NCBI Taxonomy: 28216
Betaproteobacteria (ncbi_taxid: 28216)
found 62 associated metabolites at class taxonomy rank level.
Ancestor: Pseudomonadota
Child Taxonomies: Ferrovales, Nitrosomonadales, Neisseriales, Rhodocyclales, Burkholderiales, Ferritrophicales, Procabacteriales, environmental samples, unclassified Betaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria incertae sedis
Biotin
Biotin (also known as vitamin B7 or vitamin H) is one of the B vitamins.[1][2][3] It is involved in a wide range of metabolic processes, both in humans and in other organisms, primarily related to the utilization of fats, carbohydrates, and amino acids.[4] The name biotin, borrowed from the German Biotin, derives from the Ancient Greek word βίοτος (bíotos; 'life') and the suffix "-in" (a suffix used in chemistry usually to indicate 'forming').[5] Biotin appears as a white, needle-like crystalline solid.[6] Biotin is an organic heterobicyclic compound that consists of 2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazole having a valeric acid substituent attached to the tetrahydrothiophene ring. The parent of the class of biotins. It has a role as a prosthetic group, a coenzyme, a nutraceutical, a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a mouse metabolite, a cofactor and a fundamental metabolite. It is a member of biotins and a vitamin B7. It is a conjugate acid of a biotinate. A water-soluble, enzyme co-factor present in minute amounts in every living cell. It occurs mainly bound to proteins or polypeptides and is abundant in liver, kidney, pancreas, yeast, and milk. Biotin is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Biotin is a natural product found in Lysinibacillus sphaericus, Aspergillus nidulans, and other organisms with data available. Biotin is hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno(3,4-d)imidazole-4-pentanoic acid. Growth factor present in minute amounts in every living cell. It occurs mainly bound to proteins or polypeptides and is abundant in liver, kidney, pancreas, yeast, and milk. The biotin content of cancerous tissue is higher than that of normal tissue. Biotin is an enzyme co-factor present in minute amounts in every living cell. Biotin is also known as vitamin H or B7 or coenzyme R. It occurs mainly bound to proteins or polypeptides and is abundant in liver, kidney, pancreas, yeast, and milk. Biotin has been recognized as an essential nutrient. Our biotin requirement is fulfilled in part through diet, through endogenous reutilization of biotin and perhaps through capture of biotin generated in the intestinal flora. The utilization of biotin for covalent attachment to carboxylases and its reutilization through the release of carboxylase biotin after proteolytic degradation constitutes the biotin cycle. Biotin deficiency is associated with neurological manifestations, skin rash, hair loss and metabolic disturbances that are thought to relate to the various carboxylase deficiencies (metabolic ketoacidosis with lactic acidosis). It has also been suggested that biotin deficiency is associated with protein malnutrition, and that marginal biotin deficiency in pregnant women may be teratogenic. Biotin acts as a carboxyl carrier in carboxylation reactions. There are four biotin-dependent carboxylases in mammals: those of propionyl-CoA (PCC), 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA (MCC), pyruvate (PC) and acetyl-CoA carboxylases (isoforms ACC-1 and ACC-2). All but ACC-2 are mitochondrial enzymes. The biotin moiety is covalently bound to the epsilon amino group of a Lysine residue in each of these carboxylases in a domain 60-80 amino acids long. The domain is structurally similar among carboxylases from bacteria to mammals. There are four biotin-dependent carboxylases in mammals: those of propionyl-CoA (PCC), 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA (MCC), pyruvate (PC) and acetyl-CoA carboxylases (isoforms ACC-1 and ACC-2). All but ACC-2 are mitochondrial enzymes. The biotin moiety is covalently bound to the epsilon amino group of a Lys residue in each of these carboxylases in a domain 60-80 amino acids long. The domain is structurally similar among carboxylases from bacteria to mammals. Evidence is emerging that biotin participates in processes other than classical carboxylation reactions. Specifically, novel roles for biotin in cell signaling, gene expression, and chromatin structure have been identified in recent years. Human cells accumulate biotin by using both the sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter and monocarboxylate transporter 1. These transporters and other biotin-binding proteins partition biotin to compartments involved in biotin signaling: cytoplasm, mitochondria, and nuclei. The activity of cell signals such as biotinyl-AMP, Sp1 and Sp3, nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB, and receptor tyrosine kinases depends on biotin supply. Consistent with a role for biotin and its catabolites in ... Biotin is an enzyme co-factor present in minute amounts in every living cell. Biotin is also known as coenzyme R and vitamin H or B7. It occurs mainly bound to proteins or polypeptides and is abundant in liver, kidney, pancreas, yeast, and milk. Biotin has been recognized as an essential nutrient. Humans fulfill their biotin requirement through their diet through endogenous reutilization of biotin and perhaps through the capture of biotin generated in the intestinal flora. The utilization of biotin for covalent attachment to carboxylases and its reutilization through the release of carboxylase biotin after proteolytic degradation constitutes the biotin cycle. Biotin deficiency is associated with neurological manifestations, skin rash, hair loss, and metabolic disturbances that are thought to relate to the various carboxylase deficiencies (metabolic ketoacidosis with lactic acidosis). It has also been suggested that biotin deficiency is associated with protein malnutrition, and that marginal biotin deficiency in pregnant women may be teratogenic. Biotin acts as a carboxyl carrier in carboxylation reactions. There are four biotin-dependent carboxylases in mammals: those of propionyl-CoA (PCC), 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA (MCC), pyruvate (PC), and acetyl-CoA carboxylases (isoforms ACC-1 and ACC-2). All but ACC-2 are mitochondrial enzymes. The biotin moiety is covalently bound to the epsilon amino group of a lysine residue in each of these carboxylases in a domain 60-80 amino acids long. The domain is structurally similar among carboxylases from bacteria to mammals. Evidence is emerging that biotin participates in processes other than classical carboxylation reactions. Specifically, novel roles for biotin in cell signalling, gene expression, and chromatin structure have been identified in recent years. Human cells accumulate biotin by using both the sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter and monocarboxylate transporter 1. These transporters and other biotin-binding proteins partition biotin to compartments involved in biotin signalling: cytoplasm, mitochondria, and nuclei. The activity of cell signals such as biotinyl-AMP, Sp1 and Sp3, nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB, and receptor tyrosine kinases depends on biotin supply. Consistent with a role for biotin and its catabolites in modulating these cell signals, greater than 2000 biotin-dependent genes have been identified in various human tissues. Many biotin-dependent gene products play roles in signal transduction and localize to the cell nucleus, consistent with a role for biotin in cell signalling. Posttranscriptional events related to ribosomal activity and protein folding may further contribute to the effects of biotin on gene expression. Finally, research has shown that biotinidase and holocarboxylase synthetase mediate covalent binding of biotin to histones (DNA-binding proteins), affecting chromatin structure; at least seven biotinylation sites have been identified in human histones. Biotinylation of histones appears to play a role in cell proliferation, gene silencing, and the cellular response to DNA repair. Roles for biotin in cell signalling and chromatin structure are consistent with the notion that biotin has a unique significance in cell biology (PMID: 15992684, 16011464). Present in many foods; particularly rich sources include yeast, eggs, liver, certain fish (e.g. mackerel, salmon, sardines), soybeans, cauliflower and cow peas. Dietary supplement. Isolated from various higher plant sources, e.g. sweet corn seedlings and radish leaves An organic heterobicyclic compound that consists of 2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazole having a valeric acid substituent attached to the tetrahydrothiophene ring. The parent of the class of biotins. [Raw Data] CB004_Biotin_pos_50eV_CB000006.txt [Raw Data] CB004_Biotin_pos_30eV_CB000006.txt [Raw Data] CB004_Biotin_pos_40eV_CB000006.txt [Raw Data] CB004_Biotin_pos_20eV_CB000006.txt [Raw Data] CB004_Biotin_pos_10eV_CB000006.txt [Raw Data] CB004_Biotin_neg_10eV_000006.txt [Raw Data] CB004_Biotin_neg_20eV_000006.txt Biosynthesis Biotin, synthesized in plants, is essential to plant growth and development.[22] Bacteria also synthesize biotin,[23] and it is thought that bacteria resident in the large intestine may synthesize biotin that is absorbed and utilized by the host organism.[18] Biosynthesis starts from two precursors, alanine and pimeloyl-CoA. These form 7-keto-8-aminopelargonic acid (KAPA). KAPA is transported from plant peroxisomes to mitochondria where it is converted to 7,8-diaminopelargonic acid (DAPA) with the help of the enzyme, BioA. The enzyme dethiobiotin synthetase catalyzes the formation of the ureido ring via a DAPA carbamate activated with ATP, creating dethiobiotin with the help of the enzyme, BioD, which is then converted into biotin which is catalyzed by BioB.[24] The last step is catalyzed by biotin synthase, a radical SAM enzyme. The sulfur is donated by an unusual [2Fe-2S] ferredoxin.[25] Depending on the species of bacteria, Biotin can be synthesized via multiple pathways.[24] Biotin (Vitamin B7) is a water-soluble B vitamin and serves as a coenzyme for five carboxylases in humans, involved in the synthesis of fatty acids, isoleucine, and valine, and in gluconeogenesis. Biotin is necessary for cell growth, the production of fatty acids, and the metabolism of fats and amino acids[1][2][3]. Biotin, vitamin B7 and serves as a coenzyme for five carboxylases in humans, involved in the synthesis of fatty acids, isoleucine, and valine, and in gluconeogenesis. Biotin is necessary for cell growth, the production of fatty acids, and the metabolism of fats and amino acids[1][2][3]. Biotin (Vitamin B7) is a water-soluble B vitamin and serves as a coenzyme for five carboxylases in humans, involved in the synthesis of fatty acids, isoleucine, and valine, and in gluconeogenesis. Biotin is necessary for cell growth, the production of fatty acids, and the metabolism of fats and amino acids[1][2][3].
Neurosporene
Neurosporene, also known as all-trans-neurosporene or 7,8-dihydro-ψ,ψ-carotene, is a member of the class of compounds known as carotenes. Carotenes are a type of unsaturated hydrocarbons containing eight consecutive isoprene units. They are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Carotenes belonging form a subgroup of the carotenoids family. Thus, neurosporene is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Neurosporene can be found in a number of food items such as chicory, poppy, silver linden, and towel gourd, which makes neurosporene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Neurosporene can be found primarily in blood and breast milk. Neurosporene is a carotenoid pigment. It is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of lycopene and a variety of bacterial carotenoids . Neurosporene is a triterpenoid carotenoid identified in human plasma, (PMID: 1416048), serum (PMID: 1416048), milk (PMID: 9164160), and tissues of the human eye (PMID: 11180970). D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids
Propylparaben
Propyl-4-hydroxybenzoate appears as colorless crystals or white powder or chunky white solid. Melting point 95-98 °C. Odorless or faint aromatic odor. Low toxicity, Tasteless (numbs the tongue). pH: 6.5-7.0 (slightly acidic) in solution. Propylparaben is the benzoate ester that is the propyl ester of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. Preservative typically found in many water-based cosmetics, such as creams, lotions, shampoos and bath products. Also used as a food additive. It has a role as an antifungal agent and an antimicrobial agent. It is a benzoate ester, a member of phenols and a paraben. It is functionally related to a propan-1-ol and a 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. Propylparaben is used in allergenic testing. Propylparaben is a Standardized Chemical Allergen. The physiologic effect of propylparaben is by means of Increased Histamine Release, and Cell-mediated Immunity. Propylparaben is a natural product found in Microtropis fokienensis, Soymida febrifuga, and other organisms with data available. Propylparaben is an antimicrobial agent, preservative, flavouring agent. Propylparaben belongs to the family of Hydroxybenzoic Acid Derivatives. These are compounds containing an hydroxybenzoic acid (or a derivative), which is a benzene ring bearing a carboxylic acid. Propylparaben, also known as propyl chemosept or propyl parasept, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as p-hydroxybenzoic acid alkyl esters. These are aromatic compounds containing a benzoic acid, which is esterified with an alkyl group and para-substituted with a hydroxyl group. Propylparaben is a sweet, burnt, and hawthorn tasting compound. Propylparaben is a potentially toxic compound. Propylparaben is an antimicrobial agent, preservative, flavouring agent. D010592 - Pharmaceutic Aids > D011310 - Preservatives, Pharmaceutical > D010226 - Parabens Antimicrobial agent, preservative, flavouring agent Propylparaben (Propyl parahydroxybenzoate) is an antimicrobial preservative which can be produced naturally by plants and bacteria. Propylparaben is prevalently used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and foods. Propylparaben disrupts antral follicle growth and steroidogenic function by altering the cell-cycle, apoptosis, and steroidogenesis pathways. Propylparaben also decreases sperm number and motile activity in rats[1][2][3]. Propylparaben (Propyl parahydroxybenzoate) is an antimicrobial preservative which can be produced naturally by plants and bacteria. Propylparaben is prevalently used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and foods. Propylparaben disrupts antral follicle growth and steroidogenic function by altering the cell-cycle, apoptosis, and steroidogenesis pathways. Propylparaben also decreases sperm number and motile activity in rats[1][2][3].
2-Decaprenyl-6-methoxyphenol
2-decaprenyl-6-methoxyphenol, also known as 2-methoxy-6-(all-trans-decaprenyl)phenol, is a member of the class of compounds known as polyprenylphenols. Polyprenylphenols are compounds containing a polyisoprene chain attached to a phenol group. 2-decaprenyl-6-methoxyphenol is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 2-decaprenyl-6-methoxyphenol can be found in a number of food items such as mentha (mint), sparkleberry, catjang pea, and vanilla, which makes 2-decaprenyl-6-methoxyphenol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. This compound belongs to the family of Polyprenylphenols. These are compounds containing a polyisoprene chain attached to a phenol group.
Phytofluene
Phytofluene is a carotenoid pigment with an orange colour found naturally in tomatoes and other vegetables. It is the second product of carotenoid biosynthesis (Wikipedia).
y,y-Carotene, 7,7',8,8',11,12-hexahydro-, cis-(9CI)
zeta-Carotene
D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids Window width to select the precursor ion was 3 Da.; CONE_VOLTAGE is 10 V.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 19HP8024 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan. Window width to select the precursor ion was 3 Da.; CONE_VOLTAGE is 5 V.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 19HP8024 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan.
phytofluene
D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids Phytofluene is a carotenoid pigment with an orange color found naturally in tomatoes and other vegetables. It is the second product of carotenoid biosynthesis. It is formed from phytoene in a desaturation reaction leading to the formation of five conjugated double bonds. In the following step, addition of carbon-carbon conjugated double bonds leads to the formation of z-carotene and appearance of visible color.; Phytofluene is a carotenoid pigment with an orange color found naturally in tomatoes and other vegetables. It is the second product of carotenoid biosynthesis. Phytofluene is found in many foods, some of which are bitter gourd, yellow bell pepper, caraway, and pepper (c. annuum).
Biotin
C10H16N2O3S (244.08815859999999)
A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A11 - Vitamins D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1328; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 2876; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 2873 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1328; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 2877; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 2875 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1328; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 2896; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 2894 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1328; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 2875; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 2872 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1328; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 2894; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 2891 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1328; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 2908; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 2906 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1328; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 6231; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 6229 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1328; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 6248; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 6246 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1328; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 6251; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 6246 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1328; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 6253; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 6251 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1328; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 6265; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 6263 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1328; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 6256; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 6253 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 219 INTERNAL_ID 219; CONFIDENCE standard compound relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.474 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.471 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.469 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.470 Biotin (Vitamin B7) is a water-soluble B vitamin and serves as a coenzyme for five carboxylases in humans, involved in the synthesis of fatty acids, isoleucine, and valine, and in gluconeogenesis. Biotin is necessary for cell growth, the production of fatty acids, and the metabolism of fats and amino acids[1][2][3]. Biotin, vitamin B7 and serves as a coenzyme for five carboxylases in humans, involved in the synthesis of fatty acids, isoleucine, and valine, and in gluconeogenesis. Biotin is necessary for cell growth, the production of fatty acids, and the metabolism of fats and amino acids[1][2][3]. Biotin (Vitamin B7) is a water-soluble B vitamin and serves as a coenzyme for five carboxylases in humans, involved in the synthesis of fatty acids, isoleucine, and valine, and in gluconeogenesis. Biotin is necessary for cell growth, the production of fatty acids, and the metabolism of fats and amino acids[1][2][3].
Propylparaben
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 989; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX501; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4056; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4053 D010592 - Pharmaceutic Aids > D011310 - Preservatives, Pharmaceutical > D010226 - Parabens CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 989; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4153; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4151 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 989; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4142; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4139 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 989; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3966; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3964 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 989; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX502; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3985; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3983 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 989; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4151; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4148 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2372 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8646 Propylparaben (Propyl parahydroxybenzoate) is an antimicrobial preservative which can be produced naturally by plants and bacteria. Propylparaben is prevalently used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and foods. Propylparaben disrupts antral follicle growth and steroidogenic function by altering the cell-cycle, apoptosis, and steroidogenesis pathways. Propylparaben also decreases sperm number and motile activity in rats[1][2][3]. Propylparaben (Propyl parahydroxybenzoate) is an antimicrobial preservative which can be produced naturally by plants and bacteria. Propylparaben is prevalently used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and foods. Propylparaben disrupts antral follicle growth and steroidogenic function by altering the cell-cycle, apoptosis, and steroidogenesis pathways. Propylparaben also decreases sperm number and motile activity in rats[1][2][3].
Neurosporene
D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids
2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-octamethyldotriaconta-2,6,10,12,14,16,18,22,26,30-decaene
(15e)-5,8,18,21-tetrahydroxy-6-isopropyl-20-[2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl]-2-oxa-11,12-dithia-7,19,22-triazabicyclo[7.7.6]docosa-7,15,18,21-tetraen-3-one
C22H35N3O6S3 (533.1687890000001)
(15e)-5,8,18,21-tetrahydroxy-20-[2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl]-6-(sec-butyl)-2-oxa-11,12-dithia-7,19,22-triazabicyclo[7.7.6]docosa-7,15,18,21-tetraen-3-one
(2s,3s,13z)-3-amino-2-hydroxy-n-[(1s,2r)-2-hydroxy-1-{[(1s,2s)-2-hydroxy-1-{[(1s)-2-hydroxy-1-{[(1s)-3-hydroxy-1-[({[(7r,16s,19r)-6,9,12,15,18-pentahydroxy-16-isopropyl-7-methyl-13-methylidene-2-oxo-1-oxa-5,8,11,14,17-pentaazacyclohenicosa-5,8,11,14,17-pentaen-19-yl]-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}methyl)-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl]propyl]-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}ethyl]-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}propyl]icos-13-enimidic acid
5,8,18,21-tetrahydroxy-20-[2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl]-6-(sec-butyl)-2-oxa-11,12-dithia-7,19,22-triazabicyclo[7.7.6]docosa-7,15,18,21-tetraen-3-one
(6e,8e,10e,12e,14e,16e,18e,20e,22e,24e,26e)-2,31-dimethoxy-2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-octamethyldotriaconta-4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,28-tridecaene
2-hydroxy-3-{[3-(n-hydroxyacetamido)propyl]-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}-2-({[3-(n-hydroxyacetamido)propyl]-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}methyl)propanoic acid
C16H28N4O9 (420.18561980000004)
(2s)-2-[(2s)-2-[(1-hydroxyethylidene)amino]-n,4-dimethylpentanamido]-n-[(1e)-2-(1h-indol-3-yl)ethenyl]-3-phenylpropanimidic acid
C28H34N4O3 (474.26307740000004)
[(1r,2s,4s,7e,10r,12r,13r,14e,16r)-2,12-dihydroxy-4-[(2s,3r,4e,6e,8z)-3-methoxy-4,8-dimethyl-9-(2-methyl-1,3-oxazol-4-yl)nona-4,6,8-trien-2-yl]-1,13-dimethyl-6-oxo-5,17-dioxabicyclo[14.1.0]heptadeca-7,14-dien-10-yl]acetic acid
2,31-dimethoxy-2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-octamethyldotriaconta-6,8,10,12,16,18,22,26-octaene
2-[15-(2-aminoethyl)-25-{2,3-dihydroxy-4-[(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxy]pentadecyl}-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23-octahydroxy-18-[hydroxy(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-3-(c-hydroxycarbonimidoylmethyl)-6,21-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,4,7,10,13,16,19,22-octaazacyclopentacosa-1,4,7,10,13,16,19,22-octaen-9-yl]ethanimidic acid
(2s)-2-[(3s,6s,9s,15r,18r,21r,25r)-25-[(2r,3r,4s)-2,3-dihydroxy-4-{[(2s,3r,4s,5r)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy}pentadecyl]-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23-octahydroxy-18-[(r)-hydroxy(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-9,15-bis(c-hydroxycarbonimidoylmethyl)-6,21-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,4,7,10,13,16,19,22-octaazacyclopentacosa-1,4,7,10,13,16,19,22-octaen-3-yl]-2-hydroxyethanimidic acid
C52H83N11O23 (1229.5663008000001)
(2s,3s)-3-amino-n-[(1s,2r)-1-{[(1s,2s)-1-{[(1s)-1-{[(1s)-1-[({[(16s,19r)-16-[(2r)-butan-2-yl]-6,9,12,15,18-pentahydroxy-7-methyl-13-methylidene-2-oxo-1-oxa-5,8,11,14,17-pentaazacyclohenicosa-5,8,11,14,17-pentaen-19-yl]-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}methyl)-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl]-3-hydroxypropyl]-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}-2-hydroxyethyl]-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}-2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}-2-hydroxypropyl]-2-hydroxyoctadecanimidic acid
2-[(2r,5r,8r,14s,17s,20s,23r)-23-[(2r,3r,4s)-2,3-dihydroxy-4-{[(2s,3r,4s,5r)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy}pentadecyl]-3,6,9,12,15,18,21,25-octahydroxy-5-[(r)-hydroxy(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-14,20-bis(c-hydroxycarbonimidoylmethyl)-2,17-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,4,7,10,13,16,19,22-octaazacyclopentacosa-1(25),3,6,9,12,15,18,21-octaen-8-yl]ethanimidic acid
(2e)-3-[(1e,3s,5e,9e,11z,14r,15z)-14-methoxy-3,15,18-trimethylnonadeca-1,5,9,11,15,17-hexaen-1-yl]pent-2-enedioic acid
(2s,3s)-3-amino-2-hydroxy-n-[(1s,2r)-2-hydroxy-1-{[(1s,2s)-2-hydroxy-1-{[(1s)-2-hydroxy-1-{[(1s)-3-hydroxy-1-[({[(16s,19r)-6,9,12,15,18-pentahydroxy-16-isopropyl-7-methyl-13-methylidene-2-oxo-1-oxa-5,8,11,14,17-pentaazacyclohenicosa-5,8,11,14,17-pentaen-19-yl]-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}methyl)-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl]propyl]-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}ethyl]-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}propyl]octadecanimidic acid
6-(5-{[4-(acetyloxy)-1-hydroxypent-2-en-1-ylidene]amino}-3,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl)-4-methylhexa-2,4-dienoic acid
(2r,5s)-5-amino-8-carbamimidamido-2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-4-oxooctanoic acid
2-[(3s,6s,9s,15r,18r,21r,25r)-15-(2-aminoethyl)-25-[(2r,3r,4s)-2,3-dihydroxy-4-{[(2r,3r,4s,5r)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy}pentadecyl]-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23-octahydroxy-18-[(r)-hydroxy(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-3-(c-hydroxycarbonimidoylmethyl)-6,21-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,4,7,10,13,16,19,22-octaazacyclopentacosa-1,4,7,10,13,16,19,22-octaen-9-yl]ethanimidic acid
9-[2-(but-2-en-2-yl)-5-hydroxy-1,3,6-trimethyl-4a,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2h-naphthalen-1-yl]nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid
methyl 2-[(2s,7z,10r,13r,14z,16r)-2,12-dihydroxy-4-[(2r,3r,4e,6e,8e)-3-hydroxy-4,8-dimethyl-9-(2-methyl-1,3-oxazol-4-yl)nona-4,6,8-trien-2-yl]-1,13-dimethyl-6-oxo-5,17-dioxabicyclo[14.1.0]heptadeca-7,14-dien-10-yl]acetate
(8e,10e,14e,16r,17r)-6-hydroxy-4,14,16-trimethyl-17-[(2s,4r,8s,10z,12e,15s,16s,18r,19s,20r)-4,16,18,20-tetrahydroxy-8-methoxy-15,19-dimethyl-22-oxo-1-oxacyclodocosa-10,12-dien-2-yl]octadeca-8,10,14-trienoic acid
(2r,3s,4s,5r,6r)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-{[(1r,4s,5s,6r)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohex-2-en-1-yl]oxy}oxane-3,4,5-triol
5-{2,5-dihydroxy-3h-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-6-yl}-6-hydroxypyridine-2,3-dione
3-{5-hydroxy-4-[(3e)-2-hydroxyindol-3-ylidene]pyrrol-2-yl}-1h-indol-5-ol
C20H13N3O3 (343.09568680000007)
(6e,10e,14e,16e,18e,20e,22e,24e,26e,28e)-31-methoxy-2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-octamethyldotriaconta-2,6,10,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,28-undecaene
[25-amino-19-(6-amino-4-hydroxy-2-{[(3r,4s,5r)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy}pentadecyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17,21,24-octahydroxy-12-[hydroxy(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-22-[hydroxy(c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl)methyl]-6,15-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,4,7,10,13,16,20,23-octaazacycloheptacosa-1,4,7,10,13,16,20,23-octaen-9-yl]acetic acid
2-amino-n-(1-{[3-(dichloromethyl)-6,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-1-oxo-4a,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4h-2-benzopyran-4-yl]-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}ethyl)propanimidic acid
C17H25Cl2N3O6 (437.11203300000005)
2-{[hydroxy(5-imino-4-methylidenepyrrolidin-2-yl)methylidene]amino}-3-methylbutanoic acid
4-(1h-indol-3-yl)-5-oxo-6h-azepino[4,5-b]indole-2-carboxylic acid
C21H13N3O3 (355.09568680000007)
1-(3,5-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl)-3-methoxyhexane-1,4,5-triol
3-chloro-4-(3-chloro-2-nitrophenyl)-5-methoxy-1,5-dihydropyrrol-2-one
2-(3-{5a,5b,8,8,11a,13b-hexamethyl-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysen-3-yl}butyl)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolane-3,4-diol
(4e,6e,8e,10e,16e,18e,20e)-22-{[(4e)-1,7-dihydroxy-8-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methyloct-4-en-1-ylidene]amino}-13-hydroxy-3-methoxy-2,4,9,19-tetramethyl-15-oxotricosa-4,6,8,10,16,18,20-heptaenoic acid
2-(1-hydroxycyclopropyl)-4-[(2e)-2-methyldec-2-enoyl]-5-oxooxolane-3-sulfonic acid
C18H28O7S (388.15556580000003)
(2s)-2-[(3s,6s,9s,15r,18r,21r,25r)-15-(2-aminoethyl)-25-[(2r,3r,4s)-2,3-dihydroxy-4-{[(2r,3r,4s,5r)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy}pentadecyl]-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23-octahydroxy-18-[(r)-hydroxy(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-9-(c-hydroxycarbonimidoylmethyl)-6,21-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,4,7,10,13,16,19,22-octaazacyclopentacosa-1,4,7,10,13,16,19,22-octaen-3-yl]-2-hydroxyethanimidic acid
2-[15-(4-aminobutyl)-27-butoxy-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23-octahydroxy-18-[hydroxy(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-9-(c-hydroxycarbonimidoylmethyl)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-21-(1h-indol-3-ylmethyl)-25-[(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxy]-1,4,7,10,13,16,19,22-octaazacyclooctacosa-1,4,7,10,13,16,19,22-octaen-3-yl]ethanimidic acid
3-{[2-({3-carboxy-1,3-dihydroxy-2-[(1-hydroxydodecylidene)amino]propylidene}amino)-1,3-dihydroxypropylidene]amino}-2-hydroxy-3-{[2-hydroxy-1-({2-hydroxy-1-[(1-hydroxy-2-oxopiperidin-3-yl)-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl]ethyl}-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl)propyl]-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}propanoic acid
(2s,3r)-2-amino-n-[(3s,6s,9s,12s,15e,18r,21r,24s,27s,28s)-6-(3-aminopropyl)-3-benzyl-15-ethylidene-5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26-octahydroxy-9-[(s)-hydroxy(1h-indol-3-yl)methyl]-18-[(1s)-1-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl]-24-[(1r)-1-hydroxyethyl]-12,21-bis(hydroxymethyl)-28-isopropyl-2-oxo-1-oxa-4,7,10,13,16,19,22,25-octaazacyclooctacosa-4,7,10,13,16,19,22,25-octaen-27-yl]-3-methylpentanimidic acid
(2r,3s)-3-{[(1s)-1-{[(1r)-1-{[(3r,9s,12r,15s)-9-(4-aminobutyl)-2,5,8,11,14-pentahydroxy-3,12-bis({3-[hydroxy(nitroso)amino]propyl})-1,4,7,10,13-pentaazacyclooctadeca-1,4,7,10,13-pentaen-15-yl]-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}-2-hydroxyethyl]-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}-2-hydroxyethyl]-c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}-2-hydroxy-3-[(1-hydroxydodecylidene)amino]propanoic acid
C45H80N14O18 (1104.5774740000002)
(18e)-2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-octamethyldotriaconta-2,6,10,14,16,18,22,26,30-nonaene
(2s)-2-hydroxy-2-[(3s,6s,9s,15r,21r)-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23-octahydroxy-18-[hydroxy(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-9,15-bis(c-hydroxycarbonimidoylmethyl)-6,21-bis(hydroxymethyl)-25-(2,3,4-trihydroxypentadecyl)-1,4,7,10,13,16,19,22-octaazacyclopentacosa-1,4,7,10,13,16,19,22-octaen-3-yl]ethanimidic acid
2-({2-[(2-amino-1-hydroxypropylidene)amino]-1,4-dihydroxybutylidene}amino)butanedioic acid
[(2s,6s)-6-[(1e,3e)-5-[(2s,3s,5r,6r)-5-{[(2z,4s)-4-(acetyloxy)-1-hydroxypent-2-en-1-ylidene]amino}-3,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]-3-methylpenta-1,3-dien-1-yl]-4-methylideneoxan-2-yl]acetic acid
C28H41NO7 (503.28828760000005)
2-hydroxy-3-[(1s,2s,3r,4r,5s)-1,2,3,4,5-pentahydroxy-2-methylcyclopentyl]propanal
3-{[10-(2-hexylcyclopropyl)-2-hydroxydecanoyl]oxy}-n-(2-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-3-yl)hexadecanimidic acid
2-amino-n-[6-(3-aminopropyl)-3-benzyl-15-ethylidene-5,11,14,17,20,23,26-heptahydroxy-18-(1-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-24-(1-hydroxyethyl)-12,21-bis(hydroxymethyl)-9-(1h-indol-3-ylmethylidene)-28-isopropyl-2,8-dioxo-1-oxa-4,7,10,13,16,19,22,25-octaazacyclooctacosa-4,10,13,16,19,22,25-heptaen-27-yl]-3-methylpentanimidic acid
C57H82N12O15 (1174.6022302000001)