N,N-dimethylglycine (BioDeep_00000400250)
Main id: BioDeep_00000002864
natural product PANOMIX_OTCML-2023 BioNovoGene_Lab2019
代谢物信息卡片
N,N-Dimethylglycine hydrochloride
化学式: C4H9NO2 (103.0633)
中文名称: N,N-二甲基甘氨酸, 二甲基甘氨酸
谱图信息:
最多检出来源 () 0%
分子结构信息
SMILES: CN(C)CC(=O)O
InChI: InChI=1S/C4H9NO2/c1-5(2)3-4(6)7/h3H2,1-2H3,(H,6,7)
描述信息
An N-methylglycine that is glycine carrying two N-methyl substituents.
N-Methylsarcosine is an amino acid building block for protein, found in a small amount in the body.
同义名列表
数据库引用编号
34 个数据库交叉引用编号
- ChEBI: CHEBI:17724
- KEGG: C01026
- PubChem: 673
- DrugBank: DB02083
- ChEMBL: CHEMBL1232274
- CAS: 780741-89-1
- CAS: 1118-68-9
- MoNA: MoNA038763
- MoNA: MoNA038202
- MoNA: MoNA037454
- MoNA: MoNA036654
- MoNA: MoNA036655
- MoNA: MoNA036653
- MoNA: MoNA035125
- MoNA: MoNA035124
- MoNA: MoNA032954
- MoNA: MoNA032951
- MoNA: MoNA032950
- MoNA: FiehnHILIC002119
- MoNA: FiehnHILIC001342
- MoNA: PM000907
- MoNA: PT203020
- MoNA: PT109513
- MoNA: PT109510
- MoNA: PT103023
- MoNA: PT103020
- MetaboLights: MTBLC17724
- PubChem: 4271
- PDB-CCD: DMG
- 3DMET: B00224
- NIKKAJI: J135.420E
- medchemexpress: HY-Y0511
- BioNovoGene_Lab2019: BioNovoGene_Lab2019-815
- KNApSAcK: 17724
分类词条
相关代谢途径
Reactome(0)
BioCyc(0)
PlantCyc(0)
代谢反应
0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。
Reactome(0)
BioCyc(0)
WikiPathways(0)
Plant Reactome(0)
INOH(0)
PlantCyc(0)
COVID-19 Disease Map(0)
PathBank(0)
PharmGKB(0)
1 个相关的物种来源信息
- 569774 - 金线莲: -
在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：
- PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
- NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
- Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
- Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。
点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。
文献列表
- Hong Yao, Yan Hu, Haibing Tong, Shourong Shi. Dimethylglycine Alleviates Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease by Improving the Circulating Estrogen Level via Gut Staphylococcus.
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.
2023 Dec; ?(?):. doi:
10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07075. [PMID: 38131116] - Sifiso S Makhathini, Calvin A Omolo, Lucy W Kiruri, Pavan Walvekar, Nikita Devnarain, Chunderika Mocktar, Thirumala Govender. Synthesis of pH-responsive dimethylglycine surface-modified branched lipids for targeted delivery of antibiotics.
Chemistry and physics of lipids.
2022 11; 249(?):105241. doi:
10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2022.105241. [PMID: 36152880] - Kaiwen Bai, Luyi Jiang, Chengheng Wei, Qiming Li, Lili Zhang, Jingfei Zhang, Tian Wang. Dimethylglycine sodium salt activates Nrf2/SIRT1/PGC1α leading to the recovery of muscle stem cell dysfunction in newborns with intrauterine growth restriction.
Free radical biology & medicine.
2022 May; 184(?):89-98. doi:
10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.04.004. [PMID: 35405266] - Daisuke Watase, Shuichi Setoguchi, Nami Nagata-Akaho, Shotaro Goto, Hirofumi Yamakawa, Ayano Yamada, Mitsuhisa Koga, Yoshiharu Karube, Kazuhisa Matsunaga, Jiro Takata. Cationic N,N-Dimethylglycine Ester Prodrug of 2R-α-Tocotrienol Promotes Intestinal Absorption via Efficient Self-Micellization with Intrinsic Bile Acid Anion.
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland).
2022 Apr; 27(9):. doi:
10.3390/molecules27092727. [PMID: 35566078] - Hong Yao, Yan Hu, Qiang Wang, Yijian Zhang, Kaiqing Rao, Shourong Shi. Effects of dietary dimethylglycine supplementation on laying performance, egg quality, and tissue index of hens during late laying period.
Poultry science.
2022 Feb; 101(2):101610. doi:
10.1016/j.psj.2021.101610. [PMID: 34936951] - Xiong-Fei Pan, Jae Jeong Yang, Xiao-Ou Shu, Steven C Moore, Nicholette D Palmer, Marta Guasch-Ferré, David M Herrington, Sei Harada, Heather Eliassen, Thomas J Wang, Robert E Gerszten, Demetrius Albanes, Ioanna Tzoulaki, Ibrahim Karaman, Paul Elliott, Huilian Zhu, Lynne E Wagenknecht, Wei Zheng, Hui Cai, Qiuyin Cai, Charles E Matthews, Cristina Menni, Katie A Meyer, Loren P Lipworth, Jennifer Ose, Myriam Fornage, Cornelia M Ulrich, Danxia Yu. Associations of circulating choline and its related metabolites with cardiometabolic biomarkers: an international pooled analysis.
The American journal of clinical nutrition.
2021 09; 114(3):893-906. doi:
10.1093/ajcn/nqab152. [PMID: 34020444] - Kaiwen Bai, Luyi Jiang, Qiming Li, Jingfei Zhang, Lili Zhang, Tian Wang. Dietary dimethylglycine sodium salt supplementation improves growth performance, redox status, and skeletal muscle function of intrauterine growth-restricted weaned piglets.
Journal of animal science.
2021 Jul; 99(7):. doi:
10.1093/jas/skab186. [PMID: 34107017] - Yi Qun Liu, Ling He Huang, Pei Pei Liu, Qing Bin Xing, Feng Han, Qin Wang, Shu Rong Chen, Kimio Sugiyama, Xue Song Xiang, Zhen Wu Huang. Effect of N, N-Dimethylglycine on Homocysteine Metabolism in Rats Fed Folate-Sufficient and Folate-Deficient Diets.
Biomedical and environmental sciences : BES.
2021 May; 34(5):356-363. doi:
10.3967/bes2021.047. [PMID: 34059172] - Elisabetta Tarentini, Giulia Odorici, Valeria Righi, Alessia Paganelli, Luca Giacomelli, Valentina Mirisola, Adele Mucci, Luisa Benassi, Elisabetta D'Aversa, Claudia Lasagni, Shaniko Kaleci, Eva Reali, Cristina Magnoni. Integrated metabolomic analysis and cytokine profiling define clusters of immuno-metabolic correlation in new-onset psoriasis.
Scientific reports.
2021 05; 11(1):10472. doi:
10.1038/s41598-021-89925-7. [PMID: 34006909] - Yasuhiko Kato, Hitoshi Kuwabara, Takashi Okada, Toshio Munesue, Seico Benner, Miho Kuroda, Masaki Kojima, Walid Yassin, Yosuke Eriguchi, Yosuke Kameno, Chihiro Murayama, Tomoko Nishimura, Kenji Tsuchiya, Kiyoto Kasai, Norio Ozaki, Hirotaka Kosaka, Hidenori Yamasue. Oxytocin-induced increase in N,N-dimethylglycine and time course of changes in oxytocin efficacy for autism social core symptoms.
Molecular autism.
2021 02; 12(1):15. doi:
10.1186/s13229-021-00423-z. [PMID: 33622389] - Yingna Wei, Bei Wang. The expression levels of plasma dimethylglycine (DMG), human maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3), and Apelin-12 in patients with acute myocardial infarction and their clinical significance.
Annals of palliative medicine.
2021 Feb; 10(2):2175-2183. doi:
10.21037/apm-21-122. [PMID: 33725773] - Christopher Papandreou, Mònica Bulló, Pablo Hernández-Alonso, Miguel Ruiz-Canela, Jun Li, Marta Guasch-Ferré, Estefanía Toledo, Clary Clish, Dolores Corella, Ramon Estruch, Emilio Ros, Montserrat Fitó, Angel Alonso-Gómez, Miquel Fiol, José M Santos-Lozano, Lluís Serra-Majem, Liming Liang, Miguel A Martínez-González, Frank B Hu, Jordi Salas-Salvadó. Choline Metabolism and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure in the PREDIMED Study.
Clinical chemistry.
2021 01; 67(1):288-297. doi:
10.1093/clinchem/hvaa224. [PMID: 33257943] - Hyo Kyozuka, Toma Fukuda, Tsuyoshi Murata, Yuta Endo, Aya Kanno, Shun Yasuda, Akiko Yamaguchi, Miho Ono, Akiko Sato, Koichi Hashimoto, Keiya Fujimori. Comprehensive metabolomic analysis of first-trimester serum identifies biomarkers of early-onset hypertensive disorder of pregnancy.
Scientific reports.
2020 08; 10(1):13857. doi:
10.1038/s41598-020-70974-3. [PMID: 32807817] - Maria F Mujica-Coopman, Amy Tan, Theresa H Schroder, Graham Sinclair, Hilary D Vallance, Yvonne Lamers. Serum Betaine and Dimethylglycine Are Higher in South Asian Compared with European Pregnant Women in Canada, with Betaine and Total Homocysteine Inversely Associated in Early and Midpregnancy, Independent of Ethnicity.
The Journal of nutrition.
2019 12; 149(12):2145-2155. doi:
10.1093/jn/nxz178. [PMID: 31504713] - Lotte Smolders, Nicole J W de Wit, Michiel G J Balvers, Rima Obeid, Marc M M Vissers, Diederik Esser. Natural Choline from Egg Yolk Phospholipids Is More Efficiently Absorbed Compared with Choline Bitartrate; Outcomes of A Randomized Trial in Healthy Adults.
Nutrients.
2019 Nov; 11(11):. doi:
10.3390/nu11112758. [PMID: 31766273] - Yu-Feng Du, Yuan Wei, Jing Yang, Zi-Yi Cheng, Xi-Fang Zuo, Tian-Chen Wu, Hui-Feng Shi, Xiao-Li Wang. Maternal betaine status, but not that of choline or methionine, is inversely associated with infant birth weight.
The British journal of nutrition.
2019 06; 121(11):1279-1286. doi:
10.1017/s0007114519000497. [PMID: 30837009] - Chengcheng Feng, Kaiwen Bai, Anan Wang, Xiaoke Ge, Yongwei Zhao, Lili Zhang, Tian Wang. Effects of dimethylglycine sodium salt supplementation on growth performance, hepatic antioxidant capacity, and mitochondria-related gene expression in weanling piglets born with low birth weight1.
Journal of animal science.
2018 Sep; 96(9):3791-3803. doi:
10.1093/jas/sky233. [PMID: 29931075] - Rima Obeid, Hussain M Awwad, Astrid Ines Knell, Ulrich Hübner, Jürgen Geisel. Glucose and Fat Tolerance Tests Induce Differential Responses in Plasma Choline Metabolites in Healthy Subjects.
Nutrients.
2018 Sep; 10(9):. doi:
10.3390/nu10091209. [PMID: 30200465] - Alejandra M Wiedeman, Cecil M Y Chau, Ruth E Grunau, Deanna McCarthy, Karin Yurko-Mauro, Roger A Dyer, Sheila M Innis, Angela M Devlin. Plasma Betaine Is Positively Associated with Developmental Outcomes in Healthy Toddlers at Age 2 Years Who Are Not Meeting the Recommended Adequate Intake for Dietary Choline.
The Journal of nutrition.
2018 08; 148(8):1309-1314. doi:
10.1093/jn/nxy108. [PMID: 29986040] - Rima Obeid, Hussain M Awwad, Markus Keller, Juergen Geisel. Trimethylamine-N-oxide and its biological variations in vegetarians.
European journal of nutrition.
2017 Dec; 56(8):2599-2609. doi:
10.1007/s00394-016-1295-9. [PMID: 27562778] - Michael Lever, Christopher J McEntyre, Peter M George, Stephen T Chambers. Is N,N-dimethylglycine N-oxide a choline and betaine metabolite?.
Biological chemistry.
2017 06; 398(7):775-784. doi:
10.1515/hsz-2016-0261. [PMID: 27902449] - Kiyoshi Fukuhara, Akiko Ohno, Ruri Kikura-Hanajiri. A Metabolic Study on the Biochemical Effects of Chiral Illegal Drugs in Rats Using 1H-NMR Spectroscopy.
Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan.
2017; 137(9):1147-1154. doi:
10.1248/yakushi.17-00046. [PMID: 28867701] - Robin Myte, Björn Gylling, Jörn Schneede, Per Magne Ueland, Jenny Häggström, Johan Hultdin, Göran Hallmans, Ingegerd Johansson, Richard Palmqvist, Bethany Van Guelpen. Components of One-carbon Metabolism Other than Folate and Colorectal Cancer Risk.
Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.).
2016 11; 27(6):787-96. doi:
10.1097/ede.0000000000000529. [PMID: 27367522] - Jose M Colomina, Pere Cavallé-Busquets, Sílvia Fernàndez-Roig, Pol Solé-Navais, Joan D Fernandez-Ballart, Mónica Ballesteros, Per M Ueland, Klaus Meyer, Michelle M Murphy. Maternal Folate Status and the BHMT c.716G>A Polymorphism Affect the Betaine Dimethylglycine Pathway during Pregnancy.
Nutrients.
2016 Oct; 8(10):. doi:
10.3390/nu8100621. [PMID: 27735840] - Mauro Forteschi, Angelo Zinellu, Stefano Assaretti, Arduino A Mangoni, Gianfranco Pintus, Ciriaco Carru, Salvatore Sotgia. An isotope dilution capillary electrophoresis/tandem mass spectrometry (CE-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous measurement of choline, betaine, and dimethylglycine concentrations in human plasma.
Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.
2016 Oct; 408(26):7505-12. doi:
10.1007/s00216-016-9848-6. [PMID: 27503542] - Pol Solé-Navais, Pere Cavallé-Busquets, Joan D Fernandez-Ballart, Michelle M Murphy. Early pregnancy B vitamin status, one carbon metabolism, pregnancy outcome and child development.
Biochimie.
2016 Jul; 126(?):91-6. doi:
10.1016/j.biochi.2015.12.003. [PMID: 26700149] - Megan N Hall, Caitlin G Howe, Xinhua Liu, Marie A Caudill, Olga Malysheva, Vesna Ilievski, Angela M Lomax-Luu, Faruque Parvez, Abu B Siddique, Hasan Shahriar, Mohammad N Uddin, Tariqul Islam, Joseph H Graziano, Mary V Gamble. Supplementation with Folic Acid, but Not Creatine, Increases Plasma Betaine, Decreases Plasma Dimethylglycine, and Prevents a Decrease in Plasma Choline in Arsenic-Exposed Bangladeshi Adults.
The Journal of nutrition.
2016 05; 146(5):1062-7. doi:
10.3945/jn.115.227132. [PMID: 27052531] - Vegard Lysne, Elin Strand, Gard F T Svingen, Bodil Bjørndal, Eva R Pedersen, Øivind Midttun, Thomas Olsen, Per M Ueland, Rolf K Berge, Ottar Nygård. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Activation is Associated with Altered Plasma One-Carbon Metabolites and B-Vitamin Status in Rats.
Nutrients.
2016 Jan; 8(1):. doi:
10.3390/nu8010026. [PMID: 26742069] - Kaiwen Bai, Wen Xu, Jingfei Zhang, Tao Kou, Yu Niu, Xiaoli Wan, Lili Zhang, Chao Wang, Tian Wang. Assessment of Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Dimethylglycine Sodium Salt and Its Role in Providing Protection against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Oxidative Stress in Mice.
PloS one.
2016; 11(5):e0155393. doi:
10.1371/journal.pone.0155393. [PMID: 27171376] - Martin Magnusson, Thomas J Wang, Clary Clish, Gunnar Engström, Peter Nilsson, Robert E Gerszten, Olle Melander. Dimethylglycine Deficiency and the Development of Diabetes.
Diabetes.
2015 Aug; 64(8):3010-6. doi:
10.2337/db14-1863. [PMID: 25795213] - Wolfgang Bernhard, Marco Raith, Rebecca Kunze, Vera Koch, Martin Heni, Christoph Maas, Harald Abele, Christian F Poets, Axel R Franz. Choline concentrations are lower in postnatal plasma of preterm infants than in cord plasma.
European journal of nutrition.
2015 Aug; 54(5):733-41. doi:
10.1007/s00394-014-0751-7. [PMID: 25148882] - Carly E Visentin, Shannon Masih, Lesley Plumptre, Olga Malysheva, Daiva E Nielsen, Kyoung-Jin Sohn, Anna Ly, Andrea Y Lausman, Howard Berger, Ruth Croxford, Ahmed El-Sohemy, Marie A Caudill, Deborah L O'Connor, Young-In Kim. Maternal Choline Status, but Not Fetal Genotype, Influences Cord Plasma Choline Metabolite Concentrations.
The Journal of nutrition.
2015 Jul; 145(7):1491-7. doi:
10.3945/jn.115.211136. [PMID: 25972528] - Vegard Lysne, Bodil Bjørndal, Rita Vik, Jan Erik Nordrehaug, Jon Skorve, Ottar Nygård, Rolf K Berge. A Protein Extract from Chicken Reduces Plasma Homocysteine in Rats.
Nutrients.
2015 Jun; 7(6):4498-511. doi:
10.3390/nu7064498. [PMID: 26053618] - Gard F T Svingen, Hall Schartum-Hansen, Per M Ueland, Eva R Pedersen, Reinhard Seifert, Marta Ebbing, Kaare H Bønaa, Gunnar Mellgren, Dennis W T Nilsen, Jan E Nordrehaug, Jannike Øyen, Ottar Nygård. Elevated plasma dimethylglycine is a risk marker of mortality in patients with coronary heart disease.
European journal of preventive cardiology.
2015 Jun; 22(6):743-52. doi:
10.1177/2047487314529351. [PMID: 24671904] - Christopher J McEntyre, Michael Lever, Stephen T Chambers, Peter M George, Sandy Slow, Jane L Elmslie, Christopher M Florkowski, Helen Lunt, Jeremy D Krebs. Variation of betaine, N,N-dimethylglycine, choline, glycerophosphorylcholine, taurine and trimethylamine-N-oxide in the plasma and urine of overweight people with type 2 diabetes over a two-year period.
Annals of clinical biochemistry.
2015 May; 52(Pt 3):352-60. doi:
10.1177/0004563214545346. [PMID: 25013088] - J Øyen, G F T Svingen, C G Gjesdal, G S Tell, P M Ueland, V Lysne, E M Apalset, K Meyer, S E Vollset, O K Nygård. Plasma dimethylglycine, nicotine exposure and risk of low bone mineral density and hip fracture: the Hordaland Health Study.
Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA.
2015 May; 26(5):1573-83. doi:
10.1007/s00198-015-3030-4. [PMID: 25616506] - Edel M Keaveney, Ruth K Price, Lesley L Hamill, Julie M W Wallace, Helene McNulty, Mary Ward, J J Strain, Per M Ueland, Anne M Molloy, Vieno Piironen, Walter von Reding, Peter R Shewry, Jane L Ward, Robert W Welch. Postprandial plasma betaine and other methyl donor-related responses after consumption of minimally processed wheat bran or wheat aleurone, or wheat aleurone incorporated into bread.
The British journal of nutrition.
2015 Feb; 113(3):445-53. doi:
10.1017/s0007114514003778. [PMID: 25585164] - Nimzing G Ladep, Anthony C Dona, Matthew R Lewis, Mary M E Crossey, Maud Lemoine, Edith Okeke, Yusuke Shimakawa, Mary Duguru, Harr F Njai, Haddy K S Fye, Makie Taal, John Chetwood, Ben Kasstan, Shahid A Khan, Deborah A Garside, Anisha Wijeyesekera, Andrew V Thillainayagam, Edmund Banwat, Mark R Thursz, Jeremy K Nicholson, Ramou Njie, Elaine Holmes, Simon D Taylor-Robinson. Discovery and validation of urinary metabotypes for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in West Africans.
Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.).
2014 Oct; 60(4):1291-301. doi:
10.1002/hep.27264. [PMID: 24923488] - Michael Lever, Christopher J McEntyre, Peter M George, Sandy Slow, Jane L Elmslie, Helen Lunt, Stephen T Chambers, Amber Parry-Strong, Jeremy D Krebs. Extreme urinary betaine losses in type 2 diabetes combined with bezafibrate treatment are associated with losses of dimethylglycine and choline but not with increased losses of other osmolytes.
Cardiovascular drugs and therapy.
2014 Oct; 28(5):459-68. doi:
10.1007/s10557-014-6542-9. [PMID: 25060556] - M Nitter, B Norgård, S de Vogel, S J P M Eussen, K Meyer, A Ulvik, P M Ueland, O Nygård, S E Vollset, T Bjørge, A Tjønneland, L Hansen, M Boutron-Ruault, A Racine, V Cottet, R Kaaks, T Kühn, A Trichopoulou, C Bamia, A Naska, S Grioni, D Palli, S Panico, R Tumino, P Vineis, H B Bueno-de-Mesquita, H van Kranen, P H Peeters, E Weiderpass, M Dorronsoro, P Jakszyn, M Sánchez, M Argüelles, J M Huerta, A Barricarte, M Johansson, I Ljuslinder, K Khaw, N Wareham, H Freisling, T Duarte-Salles, M Stepien, M J Gunter, E Riboli. Plasma methionine, choline, betaine, and dimethylglycine in relation to colorectal cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC).
Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology.
2014 Aug; 25(8):1609-15. doi:
10.1093/annonc/mdu185. [PMID: 24827130] - Michael Lever, Christopher J McEntyre, Peter M George, Sandy Slow, Stephen T Chambers, Christelle Foucher. Fenofibrate causes elevation of betaine excretion but not excretion of other osmolytes by healthy adults.
Journal of clinical lipidology.
2014 Jul; 8(4):433-40. doi:
10.1016/j.jacl.2014.04.001. [PMID: 25110225] - Gang Wang, Yi Zhou, Feng-Jie Huang, Hui-Dong Tang, Xu-Hua Xu, Jia-Jian Liu, Ying Wang, Yu-Lei Deng, Ru-Jing Ren, Wei Xu, Jian-Fang Ma, Yi-Nan Zhang, Ai-Hua Zhao, Sheng-Di Chen, Wei Jia. Plasma metabolite profiles of Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment.
Journal of proteome research.
2014 May; 13(5):2649-58. doi:
10.1021/pr5000895. [PMID: 24694177] - Hussain Mohamad Awwad, Susanne H Kirsch, Juergen Geisel, Rima Obeid. Measurement of concentrations of whole blood levels of choline, betaine, and dimethylglycine and their relations to plasma levels.
Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences.
2014 Apr; 957(?):41-5. doi:
10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.02.030. [PMID: 24674988] - Stefan de Vogel, Arve Ulvik, Klaus Meyer, Per Magne Ueland, Ottar Nygård, Stein Emil Vollset, Grethe S Tell, Jesse F Gregory, Steinar Tretli, Tone Bjørge. Sarcosine and other metabolites along the choline oxidation pathway in relation to prostate cancer--a large nested case-control study within the JANUS cohort in Norway.
International journal of cancer.
2014 Jan; 134(1):197-206. doi:
10.1002/ijc.28347. [PMID: 23797698] - Brian Tf Wu, Sheila M Innis, Kelly A Mulder, Roger A Dyer, D Janette King. Low plasma vitamin B-12 is associated with a lower pregnancy-associated rise in plasma free choline in Canadian pregnant women and lower postnatal growth rates in their male infants.
The American journal of clinical nutrition.
2013 Nov; 98(5):1209-17. doi:
10.3945/ajcn.113.060269. [PMID: 24004892] - Elisa Brasili, Elena Mengheri, Alberta Tomassini, Giorgio Capuani, Marianna Roselli, Alberto Finamore, Fabio Sciubba, Federico Marini, Alfredo Miccheli. Lactobacillus acidophilus La5 and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 induce different age-related metabolic profiles revealed by 1H-NMR spectroscopy in urine and feces of mice.
The Journal of nutrition.
2013 Oct; 143(10):1549-57. doi:
10.3945/jn.113.177105. [PMID: 23946343] - Gard Frodahl Tveitevåg Svingen, Per Magne Ueland, Eva Kristine Ringdal Pedersen, Hall Schartum-Hansen, Reinhard Seifert, Marta Ebbing, Kjetil Halvorsen Løland, Grethe S Tell, Ottar Nygård. Plasma dimethylglycine and risk of incident acute myocardial infarction in patients with stable angina pectoris.
Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.
2013 Aug; 33(8):2041-8. doi:
10.1161/atvbaha.113.301714. [PMID: 23723367] - Ranwa Alsayed, Faizeh Al Quobaili, Samir Srour, Jürgen Geisel, Rima Obeid. Elevated dimethylglycine in blood of children with congenital heart defects and their mothers.
Metabolism: clinical and experimental.
2013 Aug; 62(8):1074-80. doi:
10.1016/j.metabol.2013.01.024. [PMID: 23481916] - J J Strain, Emeir M McSorley, Edwin van Wijngaarden, Roni W Kobrosly, Maxine P Bonham, Maria S Mulhern, Alison J McAfee, Philip W Davidson, Conrad F Shamlaye, Juliette Henderson, Gene E Watson, Sally W Thurston, Julie M W Wallace, Per M Ueland, Gary J Myers. Choline status and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 5 years of age in the Seychelles Child Development Nutrition Study.
The British journal of nutrition.
2013 Jul; 110(2):330-6. doi:
10.1017/s0007114512005077. [PMID: 23298754] - Sílvia Fernàndez-Roig, Pere Cavallé-Busquets, Joan D Fernandez-Ballart, Monica Ballesteros, Maria Isabel Berrocal-Zaragoza, Judith Salat-Batlle, Per M Ueland, Michelle M Murphy. Low folate status enhances pregnancy changes in plasma betaine and dimethylglycine concentrations and the association between betaine and homocysteine.
The American journal of clinical nutrition.
2013 Jun; 97(6):1252-9. doi:
10.3945/ajcn.112.054189. [PMID: 23595875] - L Prola, J Nery, A Lauwaerts, C Bianchi, L Sterpone, M De Marco, L Pozzo, A Schiavone. Effects of N,N-dimethylglycine sodium salt on apparent digestibility, vitamin E absorption, and serum proteins in broiler chickens fed a high- or low-fat diet.
Poultry science.
2013 May; 92(5):1221-6. doi:
10.3382/ps.2012-02465. [PMID: 23571331] - Apolline Imbard, Yvo M Smulders, Rob Barto, Desiree E C Smith, Robert M Kok, Cornelis Jakobs, Henk J Blom. Plasma choline and betaine correlate with serum folate, plasma S-adenosyl-methionine and S-adenosyl-homocysteine in healthy volunteers.
Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine.
2013 Mar; 51(3):683-92. doi:
10.1515/cclm-2012-0302. [PMID: 23095202] - Ali A Moazzami, Isabel Bondia-Pons, Kati Hanhineva, Katri Juntunen, Nadja Antl, Kaisa Poutanen, Hannu Mykkänen. Metabolomics reveals the metabolic shifts following an intervention with rye bread in postmenopausal women--a randomized control trial.
Nutrition journal.
2012 Oct; 11(?):88. doi:
10.1186/1475-2891-11-88. [PMID: 23088297] - Lindsay Tomlinson, Mark A Tirmenstein, Evan B Janovitz, Nelly Aranibar, Karl-Heinz Ott, John C Kozlosky, Laura M Patrone, William E Achanzar, Karen A Augustine, Kimberly C Brannen, Kenneth E Carlson, Jeffrey H Charlap, Katherine M Dubrow, Liya Kang, Laura T Rosini, Julieta M Panzica-Kelly, Oliver P Flint, Frederic J Moulin, John R Megill, Haiying Zhang, Michael J Bennett, Joseph J Horvath. Cannabinoid receptor antagonist-induced striated muscle toxicity and ethylmalonic-adipic aciduria in beagle dogs.
Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology.
2012 Oct; 129(2):268-79. doi:
10.1093/toxsci/kfs217. [PMID: 22821849] - Baljit K Ubhi, John H Riley, Paul A Shaw, David A Lomas, Ruth Tal-Singer, William MacNee, Julian L Griffin, Susan C Connor. Metabolic profiling detects biomarkers of protein degradation in COPD patients.
The European respiratory journal.
2012 Aug; 40(2):345-55. doi:
10.1183/09031936.00112411. [PMID: 22183483] - Kristina G Flores, Christine A Stidley, Amanda J Mackey, Maria A Picchi, Sally P Stabler, Jill M Siegfried, Tim Byers, Marianne Berwick, Steven A Belinsky, Shuguang Leng. Sex-specific association of sequence variants in CBS and MTRR with risk for promoter hypermethylation in the lung epithelium of smokers.
Carcinogenesis.
2012 Aug; 33(8):1542-7. doi:
10.1093/carcin/bgs194. [PMID: 22665368] - Michael Lever, Sandy Slow, David O McGregor, Warwick J Dellow, Peter M George, Stephen T Chambers. Variability of plasma and urine betaine in diabetes mellitus and its relationship to methionine load test responses: an observational study.
Cardiovascular diabetology.
2012 Jul; 11(?):34. doi:
10.1186/1475-2840-11-34. [PMID: 22510294] - James K Ellis, Toby J Athersuch, Laura D K Thomas, Friederike Teichert, Miriam Pérez-Trujillo, Claus Svendsen, David J Spurgeon, Rajinder Singh, Lars Järup, Jacob G Bundy, Hector C Keun. Metabolic profiling detects early effects of environmental and lifestyle exposure to cadmium in a human population.
BMC medicine.
2012 Jun; 10(?):61. doi:
10.1186/1741-7015-10-61. [PMID: 22713677] - Isabelle D Kalmar, Martin W A Verstegen, Klaus Maenner, Jurgen Zentek, Godelieve Meulemans, Geert P J Janssens. Tolerance and safety evaluation of N,N-dimethylglycine, a naturally occurring organic compound, as a feed additive in broiler diets.
The British journal of nutrition.
2012 Jun; 107(11):1635-44. doi:
10.1017/s0007114511004752. [PMID: 21929832] - Jasmohan S Bajaj, Patrick M Gillevet, Neeral R Patel, Vishwadeep Ahluwalia, Jason M Ridlon, Birgit Kettenmann, Christine M Schubert, Masoumeh Sikaroodi, Douglas M Heuman, Mary M E Crossey, Debulon E Bell, Philip B Hylemon, Panos P Fatouros, Simon D Taylor-Robinson. A longitudinal systems biology analysis of lactulose withdrawal in hepatic encephalopathy.
Metabolic brain disease.
2012 Jun; 27(2):205-15. doi:
10.1007/s11011-012-9303-0. [PMID: 22527995] - Jian Yan, Xinyin Jiang, Allyson A West, Cydne A Perry, Olga V Malysheva, Srisatish Devapatla, Eva Pressman, Francoise Vermeylen, Sally P Stabler, Robert H Allen, Marie A Caudill. Maternal choline intake modulates maternal and fetal biomarkers of choline metabolism in humans.
The American journal of clinical nutrition.
2012 May; 95(5):1060-71. doi:
10.3945/ajcn.111.022772. [PMID: 22418088] - Ying-Jian Sun, Hui-Ping Wang, Yu-Jie Liang, Lin Yang, Wei Li, Yi-Jun Wu. An NMR-based metabonomic investigation of the subacute effects of melamine in rats.
Journal of proteome research.
2012 Apr; 11(4):2544-50. doi:
10.1021/pr2012329. [PMID: 22401608] - Xiao-Jie Liu, Zhen-Yu Li, Zhong-Feng Li, Xiao-Xia Gao, Yu-Zhi Zhou, Hai-Feng Sun, Li-Zeng Zhang, Xiao-Qing Guo, Guan-Hua Du, Xue-Mei Qin. Urinary metabonomic study using a CUMS rat model of depression.
Magnetic resonance in chemistry : MRC.
2012 Mar; 50(3):187-92. doi:
10.1002/mrc.2865. [PMID: 22367791] - Steinar Hustad, Simone Eussen, Øivind Midttun, Arve Ulvik, Puck M van de Kant, Lars Mørkrid, Randi Gislefoss, Per M Ueland. Kinetic modeling of storage effects on biomarkers related to B vitamin status and one-carbon metabolism.
Clinical chemistry.
2012 Feb; 58(2):402-10. doi:
10.1373/clinchem.2011.174490. [PMID: 22194632] - Yingwei Zhang, Shikai Yan, Xiang Gao, Xishan Xiong, Weixing Dai, Xinru Liu, Lin Li, Weidong Zhang, Changlin Mei. Analysis of urinary metabolic profile in aging rats undergoing caloric restriction.
Aging clinical and experimental research.
2012 Feb; 24(1):79-84. doi:
10.3275/7519. [PMID: 21339700] - Tao Huang, Mark L Wahlqvist, Duo Li. Effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid on gene expression of the critical enzymes involved in homocysteine metabolism.
Nutrition journal.
2012 Jan; 11(?):6. doi:
10.1186/1475-2891-11-6. [PMID: 22260268] - Ying Liu, Yi-qun Liu, Tatsuya Morita, Kimio Sugiyama. Effects of betaine supplementation and choline deficiency on folate deficiency-induced hyperhomocysteinemia in rats.
Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology.
2012; 58(2):69-77. doi:
10.3177/jnsv.58.69. [PMID: 22790564] - Brian T F Wu, Roger A Dyer, D Janette King, Kelly J Richardson, Sheila M Innis. Early second trimester maternal plasma choline and betaine are related to measures of early cognitive development in term infants.
PloS one.
2012; 7(8):e43448. doi:
10.1371/journal.pone.0043448. [PMID: 22916264] - Michael Lever, Peter M George, Wendy Atkinson, Jane L Elmslie, Sandy Slow, Sarah L Molyneux, Richard W Troughton, A Mark Richards, Christopher M Frampton, Stephen T Chambers. The contrasting relationships between betaine and homocysteine in two clinical cohorts are associated with plasma lipids and drug treatments.
PloS one.
2012; 7(3):e32460. doi:
10.1371/journal.pone.0032460. [PMID: 22396767] - Michael Lever, Peter M George, Jane L Elmslie, Wendy Atkinson, Sandy Slow, Sarah L Molyneux, Richard W Troughton, A Mark Richards, Christopher M Frampton, Stephen T Chambers. Betaine and secondary events in an acute coronary syndrome cohort.
PloS one.
2012; 7(5):e37883. doi:
10.1371/journal.pone.0037883. [PMID: 22649561] - Ali A Moazzami, Jie-Xian Zhang, Afaf Kamal-Eldin, Per Aman, Göran Hallmans, Jan-Erik Johansson, Sven-Olof Andersson. Nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics enable detection of the effects of a whole grain rye and rye bran diet on the metabolic profile of plasma in prostate cancer patients.
The Journal of nutrition.
2011 Dec; 141(12):2126-32. doi:
10.3945/jn.111.148239. [PMID: 22013201] - Susan M Wernimont, Andrew G Clark, Patrick J Stover, Martin T Wells, Augusto A Litonjua, Scott T Weiss, J Michael Gaziano, Katherine L Tucker, Andrea Baccarelli, Joel Schwartz, Valentina Bollati, Patricia A Cassano. Folate network genetic variation, plasma homocysteine, and global genomic methylation content: a genetic association study.
BMC medical genetics.
2011 Nov; 12(?):150. doi:
10.1186/1471-2350-12-150. [PMID: 22103680] - Patrizia Bernini, Ivano Bertini, Claudio Luchinat, Leonardo Tenori, Adriana Tognaccini. The cardiovascular risk of healthy individuals studied by NMR metabonomics of plasma samples.
Journal of proteome research.
2011 Nov; 10(11):4983-92. doi:
10.1021/pr200452j. [PMID: 21902250] - J Li, X M Li, M Caudill, O Malysheva, F Bardag-Gorce, J Oliva, B A French, E Gorce, K Morgan, E Kathirvel, T Morgan, S W French. Betaine feeding prevents the blood alcohol cycle in rats fed alcohol continuously for 1 month using the rat intragastric tube feeding model.
Experimental and molecular pathology.
2011 Oct; 91(2):540-7. doi:
10.1016/j.yexmp.2011.05.009. [PMID: 21708146] - Xuntian Jiang, Rohini Sidhu, Forbes D Porter, Nicole M Yanjanin, Anneliese O Speak, Danielle Taylor te Vruchte, Frances M Platt, Hideji Fujiwara, David E Scherrer, Jessie Zhang, Dennis J Dietzen, Jean E Schaffer, Daniel S Ory. A sensitive and specific LC-MS/MS method for rapid diagnosis of Niemann-Pick C1 disease from human plasma.
Journal of lipid research.
2011 07; 52(7):1435-45. doi:
10.1194/jlr.d015735. [PMID: 21518695] - Dawn L MacLellan, Diane Mataija, Alan Doucette, Weei Huang, Chantale Langlois, Greg Trottier, Ian W Burton, John A Walter, Tobias K Karakach. Alterations in urinary metabolites due to unilateral ureteral obstruction in a rodent model.
Molecular bioSystems.
2011 Jul; 7(7):2181-8. doi:
10.1039/c1mb05080j. [PMID: 21547298] - Peter Mantle, Mirela Modalca, Andrew Nicholls, Calin Tatu, Diana Tatu, Draga Toncheva. Comparative (1)H NMR metabolomic urinalysis of people diagnosed with Balkan endemic nephropathy, and healthy subjects, in Romania and Bulgaria: a pilot study.
Toxins.
2011 07; 3(7):815-33. doi:
10.3390/toxins3070815. [PMID: 22069742] - Yun-Xia Qian, Juan-Juan Song. [Effects of salinity and betaine on BHMT mRNA expression in Lateolabrax japonicus].
Dong wu xue yan jiu = Zoological research.
2011 Jun; 32(3):277-84. doi:
10.3724/sp.j.1141.2011.03277. [PMID: 21698793] - F Rocher, C Caruba, F Broly, C Lebrun. [L-carnitine treatment and fish odor syndrome: an unwaited adverse effect].
Revue neurologique.
2011 Jun; 167(6-7):541-4. doi:
10.1016/j.neurol.2010.08.015. [PMID: 21481905] - I D Kalmar, A Cools, M W A Verstegen, G Huyghebaert, J Buyse, P Roose, G P J Janssens. Dietary supplementation with dimethylglycine affects broiler performance and plasma metabolites depending on dose and dietary fatty acid profile.
Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition.
2011 Apr; 95(2):146-53. doi:
10.1111/j.1439-0396.2010.01034.x. [PMID: 20666863] - Sheila M Innis, A George F Davidson, Benjamin N Bay, Penelope J Slack, David Hasman. Plasma choline depletion is associated with decreased peripheral blood leukocyte acetylcholine in children with cystic fibrosis.
The American journal of clinical nutrition.
2011 Mar; 93(3):564-8. doi:
10.3945/ajcn.110.005413. [PMID: 21228267] - Shu-Jung Lai, Mei-Chin Lai. Characterization and regulation of the osmolyte betaine synthesizing enzymes GSMT and SDMT from halophilic methanogen Methanohalophilus portucalensis.
PloS one.
2011; 6(9):e25090. doi:
10.1371/journal.pone.0025090. [PMID: 21949863] - Nicole Stone, Faith Pangilinan, Anne M Molloy, Barry Shane, John M Scott, Per Magne Ueland, James L Mills, Peader N Kirke, Praveen Sethupathy, Lawrence C Brody. Bioinformatic and genetic association analysis of microRNA target sites in one-carbon metabolism genes.
PloS one.
2011; 6(7):e21851. doi:
10.1371/journal.pone.0021851. [PMID: 21765920] - Michael Lever, Peter M George, Wendy Atkinson, Sarah L Molyneux, Jane L Elmslie, Sandy Slow, A Mark Richards, Stephen T Chambers. Plasma lipids and betaine are related in an acute coronary syndrome cohort.
PloS one.
2011; 6(7):e21666. doi:
10.1371/journal.pone.0021666. [PMID: 21747945] - Sally Stabler, Tatsuki Koyama, Zhiguo Zhao, Magaly Martinez-Ferrer, Robert H Allen, Zigmund Luka, Lioudmila V Loukachevitch, Peter E Clark, Conrad Wagner, Neil A Bhowmick. Serum methionine metabolites are risk factors for metastatic prostate cancer progression.
PloS one.
2011; 6(8):e22486. doi:
10.1371/journal.pone.0022486. [PMID: 21853037] - Susanne H Kirsch, Wolfgang Herrmann, Yannick Rabagny, Rima Obeid. Quantification of acetylcholine, choline, betaine, and dimethylglycine in human plasma and urine using stable-isotope dilution ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences.
2010 Dec; 878(32):3338-44. doi:
10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.10.016. [PMID: 21074502] - Ivan K S Yap, Ian J Brown, Queenie Chan, Anisha Wijeyesekera, Isabel Garcia-Perez, Magda Bictash, Ruey Leng Loo, Marc Chadeau-Hyam, Timothy Ebbels, Maria De Iorio, Elaine Maibaum, Liancheng Zhao, Hugo Kesteloot, Martha L Daviglus, Jeremiah Stamler, Jeremy K Nicholson, Paul Elliott, Elaine Holmes. Metabolome-wide association study identifies multiple biomarkers that discriminate north and south Chinese populations at differing risks of cardiovascular disease: INTERMAP study.
Journal of proteome research.
2010 Dec; 9(12):6647-54. doi:
10.1021/pr100798r. [PMID: 20853909] - A Cools, D Maes, J Buyse, I D Kalmar, J-A Vandermeiren, G P J Janssens. Effect of N,N-dimethylglycine supplementation in parturition feed for sows on metabolism, nutrient digestibility and reproductive performance.
Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience.
2010 Dec; 4(12):2004-11. doi:
10.1017/s1751731110001242. [PMID: 22445374] - Makoto Takei, Yosuke Ando, Wataru Saitoh, Tomoe Tanimoto, Naoki Kiyosawa, Sunao Manabe, Atsushi Sanbuissho, Osamu Okazaki, Haruo Iwabuchi, Takashi Yamoto, Klaus-Peter Adam, James E Weiel, John A Ryals, Michael V Milburn, Lining Guo. Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether-induced toxicity is mediated through the inhibition of flavoprotein dehydrogenase enzyme family.
Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology.
2010 Dec; 118(2):643-52. doi:
10.1093/toxsci/kfq211. [PMID: 20616209] - I D Kalmar, A Cools, J Buyse, P Roose, G P J Janssens. Dietary N,N-dimethylglycine supplementation improves nutrient digestibility and attenuates pulmonary hypertension syndrome in broilers.
Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition.
2010 Dec; 94(6):e339-47. doi:
10.1111/j.1439-0396.2010.01018.x. [PMID: 20662970] - Kenneth N Maclean, Jakub Sikora, Viktor Kožich, Hua Jiang, Lori S Greiner, Eva Kraus, Jakub Krijt, Katherine H Overdier, Renata Collard, Gary L Brodsky, Lynne Meltesen, Linda S Crnic, Robert H Allen, Sally P Stabler, Milan Elleder, Rima Rozen, David Patterson, Jan P Kraus. A novel transgenic mouse model of CBS-deficient homocystinuria does not incur hepatic steatosis or fibrosis and exhibits a hypercoagulative phenotype that is ameliorated by betaine treatment.
Molecular genetics and metabolism.
2010 Oct; 101(2-3):153-62. doi:
10.1016/j.ymgme.2010.06.010. [PMID: 20638879] - Kenneth N Maclean, Jakub Sikora, Viktor Kožich, Hua Jiang, Lori S Greiner, Eva Kraus, Jakub Krijt, Linda S Crnic, Robert H Allen, Sally P Stabler, Milan Elleder, Jan P Kraus. Cystathionine beta-synthase null homocystinuric mice fail to exhibit altered hemostasis or lowering of plasma homocysteine in response to betaine treatment.
Molecular genetics and metabolism.
2010 Oct; 101(2-3):163-71. doi:
10.1016/j.ymgme.2010.06.007. [PMID: 20638882] - Valentina Medici, Janet M Peerson, Sally P Stabler, Samuel W French, Jesse F Gregory, Maria Catrina Virata, Antony Albanese, Christopher L Bowlus, Sridevi Devaraj, Edward A Panacek, Nazir Rahim, John R Richards, Lorenzo Rossaro, Charles H Halsted. Impaired homocysteine transsulfuration is an indicator of alcoholic liver disease.
Journal of hepatology.
2010 Sep; 53(3):551-7. doi:
10.1016/j.jhep.2010.03.029. [PMID: 20561703] - Jana Strakova, Kelly T Williams, Sapna Gupta, Kevin L Schalinske, Warren D Kruger, Rima Rozen, Jiri Jiracek, Lucas Li, Timothy A Garrow. Dietary intake of S-(alpha-carboxybutyl)-DL-homocysteine induces hyperhomocysteinemia in rats.
Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.).
2010 Jul; 30(7):492-500. doi:
10.1016/j.nutres.2010.06.017. [PMID: 20797482] - Michael Lever, Sandy Slow. The clinical significance of betaine, an osmolyte with a key role in methyl group metabolism.
Clinical biochemistry.
2010 Jun; 43(9):732-44. doi:
10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2010.03.009. [PMID: 20346934] - Daizhi An, Qi Zhang, Shengmin Wu, Jingyu Wei, Jijun Yang, Fangting Dong, Xianzhong Yan, Changjiang Guo. Changes of metabolic profiles in urine after oral administration of quercetin in rats.
Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association.
2010 Jun; 48(6):1521-7. doi:
10.1016/j.fct.2010.03.019. [PMID: 20304023] - Steven F Werder. Cobalamin deficiency, hyperhomocysteinemia, and dementia.
Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment.
2010 May; 6(?):159-95. doi:
10.2147/ndt.s6564. [PMID: 20505848] - Wagner L Araújo, Kimitsune Ishizaki, Adriano Nunes-Nesi, Tony R Larson, Takayuki Tohge, Ina Krahnert, Sandra Witt, Toshihiro Obata, Nicolas Schauer, Ian A Graham, Christopher J Leaver, Alisdair R Fernie. Identification of the 2-hydroxyglutarate and isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenases as alternative electron donors linking lysine catabolism to the electron transport chain of Arabidopsis mitochondria.
The Plant cell.
2010 May; 22(5):1549-63. doi:
10.1105/tpc.110.075630. [PMID: 20501910] - Yanru Liu, Rongqing Huang, Lijun Liu, Jiangnan Peng, Bingkun Xiao, Jianyun Yang, Zhenchun Miao, Honglin Huang. Metabonomics study of urine from Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to Huang-yao-zi using (1)H NMR spectroscopy.
Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.
2010 May; 52(1):136-41. doi:
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