NCBI Taxonomy: 1150913
Portulaca oleracea subsp. oleracea (ncbi_taxid: 1150913)
found 46 associated metabolites at subspecies taxonomy rank level.
Ancestor: Portulaca oleracea
Child Taxonomies: none taxonomy data.
Liquiritin
Liquiritin is a flavanone glycoside that is liquiritigenin attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an anticoronaviral agent and an anti-inflammatory agent. It is a flavanone glycoside, a beta-D-glucoside, a monosaccharide derivative and a monohydroxyflavanone. It is functionally related to a liquiritigenin. Liquiritin is a natural product found in Polygonum aviculare, Artemisia capillaris, and other organisms with data available. See also: Glycyrrhiza Glabra (part of); Glycyrrhiza uralensis Root (part of). Liquiritin is found in herbs and spices. Liquiritin is isolated from Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) and Glycyrrhiza uralensis (Chinese licorice Liquiritin, a flavonoid isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, is a potent and competitive AKR1C1 inhibitor with IC50s of 0.62 μM, 0.61 μM, and 3.72μM for AKR1C1, AKR1C2 and AKR1C3, respectively. Liquiritin efficiently inhibits progesterone metabolism mediated by AKR1C1 in vivo[1]. Liquiritin acts as an antioxidant and has neuroprotective, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activity[2]. Liquiritin, a flavonoid isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, is a potent and competitive AKR1C1 inhibitor with IC50s of 0.62 μM, 0.61 μM, and 3.72μM for AKR1C1, AKR1C2 and AKR1C3, respectively. Liquiritin efficiently inhibits progesterone metabolism mediated by AKR1C1 in vivo[1]. Liquiritin acts as an antioxidant and has neuroprotective, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activity[2].
Hesperidin
Hesperidin is an abundant and inexpensive by-product of Citrus cultivation and is the major flavonoid in sweet orange and lemon. In young immature oranges it can account for up to 14\\\\% of the fresh weight of the fruit. Hesperidin is an abundant and inexpensive by-product of Citrus cultivation and is the major flavonoid in sweet orange and lemon. In young immature oranges it can account for up to 14\\\\% of the fresh weight of the fruit due to vitamin C deficiency such as bruising due to capillary fragility were found in early studies to be relieved by crude vitamin C extract but not by purified vitamin C. The bioflavonoids, formerly called "vitamin P", were found to be the essential components in correcting this bruising tendency and improving the permeability and integrity of the capillary lining. These bioflavonoids include hesperidin, citrin, rutin, flavones, flavonols, catechin and quercetin. Of historical importance is the observation that "citrin", a mixture of two flavonoids, eriodictyol and hesperidin, was considered to possess a vitamin-like activity, as early as in 1949. Hesperidin deficiency has since been linked with abnormal capillary leakiness as well as pain in the extremities causing aches, weakness and night leg cramps. Supplemental hesperidin also helps in reducing oedema or excess swelling in the legs due to fluid accumulation. As with other bioflavonoids, hesperidin works best when administered concomitantly with vitamin C. No signs of toxicity have been observed with normal intake of hesperidin. Hesperidin was first discovered in 1827, by Lebreton, but not in a pure state and has been under continuous investigation since then (PMID:11746857). Hesperidin is a disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a mutagen. It is a disaccharide derivative, a member of 3-hydroxyflavanones, a dihydroxyflavanone, a monomethoxyflavanone, a flavanone glycoside, a member of 4-methoxyflavanones and a rutinoside. It is functionally related to a hesperetin. Hesperidin is a flavan-on glycoside found in citrus fruits. Hesperidin is a natural product found in Ficus erecta var. beecheyana, Citrus tankan, and other organisms with data available. A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels. See also: Tangerine peel (part of). Found in most citrus fruits and other members of the Rutaceae, also in Mentha longifolia Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.770 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.767 [Raw Data] CB217_Hesperidin_pos_50eV_CB000076.txt [Raw Data] CB217_Hesperidin_pos_20eV_CB000076.txt [Raw Data] CB217_Hesperidin_pos_30eV_CB000076.txt [Raw Data] CB217_Hesperidin_pos_10eV_CB000076.txt [Raw Data] CB217_Hesperidin_pos_40eV_CB000076.txt [Raw Data] CB217_Hesperidin_neg_20eV_000038.txt [Raw Data] CB217_Hesperidin_neg_50eV_000038.txt [Raw Data] CB217_Hesperidin_neg_10eV_000038.txt [Raw Data] CB217_Hesperidin_neg_30eV_000038.txt [Raw Data] CB217_Hesperidin_neg_40eV_000038.txt Annotation level-1 Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Hesperidin (Hesperetin 7-rutinoside), a flavanone glycoside, is isolated from citrus fruits. Hesperidin has numerous biological properties, such as decreasing inflammatory mediators and exerting significant antioxidant effects. Hesperidin also exhibits antitumor and antiallergic activities[1][2]. Hesperidin (Hesperetin 7-rutinoside), a flavanone glycoside, is isolated from citrus fruits. Hesperidin has numerous biological properties, such as decreasing inflammatory mediators and exerting significant antioxidant effects. Hesperidin also exhibits antitumor and antiallergic activities[1][2].
beta-Carotene
Beta-carotene is a cyclic carotene obtained by dimerisation of all-trans-retinol. A strongly-coloured red-orange pigment abundant in plants and fruit and the most active and important provitamin A carotenoid. It has a role as a biological pigment, a provitamin A, a plant metabolite, a human metabolite, a mouse metabolite, a cofactor, a ferroptosis inhibitor and an antioxidant. It is a cyclic carotene and a carotenoid beta-end derivative. Beta-carotene, with the molecular formula C40H56, belongs to the group of carotenoids consisting of isoprene units. The presence of long chains of conjugated double bonds donates beta-carotene with specific colors. It is the most abundant form of carotenoid and it is a precursor of the vitamin A. Beta-carotene is composed of two retinyl groups. It is an antioxidant that can be found in yellow, orange and green leafy vegetables and fruits. Under the FDA, beta-carotene is considered as a generally recognized as safe substance (GRAS). Beta-Carotene is a natural product found in Epicoccum nigrum, Lonicera japonica, and other organisms with data available. Beta-Carotene is a naturally-occurring retinol (vitamin A) precursor obtained from certain fruits and vegetables with potential antineoplastic and chemopreventive activities. As an anti-oxidant, beta carotene inhibits free-radical damage to DNA. This agent also induces cell differentiation and apoptosis of some tumor cell types, particularly in early stages of tumorigenesis, and enhances immune system activity by stimulating the release of natural killer cells, lymphocytes, and monocytes. (NCI04) beta-Carotene is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC). See also: Lycopene (part of); Broccoli (part of); Lycium barbarum fruit (part of). Beta-Carotene belongs to the class of organic compounds known as carotenes. These are a type of polyunsaturated hydrocarbon molecules containing eight consecutive isoprene units. Carotenes are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Beta-carotene is therefore considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Beta-carotene is a strongly coloured red-orange pigment abundant in fungi, plants, and fruits. It is synthesized biochemically from eight isoprene units and therefore has 40 carbons. Among the carotenes, beta-carotene is distinguished by having beta-rings at both ends of the molecule. Beta-Carotene is biosynthesized from geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate. It is the most common form of carotene in plants. In nature, Beta-carotene is a precursor (inactive form) to vitamin A. Vitamin A is produed via the action of beta-carotene 15,15-monooxygenase on carotenes. In mammals, carotenoid absorption is restricted to the duodenum of the small intestine and dependent on a class B scavenger receptor (SR-B1) membrane protein, which is also responsible for the absorption of vitamin E. One molecule of beta-carotene can be cleaved by the intestinal enzyme Beta-Beta-carotene 15,15-monooxygenase into two molecules of vitamin A. Beta-Carotene contributes to the orange color of many different fruits and vegetables. Vietnamese gac and crude palm oil are particularly rich sources, as are yellow and orange fruits, such as cantaloupe, mangoes, pumpkin, and papayas, and orange root vegetables such as carrots and sweet potatoes. Excess beta-carotene is predominantly stored in the fat tissues of the body. The most common side effect of excessive beta-carotene consumption is carotenodermia, a physically harmless condition that presents as a conspicuous orange skin tint arising from deposition of the carotenoid in the outermost layer of the epidermis. Yellow food colour, dietary supplement, nutrient, Vitamin A precursor. Nutriceutical with antioxidation props. beta-Carotene is found in many foods, some of which are summer savory, gram bean, sunburst squash (pattypan squash), and other bread product. A cyclic carotene obtained by dimerisation of all-trans-retinol. A strongly-coloured red-orange pigment abundant in plants and fruit and the most active and important provitamin A carotenoid. D - Dermatologicals > D02 - Emollients and protectives > D02B - Protectives against uv-radiation > D02BB - Protectives against uv-radiation for systemic use A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A11 - Vitamins > A11C - Vitamin a and d, incl. combinations of the two > A11CA - Vitamin a, plain D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins > D000072664 - Provitamins
Nonacosane
Nonacosane, also known as CH3-[CH2]27-CH3, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alkanes. These are acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2 , and therefore consisting entirely of hydrogen atoms and saturated carbon atoms. Nonacosane is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Thus, nonacosane is considered to be a hydrocarbon lipid molecule. Nonacosane is a straight-chain hydrocarbon with a molecular formula of C29H60. Nonacosane has been identified within several essential oils. Nonacosane has been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as peachs, ginkgo nuts, cauliflowers, arabica coffee, and lambsquarters. This could make nonacosane a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Nonacosane occurs naturally and has been reported to be a component of a pheromone of Orgyia leucostigma, and evidence suggests it plays a role in the chemical communication of several insects, including the female Anopheles stephensi (a mosquito). It can also be prepared synthetically. It has 1,590,507,121 constitutional isomers. Nonacosane, also known as ch3-[ch2]27-ch3, is a member of the class of compounds known as alkanes. Alkanes are acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2 , and therefore consisting entirely of hydrogen atoms and saturated carbon atoms. Thus, nonacosane is considered to be a hydrocarbon lipid molecule. Nonacosane can be found in a number of food items such as garden tomato (variety), papaya, brussel sprouts, and wild carrot, which makes nonacosane a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Nonacosane occurs naturally and has been reported to be a component of a pheromone of Orgyia leucostigma, and evidence suggests it plays a role in the chemical communication of several insects, including the female Anopheles stephensi (a mosquito) . Nonacosane is a straight-chain alkane comprising of 29 carbon atoms. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a volatile oil component. Nonacosane is a natural product found in Euphorbia larica, Quercus salicina, and other organisms with data available. See also: Moringa oleifera leaf oil (part of). A straight-chain alkane comprising of 29 carbon atoms. Nonacosane, isolated from Baphia massaiensis, exhibits weak activities against E. coli, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus[1]. Nonacosane, isolated from Baphia massaiensis, exhibits weak activities against E. coli, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus[1].
Dopamine
Dopamine is a member of the catecholamine family of neurotransmitters in the brain and is a precursor to epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline). Dopamine is synthesized in the body (mainly by nervous tissue and adrenal glands) first by the hydration of the amino acid tyrosine to DOPA by tyrosine hydroxylase and then by the decarboxylation of DOPA by aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase. Dopamine is a major transmitter in the extrapyramidal system of the brain, and important in regulating movement. A family of receptors (dopamine receptors) mediates its action, which plays a major role in reward-motivated behaviour. Dopamine has many other functions outside the brain. In blood vessels, dopamine inhibits norepinephrine release and acts as a vasodilator (at normal concentrations); in the kidneys, it increases sodium excretion and urine output; in the pancreas, it reduces insulin production; in the digestive system, it reduces gastrointestinal motility and protects intestinal mucosa; and in the immune system, it reduces the activity of lymphocytes. Parkinsons disease, a degenerative condition causing tremor and motor impairment, is caused by a loss of dopamine-secreting neurons in an area of the midbrain called the substantia nigra. There is evidence that schizophrenia involves altered levels of dopamine activity, and most antipsychotic drugs used to treat this are dopamine antagonists, which reduce dopamine activity. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder, and addiction are also characterized by defects in dopamine production or metabolism. It has been suggested that animals derived their dopamine-synthesizing machinery from bacteria via horizontal gene transfer that may have occurred relatively late in evolutionary time. This is perhaps a result of the symbiotic incorporation of bacteria into eukaryotic cells that gave rise to mitochondria. Dopamine is elevated in the urine of people who consume bananas. When present in sufficiently high levels, dopamine can be a neurotoxin and a metabotoxin. A neurotoxin is a compound that disrupts or attacks neural tissue. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of dopamine are associated with neuroblastoma, Costello syndrome, leukemia, phaeochromocytoma, aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency, and Menkes disease (MNK). High levels of dopamine can lead to hyperactivity, insomnia, agitation and anxiety, depression, delusions, excessive salivation, nausea, and digestive problems. A study has shown that urinary dopamine is produced by Bacillus and Serratia (PMID: 24621061) Occurs in several higher plants, such as banana (Musa sapientum). As a member of the catecholamine family, dopamine is a precursor to norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and then epinephrine (adrenaline) in the biosynthetic pathways for these neurotransmitters. Dopamine is elevated in the urine of people who consume bananas. Dopamine is found in many foods, some of which are garden onion, purslane, garden tomato, and swiss chard. Dopamine (DA, a contraction of 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine) is a neuromodulatory molecule that plays several important roles in cells. It is an organic chemical of the catecholamine and phenethylamine families. Dopamine constitutes about 80\% of the catecholamine content in the brain. It is an amine synthesized by removing a carboxyl group from a molecule of its precursor chemical, L-DOPA, which is synthesized in the brain and kidneys. Dopamine is also synthesized in plants and most animals. In the brain, dopamine functions as a neurotransmitter—a chemical released by neurons (nerve cells) to send signals to other nerve cells. Neurotransmitters are synthesized in specific regions of the brain, but affect many regions systemically. The brain includes several distinct dopamine pathways, one of which plays a major role in the motivational component of reward-motivated behavior. The anticipation of most types of rewards increases the level of dopamine in the brain,[4] and many addictive drugs increase dopamine release or block its reuptake into neurons following release.[5] Other brain dopamine pathways are involved in motor control and in controlling the release of various hormones. These pathways and cell groups form a dopamine system which is neuromodulatory.[5] In popular culture and media, dopamine is often portrayed as the main chemical of pleasure, but the current opinion in pharmacology is that dopamine instead confers motivational salience;[6][7][8] in other words, dopamine signals the perceived motivational prominence (i.e., the desirability or aversiveness) of an outcome, which in turn propels the organism's behavior toward or away from achieving that outcome.[8][9] Outside the central nervous system, dopamine functions primarily as a local paracrine messenger. In blood vessels, it inhibits norepinephrine release and acts as a vasodilator; in the kidneys, it increases sodium excretion and urine output; in the pancreas, it reduces insulin production; in the digestive system, it reduces gastrointestinal motility and protects intestinal mucosa; and in the immune system, it reduces the activity of lymphocytes. With the exception of the blood vessels, dopamine in each of these peripheral systems is synthesized locally and exerts its effects near the cells that release it. Several important diseases of the nervous system are associated with dysfunctions of the dopamine system, and some of the key medications used to treat them work by altering the effects of dopamine. Parkinson's disease, a degenerative condition causing tremor and motor impairment, is caused by a loss of dopamine-secreting neurons in an area of the midbrain called the substantia nigra. Its metabolic precursor L-DOPA can be manufactured; Levodopa, a pure form of L-DOPA, is the most widely used treatment for Parkinson's. There is evidence that schizophrenia involves altered levels of dopamine activity, and most antipsychotic drugs used to treat this are dopamine antagonists which reduce dopamine activity.[10] Similar dopamine antagonist drugs are also some of the most effective anti-nausea agents. Restless legs syndrome and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are associated with decreased dopamine activity.[11] Dopaminergic stimulants can be addictive in high doses, but some are used at lower doses to treat ADHD. Dopamine itself is available as a manufactured medication for intravenous injection. It is useful in the treatment of severe heart failure or cardiogenic shock.[12] In newborn babies it may be used for hypotension and septic shock.[13] Dopamine is synthesized in a restricted set of cell types, mainly neurons and cells in the medulla of the adrenal glands.[22] The primary and minor metabolic pathways respectively are: Primary: L-Phenylalanine → L-Tyrosine → L-DOPA → Dopamine[19][20] Minor: L-Phenylalanine → L-Tyrosine → p-Tyramine → Dopamine[19][20][21] Minor: L-Phenylalanine → m-Tyrosine → m-Tyramine → Dopamine[21][23][24] The direct precursor of dopamine, L-DOPA, can be synthesized indirectly from the essential amino acid phenylalanine or directly from the non-essential amino acid tyrosine.[25] These amino acids are found in nearly every protein and so are readily available in food, with tyrosine being the most common. Although dopamine is also found in many types of food, it is incapable of crossing the blood–brain barrier that surrounds and protects the brain.[26] It must therefore be synthesized inside the brain to perform its neuronal activity.[26] L-Phenylalanine is converted into L-tyrosine by the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase, with molecular oxygen (O2) and tetrahydrobiopterin as cofactors. L-Tyrosine is converted into L-DOPA by the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase, with tetrahydrobiopterin, O2, and iron (Fe2+) as cofactors.[25] L-DOPA is converted into dopamine by the enzyme aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (also known as DOPA decarboxylase), with pyridoxal phosphate as the cofactor.[25] Dopamine itself is used as precursor in the synthesis of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and epinephrine.[25] Dopamine is converted into norepinephrine by the enzyme dopamine β-hydroxylase, with O2 and L-ascorbic acid as cofactors.[25] Norepinephrine is converted into epinephrine by the enzyme phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase with S-adenosyl-L-methionine as the cofactor.[25] Some of the cofactors also require their own synthesis.[25] Deficiency in any required amino acid or cofactor can impair the synthesis of dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine.[25] Degradation Dopamine is broken down into inactive metabolites by a set of enzymes—monoamine oxidase (MAO), catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT), and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), acting in sequence.[27] Both isoforms of monoamine oxidase, MAO-A and MAO-B, effectively metabolize dopamine.[25] Different breakdown pathways exist but the main end-product is homovanillic acid (HVA), which has no known biological activity.[27] From the bloodstream, homovanillic acid is filtered out by the kidneys and then excreted in the urine.[27] The two primary metabolic routes that convert dopamine into HVA are:[28] Dopamine → DOPAL → DOPAC → HVA – catalyzed by MAO, ALDH, and COMT respectively Dopamine → 3-Methoxytyramine → HVA – catalyzed by COMT and MAO+ALDH respectively In clinical research on schizophrenia, measurements of homovanillic acid in plasma have been used to estimate levels of dopamine activity in the brain. A difficulty in this approach however, is separating the high level of plasma homovanillic acid contributed by the metabolism of norepinephrine.[29][30] Although dopamine is normally broken down by an oxidoreductase enzyme, it is also susceptible to oxidation by direct reaction with oxygen, yielding quinones plus various free radicals as products.[31] The rate of oxidation can be increased by the presence of ferric iron or other factors. Quinones and free radicals produced by autoxidation of dopamine can poison cells, and there is evidence that this mechanism may contribute to the cell loss that occurs in Parkinson's disease and other conditions.[32]
Oleic acid
Oleic acid (or 9Z)-Octadecenoic acid) is an unsaturated C-18 or an omega-9 fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It occurs naturally in various animal and vegetable fats and oils. It is an odorless, colorless oil, although commercial samples may be yellowish. The name derives from the Latin word oleum, which means oil. Oleic acid is the most abundant fatty acid in human adipose tissue, and the second most abundant in human tissues overall, following palmitic acid. Oleic acid is a component of the normal human diet, being a part of animal fats and vegetable oils. Triglycerides of oleic acid represent the majority of olive oil (about 70\\\\%). Oleic acid triglycerides also make up 59–75\\\\% of pecan oil, 61\\\\% of canola oil, 36–67\\\\% of peanut oil, 60\\\\% of macadamia oil, 20–80\\\\% of sunflower oil, 15–20\\\\% of grape seed oil, sea buckthorn oil, 40\\\\% of sesame oil, and 14\\\\% of poppyseed oil. High oleic variants of plant sources such as sunflower (~80\\\\%) and canola oil (70\\\\%) also have been developed. consumption has been associated with decreased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and possibly with increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, however, the ability of oleic acid to raise HDL is still debated. Oleic acid may be responsible for the hypotensive (blood pressure reducing) effects of olive oil that is considered a health benefit. Oleic acid is used in manufacturing of surfactants, soaps, plasticizers. It is also used as an emulsifying agent in foods and pharmaceuticals. Oleic acid is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. Major constituent of plant oils e.g. olive oil (ca. 80\\\\%), almond oil (ca. 80\\\\%) and many others, mainly as glyceride. Constituent of tall oiland is also present in apple, melon, raspberry oil, tomato, banana, roasted peanuts, black tea, rice bran, cardamon, plum brandy, peated malt, dairy products and various animal fats. Component of citrus fruit coatings. Emulsifying agent in foods CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 290 COVID info from WikiPathways Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Oleic acid (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid) is an abundant monounsaturated fatty acid[1]. Oleic acid is a Na+/K+ ATPase activator[2]. Oleic acid (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid) is an abundant monounsaturated fatty acid[1]. Oleic acid is a Na+/K+ ATPase activator[2].
Arachidonic acid
Arachidonic acid is a polyunsaturated, essential fatty acid that has a 20-carbon chain as a backbone and four cis-double bonds at the C5, C8, C11, and C14 positions. It is found in animal and human fat as well as in the liver, brain, and glandular organs, and is a constituent of animal phosphatides. It is synthesized from dietary linoleic acid. Arachidonic acid mediates inflammation and the functioning of several organs and systems either directly or upon its conversion into eicosanoids. Arachidonic acid in cell membrane phospholipids is the substrate for the synthesis of a range of biologically active compounds (eicosanoids) including prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes. These compounds can act as mediators in their own right and can also act as regulators of other processes, such as platelet aggregation, blood clotting, smooth muscle contraction, leukocyte chemotaxis, inflammatory cytokine production, and immune function. Arachidonic acid can be metabolized by cytochrome p450 (CYP450) enzymes into 5,6-, 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), their corresponding dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs), and 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE). The production of kidney CYP450 arachidonic acid metabolites is altered in diabetes, pregnancy, hepatorenal syndrome, and in various models of hypertension, and it is likely that changes in this system contribute to the abnormalities in renal function that are associated with many of these conditions. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) catalyzes the hydrolysis of the sn-2 position of membrane glycerophospholipids to liberate arachidonic acid (PMID: 12736897, 12736897, 12700820, 12570747, 12432908). The beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids are believed to be due in part to selective alteration of arachidonate metabolism that involves cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes (PMID: 23371504). 9-Oxononanoic acid (9-ONA), one of the major products of peroxidized fatty acids, was found to stimulate the activity of phospholipase A2 (PLA2), the key enzyme to initiate the arachidonate cascade and eicosanoid production (PMID: 23704812). Arachidonate lipoxygenase (ALOX) enzymes metabolize arachidonic acid to generate potent inflammatory mediators and play an important role in inflammation-associated diseases (PMID: 23404351). Essential fatty acid. Constituent of many animal phospholipids Arachidonic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=506-32-1 (retrieved 2024-07-15) (CAS RN: 506-32-1). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Arachidonic acid is an essential fatty acid and a major constituent of biomembranes. Arachidonic acid is an essential fatty acid and a major constituent of biomembranes.
Baicalin
Baicalin is a flavone, a type of flavonoid. It is found in several species in the genus Scutellaria, including Scutellaria lateriflora (blue skullcap). There are 10 mg/g baicalin in Scutellaria galericulata (common skullcap) leaves. Baicalin is the glucuronide of baicalein. It is a component of Chinese medicinal herb Huang-chin (Scutellaria baicalensis) and one of the chemical ingredients of Sho-Saiko-To, an herbal supplement. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors Baicalin, as a flavonoid glycoside, is an allosteric carnitine palmityl transferase 1 (CPT1) activator. Baicalin reduces the expression of NF-κB[1][2][3]. Baicalin, as a flavonoid glycoside, is an allosteric carnitine palmityl transferase 1 (CPT1) activator. Baicalin reduces the expression of NF-κB[1][2][3].
Schaftoside
Apigenin 6-c-glucoside 8-c-riboside is a member of the class of compounds known as flavonoid 8-c-glycosides. Flavonoid 8-c-glycosides are compounds containing a carbohydrate moiety which is C-glycosidically linked to 8-position of a 2-phenylchromen-4-one flavonoid backbone. Apigenin 6-c-glucoside 8-c-riboside is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Apigenin 6-c-glucoside 8-c-riboside can be found in herbs and spices, which makes apigenin 6-c-glucoside 8-c-riboside a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Schaftoside is a flavonoid found in a variety of Chinese herbal medicines, such as Eleusine indica. Schaftoside inhibits the expression of TLR4 and Myd88. Schaftoside also decreases Drp1 expression and phosphorylation, and reduces mitochondrial fission[1]. Schaftoside is a flavonoid found in a variety of Chinese herbal medicines, such as Eleusine indica. Schaftoside inhibits the expression of TLR4 and Myd88. Schaftoside also decreases Drp1 expression and phosphorylation, and reduces mitochondrial fission[1]. Schaftoside is a flavonoid found in a variety of Chinese herbal medicines, such as Eleusine indica. Schaftoside inhibits the expression of TLR4 and Myd88. Schaftoside also decreases Drp1 expression and phosphorylation, and reduces mitochondrial fission[1].
Ethyl oleate
Ethyl oleate is found in sweet marjoram. Ethyl oleate is a flavouring ingredient.Ethyl oleate is the ester formed by the condensation of the fatty acid oleic acid and ethanol. It is a colorless to light yellow liquid. Ethyl oleate is produced by the body during ethanol intoxication Flavouring ingredient Ethyl Oleate is a fatty acid ester formed by the condensation of oleic acid and ethanol. Ethyl oleate is the liquid lipid component in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs). NLC is a promising vehicle for oral trans-Ferulic acid (TFA) administration[1]. Ethyl Oleate is a fatty acid ester formed by the condensation of oleic acid and ethanol. Ethyl oleate is the liquid lipid component in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs). NLC is a promising vehicle for oral trans-Ferulic acid (TFA) administration[1].
Isoterpinolene
P-mentha-2,4(8)-diene is a member of the class of compounds known as menthane monoterpenoids. Menthane monoterpenoids are monoterpenoids with a structure based on the o-, m-, or p-menthane backbone. P-menthane consists of the cyclohexane ring with a methyl group and a (2-methyl)-propyl group at the 1 and 4 ring position, respectively. The o- and m- menthanes are much rarer, and presumably arise by alkyl migration of p-menthanes. P-mentha-2,4(8)-diene can be found in dill, which makes P-mentha-2,4(8)-diene a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. P-mentha-2,4(8)-diene can be found primarily in saliva. Isoterpinolene belongs to the class of organic compounds known as menthane monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenoids with a structure based on the o-, m-, or p-menthane backbone. P-menthane consists of the cyclohexane ring with a methyl group and a (2-methyl)-propyl group at the 1 and 4 ring position, respectively. The o- and m- menthanes are much rarer, and presumably arise by alkyl migration of p-menthanes.
Santolina triene
Santolina triene belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alkatrienes. These are hydrocarbons that contain exactly three carbon-to-carbon double bonds.
Dotriacontane
Constituent of Mentha aquatica (water mint). Dotriacontane is found in many foods, some of which are papaya, coconut, garden tomato (variety), and tea. Dotriacontane is found in coconut. Dotriacontane is a constituent of Mentha aquatica (water mint).
cis-Vaccenic acid
cis-11-Octadecenoic acid, also known as (Z)-octadec-11-enoic acid or asclepic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. cis-11-Octadecenoic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Occurs in small proportions in ruminant fats (e.g., butter) via biohydrogenation of dietary polyene acids. Vaccenic acid is found in many foods, some of which are almond, romaine lettuce, butter, and pak choy. trans-Vaccenic acid is a precursor for the synthesis of saturated fatty acid in the rumen and of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) at the tissue level. trans-Vaccenic acid is a precursor for the synthesis of saturated fatty acid in the rumen and of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) at the tissue level.
Liquiritin
Neoliquiritin is a glycoside and a member of flavonoids. Neoliquiritin is a natural product found in Glycyrrhiza glabra and Glycyrrhiza uralensis with data available. See also: Glycyrrhiza Glabra (part of). Neoliquiritin is isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis with an anti-inflammatory activity[1]. Neoliquiritin is isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis with an anti-inflammatory activity[1].
Baicalin
Baicalin is the glycosyloxyflavone which is the 7-O-glucuronide of baicalein. It is an active ingredient of Chinese herbal medicine Scutellaria baicalensis. It has a role as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, an EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor, a prodrug, a plant metabolite, a ferroptosis inhibitor, a neuroprotective agent, an antineoplastic agent, a cardioprotective agent, an antiatherosclerotic agent, an antioxidant, an EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor, an anticoronaviral agent and an antibacterial agent. It is a glucosiduronic acid, a glycosyloxyflavone, a dihydroxyflavone and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a baicalein. It is a conjugate acid of a baicalin(1-). Baicalin is a natural product found in Scutellaria amoena, Thalictrum baicalense, and other organisms with data available. See also: Scutellaria baicalensis Root (part of). The glycosyloxyflavone which is the 7-O-glucuronide of baicalein. It is an active ingredient of Chinese herbal medicine Scutellaria baicalensis. D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors Baicalin, as a flavonoid glycoside, is an allosteric carnitine palmityl transferase 1 (CPT1) activator. Baicalin reduces the expression of NF-κB[1][2][3]. Baicalin, as a flavonoid glycoside, is an allosteric carnitine palmityl transferase 1 (CPT1) activator. Baicalin reduces the expression of NF-κB[1][2][3].
Scutellarin
Scutellarin is the glycosyloxyflavone which is the 7-O-glucuronide of scutellarein. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and a proteasome inhibitor. It is a glycosyloxyflavone, a glucosiduronic acid, a trihydroxyflavone and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a scutellarein. It is a conjugate acid of a scutellarin(1-). Scutellarin is a natural product found in Scoparia dulcis, Sempervivum ruthenicum, and other organisms with data available. Scutellarin, an active flavone isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis, can down-regulates the STAT3/Girdin/Akt signaling in HCC cells, and inhibits RANKL-mediated MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathway in osteoclasts. Scutellarin is active against HIV-1IIIB, HIV-1(74V) and HIV-1KM018 with EC50s of 26 μM, 253 μM and 136 μM, respectively. Scutellarin, an active flavone isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis, can down-regulates the STAT3/Girdin/Akt signaling in HCC cells, and inhibits RANKL-mediated MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathway in osteoclasts. Scutellarin is active against HIV-1IIIB, HIV-1(74V) and HIV-1KM018 with EC50s of 26 μM, 253 μM and 136 μM, respectively. Scutellarin, an active flavone isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis, can down-regulates the STAT3/Girdin/Akt signaling in HCC cells, and inhibits RANKL-mediated MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathway in osteoclasts. Scutellarin is active against HIV-1IIIB, HIV-1(74V) and HIV-1KM018 with EC50s of 26 μM, 253 μM and 136 μM, respectively.
Ethyl oleate
Ethyl Oleate is a fatty acid ester formed by the condensation of oleic acid and ethanol. Ethyl oleate is the liquid lipid component in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs). NLC is a promising vehicle for oral trans-Ferulic acid (TFA) administration[1]. Ethyl Oleate is a fatty acid ester formed by the condensation of oleic acid and ethanol. Ethyl oleate is the liquid lipid component in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs). NLC is a promising vehicle for oral trans-Ferulic acid (TFA) administration[1].
Liquiritin
Liquiritin is a flavanone glycoside that is liquiritigenin attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an anticoronaviral agent and an anti-inflammatory agent. It is a flavanone glycoside, a beta-D-glucoside, a monosaccharide derivative and a monohydroxyflavanone. It is functionally related to a liquiritigenin. Liquiritin is a natural product found in Polygonum aviculare, Artemisia capillaris, and other organisms with data available. See also: Glycyrrhiza Glabra (part of); Glycyrrhiza uralensis Root (part of). A flavanone glycoside that is liquiritigenin attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4 via a glycosidic linkage. Annotation level-1 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.697 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.694 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.693 Liquiritin, a flavonoid isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, is a potent and competitive AKR1C1 inhibitor with IC50s of 0.62 μM, 0.61 μM, and 3.72μM for AKR1C1, AKR1C2 and AKR1C3, respectively. Liquiritin efficiently inhibits progesterone metabolism mediated by AKR1C1 in vivo[1]. Liquiritin acts as an antioxidant and has neuroprotective, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activity[2]. Liquiritin, a flavonoid isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, is a potent and competitive AKR1C1 inhibitor with IC50s of 0.62 μM, 0.61 μM, and 3.72μM for AKR1C1, AKR1C2 and AKR1C3, respectively. Liquiritin efficiently inhibits progesterone metabolism mediated by AKR1C1 in vivo[1]. Liquiritin acts as an antioxidant and has neuroprotective, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activity[2]. Neoliquiritin is isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis with an anti-inflammatory activity[1]. Neoliquiritin is isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis with an anti-inflammatory activity[1].
Arachidonic acid
A long-chain fatty acid that is a C20, polyunsaturated fatty acid having four (Z)-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14. COVID info from WikiPathways Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Arachidonic acid is an essential fatty acid and a major constituent of biomembranes. Arachidonic acid is an essential fatty acid and a major constituent of biomembranes.
Hesperidin
Hesperidin is a disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a mutagen. It is a disaccharide derivative, a member of 3-hydroxyflavanones, a dihydroxyflavanone, a monomethoxyflavanone, a flavanone glycoside, a member of 4-methoxyflavanones and a rutinoside. It is functionally related to a hesperetin. Hesperidin is a flavan-on glycoside found in citrus fruits. Hesperidin is a natural product found in Ficus erecta var. beecheyana, Citrus tankan, and other organisms with data available. A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels. See also: Tangerine peel (part of). A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Hesperidin (Hesperetin 7-rutinoside), a flavanone glycoside, is isolated from citrus fruits. Hesperidin has numerous biological properties, such as decreasing inflammatory mediators and exerting significant antioxidant effects. Hesperidin also exhibits antitumor and antiallergic activities[1][2]. Hesperidin (Hesperetin 7-rutinoside), a flavanone glycoside, is isolated from citrus fruits. Hesperidin has numerous biological properties, such as decreasing inflammatory mediators and exerting significant antioxidant effects. Hesperidin also exhibits antitumor and antiallergic activities[1][2].
Luteolin 7-O-glucoside
Isoschaftoside
Corymboside, also known as 6-arabinopyranosyl-8-galactopyranosylapigenin, is a member of the class of compounds known as flavonoid 8-c-glycosides. Flavonoid 8-c-glycosides are compounds containing a carbohydrate moiety which is C-glycosidically linked to 8-position of a 2-phenylchromen-4-one flavonoid backbone. Corymboside is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Corymboside can be found in a number of food items such as red bell pepper, carob, common wheat, and orange bell pepper, which makes corymboside a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. [Raw Data] CBA22_Isoschaftoside_neg_50eV_1-4_01_1416.txt [Raw Data] CBA22_Isoschaftoside_neg_40eV_1-4_01_1415.txt [Raw Data] CBA22_Isoschaftoside_neg_30eV_1-4_01_1414.txt [Raw Data] CBA22_Isoschaftoside_neg_20eV_1-4_01_1413.txt [Raw Data] CBA22_Isoschaftoside_neg_10eV_1-4_01_1366.txt [Raw Data] CBA22_Isoschaftoside_pos_50eV_1-4_01_1389.txt [Raw Data] CBA22_Isoschaftoside_pos_40eV_1-4_01_1388.txt [Raw Data] CBA22_Isoschaftoside_pos_30eV_1-4_01_1387.txt [Raw Data] CBA22_Isoschaftoside_pos_20eV_1-4_01_1386.txt [Raw Data] CBA22_Isoschaftoside_pos_10eV_1-4_01_1355.txt Isoschaftoside, a C-glycosylflavonoid from Desmodium uncinatum root exudate, can inhibit growth of germinated S. hermonthica radicles[1][2]. Isoschaftoside, a C-glycosylflavonoid from Desmodium uncinatum root exudate, can inhibit growth of germinated S. hermonthica radicles[1][2].
β-Carotene
The novel carbohydrate-derived b-carboline, 1-pentahydroxypentyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-b-carboline-3-carboxylic acid, was identified in fruit- and vegetable-derived products such as juices, jams, and tomato sauces. This compound occurred as two diastereoisomers, a cis isomer (the major compound) and a trans isomer, ranging from undetectable amounts to 6.5 ug/g. Grape, tomato, pineapple, and tropical juices exhibited the highest amount of this alkaloid (up to 3.8 mg/L), whereas apple, banana, and peach juices showed very low or nondetectable levels. This tetrahydro-b-carboline was also found in jams (up to 0.45 ug/g), and a relative high amount was present in tomato concentrate (6.5 ug/g) and sauce (up to 1.8 ug/g). This b-carboline occurred in fruit-derived products as a glycoconjugate from a chemical condensation of d-glucose and l-tryptophan that is highly favored at low pH values and high temperature. Production, processing treatments, and storage of fruit juices and jams can then release this b-carboline. Fruit-derived products and other foods containing this compound might be an exogenous dietary source of this glucose-derived tetrahydro-b-carboline.(PMID: 12137498) [HMDB] Window width to select the precursor ion was 3 Da.; CONE_VOLTAGE is 20 V.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 19HP8024 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan. D - Dermatologicals > D02 - Emollients and protectives > D02B - Protectives against uv-radiation > D02BB - Protectives against uv-radiation for systemic use A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A11 - Vitamins > A11C - Vitamin a and d, incl. combinations of the two > A11CA - Vitamin a, plain D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins > D000072664 - Provitamins Window width to select the precursor ion was 3 Da.; CONE_VOLTAGE is 10 V.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 19HP8024 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan.
Dopamine
C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy > C01C - Cardiac stimulants excl. cardiac glycosides > C01CA - Adrenergic and dopaminergic agents D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D013566 - Sympathomimetics Catechol in which the hydrogen at position 4 is substituted by a 2-aminoethyl group. D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents MS2 deconvoluted using MS2Dec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; VYFYYTLLBUKUHU_STSL_0097_Dopamine_2000fmol_180430_S2_LC02_MS02_90; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. MS2 deconvoluted using CorrDec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I.
Oleic acid
An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry. Oleic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=112-80-1 (retrieved 2024-07-16) (CAS RN: 112-80-1). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Elaidic acid is the major trans fat found in hydrogenated vegetable oils and can be used as a pharmaceutical solvent. Elaidic acid is the major trans fat found in hydrogenated vegetable oils and can be used as a pharmaceutical solvent. Oleic acid (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid) is an abundant monounsaturated fatty acid[1]. Oleic acid is a Na+/K+ ATPase activator[2]. Oleic acid (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid) is an abundant monounsaturated fatty acid[1]. Oleic acid is a Na+/K+ ATPase activator[2].
trans-Vaccenic acid
The trans- isomer of vaccenic acid. trans-Vaccenic acid is a precursor for the synthesis of saturated fatty acid in the rumen and of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) at the tissue level. trans-Vaccenic acid is a precursor for the synthesis of saturated fatty acid in the rumen and of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) at the tissue level.
Norepinephrine
C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C87053 - Adrenergic Agonist C78274 - Agent Affecting Cardiovascular System > C126567 - Vasopressor C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy > C01C - Cardiac stimulants excl. cardiac glycosides > C01CA - Adrenergic and dopaminergic agents D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D013566 - Sympathomimetics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D000322 - Adrenergic Agonists D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014662 - Vasoconstrictor Agents
Noradrenaline
A catecholamine in which C-1 of the aminoethyl side-chain is hydroxy-substituted.
2-Amylfuran
2-pentylfuran is a member of the class of furans that is furan in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a pentyl group. It is found in many heat-processed foods and drinks. It has a role as an Aspergillus metabolite, a human urinary metabolite, a volatile oil component, an insect repellent, a flavouring agent, a plant growth stimulator and a bacterial metabolite. 2-Pentylfuran is a natural product found in Magnolia officinalis, Daphne odora, and other organisms with data available. 2-pentylfuran is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 2-Pentylfuran is the compound isolated from steam volatile oils obtained from potatoes at atmospheric pressure[1]. 2-Pentylfuran is the compound isolated from steam volatile oils obtained from potatoes at atmospheric pressure[1].
Humulene
α-Humulene is a main constituent of Tanacetum vulgare L. (Asteraceae) essential oil with anti-inflammation (IC50=15±2 μg/mL). α-Humulene inhibits COX-2 and iNOS expression[1]. α-Humulene is a main constituent of Tanacetum vulgare L. (Asteraceae) essential oil with anti-inflammation (IC50=15±2 μg/mL). α-Humulene inhibits COX-2 and iNOS expression[1].
Nonacosane
Nonacosane, isolated from Baphia massaiensis, exhibits weak activities against E. coli, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus[1]. Nonacosane, isolated from Baphia massaiensis, exhibits weak activities against E. coli, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus[1].
linoleic
Linolelaidic acid (Linoelaidic acid), an omega-6 trans fatty acid, acts as a source of energy. Linolelaidic acid is an essential nutrient, adding in enteral, parenteral, and infant formulas. Linolelaidic acid can be used for heart diseases research[1]. Linolelaidic acid (Linoelaidic acid), an omega-6 trans fatty acid, acts as a source of energy. Linolelaidic acid is an essential nutrient, adding in enteral, parenteral, and infant formulas. Linolelaidic acid can be used for heart diseases research[1].
143-25-9
trans-Vaccenic acid is a precursor for the synthesis of saturated fatty acid in the rumen and of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) at the tissue level. trans-Vaccenic acid is a precursor for the synthesis of saturated fatty acid in the rumen and of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) at the tissue level.
