Reaction Process: WikiPathways:WP632
Cholesterol metabolism related metabolites
find 14 related metabolites which is associated with chemical reaction(pathway) Cholesterol metabolism
Dehydrocholesterol ⟶ Cholesterol
Dimethylallylpyrophosphate
Prenyl diphosphate is a prenol phosphate that is a phosphoantigen comprising the O-pyrophosphate of prenol. It has a role as an epitope, a phosphoantigen, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a prenyl diphosphate(3-). Dimethylallylpyrophosphate is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Dimethylallyl diphosphate is a natural product found in Centaurium erythraea, Streptomyces albidoflavus, and other organisms with data available. Dimethylallylpyrophosphate is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Dimethylallylpyrophosphate, also known as 2-isopentenyl diphosphate or delta-prenyl diphosphoric acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as isoprenoid phosphates. These are prenol lipids containing a phosphate group linked to an isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene) unit. Dimethylallylpyrophosphate is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (or -diphosphate) (DMAPP) is an intermediate product of both mevalonic acid (MVA) pathway and DOXP/MEP pathway. It is an isomer of isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and exists in virtually all life forms. A prenol phosphate that is a phosphoantigen comprising the O-pyrophosphate of prenol.
Squalene
Squalene is an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon (carotenoid) with six unconjugated double bonds found in human sebum (5\\\\%), fish liver oils, yeast lipids, and many vegetable oils (e.g. palm oil, cottonseed oil, rapeseed oil). Squalene is a volatile component of the scent material from Saguinus oedipus (cotton-top tamarin monkey) and Saguinus fuscicollis (saddle-back tamarin monkey) (Hawleys Condensed Chemical Reference). Squalene is a component of adult human sebum that is principally responsible for fixing fingerprints (ChemNetBase). It is a natural organic compound originally obtained for commercial purposes primarily from shark liver oil, though there are botanical sources as well, including rice bran, wheat germ, and olives. All higher organisms produce squalene, including humans. It is a hydrocarbon and a triterpene. Squalene is a biochemical precursor to the whole family of steroids. Oxidation of one of the terminal double bonds of squalene yields 2,3-squalene oxide which undergoes enzyme-catalyzed cyclization to afford lanosterol, which is then elaborated into cholesterol and other steroids. Squalene is a low-density compound often stored in the bodies of cartilaginous fishes such as sharks, which lack a swim bladder and must therefore reduce their body density with fats and oils. Squalene, which is stored mainly in the sharks liver, is lighter than water with a specific gravity of 0.855 (Wikipedia) Squalene is used as a bactericide. It is also an intermediate in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, rubber chemicals, and colouring materials (Physical Constants of Chemical Substances). Trans-squalene is a clear, slightly yellow liquid with a faint odor. Density 0.858 g / cm3. Squalene is a triterpene consisting of 2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosane having six double bonds at the 2-, 6-, 10-, 14-, 18- and 22-positions with (all-E)-configuration. It has a role as a human metabolite, a plant metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite and a mouse metabolite. Squalene is originally obtained from shark liver oil. It is a natural 30-carbon isoprenoid compound and intermediate metabolite in the synthesis of cholesterol. It is not susceptible to lipid peroxidation and provides skin protection. It is ubiquitously distributed in human tissues where it is transported in serum generally in association with very low density lipoproteins. Squalene is investigated as an adjunctive cancer therapy. Squalene is a natural product found in Ficus septica, Garcinia multiflora, and other organisms with data available. squalene is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A natural 30-carbon triterpene. See also: Olive Oil (part of); Shark Liver Oil (part of). A triterpene consisting of 2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosane having six double bonds at the 2-, 6-, 10-, 14-, 18- and 22-positions with (all-E)-configuration. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Squalene is an intermediate product in the synthesis of cholesterol, and shows several pharmacological properties such as hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, antioxidant, and antitoxicant activity. Squalene also has anti-fungal activity and can be used for the research of Trichophyton mentagrophytes research[2]. Squalene is an intermediate product in the synthesis of cholesterol, and shows several pharmacological properties such as hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, antioxidant, and antitoxicant activity. Squalene also has anti-fungal activity and can be used for the research of Trichophyton mentagrophytes research[2].
Isopentenyl pyrophosphate
Isopentenyl pyrophosphate, also known as delta3-isopentenyl diphosphate or ipp, is a member of the class of compounds known as isoprenoid phosphates. Isoprenoid phosphates are prenol lipids containing a phosphate group linked to an isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene) unit. Thus, isopentenyl pyrophosphate is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Isopentenyl pyrophosphate is slightly soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). Isopentenyl pyrophosphate can be found in a number of food items such as american butterfish, conch, tea leaf willow, and butternut, which makes isopentenyl pyrophosphate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Isopentenyl pyrophosphate can be found primarily in human spleen tissue. Isopentenyl pyrophosphate exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, isopentenyl pyrophosphate is involved in several metabolic pathways, some of which include ibandronate action pathway, lovastatin action pathway, fluvastatin action pathway, and pravastatin action pathway. Isopentenyl pyrophosphate is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include hypercholesterolemia, hyper-igd syndrome, lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (wolman disease), and wolman disease. Isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP, isopentenyl diphosphate, or IDP) is an isoprenoid precursor. IPP is an intermediate in the classical, HMG-CoA reductase pathway (commonly called the mevalonate pathway) and in the non-mevalonate MEP pathway of isoprenoid precursor biosynthesis. Isoprenoid precursors such as IPP, and its isomer DMAPP, are used by organisms in the biosynthesis of terpenes and terpenoids . Isopentenyl pyrophosphate, IPP or isopentenyl diphosphate, is an intermediate in the HMG-CoA reductase pathway used by organisms in the biosynthesis of terpenes and terpenoids. IPP is formed from Mevalonate-5-pyrophosphate, in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme mevalonate-5-pyrophosphate decarboxylase. (wikipedia).
Mevalonic acid
Mevalonic acid, also known as MVA, mevalonate, or hiochic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxy fatty acids. These are fatty acids in which the chain bears a hydroxyl group. Mevalonic acid is a key organic compound in biochemistry. It is found in most higher organisms ranging from plants to animals. Mevalonic acid is a precursor in the biosynthetic pathway known as the mevalonate pathway that produces terpenes (in plants) and steroids (in animals). Mevalonic acid is the primary precursor of isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP), that is in turn the basis for all terpenoids. The production of mevalonic acid by the enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, is the rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of cholesterol (PMID: 12872277). The cholesterol biosynthetic pathway has three major steps: (1) acetate to mevalonate, (2) mevalonate to squalene, and (3) squalene to cholesterol. In the first step, which catalyzed by thiolase, two acetyl-CoA molecules form acetoacetyl-CoA and one CoA molecule is released, then the acetoacetyl-CoA reacts with another molecule of acetyl-CoA and generates 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMGCoA). The enzyme responsible for this reaction is 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (HMG-CoA synthase): In the pathway to synthesize cholesterol, one of the HMG-CoA carboxyl groups undergoes reduction to an alcohol, releasing CoA, leading to the formation of mevalonate, a six carbon compound. This reaction is catalyzed by hydroxy-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, In the second step (mevalonate to squalene) mevalonate receives a phosphoryl group from ATP to form 5-phosphomevalonate. This compound accepts another phosphate to generate mevalonate-5-pyrophosphate. After a third phosphorylation, the compound is decarboxylated, loses water, and generates isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP). Then through successive condensations, IPP forms squalene, a terpene hydrocarbon that contains 30 carbon atoms. By cyclization and other changes, this compound will finally result in cholesterol. Mevalonic acid is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as apples, corns, and wild carrots and in a lower concentration in garden tomato (var.), pepper (C. frutescens), and cucumbers. Mevalonic acid has also been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as sweet oranges, potato, milk (cow), cabbages, and white cabbages. This could make mevalonic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of MVA are decreased by HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor drugs such as pravastatin, simvastatin, and atorvastatin (PMID: 8808497). Mevalonic acid (MVA) is a key organic compound in biochemistry. The anion of mevalonic acid, the predominant form in biological media, is known as mevalonate. This compound is of major pharmaceutical importance. Drugs, such as the statins, stop the production of mevalonate by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase. [Wikipedia]. Mevalonic acid is found in many foods, some of which are pepper (c. frutescens), cabbage, wild carrot, and white cabbage.
Farnesyl pyrophosphate
Farnesyl pyrophosphate is an intermediate in the HMG-CoA reductase pathway used by organisms in the biosynthesis of terpenes and terpenoids. -- Wikipedia [HMDB]. Farnesyl pyrophosphate is found in many foods, some of which are kumquat, macadamia nut, sweet bay, and agave. Farnesyl pyrophosphate is an intermediate in the HMG-CoA reductase pathway used by organisms in the biosynthesis of terpenes and terpenoids. -- Wikipedia.
Acetyl-CoA
The main function of coenzyme A is to carry acyl groups (such as the acetyl group) or thioesters. Acetyl-CoA is an important molecule itself. It is the precursor to HMG CoA, which is a vital component in cholesterol and ketone synthesis. (wikipedia). acetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent. The main function of coenzyme A is to carry acyl groups (such as the acetyl group) or thioesters. Acetyl-CoA is an important molecule itself. It is the precursor to HMG CoA, which is a vital component in cholesterol and ketone synthesis. (wikipedia)
Cholesterol
Cholesterol is a sterol (a combination steroid and alcohol) and a lipid found in the cell membranes of all body tissues and transported in the blood plasma of all animals. The name originates from the Greek chole- (bile) and stereos (solid), and the chemical suffix -ol for an alcohol. This is because researchers first identified cholesterol in solid form in gallstones in 1784. In the body, cholesterol can exist in either the free form or as an ester with a single fatty acid (of 10-20 carbons in length) covalently attached to the hydroxyl group at position 3 of the cholesterol ring. Due to the mechanism of synthesis, plasma cholesterol esters tend to contain relatively high proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Most of the cholesterol consumed as a dietary lipid exists as cholesterol esters. Cholesterol esters have a lower solubility in water than cholesterol and are more hydrophobic. They are hydrolyzed by the pancreatic enzyme cholesterol esterase to produce cholesterol and free fatty acids. Cholesterol has vital structural roles in membranes and in lipid metabolism in general. It is a biosynthetic precursor of bile acids, vitamin D, and steroid hormones (glucocorticoids, estrogens, progesterones, androgens and aldosterone). In addition, it contributes to the development and functioning of the central nervous system, and it has major functions in signal transduction and sperm development. Cholesterol is a ubiquitous component of all animal tissues where much of it is located in the membranes, although it is not evenly distributed. The highest proportion of unesterified cholesterol is in the plasma membrane (roughly 30-50\\\\% of the lipid in the membrane or 60-80\\\\% of the cholesterol in the cell), while mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum have very low cholesterol contents. Cholesterol is also enriched in early and recycling endosomes, but not in late endosomes. The brain contains more cholesterol than any other organ where it comprises roughly a quarter of the total free cholesterol in the human body. Of all the organic constituents of blood, only glucose is present in a higher molar concentration than cholesterol. Cholesterol esters appear to be the preferred form for transport in plasma and as a biologically inert storage (de-toxified) form. They do not contribute to membranes but are packed into intracellular lipid particles. Cholesterol molecules (i.e. cholesterol esters) are transported throughout the body via lipoprotein particles. The largest lipoproteins, which primarily transport fats from the intestinal mucosa to the liver, are called chylomicrons. They carry mostly triglyceride fats and cholesterol that are from food, especially internal cholesterol secreted by the liver into the bile. In the liver, chylomicron particles give up triglycerides and some cholesterol. They are then converted into low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, which carry triglycerides and cholesterol on to other body cells. In healthy individuals, the LDL particles are large and relatively few in number. In contrast, large numbers of small LDL particles are strongly associated with promoting atheromatous disease within the arteries. (Lack of information on LDL particle number and size is one of the major problems of conventional lipid tests.). In conditions with elevated concentrations of oxidized LDL particles, especially small LDL particles, cholesterol promotes atheroma plaque deposits in the walls of arteries, a condition known as atherosclerosis, which is a major contributor to coronary heart disease and other forms of cardiovascular disease. There is a worldwide trend to believe that lower total cholesterol levels tend to correlate with lower atherosclerosis event rates (though some studies refute this idea). As a result, cholesterol has become a very large focus for the scientific community trying to determine the proper amount of cholesterol needed in a healthy diet. However, the primary association of atherosclerosis with c... Constituent either free or as esters, of fish liver oils, lard, dairy fats, egg yolk and bran Cholesterol is the major sterol in mammals. It is making up 20-25\\% of structural component of the plasma membrane. Plasma membranes are highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of the membrane as well as the function of both the transporters and signaling proteins[1][2]. Cholesterol is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) agonist[3]. Cholesterol is the major sterol in mammals. It is making up 20-25\% of structural component of the plasma membrane. Plasma membranes are highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of the membrane as well as the function of both the transporters and signaling proteins[1][2]. Cholesterol is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) agonist[3].
Lanosterol
Lanosterol, also known as lanosterin, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as triterpenoids. These are terpene molecules containing six isoprene units. Thus, lanosterol is considered to be a sterol lipid molecule. Lanosterol is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. Lanosterol is biochemically synthesized starting from acetyl-CoA by the HMG-CoA reductase pathway. The critical step is the enzymatic conversion of the acyclic terpene squalene to the polycylic lanosterol via 2,3-squalene oxide. Constituent of wool fat used e.g. as chewing-gum softenerand is) also from yeast COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
Geranyl-PP
Geranyl diphosphate is the precursor of monoterpenes, a large family of natural occurring C10 compounds predominately found in plants and animals. Geranyl diphosphate is regarded as a key intermediate in the steroid, isoprene and terpene biosynthesis pathways and is used by organisms in the biosynthesis of farnesyl pyrophosphate, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, cholesterol, terpenes and terpenoids. (wikipedia). In humans, geranyl diphosphate synthase (GPPS) catalyzes the condensation of dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) and isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) to form geranyl diphosphate. Animals produce IPP through the mevalonate (MVA) pathway. Isoprenoid compounds have been implicated in several human disease states including coronary heart disease, blindness, infectious hepatitis and cancer.; ; Geranyl pyrophosphate is an intermediate in the HMG-CoA reductase pathway used by organisms in the biosynthesis of terpenes and terpenoids. -- Wikipedia; Geranyl pyrophosphate is an intermediate in the HMG-CoA reductase pathway used by organisms in the biosynthesis of farnesyl pyrophosphate, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, cholesterol, terpenes and terpenoids. Geranyl diphosphate is the precursor of monoterpenes, a large family of natural occurring C10 compounds predominately found in plants and animals. Geranyl diphosphate is regarded as a key intermediate in the steroid, isoprene and terpene biosynthesis pathways and is used by organisms in the biosynthesis of farnesyl pyrophosphate, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, cholesterol, terpenes and terpenoids. (wikipedia). In humans, geranyl diphosphate synthase (GPPS) catalyzes the condensation of dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) and isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) to form geranyl diphosphate. Animals produce IPP through the mevalonate (MVA) pathway. Isoprenoid compounds have been implicated in several human disease states including coronary heart disease, blindness, infectious hepatitis and cancer. Geranyl pyrophosphate is an intermediate in the HMG-CoA reductase pathway used by organisms in the biosynthesis of terpenes and terpenoids. -- Wikipedia.
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) (CAS: 1553-55-5) is formed when acetyl-CoA condenses with acetoacetyl-CoA in a reaction that is catalyzed by the enzyme HMG-CoA synthase in the mevalonate pathway or mevalonate-dependent (MAD) route, an important cellular metabolic pathway present in virtually all organisms. HMG-CoA reductase (EC 1.1.1.34) inhibitors, more commonly known as statins, are cholesterol-lowering drugs that have been widely used for many years to reduce the incidence of adverse cardiovascular events. HMG-CoA reductase catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the mevalonate pathway and these agents lower cholesterol by inhibiting its synthesis in the liver and in peripheral tissues. Androgen also stimulates lipogenesis in human prostate cancer cells directly by increasing transcription of the fatty acid synthase and HMG-CoA-reductase genes (PMID: 14689582). (s)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa, also known as hmg-coa or hydroxymethylglutaroyl coenzyme a, is a member of the class of compounds known as (s)-3-hydroxy-3-alkylglutaryl coas (s)-3-hydroxy-3-alkylglutaryl coas are 3-hydroxy-3-alkylglutaryl-CoAs where the 3-hydroxy-3-alkylglutaryl component has (S)-configuration. Thus, (s)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa is considered to be a fatty ester lipid molecule (s)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa is slightly soluble (in water) and an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa). (s)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa can be found in a number of food items such as watercress, burdock, spirulina, and chicory, which makes (s)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products (s)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa may be a unique S.cerevisiae (yeast) metabolite.
(S)-2,3-Epoxysqualene
(S)-2,3-Epoxysqualene, also known as 2,3-oxidosqualene or (S)-squalene-2,3-epoxide, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as triterpenoids. These are terpene molecules containing six isoprene units. Thus, (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. (S)-2,3-Epoxysqualene is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. (S)-2,3-Epoxysqualene is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of terpenoid. It is a substrate for squalene monooxygenase and lanosterol synthase. (S)-2,3-Epoxysqualene is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of Terpenoid. It is a substrate for Squalene monooxygenase and Lanosterol synthase. [HMDB]. (S)-2,3-Epoxysqualene is found in many foods, some of which are new zealand spinach, lime, cassava, and cloves.
7-Dehydrocholesterol
7-Dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC), also known as provitamin D3 or 5,7-cholestadien-3-b-ol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as cholesterols and derivatives. Cholesterols and derivatives are compounds containing a 3-hydroxylated cholestane core. Thus, 7-dehydrocholesterol is also classified as a sterol. 7-Dehydrocholesterol is known as a zoosterol, meaning that it is a sterol isolated from animals (to distinguish those sterols isolated from plants which are called phytosterols). 7-DHC functions in the serum as a cholesterol precursor and is photochemically converted to vitamin D3 in the skin. Therefore 7-DHC functions as provitamin-D3. The presence of 7-DHC in human skin enables humans and other mammals to manufacture vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) from ultraviolet rays in the sun light, via an intermediate isomer pre-vitamin D3. 7-DHC absorbs UV light most effectively at wavelengths between 290 and 320 nm and, thus, the production of vitamin D3 will occur primarily at those wavelengths (PMID: 9625080). The two most important factors that govern the generation of pre-vitamin D3 are the quantity (intensity) and quality (appropriate wavelength) of the UVB irradiation reaching the 7-dehydrocholesterol deep in the stratum basale and stratum spinosum (PMID: 9625080). 7-DHC is also found in the milk of several mammalian species, including cows (PMID: 10999630; PMID: 225459). It was discovered by Nobel-laureate organic chemist Adolf Windaus. 7-DHC can be produced by animals and plants via different pathways (PMID: 23717318). It is not produced by fungi in significant amounts. 7-DHC is made by some algae and can also be produced by some bacteria. 7-Dehydrocholesterol is a zoosterol (a sterol produced by animals rather than plants). It is a provitamin-D. The presence of this compound in skin enables humans to manufacture vitamin D3 from ultra-violet rays in the sun light, via an intermediate isomer provitamin D3. It is also found in breast milk. [HMDB] D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins > D000072664 - Provitamins 7-Dehydrocholesterol is biosynthetic precursor of cholesterol and vitamin D3. 7-Dehydrocholesterol is biosynthetic precursor of cholesterol and vitamin D3.
Lathosterol
Lathosterol is a a sterol (a combination steroid and alcohol) and a lipid found in the cell membranes of all body tissues, and transported in the blood plasma of all animals. It is used as an indicator of whole-body cholesterol synthesis (PMID 14511438). Plasma lathosterol levels are significantly elevated in patients with bile acid malabsorption (PMID: 8777839). Lathosterol oxidase (EC 1.14.21.6) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 cholesta-5,7-dien-3beta-ol + NAD(P)+ + 2 H2O [HMDB] Lathosterol is a a sterol (a combination steroid and alcohol) and a lipid found in the cell membranes of all body tissues, and transported in the blood plasma of all animals. It is used as an indicator of whole-body cholesterol synthesis (PMID 14511438). Plasma lathosterol levels are significantly elevated in patients with bile acid malabsorption (PMID:8777839). Lathosterol oxidase (EC 1.14.21.6) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 cholesta-5,7-dien-3beta-ol + NAD(P)+ + 2 H2O. Lathosterol is a cholesterol-like molecule. Serum Lathosterol concentration is an indicator of whole-body cholesterol synthesis. Lathosterol is a cholesterol-like molecule. Serum Lathosterol concentration is an indicator of whole-body cholesterol synthesis.
(R)-Mevalonic acid-5-pyrophosphate
(R)-Mevalonic acid-5-pyrophosphate (mevalonate 5-diphosphate) is a directly synthesized product of mevalonate phosphate that is essential for cell proliferation. (PMID 2211719). It is a substrate for mevalonate-5-diphosphate decarboxylase, the third enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of cholesterol from mevalonic acid. This enzyme catalyzes the reaction of mevalonate 5-diphosphate (MVADP) with ATP to produce isopentenyl diphosphate, ADP, CO2, and inorganic phosphate. The overall reaction involves an anti elimination of the tertiary hydroxyl and carboxyl groups. This metabolite participates both in the biosynthesis of cholesterol and fatty acid mechanism, through which interpathway regulation could take place between the cholesterol and FA cascades. (PMID 8769113 ) [HMDB] (R)-Mevalonic acid-5-pyrophosphate (mevalonate 5-diphosphate) is a directly synthesized product of mevalonate phosphate that is essential for cell proliferation. (PMID 2211719). It is a substrate for mevalonate-5-diphosphate decarboxylase, the third enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of cholesterol from mevalonic acid. This enzyme catalyzes the reaction of mevalonate 5-diphosphate (MVADP) with ATP to produce isopentenyl diphosphate, ADP, CO2, and inorganic phosphate. The overall reaction involves an anti elimination of the tertiary hydroxyl and carboxyl groups. This metabolite participates both in the biosynthesis of cholesterol and fatty acid mechanism, through which interpathway regulation could take place between the cholesterol and FA cascades. (PMID 8769113 ).
