Pentoxifylline (BioDeep_00000002537)

 

Secondary id: BioDeep_00000405982

human metabolite blood metabolite Chemicals and Drugs Volatile Flavor Compounds


代谢物信息卡片


3,7-dimethyl-1-(5-oxohexyl)-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione

化学式: C13H18N4O3 (278.1378838)
中文名称: 己酮可可碱
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 Viridiplantae(plant) 16.08%

分子结构信息

SMILES: CC(=O)CCCCN1C(=O)C2=C(N=CN2C)N(C1=O)C
InChI: InChI=1S/C13H18N4O3/c1-9(18)6-4-5-7-17-12(19)10-11(14-8-15(10)2)16(3)13(17)20/h8H,4-7H2,1-3H3

描述信息

Pentoxifylline is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a methylxanthine derivative that inhibits phosphodiesterase and affects blood rheology. It improves blood flow by increasing erythrocyte and leukocyte flexibility. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. Pentoxifylline modulates immunologic activity by stimulating cytokine production. [PubChem]Pentoxifylline inhibits erythrocyte phosphodiesterase, resulting in an increase in erythrocyte cAMP activity. Subsequently, the erythrocyte membrane becomes more resistant to deformity. Along with erythrocyte activity, pentoxifylline also decreases blood viscosity by reducing plasma fibrinogen concentrations and increasing fibrinolytic activity. It is also a non selective adenosine receptor antagonist.
C - Cardiovascular system > C04 - Peripheral vasodilators > C04A - Peripheral vasodilators > C04AD - Purine derivatives
COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials
C78275 - Agent Affecting Blood or Body Fluid > C1327 - Antiplatelet Agent
D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D010975 - Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors
D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D010726 - Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors
D020011 - Protective Agents > D011837 - Radiation-Protective Agents
D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents
C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C744 - Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor
D000975 - Antioxidants > D016166 - Free Radical Scavengers
D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8614
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2267
Corona-virus
Coronavirus
SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19
SARS-CoV
COVID19
SARS2
SARS

同义名列表

9 个代谢物同义名

3,7-dimethyl-1-(5-oxohexyl)-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione; Oxpentifylline; pentoxifylline; Agapurin; Torental; Pentoxil; Trental; EHT0201; Pentoxifylline



数据库引用编号

27 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

PlantCyc(0)

代谢反应

0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(0)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

1 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。



文献列表

  • Mohammadreza Mirzaei, Firoozeh Akbari Asbagh, Majid Safavi, Mir Saeed Yekaninejad, Roja Rahimi, Gholamreza Pourmand, Mehrdad Karimi, Azizeh Farshbaf-Khalili, Somayyeh Sarrafi. Phoenix dactylifera L. pollen versus pentoxifylline on improvement of sperm parameters in idiopathic male infertility: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2024 Aug; 330(?):118168. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118168. [PMID: 38604508]
  • Pei Li, Jun-Min Chen, Shi-Hao Ge, Mei-Lin Sun, Jun-Dong Lu, Fan Liu, Le-Le Wang, Xin Zhang, Xiao-Peng Wang. Pentoxifylline protects against cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury through ferroptosis regulation via the Nrf2/SLC7A11/GPX4 signalling pathway. European journal of pharmacology. 2024 Mar; 967(?):176402. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176402. [PMID: 38331339]
  • Lihong Chen, Yun Gao, Ming Liu, Qiu Li, Chunmao Han, Yue Zhao, Binghui Li, Jun Xu, Yan Dai, Pei Li, Jianli Li, Yuanyuan Li, Xingwu Ran. Efficacy and safety of pentoxifylline for chronic venous leg ulcers: study protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial in China (ESPECT study). Trials. 2023 Aug; 24(1):491. doi: 10.1186/s13063-023-07547-y. [PMID: 37533132]
  • Layla Al-Kharashi, Hala Attia, Aljazzy Alsaffi, Toka Almasri, Maha Arafa, Iman Hasan, Hanaa Alajami, Rehab Ali, Amira Badr. Pentoxifylline and thiamine ameliorate rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury in rats via suppressing TLR4/NF-κB and NLRP-3/caspase-1/gasdermin mediated-pyroptosis. Toxicology and applied pharmacology. 2023 Feb; 461(?):116387. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116387. [PMID: 36690085]
  • Monireh Mahmoodi, Sepideh Bakhshi, Firouzeh Sadeghzadeh. Neutralizing the adverse effects of cyclophosphamide on the mouse testis and sperm parameters through pentoxifylline: A molecular and stereological study. Andrologia. 2022 Nov; 54(10):e14543. doi: 10.1111/and.14543. [PMID: 36177654]
  • Dongqin Xu, Wenhao Zhao, Yiting Feng, Xiao Wen, Hanxiao Liu, Jie Ping. Pentoxifylline attenuates nonalcoholic fatty liver by inhibiting hepatic macrophage polarization to the M1 phenotype. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology. 2022 Nov; 106(?):154368. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154368. [PMID: 35994850]
  • Janaína de Pina Carvalho, Sarah Nascimento Silva, Mariana Lourenço Freire, Líndicy Leidicy Alves, Carolina Senra Alves de Souza, Gláucia Cota. The cure rate after different treatments for mucosal leishmaniasis in the Americas: A systematic review. PLoS neglected tropical diseases. 2022 11; 16(11):e0010931. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010931. [PMID: 36395328]
  • Jessica Santana de Oliveira, Alluanan Adelson do Nascimento Silva, Fernanda Carolina Ribeiro Dias, Elizabeth Lopes de Oliveira, Emanuel Felipe de Oliveira Filho, Pierre Castro Soares, Catarina Michelle de Oliveira Ferreira, Valdemiro Amaro da Silva Junior. Histomorphometric and oxidative evaluation of the offspring's testis from type 2 diabetic female rats treated with metformin and pentoxifylline. International journal of experimental pathology. 2022 10; 103(5):174-189. doi: 10.1111/iep.12446. [PMID: 35734873]
  • Mohammed Alorabi, Simona Cavalu, Hayder M Al-Kuraishy, Ali I Al-Gareeb, Gomaa Mostafa-Hedeab, Walaa A Negm, Amal Youssef, Aya H El-Kadem, Hebatallah M Saad, Gaber El-Saber Batiha. Pentoxifylline and berberine mitigate diclofenac-induced acute nephrotoxicity in male rats via modulation of inflammation and oxidative stress. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie. 2022 Aug; 152(?):113225. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113225. [PMID: 35671584]
  • Nasrin Asadi, Shohreh Roozmeh, Homeira Vafaei, Naeimehossadat Asmarian, Akram Jamshidzadeh, Khadije Bazrafshan, Maryam Kasraeian, Azam Faraji, Zahra Shiravani, Ali Mokhtar Pour, Shaghayegh Moradi Alamdarloo, Nazanin Abdi, Fereshte Gharibpour, Sedigheh Izze. Effectiveness of pentoxifylline in severe early-onset fetal growth restriction: A randomized double-blinded clinical trial. Taiwanese journal of obstetrics & gynecology. 2022 Jul; 61(4):612-619. doi: 10.1016/j.tjog.2021.12.003. [PMID: 35779909]
  • Gomaa Mostafa-Hedeab, Hayder M Al-Kuraishy, Ali I Al-Gareeb, Philippe Jeandet, Hebatallah M Saad, Gaber El-Saber Batiha. A raising dawn of pentoxifylline in management of inflammatory disorders in Covid-19. Inflammopharmacology. 2022 Jun; 30(3):799-809. doi: 10.1007/s10787-022-00993-1. [PMID: 35486310]
  • Ahmet S Yalçınkaya, Mehmet Ramazan Şekeroğlu, Zübeyir Huyut, Erdem Çokluk, Hanefi Özbek, Gürkan Öztürk, Ragıp Balahoroğlu. The levels of nitrite, nitrate and lipid peroxidation in diabetic mouse brain: the effect of melatonin and pentoxifylline. Archives of physiology and biochemistry. 2022 Jun; 128(3):795-801. doi: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1727528. [PMID: 32070146]
  • Salvatore Giovanni Vitale, Marco Palumbo, Agnese Maria Chiara Rapisarda, Jose Carugno, Cristina Conde-López, Nicolas Mendoza, Raquel Mendoza-Tesarik, Jan Tesarik. Use of pentoxifylline during ovarian stimulation to improve oocyte and embryo quality: A retrospective study. Journal of gynecology obstetrics and human reproduction. 2022 Jun; 51(6):102398. doi: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2022.102398. [PMID: 35508290]
  • J W Martha, R Pranata, W M Raffaello, A Wibowo, M R Akbar. The role of pentoxifylline in preventing contrast-induced nephropathy in coronary angiography/intervention - systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences. 2022 05; 26(9):3310-3319. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202205_28750. [PMID: 35587083]
  • Vishal N Pavitrakar, Rustom Mody, Selvan Ravindran. Protective effects of recombinant human golimumab and pentoxifylline in nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin. Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology. 2022 Apr; 36(4):e22990. doi: 10.1002/jbt.22990. [PMID: 35174923]
  • H Jervoise N Andreyev, Jennifer Matthews, Carolyn Adams, Lone Gothard, Claire Lucy, Holly Tovey, Sue Boyle, Selvakumar Anbalagan, Annette Musallam, John Yarnold, David Abraham, Judith Bliss, Bahja Ahmed Abdi, Alexandra Taylor, Martin Hauer-Jensen. Randomised single centre double-blind placebo controlled phase II trial of Tocovid SupraBio in combination with pentoxifylline in patients suffering long-term gastrointestinal adverse effects of radiotherapy for pelvic cancer: The PPALM study. Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology. 2022 03; 168(?):130-137. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2022.01.024. [PMID: 35093409]
  • Daniel Janitschke, Anna Andrea Lauer, Cornel Manuel Bachmann, Jakob Winkler, Lea Victoria Griebsch, Sabrina Melanie Pilz, Elena Leoni Theiss, Heike Sabine Grimm, Tobias Hartmann, Marcus Otto Walter Grimm. Methylxanthines Induce a Change in the AD/Neurodegeneration-Linked Lipid Profile in Neuroblastoma Cells. International journal of molecular sciences. 2022 Feb; 23(4):. doi: 10.3390/ijms23042295. [PMID: 35216410]
  • Devaraj Ezhilarasan, Thangavelu Lakshmi. A Molecular Insight into the Role of Antioxidants in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity. 2022; 2022(?):9233650. doi: 10.1155/2022/9233650. [PMID: 35602098]
  • Xinyu Liang, Yuzhen Wang, Cheng Zhao, Yemin Cao. Systematic review the efficacy and safety of cilostazol, pentoxifylline, beraprost in the treatment of intermittent claudication: A network meta-analysis. PloS one. 2022; 17(11):e0275392. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275392. [PMID: 36318524]
  • M Maden, R Yildiz, R Çöl, M Arican, M Ider, K Parlak, B Tras. The clinical efficacy of pentoxifylline and l-glutamine on ischemia and reperfusion injury in cattle with displaced abomasum: a longitudinal study. Polish journal of veterinary sciences. 2021 Dec; 24(4):595-605. doi: 10.24425/pjvs.2021.139985. [PMID: 35179847]
  • A Fouda, A E Abdelaziz, M Hussien, A A Ali, K S Abdelkawy, F Elbarbry. A randomized controlled trial comparing the effects of Vitamin E, Ursodeoxycholic acid and Pentoxifylline on Egyptian non-alcoholic steatohepatitis patients. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences. 2021 Dec; 25(23):7449-7459. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202112_27442. [PMID: 34919247]
  • Hanieh Azizi, Nima Rouhani, Fatemeh Shaki, Elahe Karimpour-Razkenari, Monireh Ghazaeian, Ebrahim Salehifar, Majid Saeedi, Sahar Fallah. Pentoxifylline effects on hospitalized patients with COVID19: A randomized, double-blind clinical trial. International immunopharmacology. 2021 Dec; 101(Pt B):108227. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108227. [PMID: 34666302]
  • John M Thomason, Todd M Archer, Robert W Wills, Andrew J Mackin. Effects of pentoxifylline on canine platelet aggregation. Veterinary medicine and science. 2021 11; 7(6):2178-2184. doi: 10.1002/vms3.595. [PMID: 34358418]
  • Joanna Zdziennicka, Andrzej Junkuszew, Michał Latalski, Michał Świeca, Joanna Wessely-Szponder. Long-term Interactions of Circulating Neutrophils with Titanium Implants, the Role of Platelets in Regulation of Leukocyte Function. International journal of molecular sciences. 2021 Sep; 22(18):. doi: 10.3390/ijms221810060. [PMID: 34576225]
  • Ekram Nemr Abd Al Haleem, Fatma Al-Zahraa Mohamed Ibrahim, Sawsan Abo Bakr Zaytoon, Hossam Mohamed Mohamed Arafa. Possible protective effect of TNF-α inhibition and triad NO/cGMP/VEGF activation on gastric ulcer in rats. Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology. 2021 Sep; 99(9):864-874. doi: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0725. [PMID: 33400612]
  • David J Leehey, Kimberly Carlson, Domenic J Reda, Ian Craig, Christina Clise, Todd A Conner, Rajiv Agarwal, James S Kaufman, Robert J Anderson, Douglas Lammie, Jeffrey Huminik, Linda Polzin, Conor McBurney, Grant D Huang, Nicholas V Emanuele. Pentoxifylline in diabetic kidney disease (VA PTXRx): protocol for a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. BMJ open. 2021 08; 11(8):e053019. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053019. [PMID: 34400461]
  • Seyed Ruhollah Mousavinasab, Zohreh Akhoundi-Meybodi, Laleh Mahmoudi, Iman Karimzadeh. A randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial on protective effects of pentoxifylline on gentamicin nephrotoxicity in infectious patients. Clinical and experimental nephrology. 2021 Aug; 25(8):844-853. doi: 10.1007/s10157-021-02032-9. [PMID: 33792832]
  • Walaa Wadie, Nermeen S Abdel-Razek, Hesham A Salem. Phosphodiesterase (1, 3 & 5) inhibitors attenuate diclofenac-induced acute kidney toxicity in rats. Life sciences. 2021 Jul; 277(?):119506. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119506. [PMID: 33865881]
  • Selma Regina Penha Silva Cerqueira, Patrícia Duarte Deps, Débora Vilela Cunha, Natanael Victor Furtunato Bezerra, Daniel Holanda Barroso, Ana Bárbara Sapienza Pinheiro, Gecilmara Salviato Pillegi, Taynah Alves Rocha Repsold, Patrícia Shu Kurizky, Simon M Collin, Ciro Martins Gomes. The influence of leprosy-related clinical and epidemiological variables in the occurrence and severity of COVID-19: A prospective real-world cohort study. PLoS neglected tropical diseases. 2021 07; 15(7):e0009635. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009635. [PMID: 34319982]
  • Hagar M El-Sadek, Muhammad Y Al-Shorbagy, Magdy M Awny, Dalaal M Abdallah, Hanan S El-Abhar. Pentoxifylline treatment alleviates kidney ischemia/reperfusion injury: Novel involvement of galectin-3 and ASK-1/JNK & ERK1/2/NF-κB/HMGB-1 trajectories. Journal of pharmacological sciences. 2021 Jul; 146(3):136-148. doi: 10.1016/j.jphs.2021.03.011. [PMID: 34030796]
  • Geoffrey C Wall, Hayden L Smith, Matthew W Trump, Jason D Mohr, Samuel P DuMontier, Becca L Sabates, Iaswarya Ganapathiraju, Tim J Kable. Pentoxifylline or theophylline use in hospitalized COVID-19 patients requiring oxygen support. The clinical respiratory journal. 2021 Jul; 15(7):843-846. doi: 10.1111/crj.13363. [PMID: 33735520]
  • Jing-Hung Fang, Yi-Chen Chen, Chung-Han Ho, Jui-Yi Chen, Chung-Hsi Hsing, Fu-Wen Liang, Chia-Chun Wu. The risk of major bleeding event in patients with chronic kidney disease on pentoxifylline treatment. Scientific reports. 2021 06; 11(1):13521. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-92753-4. [PMID: 34188087]
  • Mark J Henderson, Kathleen A Trychta, Shyh-Ming Yang, Susanne Bäck, Adam Yasgar, Emily S Wires, Carina Danchik, Xiaokang Yan, Hideaki Yano, Lei Shi, Kuo-Jen Wu, Amy Q Wang, Dingyin Tao, Gergely Zahoránszky-Kőhalmi, Xin Hu, Xin Xu, David Maloney, Alexey V Zakharov, Ganesha Rai, Fumihiko Urano, Mikko Airavaara, Oksana Gavrilova, Ajit Jadhav, Yun Wang, Anton Simeonov, Brandon K Harvey. A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome. Cell reports. 2021 04; 35(4):109040. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109040. [PMID: 33910017]
  • Sarit Uzzan, Abed N Azab. Anti-TNF-α Compounds as a Treatment for Depression. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2021 Apr; 26(8):. doi: 10.3390/molecules26082368. [PMID: 33921721]
  • Ling Wei, Weizhi Zhang, Yifeng Yang, Dongping Li. Pentoxifylline for the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ open. 2021 04; 11(4):e043436. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043436. [PMID: 33945499]
  • Morteza Ghasemnejad-Berenji, Sarvin Pashapour, Sonia Sadeghpour. Pentoxifylline: A Drug with Antiviral and Anti-Inflammatory Effects to Be Considered in the Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019. Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre. 2021; 30(1):98-100. doi: 10.1159/000512234. [PMID: 33049737]
  • Valente Maldonado, Claudia Hernandez-Ramírez, Eniel Alonso Oliva-Pérez, César Omar Sánchez-Martínez, Jorge Fabián Pimentel-González, José Raúl Molina-Sánchez, Yeimmy Zuyenn Jiménez-Villalba, Jaime Chávez-Alderete, Marco A Loza-Mejía. Pentoxifylline decreases serum LDH levels and increases lymphocyte count in COVID-19 patients: Results from an external pilot study. International immunopharmacology. 2021 Jan; 90(?):107209. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107209. [PMID: 33278747]
  • Atefeh Gholami, Sara Ataei, Davoud Ahmadimoghaddam, Navid Omidifar, Amir Nili-Ahmadabadi. Pentoxifylline Attenuates Arsenic Trioxide-Induced Cardiac Oxidative Damage in Mice. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity. 2021; 2021(?):6406318. doi: 10.1155/2021/6406318. [PMID: 33505582]
  • Daniel Janitschke, Anna A Lauer, Cornel M Bachmann, Martin Seyfried, Heike S Grimm, Tobias Hartmann, Marcus O W Grimm. Unique Role of Caffeine Compared to Other Methylxanthines (Theobromine, Theophylline, Pentoxifylline, Propentofylline) in Regulation of AD Relevant Genes in Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Wild Type Cells. International journal of molecular sciences. 2020 Nov; 21(23):. doi: 10.3390/ijms21239015. [PMID: 33260941]
  • Faezeh Monji, Abrar Al-Mahmood Siddiquee, Farshad Hashemian. Can pentoxifylline and similar xanthine derivatives find a niche in COVID-19 therapeutic strategies? A ray of hope in the midst of the pandemic. European journal of pharmacology. 2020 Nov; 887(?):173561. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173561. [PMID: 32946870]
  • Valente Maldonado, Marco A Loza-Mejía, Jaime Chávez-Alderete. Repositioning of pentoxifylline as an immunomodulator and regulator of the renin-angiotensin system in the treatment of COVID-19. Medical hypotheses. 2020 Nov; 144(?):109988. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109988. [PMID: 32540603]
  • Moslem Sedaghattalab, Valiollah Talebi, Leila Manzouri, Rozina A Larki, Amir H Doustimotlagh. Effect of Pentoxifylline on Inflammatory Cytokines, Adequacy of Dialysis, Anemia and Biochemical Markers of Hemodialysis Patients: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Clinical laboratory. 2020 Oct; 66(10):. doi: 10.7754/clin.lab.2020.191257. [PMID: 33073938]
  • James J DiNicolantonio, Jorge Barroso-Aranda. Harnessing adenosine A2A receptors as a strategy for suppressing the lung inflammation and thrombotic complications of COVID-19: Potential of pentoxifylline and dipyridamole. Medical hypotheses. 2020 Oct; 143(?):110051. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110051. [PMID: 32650197]
  • Maiara Destro Inacio, Mariana Campos Costa, Tayra Ferreira Oliveira Lima, Ingrid Delbone Figueiredo, Bruno Pereira Motta, Luís Carlos Spolidorio, Renata Pires Assis, Iguatemy Lourenço Brunetti, Amanda Martins Baviera. Pentoxifylline mitigates renal glycoxidative stress in obese mice by inhibiting AGE/RAGE signaling and increasing glyoxalase levels. Life sciences. 2020 Oct; 258(?):118196. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118196. [PMID: 32763295]
  • Stelios F Assimakopoulos, Fotios Seintis, Markos Marangos. Pentoxifylline and complicated COVID-19: A pathophysiologically based treatment proposal. Medical hypotheses. 2020 10; 143(?):109926. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109926. [PMID: 32485316]
  • B R Mattos, G F Bonacio, T R Vitorino, V T Garcia, J H Amaral, R Dellalibera-Joviliano, S C Franca, J E Tanus-Santos, E Rizzi. TNF-α inhibition decreases MMP-2 activity, reactive oxygen species formation and improves hypertensive vascular hypertrophy independent of its effects on blood pressure. Biochemical pharmacology. 2020 10; 180(?):114121. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114121. [PMID: 32592722]
  • Hekmat M El Magdoub, Mona F Schaalan, Rania M Rahmo, Doaa B Farag, Lobna H Khedr. Implications of miRNAs on TGF-β/TAK1/mTOR pathway in mediating the renoprotective effects of pentoxifylline against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Toxicology and applied pharmacology. 2020 10; 404(?):115184. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115184. [PMID: 32777238]
  • Yosra Ben Ariba, Sonia Achouch, Marwa Omrani, Imen Ourteni, Jannet Labidi. Two Peculiarities of the Nutcracker Syndrome: Rare Association with Multiples Thrombosis and Successful Medical Treatment (Pentoxifylline). Saudi journal of kidney diseases and transplantation : an official publication of the Saudi Center for Organ Transplantation, Saudi Arabia. 2020 Sep; 31(5):1129-1133. doi: 10.4103/1319-2442.301182. [PMID: 33229780]
  • Mohamed M Elseweidy, Sahar E Elswefy, Nahla N Younis, Shaden Tarek. The modulation of PCSK-9 and GAGs by 10-dehydrogingerdione and pentoxifylline in hyperlipidemic rabbits. Natural product research. 2020 Aug; 34(16):2372-2377. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1536134. [PMID: 30580599]
  • Bruce M Hendry, Nina Stafford, Ahran D Arnold, Arvind Sangwaiya, Vijay Manglam, Stuart D Rosen, Jayantha Arnold. Hypothesis: Pentoxifylline is a potential cytokine modulator therapeutic in COVID-19 patients. Pharmacology research & perspectives. 2020 08; 8(4):e00631. doi: 10.1002/prp2.631. [PMID: 32715661]
  • Amir Feily, Kian Daneshpay, Arash Alighadr. COVID-19: Pentoxifylline as a potential adjuvant treatment. International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2020 Jul; 58(7):406-407. doi: 10.5414/cp203782. [PMID: 32449676]
  • H González-Pacheco, L M Amezcua-Guerra, J Sandoval, A Arias-Mendoza. Potential usefulness of pentoxifylline, a non-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor with anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, antioxidant, and anti-fibrogenic properties, in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences. 2020 07; 24(13):7494-7496. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202007_21921. [PMID: 32706089]
  • Farnoosh Seirafianpour, Samaneh Mozafarpoor, Nima Fattahi, Afsaneh Sadeghzadeh-Bazargan, Melika Hanifiha, Azadeh Goodarzi. Treatment of COVID-19 with pentoxifylline: Could it be a potential adjuvant therapy?. Dermatologic therapy. 2020 Jul; 33(4):e13733. doi: 10.1111/dth.13733. [PMID: 32473070]
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