Oxybutynin (BioDeep_00000398964)

Main id: BioDeep_00000002466

 

natural product


代谢物信息卡片


Oxybutynin (Ditropan)

化学式: C22H31NO3 (357.2303816)
中文名称: 奥昔布宁
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 Homo sapiens(blood) 26.67%

分子结构信息

SMILES: C1(=CC=CC=C1)C(C2CCCCC2)(C(=O)OCC#CCN(CC)CC)O
InChI: InChI=1S/C22H31NO3/c1-3-23(4-2)17-11-12-18-26-21(24)22(25,19-13-7-5-8-14-19)20-15-9-6-10-16-20/h5,7-8,13-14,20,25H,3-4,6,9-10,15-18H2,1-2H3

描述信息

G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G04 - Urologicals > G04B - Urologicals > G04BD - Drugs for urinary frequency and incontinence
C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66880 - Anticholinergic Agent > C29704 - Antimuscarinic Agent
D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D010276 - Parasympatholytics
D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000892 - Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary > D008333 - Mandelic Acids
D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D018680 - Cholinergic Antagonists
D000089162 - Genitourinary Agents > D064804 - Urological Agents
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2516
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8497
Oxybutynin is an anticholinergic agent, which inhibits vascular Kv channels in a concentration-dependent manner, with an IC50 of 11.51 μM[1]. Oxybutynin is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.

同义名列表

2 个代谢物同义名

Oxybutynin; Oxybutynin (Ditropan)



数据库引用编号

26 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

PlantCyc(0)

代谢反应

0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(0)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

0 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。



文献列表

  • Lorena M D Cirino, Daviane M C Vergne, Gabrielle B Novais, Amanda Cano, Francine F Padilha, Patrícia Severino, Ricardo L C de Albuquerque Júnior, Juliana C Cardoso, Eliana B Souto. Liposomal formulations of oxybutynin and resiniferatoxin for the treatment of urinary diseases: improvement of drug tolerance upon intravesical. Drug delivery and translational research. 2022 07; 12(7):1738-1752. doi: 10.1007/s13346-021-01082-6. [PMID: 34671947]
  • Yuze Sheng, Shuang Zhang, Jiawei Ling, Chenlu Hu, Zhenhai Zhang, Huixia Lv. Oxybutynin nanosuspension gel for enhanced transdermal treatment for overactive bladder syndrome. Pharmaceutical development and technology. 2022 Apr; 27(4):459-468. doi: 10.1080/10837450.2022.2078983. [PMID: 35575444]
  • Toshiro Suzuki, Tomonori Minagawa, Tetsuichi Saito, Tatsuo Nakagawa, Tomio Suzuki, Masayuki Furuhata, Kyoko Hosaka, Teruyuki Ogawa, Osamu Ishizuka. Effect of oxybutynin patch versus mirabegron on nocturia-related quality of life in female overactive bladder patients: A multicenter randomized trial. International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association. 2021 Sep; 28(9):944-949. doi: 10.1111/iju.14608. [PMID: 34053119]
  • Ali Gözüküçük, Mehmet Kılıç, Basri Çakıroğlu. Desmopressin versus desmopressin + oxybutynin in the treatment of children with nocturnal enuresis. Journal of pediatric urology. 2021 08; 17(4):451.e1-451.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2021.04.001. [PMID: 33931318]
  • Matthew S Lee, Mark Assmus, Deepak Agarwal, Marcelino E Rivera, Tim Large, Amy E Krambeck. Opioid Free Ureteroscopy: What is the True Failure Rate?. Urology. 2021 08; 154(?):89-95. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2021.03.011. [PMID: 33774043]
  • Melanie Kretschmar, Ahmed Abbas Suleiman, Petra Krause, Uwe Albrecht, Raimund Stein, Peter Rubenwolf, Uwe Fuhr, Max Taubert. A Population Pharmacokinetic Model of (R)- and (S-) Oxybutynin and Its Active Metabolites After Oral and Intravesical Administration to Healthy Volunteers. Journal of clinical pharmacology. 2021 07; 61(7):961-971. doi: 10.1002/jcph.1809. [PMID: 33368382]
  • Mark J Henderson, Kathleen A Trychta, Shyh-Ming Yang, Susanne Bäck, Adam Yasgar, Emily S Wires, Carina Danchik, Xiaokang Yan, Hideaki Yano, Lei Shi, Kuo-Jen Wu, Amy Q Wang, Dingyin Tao, Gergely Zahoránszky-Kőhalmi, Xin Hu, Xin Xu, David Maloney, Alexey V Zakharov, Ganesha Rai, Fumihiko Urano, Mikko Airavaara, Oksana Gavrilova, Ajit Jadhav, Yun Wang, Anton Simeonov, Brandon K Harvey. A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome. Cell reports. 2021 04; 35(4):109040. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109040. [PMID: 33910017]
  • Koosha Kamali, Javad Nikbakht, Erfan Ayubi, Mostafa Nabizadeh, Saeedeh Sarhadi. Comparison of the Efficacy of Oxybutynin, Phenazopyridine, Celecoxib, and Placebo in the Treatment of Urinary Tract Symptoms after BCG Therapy in Patients with Bladder Tumors. Urology journal. 2020 Sep; 18(4):439-444. doi: 10.22037/uj.v16i7.5947. [PMID: 32981029]
  • Ahmed Abdelhalim, Ahmed S El-Hefnawy, Mohamed E Dawaba, Mahmoud A Bazeed, Ashraf T Hafez. Effect of Early Oxybutynin Treatment on Posterior Urethral Valve Outcomes in Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial. The Journal of urology. 2020 04; 203(4):826-831. doi: 10.1097/ju.0000000000000691. [PMID: 31821098]
  • Katja Walpurgis, Anja B Scheiff, Meike Welz, Jutta Müller-Reul, Nick Webborn, Christian Görgens, Sven Guddat, Gregor Fußhöller, Josef Dib, Mario Thevis. Pilot study on the effects of intravesical oxybutynin hydrochloride instillations on the validity of doping control urine samples. Drug testing and analysis. 2019 Nov; 11(11-12):1755-1760. doi: 10.1002/dta.2705. [PMID: 31670462]
  • Tobie D Lee, Olivia W Lee, Kyle R Brimacombe, Lu Chen, Rajarshi Guha, Sabrina Lusvarghi, Bethilehem G Tebase, Carleen Klumpp-Thomas, Robert W Robey, Suresh V Ambudkar, Min Shen, Michael M Gottesman, Matthew D Hall. A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Molecular pharmacology. 2019 11; 96(5):629-640. doi: 10.1124/mol.119.115964. [PMID: 31515284]
  • Hongliang Li, Mi Seon Seo, Jin Ryeol An, Hee Seok Jung, Kwon-Soo Ha, Eun-Taek Han, Seok-Ho Hong, Young Min Bae, Dong Ryeol Ryu, Won Sun Park. The anticholinergic drug oxybutynin inhibits voltage-dependent K+ channels in coronary arterial smooth muscle cells. Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology. 2019 11; 46(11):1030-1036. doi: 10.1111/1440-1681.13138. [PMID: 31330060]
  • Yongzhi Tian, Yongqing Wen, Jinghan Sun, Longshan Zhao, Zhili Xiong, Feng Qin. Simultaneous quantification of oxybutynin and its active metabolite N-desethyl oxybutynin in rat plasma by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and its application in a pharmacokinetic study of oxybutynin transdermal patch. Biomedical chromatography : BMC. 2019 Apr; 33(4):e4456. doi: 10.1002/bmc.4456. [PMID: 30536598]
  • Silvio Aprile, Rossana Canavesi, Rosanna Matucci, Cristina Bellucci, Erika Del Grosso, Giorgio Grosa. New insights in the metabolism of oxybutynin: evidence of N-oxidation of propargylamine moiety and rearrangement to enaminoketone. Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems. 2018 May; 48(5):478-487. doi: 10.1080/00498254.2017.1342288. [PMID: 28608746]
  • Luise Borch, Soeren Hagstroem, Konstantinos Kamperis, C V Siggaard, Soeren Rittig. Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation Combined with Oxybutynin is Superior to Monotherapy in Children with Urge Incontinence: A Randomized, Placebo Controlled Study. The Journal of urology. 2017 08; 198(2):430-435. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2017.03.117. [PMID: 28327453]
  • Joe Hong, Jooyeon Lee, Holly Totouom-Tangho, Norma Ramos Dunn, Ronnie Gorman Swift. Methadone-Induced Hyperhidrosis Treated With Oxybutynin. Journal of addiction medicine. 2017 May; 11(3):237-238. doi: 10.1097/adm.0000000000000300. [PMID: 28244893]
  • A Fukata, T Yamazaki. Comparative Influence of Imidafenacin and Oxybutynin on Voiding Function in Rats with Functional Urethral Obstruction. Drug research. 2016 Jun; 66(6):306-11. doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1569410. [PMID: 26979753]
  • Yoshihiko Ito, Michishi Kashiwabara, Akira Yoshida, Eriko Hikiyama, Satomi Onoue, Shizuo Yamada. Muscarinic Receptor Binding in Rat Bladder Urothelium and Detrusor Muscle by Intravesical Solifenacin. Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin. 2016; 39(7):1167-71. doi: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00194. [PMID: 27374291]
  • Pasi Lampela, Teemu Paajanen, Sirpa Hartikainen, Risto Huupponen. Central Anticholinergic Adverse Effects and Their Measurement. Drugs & aging. 2015 Dec; 32(12):963-74. doi: 10.1007/s40266-015-0321-6. [PMID: 26518014]
  • Martien Humblet, Carla Verpoorten, Maria-Helena Christiaens, Herbert Hirche, Katrien Jansen, Gunnar Buyse, Jan D van Gool. Long-term outcome of intravesical oxybutynin in children with detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia: with special reference to age-dependent parameters. Neurourology and urodynamics. 2015 Apr; 34(4):336-42. doi: 10.1002/nau.22560. [PMID: 24436114]
  • Nikolaj Rittig, Søren Hagstroem, Birgitte Mahler, Konstantinos Kamperis, Charlotte Siggaard, Mette Marie Mikkelsen, Wendy Fiona Bower, Jens C Djurhuus, Søren Rittig. Outcome of a standardized approach to childhood urinary symptoms-long-term follow-up of 720 patients. Neurourology and urodynamics. 2014 Jun; 33(5):475-81. doi: 10.1002/nau.22447. [PMID: 23765698]
  • H Kapoor, E Gupta, A Sood. Chronic pelvic ischemia: etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation and management. Minerva urologica e nefrologica = The Italian journal of urology and nephrology. 2014 Jun; 66(2):127-37. doi: ". [PMID: 24988204]
  • Imran Ali, Zeid A Al-Othman, Abdulrahman Al-Warthan, Syed Dilshad Alam, Javed A Farooqi. Enantiomeric separation and simulation studies of pheniramine, oxybutynin, cetirizine, and brinzolamide chiral drugs on amylose-based columns. Chirality. 2014 Mar; 26(3):136-43. doi: 10.1002/chir.22276. [PMID: 24464520]
  • Primal Sharma, Daxesh P Patel, Mallika Sanyal, Swati Guttikar, Pranav S Shrivastav. Parallel achiral-chiral determination of oxybutynin, N-desethyl oxybutynin and their enantiomers in human plasma by LC-MS/MS to support a bioequivalence trial. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 2014 Jan; 88(?):81-91. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.08.032. [PMID: 24036364]
  • Petra Krause, Uwe Fuhr, Jörg Schnitker, Uwe Albrecht, Raimund Stein, Peter Rubenwolf. Pharmacokinetics of intravesical versus oral oxybutynin in healthy adults: results of an open label, randomized, prospective clinical study. The Journal of urology. 2013 Nov; 190(5):1791-7. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2013.05.011. [PMID: 23669567]
  • Primal Sharma, Daxesh P Patel, Mallika Sanyal, Hiren Berawala, Swati Guttikar, Pranav S Shrivastav. Simultaneous analysis of oxybutynin and its active metabolite N-desethyl oxybutynin in human plasma by stable isotope dilution LC-MS/MS to support a bioequivalence study. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 2013 Oct; 84(?):244-55. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.06.024. [PMID: 23867086]
  • Toshiki Hatanaka, Masashi Ukai, Mai Watanabe, Akiyoshi Someya, Akiyoshi Ohtake, Masanori Suzuki, Koji Ueshima, Shuichi Sato, Seiji Kaku. Effect of mirabegron, a novel β3-adrenoceptor agonist, on bladder function during storage phase in rats. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology. 2013 Jan; 386(1):71-8. doi: 10.1007/s00210-012-0814-3. [PMID: 23224420]
  • V Schuler, K Suter, K Fürer, D Eberli, M Horst, C Betschart, R Brenneisen, M Hamburger, M Mennet, M Schnelle, A P Simões-Wüst, U von Mandach. Bryophyllum pinnatum inhibits detrusor contractility in porcine bladder strips--a pharmacological study towards a new treatment option of overactive bladder. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology. 2012 Jul; 19(10):947-51. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.05.003. [PMID: 22824522]
  • Yuichiro Sato, Aiji Miyashita, Takafumi Iwatsubo, Takashi Usui. Simultaneous absolute protein quantification of carboxylesterases 1 and 2 in human liver tissue fractions using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2012 Jul; 40(7):1389-96. doi: 10.1124/dmd.112.045054. [PMID: 22504157]
  • Thomas Guttuso. Effective and clinically meaningful non-hormonal hot flash therapies. Maturitas. 2012 May; 72(1):6-12. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2012.01.023. [PMID: 22377187]
  • Aniruddh V Deshpande, Patrina H Y Caldwell. Medical management of nocturnal enuresis. Paediatric drugs. 2012 Apr; 14(2):71-7. doi: 10.2165/11594870-000000000-00000. [PMID: 22168597]
  • Tryggve Nevéus. Nocturnal enuresis-theoretic background and practical guidelines. Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany). 2011 Aug; 26(8):1207-14. doi: 10.1007/s00467-011-1762-8. [PMID: 21267599]
  • Ernesto Callegari, Bimal Malhotra, Peter J Bungay, Rob Webster, Katherine S Fenner, Sarah Kempshall, Jennifer L LaPerle, Martin C Michel, Gary G Kay. A comprehensive non-clinical evaluation of the CNS penetration potential of antimuscarinic agents for the treatment of overactive bladder. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 2011 Aug; 72(2):235-46. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2011.03961.x. [PMID: 21392072]
  • Yasuto Kido, Pär Matsson, Kathleen M Giacomini. Profiling of a prescription drug library for potential renal drug-drug interactions mediated by the organic cation transporter 2. Journal of medicinal chemistry. 2011 Jul; 54(13):4548-58. doi: 10.1021/jm2001629. [PMID: 21599003]
  • Hiroshi Nagabukuro, Katherine L Villa, L Alexandra Wickham, Alison A Kulick, Loise Gichuru, Marcie J Donnelly, Gregory O Voronin, Tony Pereira, Xinchun Tong, Andrew Nichols, Stephen E Alves, Gary P O'Neill, Christopher V Johnson, Emily J Hickey. Comparative analysis of the effects of antimuscarinic agents on bladder functions in both nonhuman primates and rodents. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics. 2011 Jul; 338(1):220-7. doi: 10.1124/jpet.111.179747. [PMID: 21459965]
  • Stine Mjåvatn Jakobsen, Hege Kersten, Espen Molden. Evaluation of brain anticholinergic activities of urinary spasmolytic drugs using a high-throughput radio receptor bioassay. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2011 Mar; 59(3):501-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.03307.x. [PMID: 21391941]
  • Birger Wenge, Joachim Geyer, Heinz Bönisch. Oxybutynin and trospium are substrates of the human organic cation transporters. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology. 2011 Feb; 383(2):203-8. doi: 10.1007/s00210-010-0590-x. [PMID: 21212936]
  • Shizuo Yamada, Masanao Seki, Masaki Ogoda, Ayako Fukata, Miho Nakamura, Yoshihiko Ito. Selective binding of bladder muscarinic receptors in relation to the pharmacokinetics of a novel antimuscarinic agent, imidafenacin, to treat overactive bladder. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics. 2011 Feb; 336(2):365-71. doi: 10.1124/jpet.110.172288. [PMID: 21047953]
  • Naoya Masumori, Shintaro Miyamoto, Taiji Tsukamoto, Seiji Furuya, Akihiko Iwasawa, Takashi Sato, Naoki Itoh, Akihiko Shibuya, Toshiro Oda. The efficacy and safety of propiverine hydrochloride in patients with overactive bladder symptoms who poorly responded to previous anticholinergic agents. Advances in urology. 2011; 2011(?):714978. doi: 10.1155/2011/714978. [PMID: 21747845]
  • Roger R Dmochowski, Diane K Newman, Peter K Sand, Delbert C Rudy, Kim E Caramelli, Heather Thomas, Gary Hoel. Pharmacokinetics of oxybutynin chloride topical gel: effects of application site, baths, sunscreen and person-to-person transference. Clinical drug investigation. 2011; 31(8):559-571. doi: 10.2165/11588990-000000000-00000. [PMID: 21721591]
  • Cees Korstanje, Walter Krauwinkel. Specific pharmacokinetic aspects of the urinary tract. Handbook of experimental pharmacology. 2011; ?(202):267-82. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-16499-6_13. [PMID: 21290231]
  • Ki Hong Kim, Young Sig Kim. Correlation of male overactive bladder with intravesical prostatic protrusion. Korean journal of urology. 2010 Dec; 51(12):843-6. doi: 10.4111/kju.2010.51.12.843. [PMID: 21221204]
  • Stéphane Bolduc, Katherine Moore, Geneviève Nadeau, Sylvie Lebel, Pascale Lamontagne, Micheline Hamel. Prospective open label study of solifenacin for overactive bladder in children. The Journal of urology. 2010 Oct; 184(4 Suppl):1668-73. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2010.03.124. [PMID: 20728124]
  • Manoj K Poonia, Ginpreet Kaur, Meena Chintamaneni, Ilesh Changela. New insights into molecular targets for urinary incontinence. Indian journal of pharmacology. 2010 Oct; 42(5):261-6. doi: 10.4103/0253-7613.69980. [PMID: 21206614]
  • Hiroshi Nagabukuro, Amanda Degenhardt, Katherine L Villa, Shruti L Mistry, Loise Gichuru, Nina Jochnowitz, Catherine Abbadie. Correlation between pharmacologically-induced changes in cystometric parameters and spinal c-Fos expression in rats. Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical. 2010 Aug; 156(1-2):19-26. doi: 10.1016/j.autneu.2010.02.006. [PMID: 20335078]
  • D R Staskin, S Salvatore. Oxybutynin topical and transdermal formulations: an update. Drugs of today (Barcelona, Spain : 1998). 2010 Jun; 46(6):417-25. doi: 10.1358/dot.2010.46.6.1487750. [PMID: 20571610]
  • Ayesha Saleem. In women with urinary incontinence how necessary is cystometry?. JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association. 2010 May; 60(5):356-9. doi: NULL. [PMID: 20527606]
  • Jean-Jacques Wyndaele. Pediatrics: combining antimuscarinics shows promise for overactive bladder. Nature reviews. Urology. 2010 Feb; 7(2):66-8. doi: 10.1038/nrurol.2010.1. [PMID: 20145662]
  • Subramanian Vaidyanathan, Bakul M Soni, Tun Oo, Peter L Hughes, Gurpreet Singh. Fatal Septicaemia Following Suprapubic Cystostomy in a Paraplegic Patient: Never Do a Cystostomy without Prior Urine Culture and Appropriate Antibiogram!. Case reports in medicine. 2010; 2010(?):461514. doi: 10.1155/2010/461514. [PMID: 20589219]
  • Subramanian Vaidyanathan, Bakul M Soni, Gurpreet Singh, Peter L Hughes, Paul Mansour, Tun Oo. Complications of Benchekroun vesicostomy in a spina bifida patient: severe stenosis requiring permanent suprapubic cystostomy, recurrent vesical calculi and abdominal hernia containing ileocystoplasty - a case report. Cases journal. 2009 Dec; 2(?):9371. doi: 10.1186/1757-1626-2-9371. [PMID: 20062545]
  • David R Staskin, Dudley Robinson. Oxybutynin chloride topical gel: a new formulation of an established antimuscarinic therapy for overactive bladder. Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy. 2009 Dec; 10(18):3103-11. doi: 10.1517/14656560903451682. [PMID: 19954278]
  • Pranav S Garimella, Howard A Fink, Roderick Macdonald, Timothy J Wilt. Naftopidil for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms compatible with benign prostatic hyperplasia. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2009 Oct; ?(4):CD007360. doi: 10.1002/14651858.cd007360.pub2. [PMID: 19821408]
  • Michael J Kennelly, Gary E Lemack, Jenelle E Foote, Cynthia S Trop. Efficacy and safety of oxybutynin transdermal system in spinal cord injury patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity and incontinence: an open-label, dose-titration study. Urology. 2009 Oct; 74(4):741-5. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2009.05.008. [PMID: 19628264]
  • Patrick C Cartwright, Douglas E Coplen, Barry A Kogan, Weining Volinn, Eileen Finan, Gary Hoel. Efficacy and safety of transdermal and oral oxybutynin in children with neurogenic detrusor overactivity. The Journal of urology. 2009 Oct; 182(4):1548-54. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2009.06.058. [PMID: 19683731]
  • Stéphane Bolduc, Katherine Moore, Sylvie Lebel, Pascale Lamontagne, Micheline Hamel. Double anticholinergic therapy for refractory overactive bladder. The Journal of urology. 2009 Oct; 182(4 Suppl):2033-8. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2009.05.099. [PMID: 19695628]
  • Peter K Sand. The evolution of transdermal therapy for overactive bladder. Current urology reports. 2009 Sep; 10(5):338-41. doi: 10.1007/s11934-009-0053-4. [PMID: 19709479]
  • Subramanian Vaidyanathan, Paul Mansour, Bakul M Soni, Peter L Hughes, Gurpreet Singh, Tun Oo. Marked hydronephrosis and hydroureter after distigmine therapy in an adult male patient with paraplegia due to spinal cord injury: a case report. Cases journal. 2009 Aug; 2(?):7333. doi: 10.4076/1757-1626-2-7333. [PMID: 19918519]
  • Yoshihiko Ito, Luvsandorj Oyunzul, Akira Yoshida, Tomomi Fujino, Yukiko Noguchi, Hironori Yuyama, Akiyoshi Ohtake, Masanori Suzuki, Masao Sasamata, Minoru Matsui, Shizuo Yamada. Comparison of muscarinic receptor selectivity of solifenacin and oxybutynin in the bladder and submandibular gland of muscarinic receptor knockout mice. European journal of pharmacology. 2009 Aug; 615(1-3):201-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.04.068. [PMID: 19446545]
  • Saori Nishijima, Kimio Sugaya, Katsumi Kadekawa, Hidekatsu Naka, Minoru Miyazato. Comparison of the effect of anti-muscarinic agents on bladder activity, urinary ATP level, and autonomic nervous system in rats. Biomedical research (Tokyo, Japan). 2009 Apr; 30(2):107-12. doi: 10.2220/biomedres.30.107. [PMID: 19420734]
  • Kelly Biastre, Thomas Burnakis. Trospium chloride treatment of overactive bladder. The Annals of pharmacotherapy. 2009 Feb; 43(2):283-95. doi: 10.1345/aph.1l160. [PMID: 19193592]
  • Angela K Götz, Stephan W Reinhold, Alexander Szecsey, Bernhard Banas, Bernhard K Krämer. Severe anticholinergic drug-induced delirium in a young adult after renal transplantation. Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation. 2009 Feb; 22(2):249-50. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2008.00759.x. [PMID: 18786150]
  • Oxana Doroshyenko, Uwe Fuhr. Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of solifenacin. Clinical pharmacokinetics. 2009; 48(5):281-302. doi: 10.2165/00003088-200948050-00001. [PMID: 19566112]
  • Laxminarayan G Hegde, Xiao Li Ping, Nina Jochnowitz, Douglas A Craig. The role of melanin-concentrating hormone-1 receptors in the voiding reflex in rats. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics. 2009 Jan; 328(1):165-73. doi: 10.1124/jpet.108.143495. [PMID: 18849359]
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