Gene Association: ALOX12
UniProt Search:
ALOX12 (PROTEIN_CODING)
Function Description: arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase, 12S type
found 51 associated metabolites with current gene based on the text mining result from the pubmed database.
Protodioscin
Protodioscin is a spirostanyl glycoside that consists of the trisaccharide alpha-L-Rha-(1->4)-[alpha-L-Rha-(1->2)]-beta-D-Glc attached to position 3 of 26-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3beta,22-dihydroxyfurost-5-ene via a glycosidic linkage. Found in several plant species including yams, asparagus and funugreek. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a steroid saponin, a trisaccharide derivative, a beta-D-glucoside, a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a cyclic hemiketal. It is functionally related to a diosgenin. It derives from a hydride of a spirostan. Protodioscin is a natural product found in Dracaena draco, Borassus flabellifer, and other organisms with data available. See also: Fenugreek seed (part of). Asparasaponin I is found in fenugreek. Asparasaponin I is a bitter principle from white asparagus shoots (Asparagus officinalis) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum From Asparagus officinalis (asparagus) Protodioscin, a major steroidal saponin in Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn., has been shown to exhibit multiple biological actions, such as anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-cancer, sexual effects and cardiovascular properties. Protodioscin, a major steroidal saponin in Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn., has been shown to exhibit multiple biological actions, such as anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-cancer, sexual effects and cardiovascular properties.
Yamogenin
Yamogenin is a triterpenoid. Yamogenin is a natural product found in Cordyline australis, Solanum spirale, and other organisms with data available. See also: Dioscorea polystachya tuber (part of). Diosgenin, a steroidal saponin, can inhibit STAT3 signaling pathway[1]. Diosgenin is an exogenous activator of Pdia3/ERp57[2]. Diosgenin inhibits aortic atherosclerosis progression by suppressing macrophage miR-19b expression[5]. Diosgenin, a steroidal saponin, can inhibit STAT3 signaling pathway[1]. Diosgenin is an exogenous activator of Pdia3/ERp57[2]. Diosgenin inhibits aortic atherosclerosis progression by suppressing macrophage miR-19b expression[5].
beta-Thujaplicin
Beta-thujaplicin is a monoterpenoid that is cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and an isopropyl group at position 4. Isolated from Thuja plicata and Chamaecyparis obtusa, it exhibits antimicrobial activities. It has a role as an antifungal agent, an antibacterial agent, an antiplasmodial drug, an antineoplastic agent and a plant metabolite. It is an enol, a cyclic ketone and a monoterpenoid. It derives from a hydride of a cyclohepta-1,3,5-triene. Hinokitiol is a natural product found in Chamaecyparis obtusa, Thujopsis dolabrata, and other organisms with data available. A monoterpenoid that is cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and an isopropyl group at position 4. Isolated from Thuja plicata and Chamaecyparis obtusa, it exhibits antimicrobial activities. D064449 - Sequestering Agents > D002614 - Chelating Agents > D007502 - Iron Chelating Agents beta-Thujaplicin is found in fruits. beta-Thujaplicin occurs in Juniperus communis (juniper Occurs in Juniperus communis (juniper). beta-Thujaplicin is found in fruits. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Hinokitiol is a component of essential oils isolated from Chymacyparis obtusa, reduces Nrf2 expression, and decreases DNMT1 and UHRF1 mRNA and protein expression, with anti-infective, anti-oxidative, and anti-tumor activities. Hinokitiol is a component of essential oils isolated from Chymacyparis obtusa, reduces Nrf2 expression, and decreases DNMT1 and UHRF1 mRNA and protein expression, with anti-infective, anti-oxidative, and anti-tumor activities.
Eicosapentaenoic acid
Icosapent, also known as icosapentaenoate or (5z,8z,11z,14z,17z)-eicosapentaenoic acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Thus, icosapent is considered to be a fatty acid lipid molecule. Icosapent is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Icosapent can be found in a number of food items such as barley, sacred lotus, white lupine, and rape, which makes icosapent a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Icosapent can be found primarily in blood, feces, sweat, and urine, as well as throughout most human tissues. In humans, icosapent is involved in the alpha linolenic acid and linoleic acid metabolism. Moreover, icosapent is found to be associated with essential hypertension and hypertension. Ethyl eicosapentaenoic acid (E-EPA, icosapent ethyl) is a derivative of the omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) that is used in combination with changes in diet to lower triglyceride levels in adults with severe (≥ 500 mg/dL) hypertriglyceridemia. This was the second class of fish oil-based drug to be approved for use as a drug and was approved by the FDA in 2012. These fish oil drugs are similar to fish oil dietary supplements but the ingredients are better controlled and have been tested in clinical trials . The anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic and immunomodulatory actions of EPA is probably due to its role in eicosanoid physiology and biochemistry. Most eicosanoids are produced by the metabolism of omega-3 fatty acids, specifically, arachidonic acid. These eicosanoids, leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) stimulate leukocyte chemotaxis, platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction. They are thrombogenic and artherogenic. On the other hand, EPA is metabolized to leukotriene B5 (LTB5) and thromboxane A3 (TXA3), which are eicosanoids that promote vasodilation, inhibit platelet aggregation and leukocyte chemotaxis and are anti-artherogenic and anti-thrombotic. The triglyceride-lowering effect of EPA results from inhibition of lipogenesis and stimulation of fatty acid oxidation. Fatty acid oxidation of EPA occurs mainly in the mitochondria. EPA is a substrate for Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 and 2. It also appears to affect the function and bind to the Carbohydrate responsive element binding protein (ChREBP) and to a fatty acid receptor (G-coupled receptor) known as GP40 (DrugBank). Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA or also icosapentaenoic acid) is an important polyunsaturated fatty acid found in fish oils. It serves as the precursor for the prostaglandin-3 and thromboxane-3 families. A diet rich in eicosapentaenoic acid lowers serum lipid concentration, reduces incidence of cardiovascular disorders, prevents platelet aggregation, and inhibits arachidonic acid conversion into the thromboxane-2 and prostaglandin-2 families. Eicosapentaenoic acid is an omega-3 fatty acid. In physiological literature, it is given the name 20:5(n-3). Its systematic chemical name is all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid. It also has the trivial name timnodonic acid. Chemically, EPA is a carboxylic acid with a 20-carbon chain and five cis double bonds; the first double bond is located at the third carbon from the omega end. Because of the presence of double bonds, EPS is a polyunsaturated fatty acid. Metabolically it acts as a precursor for prostaglandin-3 (which inhibits platelet aggregation), thromboxane-3, and leukotriene-5 groups. It is found in fish oils of cod liver, herring, mackerel, salmon, menhaden, and sardine. It is also found in human breast milk (Wikipedia). Chemical was purchased from CAY 90110 (Lot. 0443819-6); Diagnostic ions: 301.2, 257.1, 202.9 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 305 Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) is an orally active Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 LC-PUFA). Eicosapentaenoic Acid exhibits a DNA demethylating action that promotes the re-expression of the tumor suppressor gene CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein δ (C/EBPδ). Eicosapentaenoic Acid activates RAS/ERK/C/EBPβ pathway through H-Ras intron 1 CpG island demethylation in U937 leukemia cells. Eicosapentaenoic Acid can promote relaxation of vascular smooth muscle cells and vasodilation[1][2][3]. Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) is an orally active Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 LC-PUFA). Eicosapentaenoic Acid exhibits a DNA demethylating action that promotes the re-expression of the tumor suppressor gene CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein δ (C/EBPδ). Eicosapentaenoic Acid activates RAS/ERK/C/EBPβ pathway through H-Ras intron 1 CpG island demethylation in U937 leukemia cells. Eicosapentaenoic Acid can promote relaxation of vascular smooth muscle cells and vasodilation[1][2][3].
Guanfacine
A centrally acting antihypertensive agent. The drug lowers both systolic and diastolic blood pressure by activating the central nervous system alpha-2 adrenoreceptors, which results in reduced sympathetic outflow leading to reduced vascular tone. Its adverse reactions include dry mouth, sedation, and constipation. [PubChem] C - Cardiovascular system > C02 - Antihypertensives > C02A - Antiadrenergic agents, centrally acting > C02AC - Imidazoline receptor agonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C87053 - Adrenergic Agonist D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D000322 - Adrenergic Agonists C78274 - Agent Affecting Cardiovascular System > C270 - Antihypertensive Agent D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents
12(S)-HPETE
12-HPETE is one of the six monohydroperoxy fatty acids produced by the non-enzymatic oxidation of arachidonic acid (Leukotrienes). Reduction of the hydroperoxide yields the more stable hydroxyl fatty acid (+/-)12-HETE. A family of biologically active compounds derived from arachidonic acid by oxidative metabolism through the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. They participate in host defense reactions and pathophysiological conditions such as immediate hypersensitivity and inflammation. They have potent actions on many essential organs and systems, including the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and central nervous system as well as the gastrointestinal tract and the immune system. 12-HPETE is one of the six monohydroperoxy fatty acids produced by the non-enzymatic oxidation of arachidonic acid (Leukotrienes). Reduction of the hydroperoxide yields the more stable hydroxyl fatty acid (+/-)12-HETE. D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D010975 - Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014662 - Vasoconstrictor Agents
Bovinic acid
Bovinic acid is a conjugated linoleic acid, present in human adipose tissue; the amount of bovinic acid in humans is significantly related to milk fat intake. Conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) are a group of naturally occurring fatty acids present mainly in fats from ruminants. Milk contains over 20 isomers of CLA but the predominant one is cis-9,trans-11-CLA (bovinic acid). Biomedical studies with animal models have shown that this isomer has anticarcinogenic and anti-atherogenic activities. Bovinic acid is produced as an intermediate in the rumen biohydrogenation of linoleic acid but not of linolenic acid. However, it is only a transient intermediate, and the major source of milk fat CLA is from endogenous synthesis (PMID: 10393134, 15736916).
dinatin
Hispidulin is a natural flavone with a broad spectrum of biological activities. Hispidulin is a Pim-1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 2.71 μM. Hispidulin is a natural flavone with a broad spectrum of biological activities. Hispidulin is a Pim-1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 2.71 μM.
13-HOTE
13-HOTE is a biologically active lipid molecule produced due to altered intestinal lipid metabolism indicative of Alox15 activity. (PMID: 18258795) [HMDB] 13-HOTE is a biologically active lipid molecule produced due to altered intestinal lipid metabolism indicative of Alox15 activity. (PMID: 18258795).
15-HETE
15-HETE is a hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid. Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) are formed by the 5-, 12-, and 15-lipoxygenase (LO) pathways. The 5- and 12-LO products are mainly proinflammatory in the skin whereas the main 15-LO product 15-HETE has antiinflammatory capacities. In vitro, 15-HETE has been shown to inhibit LTB4 formation, 12-HETE formation, and specifically inhibits the neutrophil chemotactic effect of LTB4. The inhibition of LTB4 formation is probably due to modulation of the 5-LO because no changes in PGE2 formation have been determined. In vivo, 15-HETE inhibits LTB4-induced erythema and edema, and reduces LTB4 in the synovial fluid of carragheenan-induced experimental arthritis in dogs. 15-HETE also has some immunomodulatory effects. It inhibits the mixed lymphocyte reaction, induces generation of murine cytotoxic suppressor T cells, and it decreases interferon production by murine lymphoma cells. Furthermore, IL-4 and IL-13 have recently been shown to be potent activators of the 15-LO in mononuclear cells (PMID: 11104340). 15(S)-HETE is found to be associated with Zellweger syndrome, which is an inborn error of metabolism. 15(S)-HETE is a hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid. Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) are formed by the 5-, 12- and 15-lipoxygenase (LO) pathways. 5- and 12-LO products are mainly proinflammatory in the skin whereas the main 15-LO product 15-HETE has antiinflammatory capacities. In vitro 15-HETE has been shown to inhibit LTB4 formation, 12-HETE formation and specifically inhibits the neutrophil chemotactic effect of LTB4. The inhibition of LTB4 formation is probably due to modulation of the 5-LO because no changes in PGE2 formation have been determined. In vivo, 15-HETE inhibits LTB4-induced erythema and edema, and reduces LTB4 in the synovial fluid of carragheenan-induced experimental arthritis in dogs. 15-HETE has also some immunomodulatory effects. It inhibits the mixed lymphocyte reaction, induces generation of murine cytotoxic suppressor T cells, and it decreases interferon production by murine lymphoma cells. Furthermore, IL-4 and IL-13 have recently been shown to be potent activators of the 15-LO in mononuclear cells. (PMID: 11104340) [HMDB] 15(S)-HETE. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=54845-95-3 (retrieved 2024-07-10) (CAS RN: 54845-95-3). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
15-KETE
15-OxoETE or 15-KETE is a keto-containing leukotriene derivative produced by oxidation of the 15-hydroxyl of 15-HETE. [HMDB] 15-OxoETE or 15-KETE is a keto-containing leukotriene derivative produced by oxidation of the 15-hydroxyl of 15-HETE.
5-HETE
5-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) is an endogenous eicosanoid. 5-HETE is an intermediate in the pathway of leukotriene synthesis. In addition, it is a modulator of tubuloglomerular feedback.; 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) is an endogenous eicosanoid. 5-HETE is an intermediate in Arachidonic acid metabolism. It is converted from 5(S)-HPETE via the enzyme glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9)and then it is converted to 5-OxoETE. It is also involved in the pathway of leukotriene synthesis. In addition, it is a modulator of tubuloglomerular feedback. 5-HETE is found in corn. 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) is an endogenous eicosanoid. 5-HETE is an intermediate in arachidonic acid metabolism. It is converted from 5(S)-HPETE via the enzyme glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9)and then converted to 5-OxoETE. It is also involved in the pathway of leukotriene synthesis. In addition, it is a modulator of tubuloglomerular feedback.
Lipoxin A4
Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) was first identified in 1984 by Serhan and colleagues as 5-lipoxygenase interaction product of activated leukocytes. Endogenous transcellular biosynthesis of LXA4 occurs via interaction of leukocytes with epithelium, endothelium or platelets. Lipoxins (LXs) or the lipoxygenase interaction products are generated from arachidonic acid via sequential actions of lipoxygenases and subsequent reactions to give specific trihydroxytetraene-containing eicosanoids. These unique structures are formed during cell-cell interactions and appear to act at both temporal and spatially distinct sites from other eicosanoids produced during the course of inflammatory responses and to stimulate natural resolution. Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) and lipoxin B4 (LXB4) are positional isomers that each possesses potent cellular and in vivo actions. These LX structures are conserved across species. The results of numerous studies reviewed in this work now confirm that they are the first recognized eicosanoid chemical mediators that display both potent anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving actions in vivo in disease models that include rabbit, rat, and mouse systems. LXs act at specific GPCRs as agonists to regulate cellular responses of interest in inflammation and resolution. Aspirin has a direct impact in the LX circuit by triggering the biosynthesis of endogenous epimers of LX, termed the aspirin-triggered 15-epi-LX, that share the potent anti-inflammatory actions of LX. (PMID: 16005201, 16613568). Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) was first identified in 1984 by Serhan and colleagues as 5-lipoxygenase interaction product of activated leukocytes. Endogenous transcellular biosynthesis of LXA4 occurs via interaction of leukocytes with epithelium, endothelium or platelets. D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents
Kaempferide
Kaempferide is a monomethoxyflavone that is the 4-O-methyl derivative of kaempferol. It has a role as an antihypertensive agent and a metabolite. It is a trihydroxyflavone, a monomethoxyflavone and a 7-hydroxyflavonol. It is functionally related to a kaempferol. It is a conjugate acid of a kaempferide(1-). Kaempferide is a natural product found in Ageratina altissima, Chromolaena odorata, and other organisms with data available. Isolated from roots of Alpinia officinarum (lesser galangal). Kaempferide is found in many foods, some of which are herbs and spices, cloves, sour cherry, and european plum. Kaempferide is found in cloves. Kaempferide is isolated from roots of Alpinia officinarum (lesser galangal). A monomethoxyflavone that is the 4-O-methyl derivative of kaempferol. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Kaempferide is an O-methylated flavonol also found in kaempferol. Kaempferide has antiviral activity. Kaempferide is an orally active flavonol isolated from Hippophae rhamnoides L. Kaempferide has anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiobesity, antihypertensive, and neuroprotective activities. Kaempferide induces apoptosis. Kaempferide promotes osteogenesis through antioxidants and can be used in osteoporosis research[1][2][3][4][5][6]. Kaempferide is an O-methylated flavonol also found in kaempferol. Kaempferide has antiviral activity.
(R)-1-Octen-3-ol
Isolated from a number of essential oils, e.g. lavender, leek, mint and mushrooms. Food odorant responsible for typical mushroom odour. Flavouring ingredient. (R)-1-Octen-3-ol is found in mushrooms, onion-family vegetables, and herbs and spices. (R)-1-Octen-3-ol, also known as 1-vinylhexanol or 3-hydroxy-1-octene, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as fatty alcohols. These are aliphatic alcohols consisting of a chain of a least six carbon atoms Oct-1-en-3-ol, a fatty acid fragrant, is a self-stimulating oxylipin messenger. Oct-1-en-3-ol serves as a signaling molecule in plant cellular responses, plant-herbivore interactions, and plant-plant interactions. Oct-1-en-3-ol causes dopamine neuron degeneration through disruption of dopamine handling[1][2]. Oct-1-en-3-ol, a fatty acid fragrant, is a self-stimulating oxylipin messenger. Oct-1-en-3-ol serves as a signaling molecule in plant cellular responses, plant-herbivore interactions, and plant-plant interactions. Oct-1-en-3-ol causes dopamine neuron degeneration through disruption of dopamine handling[1][2].
Leukotriene A4
Leukotriene A4 (LTA4) is the first metabolite in the series of reactions leading to the synthesis of all leukotrienes. 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) catalyzes the two-step conversion of arachidonic acid to LTA4.The first step consists of the oxidation of arachidonic acid to the unstable intermediate 5-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HPETE), and the second step is the dehydration of 5-HPETE to form LTA4. Leukotriene A4, an unstable epoxide, is hydrolyzed to leukotriene B4 or conjugated with glutathione to yield leukotriene C4 and its metabolites, leukotriene D4 and leukotriene E4. The leukotrienes participate in host defense reactions and pathophysiological conditions such as immediate hypersensitivity and inflammation. Recent studies also suggest a neuroendocrine role for leukotriene C4 in luteinizing hormone secretion. (PMID: 10591081, 2820055). Leukotrienes are eicosanoids. The eicosanoids consist of the prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs), leukotrienes (LTs), and lipoxins (LXs). The PGs and TXs are collectively identified as prostanoids. Prostaglandins were originally shown to be synthesized in the prostate gland, thromboxanes from platelets (thrombocytes), and leukotrienes from leukocytes, hence the derivation of their names. All mammalian cells except erythrocytes synthesize eicosanoids. These molecules are extremely potent, able to cause profound physiological effects at very dilute concentrations. All eicosanoids function locally at the site of synthesis, through receptor-mediated G-protein linked signalling pathways. Leukotriene A4 (LTA4) is the first metabolite in the series of reactions leading to the synthesis of all leukotrienes. 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) catalyzes the two-step conversion of arachidonic acid to LTA4.The first step consists of the oxidation of arachidonic acid to the unstable intermediate 5-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HPETE), and the second step is the dehydration of 5-HPETE to form LTA4. Leukotriene A4, an unstable epoxide, is hydrolyzed to leukotriene B4 or conjugated with glutathione to yield leukotriene C4 and its metabolites, leukotriene D4 and leukotriene E4. The leukotrienes participate in host defense reactions and pathophysiological conditions such as immediate hypersensitivity and inflammation. Recent studies also suggest a neuroendocrine role for leukotriene C4 in luteinizing hormone secretion. (PMID: 10591081, 2820055)
Docebenone
D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D016859 - Lipoxygenase Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1322 - Lipooxygenase Inhibitor Docebenone (AA 861) is a potent, selective and orally active 5-LO (5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor.
(5Z,9E,14Z)-(8xi,11R,12S)-11,12-epoxy-8-hydroxyicosa-5,9,14-trienoic Acid
(5Z,9E,14Z)-(8xi,11R,12S)-11,12-epoxy-8-hydroxyicosa-5,9,14-trienoic Acid, also known as Hepoxilin a3 or 8-EH-2, is classified as a member of the Hepoxilins. Hepoxilins are eicosanoids containing an oxirane group attached to the fatty acyl chain. (5Z,9E,14Z)-(8xi,11R,12S)-11,12-epoxy-8-hydroxyicosa-5,9,14-trienoic Acid is considered to be practically insoluble (in water) and acidic
Lipoxin B4
Lipoxins (LXs) and aspirin-triggered lipoxin (ATL) are trihydroxytetraene-containing eicosanoids generated from arachidonic acid that are distinct in structure, formation, and function from the many other proinflammatory lipid-derived mediators. These endogenous eicosanoids have now emerged as founding members of the first class of lipid/chemical mediators involved in the resolution of the inflammatory response. Lipoxin A4 (LXA4), ATL, and their metabolic stable analogs elicit cellular responses and regulate leukocyte trafficking in vivo by activating the specific receptor, ALX. Many of the eicosanoids derived from arachidonic acid (AA2), including prostaglandins (PGs) and leukotrienes (LTs), play important roles as local mediators exerting a wide range of actions relevant in immune hypersensitivity and inflammation. However, recent observations indicate that other agents derived from the lipoxygenase (LO) pathways are formed and play a key role in initiating the resolution of acute inflammation. This phenomenon is an active process that is governed by specific lipid mediators and involves a series of well-orchestrated temporal events. Thus, potent locally released mediators serve as checkpoint controllers of inflammation. In addition to the well-appreciated ability of aspirin to inhibit PGs, aspirin also acetylates cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, triggering the formation of a 15-epimeric form of lipoxins, termed aspirin-triggered LXA4 (ATL). These eicosanoids (i.e. LXA4 and ATL) with a unique trihydroxytetraene structure function as stop signals in inflammation and actively participate in dampening host responses to bring the inflammation to a close, namely, resolution. LXA4 and ATL elicit the multicellular responses via a specific G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) termed ALX that has been identified in human (PMID: 16968948, 11478982). Lipoxins (LXs) and aspirin-triggered Lipoxin (ATL) are trihydroxytetraene-containing eicosanoids generated from arachidonic acid that are distinct in structure, formation, and function from the many other proinflammatory lipid-derived mediators. These endogenous eicosanoids have now emerged as founding members of the first class of lipid/chemical mediators involved in the resolution of the inflammatory response. Lipoxin A4 (LXA4), ATL, and their metabolic stable analogs elicit cellular responses and regulate leukocyte trafficking in vivo by activating the specific receptor, ALX. Many of the eicosanoids derived from arachidonic acid (AA2), including prostaglandins (PGs) and leukotrienes (LTs), play important roles as local mediators exerting a wide range of actions relevant in immune hypersensitivity and inflammation. However, recent observations indicate that other agents derived from the lipoxygenase (LO) pathways are formed and play a key role in initiating the resolution of acute inflammation. This phenomenon is an active process that is governed by specific lipid mediators and involves a series of well-orchestrated temporal events. Thus, potent locally released mediators serve as checkpoint controllers of inflammation. D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents
Aloperine
Aloperine is a natural product found in Thinicola incana, Sophora alopecuroides, and other organisms with data available. Aloperine is an alkaloid in sophora plants such as Sophora alopecuroides L, which has shown anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-virus properties[1]. Aloperine is widely used to treat patients with allergic contact dermatitis eczema and other skin inflammation in China[2]. Aloperine induces apoptosis and autophagy in HL-60 cells[1]. Aloperine is an alkaloid in sophora plants such as Sophora alopecuroides L, which has shown anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-virus properties[1]. Aloperine is widely used to treat patients with allergic contact dermatitis eczema and other skin inflammation in China[2]. Aloperine induces apoptosis and autophagy in HL-60 cells[1].
Tropolone
Tropolone, a ?tropone derivative with a?hydroxyl group?in the 2-position, is a precursor?of manyazulene derivatives such as?methyl 2-methylazulene-1-carboxylate[1]. Tropolone is a potent inhibitor of mushroom tyrosinase with a IC50 of 0.4 μM, and the inhibition can be reversed by dialysis or by excess CU2+[2].
Hispidulin
Hispidulin is a monomethoxyflavone that is scutellarein methylated at position 6. It has a role as an apoptosis inducer, an anti-inflammatory agent, an antioxidant, an anticonvulsant, an antineoplastic agent and a plant metabolite. It is a trihydroxyflavone and a monomethoxyflavone. It is functionally related to a scutellarein. Hispidulin (4,5,7-trihydroxy-6-methoxyflavone) is a potent benzodiazepine (BZD) receptor ligand with positive allosteric properties. Hispidulin is a natural product found in Eupatorium cannabinum, Eupatorium perfoliatum, and other organisms with data available. See also: Arnica montana Flower (part of). A monomethoxyflavone that is scutellarein methylated at position 6. 6-methylscutellarein, also known as 4,5,7-trihydroxy-6-methoxyflavone or dinatin, is a member of the class of compounds known as 6-o-methylated flavonoids. 6-o-methylated flavonoids are flavonoids with methoxy groups attached to the C6 atom of the flavonoid backbone. Thus, 6-methylscutellarein is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule. 6-methylscutellarein is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 6-methylscutellarein can be found in a number of food items such as italian oregano, common sage, sunflower, and common thyme, which makes 6-methylscutellarein a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Hispidulin is a natural flavone with a broad spectrum of biological activities. Hispidulin is a Pim-1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 2.71 μM. Hispidulin is a natural flavone with a broad spectrum of biological activities. Hispidulin is a Pim-1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 2.71 μM.
dinatin
Hispidulin is a natural flavone with a broad spectrum of biological activities. Hispidulin is a Pim-1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 2.71 μM. Hispidulin is a natural flavone with a broad spectrum of biological activities. Hispidulin is a Pim-1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 2.71 μM.
Tropolone
Tropolone is a cyclic ketone that is cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. It is a toxin produced by the agricultural pathogen Burkholderia plantarii. It has a role as a bacterial metabolite, a toxin and a fungicide. It is a cyclic ketone, an enol and an alpha-hydroxy ketone. It derives from a hydride of a cyclohepta-1,3,5-triene. A seven-membered aromatic ring compound. It is structurally related to a number of naturally occurring antifungal compounds (ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS). A cyclic ketone that is cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. It is a toxin produced by the agricultural pathogen Burkholderia plantarii. Tropolone, a ?tropone derivative with a?hydroxyl group?in the 2-position, is a precursor?of manyazulene derivatives such as?methyl 2-methylazulene-1-carboxylate[1]. Tropolone is a potent inhibitor of mushroom tyrosinase with a IC50 of 0.4 μM, and the inhibition can be reversed by dialysis or by excess CU2+[2].
13-HoTrE
A hydroxyoctadecatrienoic acid that consists of 9Z,11E,15Z-octadecatrienoic acid bearing an additional 13-hydroxy substituent. CONFIDENCE standard compound; NATIVE_RUN_ID STD_neg_MSMS_1min0099.mzML; PROCESSING averaging of repeated ion fragments at 30.0 eV within 5 ppm window [MS, MS:1000575, mean of spectra, ] CONFIDENCE standard compound; NATIVE_RUN_ID STD_neg_MSMS_1min0099.mzML; PROCESSING averaging of repeated ion fragments at 20.0 eV within 5 ppm window [MS, MS:1000575, mean of spectra, ] CONFIDENCE standard compound; NATIVE_RUN_ID STD_neg_MSMS_1min0099.mzML; PROCESSING averaging of repeated ion fragments at 10.0 eV within 5 ppm window [MS, MS:1000575, mean of spectra, ] CONFIDENCE standard compound; NATIVE_RUN_ID QExHF03_NM_0001341.mzML; PROCESSING averaging of repeated ion fragments at 30.0 eV within 5 ppm window [MS, MS:1000575, mean of spectra, ] CONFIDENCE standard compound; NATIVE_RUN_ID QExHF03_NM_0001341.mzML; PROCESSING averaging of repeated ion fragments at 20.0 eV within 5 ppm window [MS, MS:1000575, mean of spectra, ] CONFIDENCE standard compound; NATIVE_RUN_ID QExHF03_NM_0001341.mzML; PROCESSING averaging of repeated ion fragments at 10.0 eV within 5 ppm window [MS, MS:1000575, mean of spectra, ] CONFIDENCE standard compound; NATIVE_RUN_ID QExHF03_NM_0001341.mzML; PROCESSING averaging of repeated ion fragments at 40.0 NCE within 5 ppm window [MS, MS:1000575, mean of spectra, ] CONFIDENCE standard compound; NATIVE_RUN_ID QExHF03_NM_0001341.mzML; PROCESSING averaging of repeated ion fragments at 30.0 NCE within 5 ppm window [MS, MS:1000575, mean of spectra, ] CONFIDENCE standard compound; NATIVE_RUN_ID QExHF03_NM_0001341.mzML; PROCESSING averaging of repeated ion fragments at 20.0 NCE within 5 ppm window [MS, MS:1000575, mean of spectra, ]
Lipoxin A4
A C20 hydroxy fatty acid having (5S)-, (6R)- and (15S)-hydroxy groups as well as (7E)- (9E)-, (11Z)- and (13E)-double bonds. D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents Chemical was purchased from CAY90410 (Lot D433602-40); Diagnostic ions: 351.2, 251.1, 235,1, 145.6, 114.9
Kaempferide
relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.191 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.194 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.190 Kaempferide is an O-methylated flavonol also found in kaempferol. Kaempferide has antiviral activity. Kaempferide is an orally active flavonol isolated from Hippophae rhamnoides L. Kaempferide has anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiobesity, antihypertensive, and neuroprotective activities. Kaempferide induces apoptosis. Kaempferide promotes osteogenesis through antioxidants and can be used in osteoporosis research[1][2][3][4][5][6]. Kaempferide is an O-methylated flavonol also found in kaempferol. Kaempferide has antiviral activity.
Hinokitiol
Origin: Plant; Formula(Parent): C10H12O2; Bottle Name:Hinokitiol; PRIME Parent Name:Hinokitiol; PRIME in-house No.:S0323; SubCategory_DNP: Monoterpenoids, Tropolone monoterpenoids D064449 - Sequestering Agents > D002614 - Chelating Agents > D007502 - Iron Chelating Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents Hinokitiol is a component of essential oils isolated from Chymacyparis obtusa, reduces Nrf2 expression, and decreases DNMT1 and UHRF1 mRNA and protein expression, with anti-infective, anti-oxidative, and anti-tumor activities. Hinokitiol is a component of essential oils isolated from Chymacyparis obtusa, reduces Nrf2 expression, and decreases DNMT1 and UHRF1 mRNA and protein expression, with anti-infective, anti-oxidative, and anti-tumor activities.
Rumenic acid
Bovinic acid is a conjugated linoleic acid, present in human adipose tissue; the amount of bovinic acid in humans is significantly related to milk fat intake. Conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) are a group of naturally occurring fatty acids present mainly in fats from ruminants. Milk contains over 20 isomers of CLA but the predominant one is cis-9,trans-11-CLA (bovinic acid). Biomedical studies with animal models have shown that this isomer has anticarcinogenic and anti-atherogenic activities. Bovinic acid is produced as an intermediate in the rumen biohydrogenation of linoleic acid but not of linolenic acid. However, it is only a transient intermediate, and the major source of milk fat CLA is from endogenous synthesis. (PMID 10393134, 15736916) [HMDB]
Kaempferid
Kaempferide is an O-methylated flavonol also found in kaempferol. Kaempferide has antiviral activity. Kaempferide is an orally active flavonol isolated from Hippophae rhamnoides L. Kaempferide has anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiobesity, antihypertensive, and neuroprotective activities. Kaempferide induces apoptosis. Kaempferide promotes osteogenesis through antioxidants and can be used in osteoporosis research[1][2][3][4][5][6]. Kaempferide is an O-methylated flavonol also found in kaempferol. Kaempferide has antiviral activity.
1-OCTEN-3-OL
Oct-1-en-3-ol, a fatty acid fragrant, is a self-stimulating oxylipin messenger. Oct-1-en-3-ol serves as a signaling molecule in plant cellular responses, plant-herbivore interactions, and plant-plant interactions. Oct-1-en-3-ol causes dopamine neuron degeneration through disruption of dopamine handling[1][2]. Oct-1-en-3-ol, a fatty acid fragrant, is a self-stimulating oxylipin messenger. Oct-1-en-3-ol serves as a signaling molecule in plant cellular responses, plant-herbivore interactions, and plant-plant interactions. Oct-1-en-3-ol causes dopamine neuron degeneration through disruption of dopamine handling[1][2].
FA 18:2
Linolelaidic acid (Linoelaidic acid), an omega-6 trans fatty acid, acts as a source of energy. Linolelaidic acid is an essential nutrient, adding in enteral, parenteral, and infant formulas. Linolelaidic acid can be used for heart diseases research[1]. Linolelaidic acid (Linoelaidic acid), an omega-6 trans fatty acid, acts as a source of energy. Linolelaidic acid is an essential nutrient, adding in enteral, parenteral, and infant formulas. Linolelaidic acid can be used for heart diseases research[1].
Leukotriene A4
A leukotriene that is the (5S,6S)-epoxy derivative of (7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-icosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid.
lipoxin B4
A C20 hydroxy fatty acid having (5S)-, (14R)- and (15S)-hydroxy groups as well as (6E)- (8Z)-, (10E)- and (12E)-double bonds. D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents
FOH 8:1
Oct-1-en-3-ol, a fatty acid fragrant, is a self-stimulating oxylipin messenger. Oct-1-en-3-ol serves as a signaling molecule in plant cellular responses, plant-herbivore interactions, and plant-plant interactions. Oct-1-en-3-ol causes dopamine neuron degeneration through disruption of dopamine handling[1][2]. Oct-1-en-3-ol, a fatty acid fragrant, is a self-stimulating oxylipin messenger. Oct-1-en-3-ol serves as a signaling molecule in plant cellular responses, plant-herbivore interactions, and plant-plant interactions. Oct-1-en-3-ol causes dopamine neuron degeneration through disruption of dopamine handling[1][2].
AA-861
D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D016859 - Lipoxygenase Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1322 - Lipooxygenase Inhibitor Docebenone (AA 861) is a potent, selective and orally active 5-LO (5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor.
Protodioscin
Protodioscin is a spirostanyl glycoside that consists of the trisaccharide alpha-L-Rha-(1->4)-[alpha-L-Rha-(1->2)]-beta-D-Glc attached to position 3 of 26-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3beta,22-dihydroxyfurost-5-ene via a glycosidic linkage. Found in several plant species including yams, asparagus and funugreek. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a steroid saponin, a trisaccharide derivative, a beta-D-glucoside, a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a cyclic hemiketal. It is functionally related to a diosgenin. It derives from a hydride of a spirostan. Protodioscin is a natural product found in Dracaena draco, Borassus flabellifer, and other organisms with data available. See also: Fenugreek seed (part of). A spirostanyl glycoside that consists of the trisaccharide alpha-L-Rha-(1->4)-[alpha-L-Rha-(1->2)]-beta-D-Glc attached to position 3 of 26-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3beta,22-dihydroxyfurost-5-ene via a glycosidic linkage. Found in several plant species including yams, asparagus and funugreek. Protodioscin, a major steroidal saponin in Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn., has been shown to exhibit multiple biological actions, such as anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-cancer, sexual effects and cardiovascular properties. Protodioscin, a major steroidal saponin in Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn., has been shown to exhibit multiple biological actions, such as anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-cancer, sexual effects and cardiovascular properties.
GUANFACINE
C - Cardiovascular system > C02 - Antihypertensives > C02A - Antiadrenergic agents, centrally acting > C02AC - Imidazoline receptor agonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C87053 - Adrenergic Agonist D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D000322 - Adrenergic Agonists C78274 - Agent Affecting Cardiovascular System > C270 - Antihypertensive Agent D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents
15-Oxo-ETE
An oxoicosatetraenoic acid having (5Z,8Z,11Z,13E) double bond stereochemistry, and an oxo group in position 15.
