N Willich, Paulus Kirchhof. Management of atrial fibrillation by primary care physicians in Germany: baseline results of the ATRIUM registry. Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society. 2011 Oct; 100(10):897-905. doi: 10.1007/s00392-011-0320-5. [PMID: 21533828]
  • Xia Li, Derong Zhu, Tianyan You. Simultaneous analysis of six cardiovascular drugs by capillary electrophoresis coupled with electrochemical and electrochemiluminescence detection, using a chemometrical optimization approach. Electrophoresis. 2011 Aug; 32(16):2139-47. doi: 10.1002/elps.201100074. [PMID: 21792992]
  • Vera H M Deneer, Norbert M van Hemel. Is antiarrhythmic treatment in the elderly different? a review of the specific changes. Drugs & aging. 2011 Aug; 28(8):617-33. doi: 10.2165/11591680-000000000-00000. [PMID: 21812498]
  • Graham Lappin, Yoko Shishikura, Roeline Jochemsen, Richard John Weaver, Charlotte Gesson, J Brian Houston, Berend Oosterhuis, Ole J Bjerrum, Grzegorz Grynkiewicz, Jane Alder, Malcolm Rowland, Colin Garner. Comparative pharmacokinetics between a microdose and therapeutic dose for clarithromycin, sumatriptan, propafenone, paracetamol (acetaminophen), and phenobarbital in human volunteers. European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2011 Jun; 43(3):141-50. doi: 10.1016/j.ejps.2011.04.009. [PMID: 21540108]
  • José M Molina-Guijarro, Álvaro Macías, Carolina García, Eva Muñoz, Luis F García-Fernández, Miren David, Lucía Núñez, Juan F Martínez-Leal, Victoria Moneo, Carmen Cuevas, M Pilar Lillo, Carlos Villalobos Jorge, Carmen Valenzuela, Carlos M Galmarini. Irvalec inserts into the plasma membrane causing rapid loss of integrity and necrotic cell death in tumor cells. PloS one. 2011 Apr; 6(4):e19042. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019042. [PMID: 21556352]
  • Hyun Seok Hwang, Can Hasdemir, Derek Laver, Divya Mehra, Kutsal Turhan, Michela Faggioni, Huiyong Yin, Björn C Knollmann. Inhibition of cardiac Ca2+ release channels (RyR2) determines efficacy of class I antiarrhythmic drugs in catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology. 2011 Apr; 4(2):128-35. doi: 10.1161/circep.110.959916. [PMID: 21270101]
  • Anna M Wobus, Peter Löser. Present state and future perspectives of using pluripotent stem cells in toxicology research. Archives of toxicology. 2011 Feb; 85(2):79-117. doi: 10.1007/s00204-010-0641-6. [PMID: 21225242]
  • Aurélien Bailly, Haibing Yang, Enrico Martinoia, Markus Geisler, Angus S Murphy. Plant Lessons: Exploring ABCB Functionality Through Structural Modeling. Frontiers in plant science. 2011; 2(?):108. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2011.00108. [PMID: 22639627]
  • Offie P Soldin, Sarah H Chung, Donald R Mattison. Sex differences in drug disposition. Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology. 2011; 2011(?):187103. doi: 10.1155/2011/187103. [PMID: 21403873]
  • Giuseppe Boriani, Mauro Biffi, Igor Diemberger, Giulia Domenichini, Alessandro Marziali, Cristian Martignani. Atrial fibrillation: adverse effects of 'pill-in-the-pocket' treatment and propafenone-carvedilol interaction. International journal of cardiology. 2010 Apr; 140(2):242-3; author reply 243. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.11.028. [PMID: 19062111]
  • Hanna Ovaska, Andrew Ludman, Edgar P Spencer, David M Wood, Alison L Jones, Paul I Dargan. Propafenone poisoning--a case report with plasma propafenone concentrations. Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology. 2010 Mar; 6(1):37-40. doi: 10.1007/s13181-010-0037-2. [PMID: 20373066]
  • G Lamprecht, K Stoschitzky. Enantioselective analysis of R- and S-propafenone in plasma by HPLC applying column switching and liquid-liquid extraction. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 2009 Nov; 877(29):3489-94. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.08.024. [PMID: 19736049]
  • Xiaofan Sui, Jin Sun, Haiyan Li, Yongjun Wang, Jianfang Liu, Xiaohong Liu, Wenping Zhang, Lijiang Chen, Zhonggui He. Prediction of volume of distribution values in human using immobilized artificial membrane partitioning coefficients, the fraction of compound ionized and plasma protein binding data. European journal of medicinal chemistry. 2009 Nov; 44(11):4455-60. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.06.004. [PMID: 19586686]
  • Quan-long Zhang, Jin-Hong Hu, Quan-Gang Zhu, Feng-Qian Li, Ji-Yong Liu, Dan Wang. Development of a novel HPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of aconitine and its application to in vitro and rat microdialysis samples. Biomedical chromatography : BMC. 2009 Jul; 23(7):692-9. doi: 10.1002/bmc.1162. [PMID: 19309751]
  • Yanjun Hong, Yihong Tang, Su Zeng. Enantioselective plasma protein binding of propafenone: mechanism, drug interaction, and species difference. Chirality. 2009 Jul; 21(7):692-8. doi: 10.1002/chir.20666. [PMID: 18937289]
  • Atsushi Tamura, Takehiko Ogura, Hiroko Uemura, Yoshie Reien, Takashi Kishimoto, Toshio Nagai, Issei Komuro, Masaru Miyazaki, Haruaki Nakaya. Effects of antiarrhythmic drugs on the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel current. Journal of pharmacological sciences. 2009 Jun; 110(2):150-9. doi: 10.1254/jphs.08312fp. [PMID: 19498275]
  • Alena Siarheyeva, Frances J Sharom. The ABC transporter MsbA interacts with lipid A and amphipathic drugs at different sites. The Biochemical journal. 2009 Apr; 419(2):317-28. doi: 10.1042/bj20081364. [PMID: 19132955]
  • Dominique De Clercq, Gunther van Loon, Rene Tavernier, Rene Verbesselt, Piet Deprez. Use of propafenone for conversion of chronic atrial fibrillation in horses. American journal of veterinary research. 2009 Feb; 70(2):223-7. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.70.2.223. [PMID: 19231955]
  • Hugo Juárez Olguín, Carmen Flores Pérez, Blanca Ramírez Mendiola, Lina Barranco Garduño, Eunice Sandoval Ramírez, Janett Flores Pérez. Comparative bioavailability of propafenone after administration of a magistral suspension vs. commercial tablets in healthy volunteers. Arzneimittel-Forschung. 2009; 59(3):117-20. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1296373. [PMID: 19402341]
  • Hugo Juárez Olguín, Carmen Flores Pérez, Blanca Ramírez Mendiola, Rafael Coria Jiménez, Eunice Sandoval Ramírez, Janett Flores Pérez. Extemporaneous suspension of propafenone: attending lack of pediatric formulations in Mexico. Pediatric cardiology. 2008 Nov; 29(6):1077-81. doi: 10.1007/s00246-008-9257-5. [PMID: 18587605]
  • K Mörike, K T Kivistö, E Schaeffeler, C Jägle, S Igel, S Drescher, R Fux, C Marx, U Hofmann, C Engel, F Wagner, U Delabar, C Meisner, D Bail, J O Böhm, C H Gleiter, G Ziemer, J G Rein, K D Hellberg, M Eichelbaum, M Schwab. Propafenone for the prevention of atrial tachyarrhythmias after cardiac surgery: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2008 Jul; 84(1):104-10. doi: 10.1038/sj.clpt.6100473. [PMID: 18167502]
  • R Scott Obach, Franco Lombardo, Nigel J Waters. Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2008 Jul; 36(7):1385-405. doi: 10.1124/dmd.108.020479. [PMID: 18426954]
  • Dermot F McGinnity, Nigel J Waters, James Tucker, Robert J Riley. Integrated in vitro analysis for the in vivo prediction of cytochrome P450-mediated drug-drug interactions. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2008 Jun; 36(6):1126-34. doi: 10.1124/dmd.108.020446. [PMID: 18356267]
  • L Segale, B Albertini, L Giovannelli, F Pattarino. Empirical kinetic model of propafenone release from Hot Air Coating microparticles. International journal of pharmaceutics. 2008 Apr; 353(1-2):124-30. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.11.022. [PMID: 18162344]
  • Pietro Gareri, Pasquale De Fazio, Luca Gallelli, Salvatore De Fazio, Alessandro Davoli, Giuseppe Seminara, Antonino Cotroneo, Giovambattista De Sarro. Venlafaxine-propafenone interaction resulting in hallucinations and psychomotor agitation. The Annals of pharmacotherapy. 2008 Mar; 42(3):434-8. doi: 10.1345/aph.1k405. [PMID: 18303146]
  • Hin-Koon Woo, Trent R Northen, Oscar Yanes, Gary Siuzdak. Nanostructure-initiator mass spectrometry: a protocol for preparing and applying NIMS surfaces for high-sensitivity mass analysis. Nature protocols. 2008; 3(8):1341-9. doi: 10.1038/nprot.2008.110. [PMID: 18714302]
  • Panagiotis C Stafylas, Pantelis A Sarafidis. Carvedilol in hypertension treatment. Vascular health and risk management. 2008; 4(1):23-30. doi: 10.2147/vhrm.2008.04.01.23. [PMID: 18629377]
  • Scott Wilkes. The use of bupropion SR in cigarette smoking cessation. International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 2008; 3(1):45-53. doi: 10.2147/copd.s1121. [PMID: 18488428]
  • Christopher P Regan, Laszlo Kiss, Gary L Stump, Charles J McIntyre, Douglas C Beshore, Nigel J Liverton, Christopher J Dinsmore, Joseph J Lynch. Atrial antifibrillatory effects of structurally distinct IKur blockers 3-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-6-methoxy-2-methyl-4-phenylisoquinolin-1(2H)-one and 2-phenyl-1,1-dipyridin-3-yl-2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-ethanol in dogs with underlying heart failure. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics. 2008 Jan; 324(1):322-30. doi: 10.1124/jpet.107.127654. [PMID: 17967939]
  • Fabio Fabbian, Nevio Stabellini, Sergio Sartori, Paola Tombesi, Arrigo Aleotti, Maurizio Bergami, Simona Uggeri, Adriana Galdi, Christian Molino, Luigi Catizone. Light chain deposition disease presenting as paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: a case report. Journal of medical case reports. 2007 Dec; 1(?):187. doi: 10.1186/1752-1947-1-187. [PMID: 18163912]
  • Li Zhang, Rong Wang, Yunqiu Yu, Yurong Zhang. Capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence and pre-column derivatization for the analysis of illicit drugs. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 2007 Sep; 857(1):130-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.07.009. [PMID: 17689300]
  • Yen-Yuan Chen, Ching-Yu Chen, Kai-Kuen Leung. Acute pancreatitis and amiodarone: a case report. World journal of gastroenterology. 2007 Feb; 13(6):975-7. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i6.975. [PMID: 17352036]
  • Xiujuan Wen, Shai Dagan, Vicki H Wysocki. Small-molecule analysis with silicon-nanoparticle-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Analytical chemistry. 2007 Jan; 79(2):434-44. doi: 10.1021/ac061154l. [PMID: 17222005]
  • Sule Unal, Benan Bayrakci, Umit Yasar, Tevfik Karagoz. Successful treatment of propafenone, digoxin and warfarin overdosage with plasma exchange therapy and rifampicin. Clinical drug investigation. 2007; 27(7):505-8. doi: 10.2165/00044011-200727070-00008. [PMID: 17563131]
  • Véronique Michaud, Mohamad Samer Mouksassi, Line Labbé, Pierre-Maxime Bélanger, Liliane Ayotte Ferron, Marcel Gilbert, Odette Grech-Bélanger, Jacques Turgeon. Inhibitory effects of propafenone on the pharmacokinetics of caffeine in humans. Therapeutic drug monitoring. 2006 Dec; 28(6):779-83. doi: 10.1097/01.ftd.0000249945.64978.33. [PMID: 17164694]
  • Mohamed Abdelfattah El Dawya, Mokhtar Mohamed Mabrouk, Riad Ahmed El Barbary. Spectrofluorimetric determination of drugs containing active methylene group using N1-methyl nicotinamide chloride as a fluorigenic agent. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin. 2006 Jul; 54(7):1026-9. doi: 10.1248/cpb.54.1026. [PMID: 16819224]
  • Minoo Afshar, Wolfgang Thormann. Validated capillary electrophoresis assay for the simultaneous enantioselective determination of propafenone and its major metabolites in biological samples. Electrophoresis. 2006 Apr; 27(8):1517-25. doi: 10.1002/elps.200500663. [PMID: 16532516]
  • Zhi-bin Guo, Jin-guo Fu, Yong Zhao. [Therapeutic efficacy of oxymatrine on arrhythmia and heart rate variability in patients with coronary heart disease]. Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine. 2006 Apr; 26(4):311-5. doi: ". [PMID: 16688996]
  • Alexander N Katchman, John Koerner, Toshimasa Tosaka, Raymond L Woosley, Steven N Ebert. Comparative evaluation of HERG currents and QT intervals following challenge with suspected torsadogenic and nontorsadogenic drugs. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics. 2006 Mar; 316(3):1098-106. doi: 10.1124/jpet.105.093393. [PMID: 16278312]
  • Yasuhiko Higashi, Hiroki Matsumura, Youichi Fujii. Determination of fluvoxamine in rat plasma by HPLC with pre-column derivatization and fluorescence detection using 4-fluoro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole. Biomedical chromatography : BMC. 2005 Dec; 19(10):771-6. doi: 10.1002/bmc.514. [PMID: 15856488]
  • Boni Elewski, Amir Tavakkol. Safety and tolerability of oral antifungal agents in the treatment of fungal nail disease: a proven reality. Therapeutics and clinical risk management. 2005 Dec; 1(4):299-306. doi: . [PMID: 18360572]
  • Hiroshi Komura, Masahiro Iwaki. Nonlinear pharmacokinetics of propafenone in rats and humans: application of a substrate depletion assay using hepatocytes for assessment of nonlinearity. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2005 Jun; 33(6):726-32. doi: 10.1124/dmd.104.002550. [PMID: 15743979]
  • Iouri Bachmakov, Sabine Rekersbrink, Ute Hofmann, Michel Eichelbaum, Martin F Fromm. Characterisation of (R/S)-propafenone and its metabolites as substrates and inhibitors of P-glycoprotein. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology. 2005 Mar; 371(3):195-201. doi: 10.1007/s00210-005-1025-y. [PMID: 15900513]
  • Karin Pleban, Stephan Kopp, Edina Csaszar, Michael Peer, Thomas Hrebicek, Andreas Rizzi, Gerhard F Ecker, Peter Chiba. P-glycoprotein substrate binding domains are located at the transmembrane domain/transmembrane domain interfaces: a combined photoaffinity labeling-protein homology modeling approach. Molecular pharmacology. 2005 Feb; 67(2):365-74. doi: 10.1124/mol.104.006973. [PMID: 15509712]
  • Minoo Afshar, Mohammadreza Rouini. A rapid HPLC assay for the simultaneous determination of propafenone and its major metabolites in human serum. Analytical sciences : the international journal of the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry. 2004 Sep; 20(9):1307-11. doi: 10.2116/analsci.20.1307. [PMID: 15478341]
  • Pekka Suomalainen, Christoffer Johans, Tim Söderlund, Paavo K J Kinnunen. Surface activity profiling of drugs applied to the prediction of blood-brain barrier permeability. Journal of medicinal chemistry. 2004 Mar; 47(7):1783-8. doi: 10.1021/jm0309001. [PMID: 15027870]
  • Qiang-Hua Wei, Yun-Yu Shi, Bo-Sheng Shen, Jin-Ren Zhang. [Clinical study on Fufang Sishen Decoction in treating arrhythmia after virus myocarditis]. Zhong xi yi jie he xue bao = Journal of Chinese integrative medicine. 2004 Mar; 2(2):97-9. doi: 10.3736/jcim20040206. [PMID: 15339466]
  • Franco Lombardo, R Scott Obach, Marina Y Shalaeva, Feng Gao. Prediction of human volume of distribution values for neutral and basic drugs. 2. Extended data set and leave-class-out statistics. Journal of medicinal chemistry. 2004 Feb; 47(5):1242-50. doi: 10.1021/jm030408h. [PMID: 14971904]
  • Yong-jiang Wu, Ming-ming Ma, Su Zheng. Enantioselective assay of S+ - and R- -propafenone in human urine by using RP-HPLC with pre-column chiral derivatization. Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. 2004 Feb; 5(2):226-9. doi: 10.1007/bf02840928. [PMID: 14674037]
  • Min Zhu, Tong-wei Yao, Su Zeng. [Glucuronidation and in vitro interaction of Ginkgo flavonoids with other drugs]. Zhejiang da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences. 2004 01; 33(1):15-20. doi: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2004.01.004. [PMID: 14966933]
  • S-Y Wang, E Moczydlowski, G Wang. Inactivation-deficient human skeletal muscle Na+ channels (hNav1.4-L443C/A444W) in stably transfected HEK-293 cells. Receptors & channels. 2004; 10(3-4):131-8. doi: 10.1080/10606820490514914. [PMID: 15512848]
  • B Stancak, P Markovic, A Rajnic, V Petrikova. Acute toxicity of propafenone in a case of suicidal attempt. Bratislavske lekarske listy. 2004; 105(1):14-7. doi: NULL. [PMID: 15141810]
  • Bing Chen, Wei-Min Cai. Influence of CYP2D6*10B genotype on pharmacokinetics of propafenone enantiomers in Chinese subjects. Acta pharmacologica Sinica. 2003 Dec; 24(12):1277-80. doi: NULL. [PMID: 14653957]
  • S G O'Brien, P Meinhardt, E Bond, J Beck, B Peng, C Dutreix, G Mehring, S Milosavljev, C Huber, R Capdeville, T Fischer. Effects of imatinib mesylate (STI571, Glivec) on the pharmacokinetics of simvastatin, a cytochrome p450 3A4 substrate, in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia. British journal of cancer. 2003 Nov; 89(10):1855-9. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601152. [PMID: 14612892]
  • Franck Clarot, Jean Pierre Goullé, Marlène Horst, Emmanuelle Vaz, Christian Lacroix, Bernard Proust. Fatal propafenone overdoses: case reports and a review of the literature. Journal of analytical toxicology. 2003 Nov; 27(8):595-9. doi: 10.1093/jat/27.8.595. [PMID: 14670140]
  • Daniel Cocozzella, José Curciarello, Osvaldo Corallini, Adriana Olivera, María Malca Alburquerque, Emilio Fraquelli, Liliana Zamagna, Alejandro Olenchuck, Alberto Cremona. Propafenone hepatotoxicity: report of two new cases. Digestive diseases and sciences. 2003 Feb; 48(2):354-7. doi: 10.1023/a:1021943930424. [PMID: 12643615]
  • Risto S Cvetkovic, Karen L Goa. Lopinavir/ritonavir: a review of its use in the management of HIV infection. Drugs. 2003; 63(8):769-802. doi: 10.2165/00003495-200363080-00004. [PMID: 12662125]
  • Masami Kawase, Noboru Motohashi. New multidrug resistance reversal agents. Current drug targets. 2003 Jan; 4(1):31-43. doi: 10.2174/1389450033347064. [PMID: 12528988]
  • Wei-Min Cai, Jun Xu, Bing Chen, Fu-Min Zhang, Yuan-Zhu Huang, Yin-Di Zhang. Effect of CYP2D6*10 genotype on propafenone pharmacodynamics in Chinese patients with ventricular arrhythmia. Acta pharmacologica Sinica. 2002 Nov; 23(11):1040-4. doi: NULL. [PMID: 12421483]
  • J L C M Dorne, K Walton, W Slob, A G Renwick. Human variability in polymorphic CYP2D6 metabolism: is the kinetic default uncertainty factor adequate?. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association. 2002 Nov; 40(11):1633-56. doi: 10.1016/s0278-6915(02)00117-5. [PMID: 12176090]
  • Franco Lombardo, R Scott Obach, Marina Y Shalaeva, Feng Gao. Prediction of volume of distribution values in humans for neutral and basic drugs using physicochemical measurements and plasma protein binding data. Journal of medicinal chemistry. 2002 Jun; 45(13):2867-76. doi: 10.1021/jm0200409. [PMID: 12061889]
  • Giuseppe Boriani, Cristian Martignani, Mauro Biffi, Alessandro Capucci, Angelo Branzi. Oral loading with propafenone for conversion of recent-onset atrial fibrillation: a review on in-hospital treatment. Drugs. 2002; 62(3):415-23. doi: 10.2165/00003495-200262030-00001. [PMID: 11827557]
  • Reza Mehvar, Dion R Brocks, Majid Vakily. Impact of stereoselectivity on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antiarrhythmic drugs. Clinical pharmacokinetics. 2002; 41(8):533-58. doi: 10.2165/00003088-200241080-00001. [PMID: 12102640]
  • S A Doggrell. Amiodarone -- waxed and waned and waxed again. Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy. 2001 Nov; 2(11):1877-90. doi: 10.1517/14656566.2.11.1877. [PMID: 11825323]