Exact Mass: 90.050318
Exact Mass Matches: 90.050318
Found 216 metabolites which its exact mass value is equals to given mass value 90.050318,
within given mass tolerance error 0.05 dalton. Try search metabolite list with more accurate mass tolerance error
0.01 dalton.
L-Lactic acid
Lactic acid is an organic acid. It is a chiral molecule, consisting of two optical isomers, L-lactic acid and D-lactic acid, with the L-isomer being the most common in living organisms. Lactic acid plays a role in several biochemical processes and is produced in the muscles during intense activity. In animals, L-lactate is constantly produced from pyruvate via the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in a process of fermentation during normal metabolism and exercise. It does not increase in concentration until the rate of lactate production exceeds the rate of lactate removal. This is governed by a number of factors, including monocarboxylate transporters, lactate concentration, the isoform of LDH, and oxidative capacity of tissues. The concentration of blood lactate is usually 1-2 mmol/L at rest, but can rise to over 20 mmol/L during intense exertion. There are some indications that lactate, and not glucose, is preferentially metabolized by neurons in the brain of several mammalian species, including mice, rats, and humans. Glial cells, using the lactate shuttle, are responsible for transforming glucose into lactate, and for providing lactate to the neurons. Lactate measurement in critically ill patients has been traditionally used to stratify patients with poor outcomes. However, plasma lactate levels are the result of a finely tuned interplay of factors that affect the balance between its production and its clearance. When the oxygen supply does not match its consumption, organisms adapt in many different ways, up to the point when energy failure occurs. Lactate, being part of the adaptive response, may then be used to assess the severity of the supply/demand imbalance. In such a scenario, the time to intervention becomes relevant: early and effective treatment may allow tissues and cells to revert to a normal state, as long as the oxygen machinery (i.e. mitochondria) is intact. Conversely, once the mitochondria are deranged, energy failure occurs even in the presence of normoxia. The lactate increase in critically ill patients may, therefore, be viewed as an early marker of a potentially reversible state (PMID: 16356243). When present in sufficiently high levels, lactic acid can act as an oncometabolite, an immunosuppressant, an acidogen, and a metabotoxin. An oncometabolite is a compound that promotes tumor growth and survival. An immunosuppressant reduces or arrests the activity of the immune system. An acidogen is an acidic compound that induces acidosis, which has multiple adverse effects on many organ systems. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of lactic acid are associated with at least a dozen inborn errors of metabolism, including 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, biotinidase deficiency, fructose-1,6-diphosphatase deficiency, glycogen storage disease type 1A (GSD1A) or Von Gierke disease, glycogenosis type IB, glycogenosis type IC, glycogenosis type VI, Hers disease, lactic acidemia, Leigh syndrome, methylmalonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency, pyruvate decarboxylase E1 component deficiency, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency, pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency, and short chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (SCAD deficiency). Locally high concentrations of lactic acid or lactate are found near many tumors due to the upregulation of lactate dehydrogenase (PMID: 15279558). Lactic acid produced by tumors through aerobic glycolysis acts as an immunosuppressant and tumor promoter (PMID: 23729358). Indeed, lactic acid has been found to be a key player or regulator in the development and malignant progression of a variety of cancers (PMID: 22084445). A number of studies have demonstrated that malignant transformation is associated with an increase in aerobic cellular lactate excretion. Lactate concentrations in various carcinomas (e.g. uterine cervix, head and neck, colorectal regi... Occurs in the juice of muscular tissue, bile etc. Flavour ingredient, food antioxidant. Various esters are also used in flavourings L-Lactic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=79-33-4 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 79-33-4). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Lactate (Lactate acid) is the product of glycolysis. Lactate is produced by oxygen lack in contracting skeletal muscle in vivo, and can be removed under fully aerobic conditions. Lactate can be as a hemodynamic marker in the critically ill[1][2]. Lactate (Lactate acid) is the product of glycolysis. Lactate is produced by oxygen lack in contracting skeletal muscle in vivo, and can be removed under fully aerobic conditions. Lactate can be as a hemodynamic marker in the critically ill[1][2]. L-Lactic acid is a buildiing block which can be used as a precursor for the production of the bioplastic polymer poly-lactic acid. L-Lactic acid is a buildiing block which can be used as a precursor for the production of the bioplastic polymer poly-lactic acid.
(2R,3R)-2,3-Butanediol
(2R,3R)-2,3-Butanediol is found in cocoa and cocoa products. (2R,3R)-2,3-Butanediol is isolated from cocoa butter and roots of Ruta graveolens (rue).2,3-Butanediol is one of the constitutional isomers of butanediol. The 2R,3R stereoisomer of 2,3-butanediol is produced by a variety of microorganisms, in a process known as butanediol fermentation. It is found in cocoa butter and in the roots of Ruta graveolens. (Wikipedia). (2R,3R)-Butane-2,3-diol is an endogenous metabolite. (2R,3R)-Butane-2,3-diol is an endogenous metabolite. 2,3-Butanediol is a butanediol derived from the bioconversion of natural resources[1]. 2,3-Butanediol is a butanediol derived from the bioconversion of natural resources[1].
Hydroxypropionic acid
3-Hydroxypropionic acid is a carboxylic acid. It is an intermediate in the breakdown of branched-chain amino acids and propionic acid from the gut. Typically it originates from propionyl-CoA and a defect in the enzyme propionyl carboxylase. This leads to a buildup in propionyl-CoA in the mitochondria. Such a buildup can lead to a disruption of the esterified CoA:free CoA ratio and ultimately to mitochondrial toxicity. Detoxification of these metabolic end products occurs via the transfer of the propionyl moiety to carnitine-forming propionyl-carnitine, which is then transferred across the inner mitochondrial membrane. 3-Hydroxypropionic acid is then released as the free acid. As an industrial chemical, it is used in the production of various chemicals such as acrylates in industry. When present in sufficiently high levels, 3-hydroxypropionic acid can act as an acidogen and a metabotoxin. An acidogen is an acidic compound that induces acidosis, which has multiple adverse effects on many organ systems. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of hydroxypropionic acid are associated with many inborn errors of metabolism including biotinidase deficiency, malonic aciduria, methylmalonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency, methylmalonic aciduria, methylmalonic aciduria due to cobalamin-related disorders, and propionic acidemia. Hydroxypropionic acid is an organic acid. Abnormally high levels of organic acids in the blood (organic acidemia), urine (organic aciduria), the brain, and other tissues lead to general metabolic acidosis. Acidosis typically occurs when arterial pH falls below 7.35. Infants with acidosis have symptoms that include poor feeding, vomiting, loss of appetite, weak muscle tone (hypotonia), and lack of energy (lethargy). These can progress to heart, liver, and kidney abnormalities, seizures, coma, and possibly death. These are also the characteristic symptoms of the IEMs mentioned above. Many affected children with organic acidemias experience intellectual disability or delayed development. In adults, acidosis or acidemia is characterized by headaches, confusion, feeling tired, tremors, sleepiness, and seizures. 3-Hydroxypropionic acid is also a microbial metabolite found in Escherichia, Klebsiella and Saccharomyces (PMID: 26360870).
Glyceraldehyde
DL-Glyceraldehyde is a monosaccharide. DL-Glyceraldehyde is the simplest aldose. DL-Glyceraldehyde can be used for various biochemical studies[1].
Dihydroxyacetone
Dihydroxyacetone, also known as 1,3-dihydroxy-2-propanone or glycerone, is a member of the class of compounds known as monosaccharides. Monosaccharides are compounds containing one carbohydrate unit not glycosidically linked to another such unit, and no set of two or more glycosidically linked carbohydrate units. Monosaccharides have the general formula CnH2nOn. Dihydroxyacetone is soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Dihydroxyacetone can be found in a number of food items such as cauliflower, green bell pepper, black cabbage, and sweet basil, which makes dihydroxyacetone a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Dihydroxyacetone can be found primarily in urine, as well as in human muscle and stratum corneum tissues. Dihydroxyacetone exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Dihydroxyacetone is primarily used as an ingredient in sunless tanning products. It is often derived from plant sources such as sugar beets and sugar cane, and by the fermentation of glycerin . Dihydroxyacetone (also known as DHA) is a ketotriose compound. Its addition to blood preservation solutions results in better maintenance of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate levels during storage. It is readily phosphorylated to dihydroxyacetone phosphate by triokinase in erythrocytes. In combination with naphthoquinones, it acts as a sunscreening agent. Dihydroxyacetone is the simplest of all ketoses and, having no chiral centre, is the only one that has no optical activity. Dihydroxyacetone is a simple non-toxic sugar. It is often derived from plant sources such as sugar beets and sugar cane, by the fermentation of glycerin. Dihydroxyacetone is a white crystalline powder which is water soluble. 1,3-Dihydroxyacetone (DHA), the main active ingredient in sunless tanning skin-care preparations and an important precursor for the synthesis of various fine chemicals, is produced on an industrial scale by microbial fermentation of glycerol over Gluconobacter oxydans[1]. 1,3-Dihydroxyacetone (DHA), the main active ingredient in sunless tanning skin-care preparations and an important precursor for the synthesis of various fine chemicals, is produced on an industrial scale by microbial fermentation of glycerol over Gluconobacter oxydans[1].
Diethyl sulfide
Diethyl sulfide is found in alcoholic beverages. Diethyl sulfide is a food additive listed in the EAFUS food Additive Database (Jan 2001). Diethyl sulfide is found in various foods and brandies. Diethyl sulfide is a food flavour ingredient. Diethyl sulfide is a clear, flammable chemical compound with a pungent garlic-like odor. It has the chemical formula C4H10S. It is prepared by treating ethanol with concentrated sulfuric acid, partially neutralizing the new solution with sodium carbonate, then distilling the resulting sodium ethyl sulfate in a solution containing potassium sulfide Food additive listed in the EAFUS Food Additive Database (Jan 2001). Found in various foods and brandies. Food flavour ingredient
METHYLAZOXYMETHANOL
D009676 - Noxae > D000477 - Alkylating Agents D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens D009676 - Noxae > D013723 - Teratogens
Thial-1-Propene-1-thiol S-oxide
Lachrymatory factor of onion (Allium cepa). Thial-1-Propene-1-thiol S-oxide is found in garden onion and onion-family vegetables. Thial-1-Propene-1-thiol S-oxide is found in garden onion. Lachrymatory factor of onion (Allium cepa).
2-Ethoxyethanol
2-Ethoxyethanol is a diluent in colour additive mixtures for marking food. 2-Ethoxyethanol, also known by the trademark Cellosolve or ethyl cellosolve, is a solvent used widely in commercial and industrial applications. It is a clear, colorless, nearly odorless liquid that is miscible with water, ethanol, diethyl ether, acetone, and ethyl acetate. As with other glycol ethers, 2-ethoxyethanol has the useful property of being able to dissolve chemically diverse compounds. It will dissolve oils, resins, grease, waxes, nitrocellulose, and lacquers. This is an ideal property as a multi-purpose cleaner and therefore 2-ethoxyethanol is used in products such as varnish removers and degreasing solutions
1,3-Butanediol
1,3-Butanediol, also known as b-butylene glycol or BD, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as secondary alcohols. Secondary alcohols are compounds containing a secondary alcohol functional group, with the general structure HOC(R)(R) (R,R=alkyl, aryl). 1,3-Butanediol is a bitter and odorless tasting compound. 1,3-Butanediol has been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as green bell peppers, orange bell peppers, pepper (c. annuum), red bell peppers, and yellow bell peppers. This could make 1,3-butanediol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. A butanediol compound having two hydroxy groups in the 1- and 3-positions. Solv. for flavouring agents 1,3-Butanediol, an ethanol dimer providing a source of calories for human nutrition. 1,3-Butanediol is converted in the body to β-hydroxybutyrate and has cerebral protective and hypoglycaemic effect[1][2].
2-Methyl-1,2-propanediol
A glycol that is 2-methylpropane in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 1 and 2..
Glyceraldehyde
Glyceraldehyde is a triose monosaccharide with chemical formula C3H6O3. It is the simplest of all common aldoses. It is a sweet, colourless crystalline solid that is an intermediate compound in carbohydrate metabolism. The word "glyceraldehyde" comes from combining glycerine and aldehyde, as glyceraldehyde is merely glycerine with one hydroxide changed to an aldehyde. Glyceraldehyde is produced from the action of the enzyme glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase, which converts glycerol to glyceraldehyde using NADP as a cofactor. When present at sufficiently high levels, glyceraldehyde can be a cytotoxin and a mutagen. A cytotoxin is a compound that kills cells. A mutagen is a compound that causes mutations in DNA. Glyceraldehyde is a highly reactive compound that can modify and cross-link proteins. Glyceraldehyde-modified proteins appear to be cytotoxic, depress intracellular glutathione levels, and induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (PMID:14981296). Glyceraldehyde has been shown to cause chromosome damage to human cells in culture and is mutagenic in the Ames bacterial test. Glyceraldehyde is a triose monosaccharide with chemical formula C3H6O3. It is the simplest of all common aldoses. It is a sweet colorless crystalline solid that is an intermediate compound in carbohydrate metabolism. The word comes from combining glycerine and aldehyde, as glyceraldehyde is merely glycerine with one hydroxide changed to an aldehyde. [HMDB] DL-Glyceraldehyde is a monosaccharide. DL-Glyceraldehyde is the simplest aldose. DL-Glyceraldehyde can be used for various biochemical studies[1].
Lactic acid
D-lactic acid, also known as D-lactate or D-2-hydroxypropanoic acid, belongs to alpha hydroxy acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are organic compounds containing a carboxylic acid substituted with a hydroxyl group on the adjacent carbon. D-lactic acid is soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). D-lactic acid can be found in a number of food items such as tamarind, onion-family vegetables, allspice, and acerola, which makes D-lactic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. D-lactic acid can be found primarily in blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and urine, as well as throughout most human tissues. D-lactic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, D-lactic acid is involved in a couple of metabolic pathways, which include pyruvaldehyde degradation and pyruvate metabolism. D-lactic acid is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include pyruvate kinase deficiency, pyruvate decarboxylase E1 component deficiency (PDHE1 deficiency), pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency, and leigh syndrome. Moreover, D-lactic acid is found to be associated with diabetes mellitus type 2 and schizophrenia. D-lactic acid is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. In animals, L-lactate is constantly produced from pyruvate via the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in a process of fermentation during normal metabolism and exercise. It does not increase in concentration until the rate of lactate production exceeds the rate of lactate removal, which is governed by a number of factors, including monocarboxylate transporters, concentration and isoform of LDH, and oxidative capacity of tissues. The concentration of blood lactate is usually 1–2 mmol/L at rest, but can rise to over 20 mmol/L during intense exertion and as high as 25 mmol/L afterward . Lactic acid is an organic acid. It is a chiral molecule, consisting of two optical isomers, L-lactic acid and D-lactic acid, with the L-isomer being the most common in living organisms. Lactic acid plays a role in several biochemical processes and is produced in the muscles during intense activity. D-Lactic acid is the end product of the enzyme glyoxalase II (or hydroxyacyl-glutathione hydrolase) (EC 3.1.2.6), which converts the intermediate substrate S-lactoyl-glutathione to reduced glutathione and D-lactate (OMIM: 138790). Lactic acid is a microbial metabolite found in Aerococcus, Bacillus, Carnobacterium, Corynebacterium, Enterococcus, Escherichia, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Oenococcus, Pediococcus, Rhizopus, Saccharomyces, Streptococcus, Tetragenococcus, Vagococcus and Weissella (PMID:26287368; PMID:26360870).
Lactate
G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G01 - Gynecological antiinfectives and antiseptics > G01A - Antiinfectives and antiseptics, excl. combinations with corticosteroids > G01AD - Organic acids Lactate (Lactate acid) is the product of glycolysis. Lactate is produced by oxygen lack in contracting skeletal muscle in vivo, and can be removed under fully aerobic conditions. Lactate can be as a hemodynamic marker in the critically ill[1][2]. Lactate (Lactate acid) is the product of glycolysis. Lactate is produced by oxygen lack in contracting skeletal muscle in vivo, and can be removed under fully aerobic conditions. Lactate can be as a hemodynamic marker in the critically ill[1][2].
Glycerose
DL-Glyceraldehyde is a monosaccharide. DL-Glyceraldehyde is the simplest aldose. DL-Glyceraldehyde can be used for various biochemical studies[1].
2,3-Butanediol
2,3-Butanediol is an isomer of butanediol. The 2R,3R stereoisomer of 2,3-butanediol is produced by a variety of microorganisms, in a process known as butanediol fermentation. 2,3-Butanediol fermentation is the anaerobic fermentation of glucose with 2,3-butanediol as one of the end products. The overall stoichiometry of the reaction is 2 pyruvate + NADH --> 2CO2 + 2,3-butanediol. Butanediol fermentation is typical for Enterobacter species or microbes found in the gut. 2,3-butanediol has been identified in the sera of alcoholics and it may be a specific marker of alcohol abuse (PMID:6139706). In humans, 2,3-butanediol is oxidized to acetyl-CoA via acetoin. 2,3-Butanediol is also found in cocoa butter. 2,3-Butanediol can also be found in Bacillus, Klebsiella and Serratia (PMID:21272631). 2,3-Butanediol is one of the constitutional isomers of butanediol. The 2R,3R stereoisomer of 2,3-butanediol is produced by a variety of microorganisms, in a process known as butanediol fermentation. It is found in cocoa butter and in the roots of Ruta graveolens. (2R,3R)-Butane-2,3-diol is an endogenous metabolite. (2R,3R)-Butane-2,3-diol is an endogenous metabolite. 2,3-Butanediol is a butanediol derived from the bioconversion of natural resources[1]. 2,3-Butanediol is a butanediol derived from the bioconversion of natural resources[1].
Monoethyl carbonate
Monoethyl carbonate is found in alcoholic beverages. Monoethyl carbonate is found in wine
2-(Methylthio)propane
2-(Methylthio)propane is produced by some canned vegetables. Produced by some canned vegetables
1-Butanethiol
1-Butanethiol, also known as 1-butyl mercaptan or 1-butylthiol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alkylthiols. These are organic compounds containing the thiol functional group linked to an alkyl chain. 1-Butanethiol is a coffee, egg, and garlic tasting compound. 1-Butanethiol has been detected, but not quantified, in milk and milk products and potato. Commercially, this is performed using ultraviolet light. It is sometimes placed in the "stink bombs" and "stink perfumes" for pranksters. Butanethiol is a very noxious and caustic chemical compound, and at sufficiently high concentrations, it produces serious health effects in both humans and animals, especially as a result of prolonged exposure. It may cause effects on the thyroid and the nervous system and could cause lowering of consciousness. The scent of butanethiol is so strong that the human nose can easily detect it in the air at concentrations as low as 10 parts per billion. The substance irritates the eyes, the skin, and the respiratory tract. Butanethiol is a thiol of low molecular weight, and it is highly flammable. Butanethiol is used as an industrial solvent, and as an intermediate for cotton defoliants. The threshold level for 1-butanethiol is reported as 1.4 ppb. Butanethiol is chemically classified among the thiols, which are organic compounds with molecular formulas and structural formulas similar to alcohols, except that sulfur-containing sulfhydryl group (-SH) replaces the oxygen-containing hydroxyl group (-OH) in the molecule. Butanethiol is prepared by the free radical catalyzed addition of hydrogen sulfide to 1-butene. Contact with the skin and mucous membranes causes burns, and contact with the eyes can lead to blurred vision or complete blindness. Inhalation may cause weakness, confusion, cough, dizziness, drowsiness, headache, nausea, vomiting, and shortness of breath. 1-Butanethiol is a flavouring agent. It is found in animal foods such as beef and raw chicken. It is also found in cooked potatoes and in milk and milk products (e.g. Cheshire cheese).
2-Methyl-1-propanethiol
2-Methyl-1-propanethiol is found in alcoholic beverages. 2-Methyl-1-propanethiol is a food additive listed in the EAFUS food Additive Database (Jan. 2001). 2-Methyl-1-propanethiol is found in guava, milk, cooked beef, cooked pork and beer. 2-Methyl-1-propanethiol is a flavouring ingredien Food additive listed in the EAFUS Food Additive Database (Jan. 2001). Found in guava, milk, cooked beef, cooked pork and beer. Flavouring ingredient
(E)-1-Propene-1-sulfenic acid
(E)-1-Propene-1-sulfenic acid is found in onion-family vegetables. (E)-1-Propene-1-sulfenic acid is present in onion (Allium cepa Present in onion (Allium cepa). (E)-1-Propene-1-sulfenic acid is found in garden onion and onion-family vegetables.
1,1-Dimethoxyethane
1,1-Dimethoxyethane is found in fig. 1,1-Dimethoxyethane is a flavouring ingredien Flavouring ingredient. 1,1-Dimethoxyethane is found in fig.
S-Methyl thioacetate
S-Methyl thioacetate is found in alcoholic beverages. S-Methyl thioacetate is found in melon, strawberry, passion fruit, onion, cheese, cooked meats, beer, whiskies, wines and coffee. S-Methyl thioacetate is a flavouring agent Found in melon, strawberry, passion fruit, onion, cheese, cooked meats, beer, whiskies, wines and coffee. Flavouring agent
Dimethyl carbonate
Dimethyl carbonate is used for cold sterilisation of beverages. Effective against typical beverage-spoiling microorganisms, like yeasts and fermentative bacteria Dimethyl carbonate, often abbreviated DMC, is a flammable clear liquid boiling at 90 °C. It has recently found use as a methylating reagent. Its main benefit over other methylating reagents such as iodomethane and dimethyl sulfate is its lesser toxicity and its biodegradability. Also, it is now prepared from catalytic oxidative carbonylation of methanol with carbon monoxide and oxygen, instead of from phosgene making its production non-toxic and environmentally friendly. This allows dimethyl carbonate to be considered a green reagent
1-Mercapto-2-propanone
1-Mercapto-2-propanone is found in animal foods. 1-Mercapto-2-propanone is present in pork volatiles. 1-Mercapto-2-propanone is used in roast pork flavour Present in pork volatiles. It is used in roast pork flavours. 1-Mercapto-2-propanone is found in animal foods.
(Methylthio)acetaldehyde
(Methylthio)acetaldehyde is a flavouring ingredien Flavouring ingredient
Methoxyacetic acid
Methoxyacetic acid belongs to the family of Carboxylic Acids. These are compounds containing a carboxylic acid group with the formula -C(=O)OH. D007155 - Immunologic Factors > D007166 - Immunosuppressive Agents Methoxyacetic acid is an endogenous metabolite.
1-(Methylthio)-propane
1-(Methylthio)-propane belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dialkylthioethers. These are organosulfur compounds containing a thioether group that is substituted by two alkyl groups.
Methanol, (methyl-ONN-azoxy)-
D009676 - Noxae > D000477 - Alkylating Agents D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens D009676 - Noxae > D013723 - Teratogens
n-Butylhydroperoxide
D009676 - Noxae > D016877 - Oxidants > D010545 - Peroxides
allylsulfenate
Allylsulfenate, also known as allylsulfenic acid or 2-propenesulfenic acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as allyl sulfur compounds. Allyl sulfur compounds are compounds containing an allylsulfur group, with the general structure H2C(=CH2)CS. Allylsulfenate is soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Allylsulfenate can be found in a number of food items such as wax gourd, acorn, pineappple sage, and calabash, which makes allylsulfenate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
D-(-)-Lactic acid
Lactic acid, also known as lactate, plays several important biological roles in living organisms. Here are some of its key functions: Energy Production: Lactic acid is a crucial intermediate in the process of anaerobic glycolysis, which occurs in cells when oxygen is limited. During intense exercise, for example, muscle cells produce lactic acid as a byproduct of breaking down glucose for energy without using oxygen. This process helps sustain muscle activity when oxygen supply is insufficient. pH Regulation: Lactic acid serves as a pH buffer in the blood and other bodily fluids. It helps maintain the acid-base balance by accepting or donating hydrogen ions (H+), thereby preventing large fluctuations in pH that could be harmful to cellular processes. Hemoglobin Oxygen Release: Lactic acid can also influence the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen. In tissues with high lactic acid concentrations (like exercising muscles), lactic acid binds to hemoglobin, causing a conformational change that promotes the release of oxygen. This is known as the Bohr effect. Cell Signaling: Lactate can act as a signaling molecule in various physiological processes. It has been shown to play a role in cell proliferation, inflammation, and immune response. Lactate can modulate the activity of immune cells and may contribute to the regulation of inflammation. Metabolic Regulation: Lactic acid is an important component in the metabolic network. It can be converted back into glucose in the liver through a process called gluconeogenesis, providing a source of energy for other tissues, including the brain, when carbohydrates are scarce. Antioxidant Properties: Lactic acid can function as an antioxidant, helping to protect cells from oxidative stress and damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Preservation of Foods: In food industry, lactic acid is used as a preservative due to its antimicrobial properties. It can inhibit the growth of bacteria and extend the shelf life of various food products.
lactic acid
G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G01 - Gynecological antiinfectives and antiseptics > G01A - Antiinfectives and antiseptics, excl. combinations with corticosteroids > G01AD - Organic acids 2-hydroxypropanoic acid, also known as lactic acid or lactate, belongs to alpha hydroxy acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are organic compounds containing a carboxylic acid substituted with a hydroxyl group on the adjacent carbon. 2-hydroxypropanoic acid is soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid can be synthesized from propionic acid. 2-hydroxypropanoic acid is also a parent compound for other transformation products, including but not limited to, ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate, 3-(imidazol-5-yl)lactic acid, and lactate ester. 2-hydroxypropanoic acid is an odorless tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as sunflower, potato, apple, and ginkgo nuts, which makes 2-hydroxypropanoic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 2-hydroxypropanoic acid is a drug which is used for use as an alkalinizing agent. In animals, L-lactate is constantly produced from pyruvate via the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in a process of fermentation during normal metabolism and exercise. It does not increase in concentration until the rate of lactate production exceeds the rate of lactate removal, which is governed by a number of factors, including monocarboxylate transporters, concentration and isoform of LDH, and oxidative capacity of tissues. The concentration of blood lactate is usually 1–2 mmol/L at rest, but can rise to over 20 mmol/L during intense exertion and as high as 25 mmol/L afterward . Lactate (Lactate acid) is the product of glycolysis. Lactate is produced by oxygen lack in contracting skeletal muscle in vivo, and can be removed under fully aerobic conditions. Lactate can be as a hemodynamic marker in the critically ill[1][2]. Lactate (Lactate acid) is the product of glycolysis. Lactate is produced by oxygen lack in contracting skeletal muscle in vivo, and can be removed under fully aerobic conditions. Lactate can be as a hemodynamic marker in the critically ill[1][2].
Dihydroxyacetone
A ketotriose consisting of acetone bearing hydroxy substituents at positions 1 and 3. The simplest member of the class of ketoses and the parent of the class of glycerones. 1,3-Dihydroxyacetone (DHA), the main active ingredient in sunless tanning skin-care preparations and an important precursor for the synthesis of various fine chemicals, is produced on an industrial scale by microbial fermentation of glycerol over Gluconobacter oxydans[1]. 1,3-Dihydroxyacetone (DHA), the main active ingredient in sunless tanning skin-care preparations and an important precursor for the synthesis of various fine chemicals, is produced on an industrial scale by microbial fermentation of glycerol over Gluconobacter oxydans[1].
Glyceraldehyde
An aldotriose comprising propanal having hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions. It plays role in the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), a deleterious accompaniment to ageing. DL-Glyceraldehyde is a monosaccharide. DL-Glyceraldehyde is the simplest aldose. DL-Glyceraldehyde can be used for various biochemical studies[1].
Hydroxypropionic acid
A 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the terminal carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group. Hydroxypropionic acid, also known as 3-hydroxypropionate or hydracrylic acid, belongs to beta hydroxy acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are compounds containing a carboxylic acid substituted with a hydroxyl group on the C3 carbon atom. Hydroxypropionic acid is soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Hydroxypropionic acid can be synthesized from propionic acid. Hydroxypropionic acid is also a parent compound for other transformation products, including but not limited to, beta-propiolactone, ascr#5, and 3-hydroxypropanoyl-CoA. Hydroxypropionic acid can be found in a number of food items such as apple, poppy, yam, and cupuaçu, which makes hydroxypropionic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Hydroxypropionic acid can be found primarily in blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), feces, and urine. Hydroxypropionic acid exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, hydroxypropionic acid is involved in the propanoate metabolism. Hydroxypropionic acid is also involved in few metabolic disorders, which include malonic aciduria, malonyl-coa decarboxylase deficiency, and methylmalonic aciduria due to cobalamin-related disorders. Moreover, hydroxypropionic acid is found to be associated with biotinidase deficiency and propionic acidemia. Hydroxypropionic acid is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. Hydroxypropanoic acid, or alternately hydroxypropionic acid, may refer to either of two isomeric chemical compounds: 3-Hydroxypropionic acid (hydracrylic acid) Lactic acid (2-hydroxypropanoic acid) . Chronically high levels of hydroxypropionic acid are associated with at least 5 inborn errors of metabolism including: Biotinidase deficiency, Malonic Aciduria, Methylmalonate Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency, Methylmalonic Aciduria, Methylmalonic, Aciduria Due to Cobalamin-Related Disorders and Propionic acidemia (T3DB).
2,3-butanediol
2,3-Butanediol is a butanediol derived from the bioconversion of natural resources[1]. 2,3-Butanediol is a butanediol derived from the bioconversion of natural resources[1].
L-Lactic acid
L-Lactic acid is a buildiing block which can be used as a precursor for the production of the bioplastic polymer poly-lactic acid. L-Lactic acid is a buildiing block which can be used as a precursor for the production of the bioplastic polymer poly-lactic acid.
Butylene glycol
1,3-Butanediol, an ethanol dimer providing a source of calories for human nutrition. 1,3-Butanediol is converted in the body to β-hydroxybutyrate and has cerebral protective and hypoglycaemic effect[1][2].
Methoxyacetic acid
D007155 - Immunologic Factors > D007166 - Immunosuppressive Agents Methoxyacetic acid is an endogenous metabolite.
Methyl propyl sulfide
1-(methylthio)-propane is a member of the class of compounds known as dialkylthioethers. Dialkylthioethers are organosulfur compounds containing a thioether group that is substituted by two alkyl groups. 1-(methylthio)-propane is an alliaceous, creamy, and green tasting compound found in kohlrabi, which makes 1-(methylthio)-propane a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. 1-(methylthio)-propane can be found primarily in feces and saliva.
N-Methylthiourea
A member of the class of thioureas that is thiourea in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a methyl group.
tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide
D009676 - Noxae > D016877 - Oxidants > D010545 - Peroxides
1,2-butanediol
A butane-1,2-diol of S-configuration. A butane-1,2-diol of R-configuration.
1-Methoxy-2-propanol
It is used as a food additive .
Carbamimidothioic acid, methyl ester
D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors
Soleal
1,3-Dihydroxyacetone (DHA), the main active ingredient in sunless tanning skin-care preparations and an important precursor for the synthesis of various fine chemicals, is produced on an industrial scale by microbial fermentation of glycerol over Gluconobacter oxydans[1]. 1,3-Dihydroxyacetone (DHA), the main active ingredient in sunless tanning skin-care preparations and an important precursor for the synthesis of various fine chemicals, is produced on an industrial scale by microbial fermentation of glycerol over Gluconobacter oxydans[1].
(2R,3R)-2,3-Butanediol
(2R,3R)-2,3-Butanediol is found in cocoa and cocoa products. (2R,3R)-2,3-Butanediol is isolated from cocoa butter and roots of Ruta graveolens (rue).2,3-Butanediol is one of the constitutional isomers of butanediol. The 2R,3R stereoisomer of 2,3-butanediol is produced by a variety of microorganisms, in a process known as butanediol fermentation. It is found in cocoa butter and in the roots of Ruta graveolens. (Wikipedia). Isolated from cocoa butter and roots of Ruta graveolens (rue) (2R,3R)-Butane-2,3-diol is an endogenous metabolite. (2R,3R)-Butane-2,3-diol is an endogenous metabolite.
(Aminooxy)acetate
D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018682 - GABA Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors
Sarcosinium
An alpha-amino-acid cation that is the conjugate acid of sarcosine, arising from protonation of the amino group.
(±)-2,3-Butanediol
The (R,R) diastereoisomer of butane-2,3-diol. (2R,3R)-Butane-2,3-diol is an endogenous metabolite. (2R,3R)-Butane-2,3-diol is an endogenous metabolite.
Methoxyacetic acid
A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a methoxy group. D007155 - Immunologic Factors > D007166 - Immunosuppressive Agents Methoxyacetic acid is an endogenous metabolite.
butane-1,2-diol
A butanediol in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 1 and 2.
S-allylsulfenic acid
An S-alkylsulfenic acid in which the alkyl group is specified as allyl.
1,1-DIMETHOXYETHANE
An acetal that is dimethoxymethane substituted by a methyl group at position 1.
Hydroxymethylimino-methyl-oxidoazanium
D009676 - Noxae > D000477 - Alkylating Agents D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens D009676 - Noxae > D013723 - Teratogens
rac-lactic acid
A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-lactic acid.
(Z)-propanethial S-oxide
A propanethial S-oxide in which the double bond adopts a Z-configuration.
(E)-propanethial S-oxide
A propanethial S-oxide in which the double bond adopts an E-configuration.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid
A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.
Propanethial S-oxide
A thiocarbonyl compound that is propanethial in which the sulfur atom carries an oxo group. It is a lachrymatory factor found in onions.
1-oxide thietane
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