NCBI Taxonomy: 40890
Torilis (ncbi_taxid: 40890)
found 436 associated metabolites at genus taxonomy rank level.
Ancestor: Torilidinae
Child Taxonomies: Torilis nodosa, Torilis japonica, Torilis scabra, Torilis tenella, Torilis arvensis, Torilis elongata, Torilis africana, Torilis stocksiana, Torilis leptocarpa, Torilis leptophylla, Torilis chrysocarpa, unclassified Torilis, Torilis trichosperma
Scopoletin
Scopoletin is a hydroxycoumarin that is umbelliferone bearing a methoxy substituent at position 6. It has a role as a plant growth regulator and a plant metabolite. It is functionally related to an umbelliferone. Scopoletin is a natural product found in Ficus auriculata, Haplophyllum cappadocicum, and other organisms with data available. Scopoletin is a coumarin compound found in several plants including those in the genus Scopolia and the genus Brunfelsia, as well as chicory (Cichorium), redstem wormwood (Artemisia scoparia), stinging nettle (Urtica dioica), passion flower (Passiflora), noni (Morinda citrifolia fruit) and European black nightshade (Solanum nigrum) that is comprised of umbelliferone with a methoxy group substituent at position 6. Scopoletin is used to standardize and establish pharmacokinetic properties for products derived from the plants that produce it, such as noni extract. Although the mechanism(s) of action have not yet been established, this agent has potential antineoplastic, antidopaminergic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticholinesterase effects. Plant growth factor derived from the root of Scopolia carniolica or Scopolia japonica. See also: Arnica montana Flower (part of); Lycium barbarum fruit (part of); Viburnum opulus root (part of). Isolated from Angelica acutiloba (Dong Dang Gui). Scopoletin is found in many foods, some of which are lambsquarters, lemon, sunflower, and sherry. Scopoletin is found in anise. Scopoletin is isolated from Angelica acutiloba (Dong Dang Gui A hydroxycoumarin that is umbelliferone bearing a methoxy substituent at position 6. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. [Raw Data] CBA72_Scopoletin_pos_20eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA72_Scopoletin_pos_40eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA72_Scopoletin_neg_30eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA72_Scopoletin_neg_50eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA72_Scopoletin_pos_50eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA72_Scopoletin_pos_10eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA72_Scopoletin_neg_40eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA72_Scopoletin_neg_10eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA72_Scopoletin_pos_30eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA72_Scopoletin_neg_20eV.txt Scopoletin. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=92-61-5 (retrieved 2024-07-12) (CAS RN: 92-61-5). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Scopoletin is an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Scopoletin is an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE).
Adenosine
C10H13N5O4 (267.09674980000005)
Adenosine is a ribonucleoside composed of a molecule of adenine attached to a ribofuranose moiety via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. It has a role as an anti-arrhythmia drug, a vasodilator agent, an analgesic, a human metabolite and a fundamental metabolite. It is a purines D-ribonucleoside and a member of adenosines. It is functionally related to an adenine. The structure of adenosine was first described in 1931, though the vasodilating effects were not described in literature until the 1940s. Adenosine is indicated as an adjunct to thallium-201 in myocardial perfusion scintigraphy, though it is rarely used in this indication, having largely been replaced by [dipyridamole] and [regadenson]. Adenosine is also indicated in the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia. Adenosine was granted FDA approval on 30 October 1989. Adenosine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Adenosine is an Adenosine Receptor Agonist. The mechanism of action of adenosine is as an Adenosine Receptor Agonist. Adenosine is a natural product found in Smilax bracteata, Mikania laevigata, and other organisms with data available. Adenosine is a ribonucleoside comprised of adenine bound to ribose, with vasodilatory, antiarrhythmic and analgesic activities. Phosphorylated forms of adenosine play roles in cellular energy transfer, signal transduction and the synthesis of RNA. Adenosine is a nucleoside that is composed of adenine and d-ribose. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. For instance, adenosine plays an important role in energy transfer - as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). It also plays a role in signal transduction as cyclic adenosine monophosphate, cAMP. Adenosine itself is both a neurotransmitter and potent vasodilator. When administered intravenously, adenosine causes transient heart block in the AV node. Because of the effects of adenosine on AV node-dependent supraventricular tachycardia, adenosine is considered a class V antiarrhythmic agent. Adenosine is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A nucleoside that is composed of adenine and d-ribose. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. Adenosine itself is a neurotransmitter. See also: Adenosine; Niacinamide (component of); Adenosine; Glycerin (component of); Adenosine; ginsenosides (component of) ... View More ... Adenosine is a nucleoside that is composed of adenine and D-ribose. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. For instance, adenosine plays an important role in energy transfer as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). It also plays a role in signal transduction as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Adenosine itself is both a neurotransmitter and potent vasodilator. When administered intravenously adenosine causes transient heart block in the AV node. Due to the effects of adenosine on AV node-dependent supraventricular tachycardia, adenosine is considered a class V antiarrhythmic agent. Overdoses of adenosine intake (as a drug) can lead to several side effects including chest pain, feeling faint, shortness of breath, and tingling of the senses. Serious side effects include a worsening dysrhythmia and low blood pressure. When present in sufficiently high levels, adenosine can act as an immunotoxin and a metabotoxin. An immunotoxin disrupts, limits the function, or destroys immune cells. A metabotoxin is an endogenous metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of adenosine are associated with adenosine deaminase deficiency. Adenosine is a precursor to deoxyadenosine, which is a precursor to dATP. A buildup of dATP in cells inhibits ribonucleotide reductase and prevents DNA synthesis, so cells are unable to divide. Since developing T cells and B cells are some of the most mitotically active cells, they are unable to divide and propagate to respond to immune challenges. High levels of deoxyadenosine also lead to an increase in S-adenosylhomocysteine, which is toxic to immature lymphocytes. Adenosine is a nucleoside composed of a molecule of adenine attached to a ribose sugar molecule (ribofuranose) moiety via a beta-N9-glycosidic bond. [Wikipedia]. Adenosine is found in many foods, some of which are borage, japanese persimmon, nuts, and barley. COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank, COVID-19 Disease Map, clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials A ribonucleoside composed of a molecule of adenine attached to a ribofuranose moiety via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. Adenosine. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=58-61-7 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 58-61-7). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation[1][2]. Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation[1][2]. Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation[1][2].
Sucrose
Sucrose is a nonreducing disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose linked via their anomeric carbons. It is obtained commercially from sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris), and other plants and used extensively as a food and a sweetener. Sucrose is derived by crushing and extracting sugarcane with water or by extracting sugar beet with water, evaporating, and purifying with lime, carbon, and various liquids. Sucrose is also obtainable from sorghum. Sucrose occurs in low percentages in honey and maple syrup. Sucrose is used as a sweetener in foods and soft drinks, in the manufacture of syrups, in invert sugar, confectionery, preserves and jams, demulcent, pharmaceutical products, and caramel. Sucrose is also a chemical intermediate for detergents, emulsifying agents, and other sucrose derivatives. Sucrose is widespread in the seeds, leaves, fruits, flowers, and roots of plants, where it functions as an energy store for metabolism and as a carbon source for biosynthesis. The annual world production of sucrose is in excess of 90 million tons mainly from the juice of sugar cane (20\\\%) and sugar beet (17\\\%). In addition to its use as a sweetener, sucrose is used in food products as a preservative, antioxidant, moisture control agent, stabilizer, and thickening agent. BioTransformer predicts that sucrose is a product of 6-O-sinapoyl sucrose metabolism via a hydrolysis-of-carboxylic-acid-ester-pattern1 reaction occurring in human gut microbiota and catalyzed by the liver carboxylesterase 1 (P23141) enzyme (PMID: 30612223). Sucrose appears as white odorless crystalline or powdery solid. Denser than water. Sucrose is a glycosyl glycoside formed by glucose and fructose units joined by an acetal oxygen bridge from hemiacetal of glucose to the hemiketal of the fructose. It has a role as an osmolyte, a sweetening agent, a human metabolite, an algal metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. A nonreducing disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose linked via their anomeric carbons. It is obtained commercially from sugarcane, sugar beet (beta vulgaris), and other plants and used extensively as a food and a sweetener. Sucrose is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Sucrose is a natural product found in Haplophyllum ramosissimum, Cyperus esculentus, and other organisms with data available. Sucrose is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A nonreducing disaccharide composed of GLUCOSE and FRUCTOSE linked via their anomeric carbons. It is obtained commercially from SUGARCANE, sugar beet (BETA VULGARIS), and other plants and used extensively as a food and a sweetener. See also: Anise; ferrous disulfide; sucrose (component of); Phosphoric acid; sucrose (component of); Sucrose caramel (related) ... View More ... In chemistry, sugar loosely refers to a number of carbohydrates, such as monosaccharides, disaccharides, or oligosaccharides. In food, sugar refers to a class of edible crystalline carbohydrates, mainly sucrose, lactose, and fructose characterized by a sweet flavor. Other sugars are used in industrial food preparation, but are usually known by more specific names - glucose, fructose or fruit sugar, high fructose corn syrup, etc. Sugars is found in many foods, some of which are ucuhuba, butternut squash, common walnut, and miso. A glycosyl glycoside formed by glucose and fructose units joined by an acetal oxygen bridge from hemiacetal of glucose to the hemiketal of the fructose. Sucrose, a disaccharide, is a sugar composed of glucose and fructose subunits. It is produced naturally in plants and is the main constituent of white sugar. It has the molecular formula C 12H 22O 11. For human consumption, sucrose is extracted and refined from either sugarcane or sugar beet. Sugar mills – typically located in tropical regions near where sugarcane is grown – crush the cane and produce raw sugar which is shipped to other factories for refining into pure sucrose. Sugar beet factories are located in temperate climates where the beet is grown, and process the beets directly into refined sugar. The sugar-refining process involves washing the raw sugar crystals before dissolving them into a sugar syrup which is filtered and then passed over carbon to remove any residual colour. The sugar syrup is then concentrated by boiling under a vacuum and crystallized as the final purification process to produce crystals of pure sucrose that are clear, odorless, and sweet. Sugar is often an added ingredient in food production and recipes. About 185 million tonnes of sugar were produced worldwide in 2017.[6] Sucrose is particularly dangerous as a risk factor for tooth decay because Streptococcus mutans bacteria convert it into a sticky, extracellular, dextran-based polysaccharide that allows them to cohere, forming plaque. Sucrose is the only sugar that bacteria can use to form this sticky polysaccharide.[7] Sucrose. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=8030-20-4 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 57-50-1). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Trimethylglycine
Glycine betaine is the amino acid betaine derived from glycine. It has a role as a fundamental metabolite. It is an amino-acid betaine and a glycine derivative. It is a conjugate base of a N,N,N-trimethylglycinium. Betaine is a methyl group donor that functions in the normal metabolic cycle of methionine. It is a naturally occurring choline derivative commonly ingested through diet, with a role in regulating cellular hydration and maintaining cell function. Homocystinuria is an inherited disorder that leads to the accumulation of homocysteine in plasma and urine. Currently, no treatments are available to correct the genetic causes of homocystinuria. However, in order to normalize homocysteine levels, patients can be treated with vitamin B6 ([pyridoxine]), vitamin B12 ([cobalamin]), [folate] and specific diets. Betaine reduces plasma homocysteine levels in patients with homocystinuria. Although it is present in many food products, the levels found there are insufficient to treat this condition. The FDA and EMA have approved the product Cystadane (betaine anhydrous, oral solution) for the treatment of homocystinuria, and the EMA has approved the use of Amversio (betaine anhydrous, oral powder). Betaine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Betaine is a Methylating Agent. The mechanism of action of betaine is as a Methylating Activity. Betaine is a modified amino acid consisting of glycine with three methyl groups that serves as a methyl donor in several metabolic pathways and is used to treat the rare genetic causes of homocystinuria. Betaine has had only limited clinical use, but has not been linked to instances of serum enzyme elevations during therapy or to clinically apparent liver injury. Betaine is a natural product found in Hypoestes phyllostachya, Barleria lupulina, and other organisms with data available. Betaine is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A naturally occurring compound that has been of interest for its role in osmoregulation. As a drug, betaine hydrochloride has been used as a source of hydrochloric acid in the treatment of hypochlorhydria. Betaine has also been used in the treatment of liver disorders, for hyperkalemia, for homocystinuria, and for gastrointestinal disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1341) See also: Arnica montana Flower (part of); Betaine; panthenol (component of); Betaine; scutellaria baicalensis root (component of) ... View More ... A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A16 - Other alimentary tract and metabolism products > A16A - Other alimentary tract and metabolism products > A16AA - Amino acids and derivatives D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents > D008082 - Lipotropic Agents Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites CONFIDENCE standard compound; ML_ID 42 D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents KEIO_ID B047
Cosmosiin
Cosmosiin, also known as apigenin 7-O-glucoside or apigetrin, is a member of the class of compounds known as flavonoid-7-O-glycosides. Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides are phenolic compounds containing a flavonoid moiety which is O-glycosidically linked to carbohydrate moiety at the C7-position. Cosmosiin is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Cosmosiin can be found in a number of food items, such as common thyme, white lupine, common oregano, and orange mint. Cosmosiin can also be found in dandelion coffee and in Teucrium gnaphalodes (Wikipedia). Cosmosiin can also be found plants such as wild celery and anise. Cosmosiin has been shown to exhibit anti-platelet function (PMID: 21834233). Apigenin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside is a glycosyloxyflavone that is apigenin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, a metabolite and an antibacterial agent. It is a beta-D-glucoside, a dihydroxyflavone, a glycosyloxyflavone and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to an apigenin. It is a conjugate acid of an apigenin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside(1-). It is an enantiomer of an apigenin 7-O-beta-L-glucoside. Cosmosiin is a natural product found in Galeopsis tetrahit, Carex fraseriana, and other organisms with data available. See also: Chamomile (part of). Apiumetrin, also known as 7-O-beta-D-glucosyl-5,7,4-trihydroxyflavone or cosmosiin, is a member of the class of compounds known as flavonoid-7-o-glycosides. Flavonoid-7-o-glycosides are phenolic compounds containing a flavonoid moiety which is O-glycosidically linked to carbohydrate moiety at the C7-position. Apiumetrin is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Apiumetrin can be found in wild celery, which makes apiumetrin a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Annotation level-1 Apigenin-7-glucoside (Apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside) exhibits significant anti-proliferative and antioxidant activity and scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS)[1][2]. Apigenin-7-glucoside (Apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside) exhibits significant anti-proliferative and antioxidant activity and scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS)[1][2].
Acacetin
5,7-dihydroxy-4-methoxyflavone is a monomethoxyflavone that is the 4-methyl ether derivative of apigenin. It has a role as an anticonvulsant and a plant metabolite. It is a dihydroxyflavone and a monomethoxyflavone. It is functionally related to an apigenin. It is a conjugate acid of a 5-hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-4H-chromen-7-olate. Acacetin is a natural product found in Verbascum lychnitis, Odontites viscosus, and other organisms with data available. Acacetin (5,7-Dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone) is an orally active flavonoid derived from Dendranthema morifolium. Acacetin docks in the ATP binding pocket of PI3Kγ. Acacetin causes cell cycle arrest and induces apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells. Acacetin has potent anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activity and has the potential for pain-related diseases research[1][2]. Acacetin (5,7-Dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone) is an orally active flavonoid derived from Dendranthema morifolium. Acacetin docks in the ATP binding pocket of PI3Kγ. Acacetin causes cell cycle arrest and induces apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells. Acacetin has potent anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activity and has the potential for pain-related diseases research[1][2].
Luteolin 7-glucoside
Luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside is a glycosyloxyflavone that is luteolin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as an antioxidant and a plant metabolite. It is a beta-D-glucoside, a glycosyloxyflavone, a trihydroxyflavone and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a luteolin. It is a conjugate acid of a luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside(1-). Cynaroside is a natural product found in Verbascum lychnitis, Carex fraseriana, and other organisms with data available. See also: Cynara scolymus leaf (part of); Lonicera japonica flower (part of); Chamaemelum nobile flower (part of). Luteolin 7-glucoside is found in anise. Luteolin 7-glucoside is a constituent of the leaves of Capsicum annuum (red pepper).Cynaroside is a flavone, a flavonoid-like chemical compound. It is a 7-O-glucoside of luteolin and can be found in dandelion coffee, in Ferula varia and F. foetida in Campanula persicifolia and C. rotundifolia and in Cynara scolymus (artichoke) A glycosyloxyflavone that is luteolin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. Constituent of the leaves of Capsicum annuum (red pepper) Cynaroside (Luteolin 7-glucoside) is a flavonoid compound that exhibits anti-oxidative capabilities. Cynaroside is also a potent influenza RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor with an IC50 of 32 nM. Cynaroside also is a promising inhibitor for H2O2-induced apoptosis, has cytoprotection against oxidative stress-induced cardiovascular diseases. Cynaroside also has antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer activities, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities[1][3][4][5].
DL-Mannitol
D-mannitol appears as odorless white crystalline powder or free-flowing granules. Sweet taste. (NTP, 1992) D-mannitol is the D-enantiomer of mannitol. It has a role as an osmotic diuretic, a sweetening agent, an antiglaucoma drug, a metabolite, an allergen, a hapten, a food bulking agent, a food anticaking agent, a food humectant, a food stabiliser, a food thickening agent, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a member of compatible osmolytes. Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic that is metabolically inert in humans and occurs naturally, as a sugar or sugar alcohol, in fruits and vegetables. Mannitol elevates blood plasma osmolality, resulting in enhanced flow of water from tissues, including the brain and cerebrospinal fluid, into interstitial fluid and plasma. As a result, cerebral edema, elevated intracranial pressure, and cerebrospinal fluid volume and pressure may be reduced. Mannitol may also be used for the promotion of diuresis before irreversible renal failure becomes established; the promotion of urinary excretion of toxic substances; as an Antiglaucoma agent; and as a renal function diagnostic aid. On October 30, 2020, mannitol was approved by the FDA as add-on maintenance therapy for the control of pulmonary symptoms associated with cystic fibrosis in adult patients and is currently marketed for this indication under the name BRONCHITOL® by Chiesi USA Inc. Mannitol is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Mannitol is an Osmotic Diuretic. The mechanism of action of mannitol is as an Osmotic Activity. The physiologic effect of mannitol is by means of Increased Diuresis. Mannitol is a natural product found in Pavetta indica, Scoparia dulcis, and other organisms with data available. Mannitol is a naturally occurring alcohol found in fruits and vegetables and used as an osmotic diuretic. Mannitol is freely filtered by the glomerulus and poorly reabsorbed from the renal tubule, thereby causing an increase in osmolarity of the glomerular filtrate. An increase in osmolarity limits tubular reabsorption of water and inhibits the renal tubular reabsorption of sodium, chloride, and other solutes, thereby promoting diuresis. In addition, mannitol elevates blood plasma osmolarity, resulting in enhanced flow of water from tissues into interstitial fluid and plasma. D-mannitol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A diuretic and renal diagnostic aid related to sorbitol. It has little significant energy value as it is largely eliminated from the body before any metabolism can take place. It can be used to treat oliguria associated with kidney failure or other manifestations of inadequate renal function and has been used for determination of glomerular filtration rate. Mannitol is also commonly used as a research tool in cell biological studies, usually to control osmolarity. See also: Mannitol; sorbitol (component of); Mannitol; menthol (component of). Mannitol, or hexan-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol (C6H8(OH)6), is an alcohol and a sugar (sugar alcohol), or a polyol, it is a stereoisomer of sorbitol and is similar to the C5 xylitol. The structure of mannitol is made of a straight chain of six carbon atoms, each of which is substituted with a hydroxyl group. Mannitol is one of the most abundant energy and carbon storage molecules in nature, it is produced by a wide range of organisms such as bacteria, fungi and plants (PMID: 19578847). In medicine, mannitol is used as a diuretic and renal diagnostic aid. Mannitol has little significant energy value as it is largely eliminated from the body before any metabolism can take place. It can be used to treat oliguria associated with kidney failure or other manifestations of inadequate renal function and has been used for determination of glomerular filtration rate. Mannitol is also commonly used as a research tool in cell biological studies, usually to control osmolarity. Mannitol has a tendency to lose a hydrogen ion in aqueous solutions, which causes the solution to become acidic. For this, it is not uncommon to add a weak base, such as sodium bicarbonate, to the solution to adjust its pH. Mannitol is a non-permeating molecule i.e., it cannot cross biological membranes. Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic agent and a weak renal vasodilator. Mannitol is found to be associated with cytochrome c oxidase deficiency and ribose-5-phosphate isomerase deficiency, which are inborn errors of metabolism. Mannitol is also a microbial metabolite found in Aspergillus, Candida, Clostridium, Gluconobacter, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Pseudomonas, Rhodobacteraceae, Saccharomyces, Streptococcus, Torulaspora and Zymomonas (PMID: 15240312; PMID: 29480337). Mannitol. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=85085-15-0 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 69-65-8). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). DL-Mannitol is obtained by combining D-mannitol with a sample of Lmannitol obtained by reduction of L-mannono-1, Clactone[1]. DL-Mannitol is obtained by combining D-mannitol with a sample of Lmannitol obtained by reduction of L-mannono-1, Clactone[1]. D-Mannitol (Mannitol) is an oral, resistant sugar widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries to promote the absorption and retention of calcium and magnesium through cecal fermentation, while acting as a osmotic diuretic to reduce tissue edema. D-Mannitol can enhance brown fat formation, improve insulin effect, reduce blood sugar levels, And through the start the β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR), PGC1α and PKA induced by means of white fat cells into brown fat cells[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. D-Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic with weak renal vasodilatory activity. D-Mannitol (Mannitol) is an oral, resistant sugar widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries to promote the absorption and retention of calcium and magnesium through cecal fermentation, while acting as a osmotic diuretic to reduce tissue edema. D-Mannitol can enhance brown fat formation, improve insulin effect, reduce blood sugar levels, And through the start the β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR), PGC1α and PKA induced by means of white fat cells into brown fat cells[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. D-Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic with weak renal vasodilatory activity.
Luteolin 7-glucuronide
Luteolin 7-glucuronide, also known as cyanidenon-7-O-B-D-glucuronate or luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucuronopyranoside, is a member of the class of compounds known as flavonoid-7-o-glucuronides. Flavonoid-7-o-glucuronides are phenolic compounds containing a flavonoid moiety which is O-glycosidically linked to glucuronic acid at the C7-position. Luteolin 7-glucuronide is slightly soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). Luteolin 7-glucuronide can be found in a number of food items such as globe artichoke, wild carrot, carrot, and lettuce, which makes luteolin 7-glucuronide a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Luteolin 7-O-glucuronide could inhibit Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP) activities, with IC50s of 17.63, 7.99, 11.42, 12.85, 0.03 μM for MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-13, respectively. Luteolin 7-O-glucuronide could inhibit Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP) activities, with IC50s of 17.63, 7.99, 11.42, 12.85, 0.03 μM for MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-13, respectively.
Fructose
A D-fructopyranose in which the anomeric centre has beta-configuration. Fructose, a member of a group of carbohydrates known as simple sugars, or monosaccharides. Fructose, along with glucose, occurs in fruits, honey, and syrups; it also occurs in certain vegetables. It is a component, along with glucose, of the disaccharide sucrose, or common table sugar. Phosphate derivatives of fructose (e.g., fructose-1-phosphate, fructose-1,6-diphosphate) are important in the metabolism of carbohydrates. D-fructopyranose is a fructopyranose having D-configuration. It has a role as a sweetening agent. It is a fructopyranose, a D-fructose and a cyclic hemiketal. D-Fructose is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). D-Fructose is a natural product found in Gentiana orbicularis, Colchicum schimperi, and other organisms with data available. A monosaccharide in sweet fruits and honey that is soluble in water, alcohol, or ether. It is used as a preservative and an intravenous infusion in parenteral feeding. Fructose is a levorotatory monosaccharide and an isomer of glucose. Although fructose is a hexose (6 carbon sugar), it generally exists as a 5-member hemiketal ring (a furanose). D-Fructose (D(-)-Fructose) is a naturally occurring monosaccharide found in many plants. D-Fructose (D(-)-Fructose) is a naturally occurring monosaccharide found in many plants. Fructose is a simple ketonic monosaccharide found in many plants, where it is often bonded to glucose to form the disaccharide sucrose. Fructose is a simple ketonic monosaccharide found in many plants, where it is often bonded to glucose to form the disaccharide sucrose.
Amyrin
Beta-amyrin is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is oleanane substituted at the 3beta-position by a hydroxy group and containing a double bond between positions 12 and 13. It is one of the most commonly occurring triterpenoids in higher plants. It has a role as a plant metabolite and an Aspergillus metabolite. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a secondary alcohol. It derives from a hydride of an oleanane. beta-Amyrin is a natural product found in Ficus pertusa, Ficus septica, and other organisms with data available. See also: Calendula Officinalis Flower (part of); Viburnum opulus bark (part of); Centaurium erythraea whole (part of). A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is oleanane substituted at the 3beta-position by a hydroxy group and containing a double bond between positions 12 and 13. It is one of the most commonly occurring triterpenoids in higher plants. β-Amyrin, an ingredient of Celastrus hindsii, blocks amyloid β (Aβ)-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) impairment. β-amyrin is a promising candidate of treatment for AD[1]. β-Amyrin, an ingredient of Celastrus hindsii, blocks amyloid β (Aβ)-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) impairment. β-amyrin is a promising candidate of treatment for AD[1].
alpha-Humulene
alpha-Humulene, also known as alpha-caryophyllene, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sesquiterpenoids. These are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units. Thus, alpha-humulene is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. alpha-Humulene is found in allspice. alpha-Humulene is a constituent of many essential oils including hops (Humulus lupulus) and cloves (Syzygium aromaticum). (1E,4E,8E)-alpha-humulene is the (1E,4E,8E)-isomer of alpha-humulene. Humulene is a natural product found in Nepeta nepetella, Teucrium montanum, and other organisms with data available. See also: Caryophyllene (related). α-Humulene is a main constituent of Tanacetum vulgare L. (Asteraceae) essential oil with anti-inflammation (IC50=15±2 μg/mL). α-Humulene inhibits COX-2 and iNOS expression[1]. α-Humulene is a main constituent of Tanacetum vulgare L. (Asteraceae) essential oil with anti-inflammation (IC50=15±2 μg/mL). α-Humulene inhibits COX-2 and iNOS expression[1].
trans-beta-Farnesene
Trans-beta-farnesene is a beta-farnesene in which the double bond at position 6-7 has E configuration. It is the major or sole alarm pheromone in most species of aphid. It has a role as an alarm pheromone and a metabolite. beta-Farnesene is a natural product found in Nepeta nepetella, Eupatorium capillifolium, and other organisms with data available. trans-beta-Farnesene, also known as (E)-β-Farnesene or (E)-7,11-Dimethyl-3-methylenedodeca-1,6,10-triene, is classified as a member of the Sesquiterpenoids. Sesquiterpenoids are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units. trans-beta-Farnesene is a hydrocarbon lipid molecule. (E)-β-Farnesene (trans-β-Farnesene) is a volatile sesquiterpene hydrocarbon which can be found in Phlomis aurea Decne essential oil. (E)-β-Farnesene can be used as a feeding stimulant for the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis[1][2]. (E)-β-Farnesene (trans-β-Farnesene) is a volatile sesquiterpene hydrocarbon which can be found in Phlomis aurea Decne essential oil. (E)-β-Farnesene can be used as a feeding stimulant for the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis[1][2].
beta-Caryophyllene
beta-Caryophyllene, also known as caryophyllene or (−)-β-caryophyllene, is a natural bicyclic sesquiterpene that is a constituent of many essential oils including that of Syzygium aromaticum (cloves), Cannabis sativa, rosemary, and hops. It is usually found as a mixture with isocaryophyllene (the cis double bond isomer) and α-humulene (obsolete name: α-caryophyllene), a ring-opened isomer. beta-Caryophyllene is notable for having both a cyclobutane ring and a trans-double bond in a nine-membered ring, both rarities in nature (Wikipedia). beta-Caryophyllene is a sweet and dry tasting compound that can be found in a number of food items such as allspice, fig, pot marjoram, and roman camomile, which makes beta-caryophyllene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. beta-Caryophyllene can be found in feces and saliva. (-)-Caryophyllene. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=87-44-5 (retrieved 2024-08-07) (CAS RN: 87-44-5). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). β-Caryophyllene is a CB2 receptor agonist. β-Caryophyllene is a CB2 receptor agonist.
beta-Cubebene
Beta-cubebene, also known as (-)-B-cubebene, is a member of the class of compounds known as sesquiterpenoids. Sesquiterpenoids are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units. Beta-cubebene is a citrus and fruity tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as sweet basil, roman camomile, pot marjoram, and sweet bay, which makes beta-cubebene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Beta-cubebene can be found primarily in saliva. Piper cubeba, cubeb or tailed pepper is a plant in genus Piper, cultivated for its fruit and essential oil. It is mostly grown in Java and Sumatra, hence sometimes called Java pepper. The fruits are gathered before they are ripe, and carefully dried. Commercial cubebs consist of the dried berries, similar in appearance to black pepper, but with stalks attached – the "tails" in "tailed pepper". The dried pericarp is wrinkled, and its color ranges from grayish brown to black. The seed is hard, white and oily. The odor of cubebs is described as agreeable and aromatic and the taste as pungent, acrid, slightly bitter and persistent. It has been described as tasting like allspice, or like a cross between allspice and black pepper . beta-Cubebene belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sesquiterpenoids. These are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units.
Germacrene D
Germacrene d, also known as germacrene d, (s-(e,e))-isomer, is a member of the class of compounds known as germacrane sesquiterpenoids. Germacrane sesquiterpenoids are sesquiterpenoids having the germacrane skeleton, with a structure characterized by a cyclodecane ring substituted with an isopropyl and two methyl groups. Germacrene d can be found in a number of food items such as peppermint, roman camomile, hyssop, and common walnut, which makes germacrene d a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
Apigenin
Apigenin 7-glucuronide is a member of flavonoids and a glucosiduronic acid. Apigenin 7-glucuronide is a natural product found in Galeopsis tetrahit, Galeopsis ladanum, and other organisms with data available. Apigenin-7-glucuronide could inhibit Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP) activities, with IC50s of 12.87, 22.39, 17.52, 0.27 μM for MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-13, respectively. Apigenin-7-glucuronide could inhibit Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP) activities, with IC50s of 12.87, 22.39, 17.52, 0.27 μM for MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-13, respectively.
Luteolin
Luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucosiduronic acid is a luteolin glucosiduronic acid consisting of luteolin having a beta-D-glucosiduronic acid residue attached at the 7-position. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a trihydroxyflavone, a glycosyloxyflavone, a monosaccharide derivative and a luteolin O-glucuronoside. It is a conjugate acid of a luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucosiduronate and a luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucosiduronate(2-). Luteolin 7-glucuronide is a natural product found in Galeopsis tetrahit, Galeopsis ladanum, and other organisms with data available. A luteolin glucosiduronic acid consisting of luteolin having a beta-D-glucosiduronic acid residue attached at the 7-position. Luteolin 7-O-glucuronide could inhibit Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP) activities, with IC50s of 17.63, 7.99, 11.42, 12.85, 0.03 μM for MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-13, respectively. Luteolin 7-O-glucuronide could inhibit Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP) activities, with IC50s of 17.63, 7.99, 11.42, 12.85, 0.03 μM for MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-13, respectively.
Luteolin 7-glucuronide
Luteolin 7-O-glucuronide could inhibit Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP) activities, with IC50s of 17.63, 7.99, 11.42, 12.85, 0.03 μM for MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-13, respectively. Luteolin 7-O-glucuronide could inhibit Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP) activities, with IC50s of 17.63, 7.99, 11.42, 12.85, 0.03 μM for MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-13, respectively.
beta-Farnesene
A mixture with 1,3,6,10-Farnesatetraene
(3Z,6E)-alpha-Farnesene
(3Z,6E)-alpha-Farnesene, also known as (Z,E)-alpha-farnesene or cis,trans-alpha-farnesene, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sesquiterpenoids. These are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units. (3Z,6E)-alpha-Farnesene is found in fats and oils. (3Z,6E)-alpha-Farnesene is a constituent of the oil of perilla (Perilla frutescens). (z,e)-alpha-farnesene is a member of the class of compounds known as sesquiterpenoids. Sesquiterpenoids are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units (z,e)-alpha-farnesene can be found in ceylon cinnamon, which makes (z,e)-alpha-farnesene a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
Apigenin 7-glucuronide
Apigenin 7-o-glucuronide is a member of the class of compounds known as flavonoid-7-o-glucuronides. Flavonoid-7-o-glucuronides are phenolic compounds containing a flavonoid moiety which is O-glycosidically linked to glucuronic acid at the C7-position. Apigenin 7-o-glucuronide is slightly soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). Apigenin 7-o-glucuronide can be found in globe artichoke, which makes apigenin 7-o-glucuronide a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Apigenin-7-glucuronide could inhibit Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP) activities, with IC50s of 12.87, 22.39, 17.52, 0.27 μM for MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-13, respectively. Apigenin-7-glucuronide could inhibit Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP) activities, with IC50s of 12.87, 22.39, 17.52, 0.27 μM for MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-13, respectively.
alpha-Caryophyllene
α-Humulene is a main constituent of Tanacetum vulgare L. (Asteraceae) essential oil with anti-inflammation (IC50=15±2 μg/mL). α-Humulene inhibits COX-2 and iNOS expression[1]. α-Humulene is a main constituent of Tanacetum vulgare L. (Asteraceae) essential oil with anti-inflammation (IC50=15±2 μg/mL). α-Humulene inhibits COX-2 and iNOS expression[1].
D-Mannitol
Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic that is metabolically inert in humans and occurs naturally, as a sugar or sugar alcohol, in fruits and vegetables. Mannitol elevates blood plasma osmolality, resulting in enhanced flow of water from tissues, including the brain and cerebrospinal fluid, into interstitial fluid and plasma. As a result, cerebral edema, elevated intracranial pressure, and cerebrospinal fluid volume and pressure may be reduced. Mannitol may also be used for the promotion of diuresis before irreversible renal failure becomes established; the promotion of urinary excretion of toxic substances; as an Antiglaucoma agent; and as a renal function diagnostic aid. On October 30, 2020, mannitol was approved by the FDA as add-on maintenance therapy for the control of pulmonary symptoms associated with cystic fibrosis in adult patients and is currently marketed for this indication under the name BRONCHITOL® by Chiesi USA Inc. Mannitol, a type of sugar alcohol, serves several important biological functions: Osmotic Diuretic: Mannitol is used medically as an osmotic diuretic to reduce intracranial and intraocular pressure. By increasing urine production, it helps to draw excess fluid from the brain and eyes, which is beneficial in conditions like cerebral edema and glaucoma. Sweetener and Sugar Substitute: In the food industry, mannitol is used as a sweetener and sugar substitute. It provides sweetness without contributing to tooth decay and is often used in products for diabetics because it has a minimal impact on blood sugar levels. Preservative: Mannitol’s hygroscopic properties make it useful as a preservative in various products, including pharmaceuticals and foods, to prevent moisture absorption and maintain product stability. Laxative: In high concentrations, mannitol can act as a laxative due to its osmotic effect in the intestine, drawing water into the bowel and stimulating bowel movements. Tissue Protectant: In cryopreservation, mannitol is used to protect tissues from damage caused by freezing and thawing processes. Cell Culture Medium Component: Mannitol is often included in cell culture media to maintain osmotic balance and provide a stable environment for cell growth. Pharmaceutical Excipient: It is used as an excipient in the pharmaceutical industry, helping to enhance the stability and bioavailability of drugs. Mannitol. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=69-65-8 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 69-65-8). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). DL-Mannitol is obtained by combining D-mannitol with a sample of Lmannitol obtained by reduction of L-mannono-1, Clactone[1]. DL-Mannitol is obtained by combining D-mannitol with a sample of Lmannitol obtained by reduction of L-mannono-1, Clactone[1]. D-Mannitol (Mannitol) is an oral, resistant sugar widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries to promote the absorption and retention of calcium and magnesium through cecal fermentation, while acting as a osmotic diuretic to reduce tissue edema. D-Mannitol can enhance brown fat formation, improve insulin effect, reduce blood sugar levels, And through the start the β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR), PGC1α and PKA induced by means of white fat cells into brown fat cells[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. D-Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic with weak renal vasodilatory activity. D-Mannitol (Mannitol) is an oral, resistant sugar widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries to promote the absorption and retention of calcium and magnesium through cecal fermentation, while acting as a osmotic diuretic to reduce tissue edema. D-Mannitol can enhance brown fat formation, improve insulin effect, reduce blood sugar levels, And through the start the β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR), PGC1α and PKA induced by means of white fat cells into brown fat cells[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. D-Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic with weak renal vasodilatory activity.
Betaine
Betaine or trimethylglycine is a methylated derivative of glycine. It functions as a methyl donor in that it carries and donates methyl functional groups to facilitate necessary chemical processes. The donation of methyl groups is important to proper liver function, cellular replication, and detoxification reactions. Betaine also plays a role in the manufacture of carnitine and serves to protect the kidneys from damage. Betaine has also been of interest for its role in osmoregulation. As a drug, betaine hydrochloride has been used as a source of hydrochloric acid in the treatment of hypochlorhydria. Betaine has also been used in the treatment of liver disorders, for hyperkalemia, for homocystinuria, and for gastrointestinal disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th Ed, p1341). Betaine is found in many foods, some of which are potato puffs, poppy, hazelnut, and garden cress. Betaine. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=107-43-7 (retrieved 2024-06-28) (CAS RN: 107-43-7). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Acacetin
5,7-dihydroxy-4-methoxyflavone is a monomethoxyflavone that is the 4-methyl ether derivative of apigenin. It has a role as an anticonvulsant and a plant metabolite. It is a dihydroxyflavone and a monomethoxyflavone. It is functionally related to an apigenin. It is a conjugate acid of a 5-hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-4H-chromen-7-olate. Acacetin is a natural product found in Verbascum lychnitis, Odontites viscosus, and other organisms with data available. A monomethoxyflavone that is the 4-methyl ether derivative of apigenin. 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4h-chromen-4-one, also known as 4-methoxy-5,7-dihydroxyflavone or acacetin, is a member of the class of compounds known as 4-o-methylated flavonoids. 4-o-methylated flavonoids are flavonoids with methoxy groups attached to the C4 atom of the flavonoid backbone. Thus, 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4h-chromen-4-one is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule. 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4h-chromen-4-one is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4h-chromen-4-one can be synthesized from apigenin. 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4h-chromen-4-one is also a parent compound for other transformation products, including but not limited to, acacetin-7-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside, acacetin-8-C-neohesperidoside, and isoginkgetin. 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4h-chromen-4-one can be found in ginkgo nuts, orange mint, and winter savory, which makes 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4h-chromen-4-one a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Annotation level-1 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.223 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.225 Acacetin (5,7-Dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone) is an orally active flavonoid derived from Dendranthema morifolium. Acacetin docks in the ATP binding pocket of PI3Kγ. Acacetin causes cell cycle arrest and induces apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells. Acacetin has potent anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activity and has the potential for pain-related diseases research[1][2]. Acacetin (5,7-Dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone) is an orally active flavonoid derived from Dendranthema morifolium. Acacetin docks in the ATP binding pocket of PI3Kγ. Acacetin causes cell cycle arrest and induces apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells. Acacetin has potent anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activity and has the potential for pain-related diseases research[1][2].
Germacrene D
(-)-germacrene D is a germacrene D. It is an enantiomer of a (+)-germacrene D. (-)-Germacrene D is a natural product found in Teucrium montanum, Stachys obliqua, and other organisms with data available. See also: Clary Sage Oil (part of).
Luteolin 7-O-glucoside
Scopoletin
relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.636 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.637 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.629 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.631 IPB_RECORD: 1582; CONFIDENCE confident structure Scopoletin is an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Scopoletin is an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE).
Adenosine
C10H13N5O4 (267.09674980000005)
COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank, COVID-19 Disease Map, clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D058905 - Purinergic Agents > D058913 - Purinergic Agonists D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Formula(Parent): C10H13N5O4; Bottle Name:Adenosine; PRIME Parent Name:Adenosine; PRIME in-house No.:0040 R0018, Purines MS2 deconvoluted using MS2Dec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; OIRDTQYFTABQOQ_STSL_0143_Adenosine_0500fmol_180430_S2_LC02_MS02_33; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. MS2 deconvoluted using CorrDec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.113 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.109 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.097 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.096 Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported by the Max-Planck-Society IPB_RECORD: 2621; CONFIDENCE confident structure Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation[1][2]. Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation[1][2]. Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation[1][2].
Sucrose
C12H22O11 (342.11620619999997)
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Luteolin 7-O-glucuronide
Luteolin 7-O-glucuronide could inhibit Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP) activities, with IC50s of 17.63, 7.99, 11.42, 12.85, 0.03 μM for MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-13, respectively. Luteolin 7-O-glucuronide could inhibit Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP) activities, with IC50s of 17.63, 7.99, 11.42, 12.85, 0.03 μM for MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-13, respectively.
caryophyllene
A beta-caryophyllene in which the stereocentre adjacent to the exocyclic double bond has S configuration while the remaining stereocentre has R configuration. It is the most commonly occurring form of beta-caryophyllene, occurring in many essential oils, particularly oil of cloves. D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents β-Caryophyllene is a CB2 receptor agonist. β-Caryophyllene is a CB2 receptor agonist.
beta-Cubebene
A tricyclic sesquiterpene, a constituent of the leaf oil cubebene obtained from a variety of species of flowering plant.
cosmetin
Apigenin-7-glucoside (Apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside) exhibits significant anti-proliferative and antioxidant activity and scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS)[1][2]. Apigenin-7-glucoside (Apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside) exhibits significant anti-proliferative and antioxidant activity and scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS)[1][2].
cinaroside
Cynaroside (Luteolin 7-glucoside) is a flavonoid compound that exhibits anti-oxidative capabilities. Cynaroside is also a potent influenza RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor with an IC50 of 32 nM. Cynaroside also is a promising inhibitor for H2O2-induced apoptosis, has cytoprotection against oxidative stress-induced cardiovascular diseases. Cynaroside also has antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer activities, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities[1][3][4][5].
Humulene
α-Humulene is a main constituent of Tanacetum vulgare L. (Asteraceae) essential oil with anti-inflammation (IC50=15±2 μg/mL). α-Humulene inhibits COX-2 and iNOS expression[1]. α-Humulene is a main constituent of Tanacetum vulgare L. (Asteraceae) essential oil with anti-inflammation (IC50=15±2 μg/mL). α-Humulene inhibits COX-2 and iNOS expression[1].
Fructon
D000074385 - Food Ingredients > D005503 - Food Additives D010592 - Pharmaceutic Aids > D005421 - Flavoring Agents D-Fructose (D(-)-Fructose) is a naturally occurring monosaccharide found in many plants. D-Fructose (D(-)-Fructose) is a naturally occurring monosaccharide found in many plants.
Farnesene
Isol. (without stereochemical distinction) from oil of Cymbopogon nardus (citronella), Cananga odorata (ylang ylang) and others (E)-β-Farnesene (trans-β-Farnesene) is a volatile sesquiterpene hydrocarbon which can be found in Phlomis aurea Decne essential oil. (E)-β-Farnesene can be used as a feeding stimulant for the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis[1][2]. (E)-β-Farnesene (trans-β-Farnesene) is a volatile sesquiterpene hydrocarbon which can be found in Phlomis aurea Decne essential oil. (E)-β-Farnesene can be used as a feeding stimulant for the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis[1][2].
sugar
C12H22O11 (342.11620619999997)
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Trimethylglycine
Glycine betaine is the amino acid betaine derived from glycine. It has a role as a fundamental metabolite. It is an amino-acid betaine and a glycine derivative. It is a conjugate base of a N,N,N-trimethylglycinium. Betaine is a methyl group donor that functions in the normal metabolic cycle of methionine. It is a naturally occurring choline derivative commonly ingested through diet, with a role in regulating cellular hydration and maintaining cell function. Homocystinuria is an inherited disorder that leads to the accumulation of homocysteine in plasma and urine. Currently, no treatments are available to correct the genetic causes of homocystinuria. However, in order to normalize homocysteine levels, patients can be treated with vitamin B6 ([pyridoxine]), vitamin B12 ([cobalamin]), [folate] and specific diets. Betaine reduces plasma homocysteine levels in patients with homocystinuria. Although it is present in many food products, the levels found there are insufficient to treat this condition. The FDA and EMA have approved the product Cystadane (betaine anhydrous, oral solution) for the treatment of homocystinuria, and the EMA has approved the use of Amversio (betaine anhydrous, oral powder). Betaine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Betaine is a Methylating Agent. The mechanism of action of betaine is as a Methylating Activity. Betaine is a modified amino acid consisting of glycine with three methyl groups that serves as a methyl donor in several metabolic pathways and is used to treat the rare genetic causes of homocystinuria. Betaine has had only limited clinical use, but has not been linked to instances of serum enzyme elevations during therapy or to clinically apparent liver injury. Betaine is a natural product found in Hypoestes phyllostachya, Barleria lupulina, and other organisms with data available. Betaine is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A naturally occurring compound that has been of interest for its role in osmoregulation. As a drug, betaine hydrochloride has been used as a source of hydrochloric acid in the treatment of hypochlorhydria. Betaine has also been used in the treatment of liver disorders, for hyperkalemia, for homocystinuria, and for gastrointestinal disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1341) See also: Arnica montana Flower (part of); Betaine; panthenol (component of); Betaine; scutellaria baicalensis root (component of) ... View More ... A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A16 - Other alimentary tract and metabolism products > A16A - Other alimentary tract and metabolism products > A16AA - Amino acids and derivatives D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents > D008082 - Lipotropic Agents The amino acid betaine derived from glycine. D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents