Biological Pathway: BioCyc:META_P3-PWY
gallate degradation III (anaerobic) related metabolites
find 36 related metabolites which is associated with the biological pathway gallate degradation III (anaerobic)
this pathway object is a conserved pathway across multiple organism.
View the spectrum consensus network of the metabolites related with current biological pathway.
Pyrogallol
1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene, also known as pyrogallic acid or 1,2,3-benzenetriol, is a member of the class of compounds known as 5-unsubstituted pyrrogallols. 5-unsubstituted pyrrogallols are pyrrogallols that are unsubstituted at th5-position of the benzene ring. 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene is soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene can be found in arabica coffee, beer, cocoa powder, and coffee, which makes 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene can be found primarily in blood, feces, and urine. 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene is an organic compound with the formula C6H3(OH)3. It is a white water-soluble solid although samples are typically brownish because of its sensitivity toward oxygen. It is one of three isomeric benzenetriols . Pyrogallic acid is an odorless white to gray solid. Sinks and mixes with water. (USCG, 1999) Pyrogallol is a benzenetriol carrying hydroxy groups at positions 1, 2 and 3. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a phenolic donor and a benzenetriol. Pyrogallol is a natural product found in Gunnera perpensa, Nigella glandulifera, and other organisms with data available. A trihydroxybenzene or dihydroxy phenol that can be prepared by heating GALLIC ACID. See also: Stevia rebaudiuna Leaf (part of); Alchemilla monticola whole (part of); Agrimonia eupatoria flowering top (part of). 1,2,3-Trihydroxybenzene, or pyrogallol is a benzenetriol. It is a white crystalline powder and a powerful reducing agent. It was first prepared by Scheele 1786 by heating gallic acid. An alternate preparation is heating para-chlorophenoldisulphonic acid with potassium hydroxide. 1,2,3-Trihydroxybenzene has been found to be a metabolite of Aspergillus (https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00021369.1982.10865473). A benzenetriol carrying hydroxy groups at positions 1, 2 and 3. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants Pyrogallol is a polyphenol compound, which has anti-fungal and anti-psoriatic properties. Pyrogallol is a reductant that is able to generate free radicals, in particular superoxide anions. Pyrogallol is a polyphenol compound, which has anti-fungal and anti-psoriatic properties. Pyrogallol is a reductant that is able to generate free radicals, in particular superoxide anions.
1,3,5-Trihydroxybenzene
Phloroglucinol, also known as 1,3,5-benzenetriol or 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene, belongs to phloroglucinols and derivatives class of compounds. Those are compounds containing a phloroglucinol (benzene-1,3,5-triol) moiety, which consists of a benzene ring bearing one hydroxyl group at positions 1,3, and 5. Phloroglucinol is soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Phloroglucinol can be found in a number of food items such as garden onion, tea, soft-necked garlic, and tarragon, which makes phloroglucinol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Phloroglucinol can be found primarily in feces. Phloroglucinol is an organic compound that is used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and explosives. It is a phenol derivative with antispasmodic properties that is used primarily as a laboratory reagent . Phloroglucinol is a benzenetriol. It is an organic compound that is used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and explosives. This molecule exists in two forms, or tautomers, 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene, which has phenol-like, and 1,3,5-cyclohexanetrione (phloroglucin), which has ketone-like character. These two tautomers are in equilibrium. Phloroglucinol is a useful intermediate because it is polyfunctional. 1,3,5-Trihydroxybenzene has been found to be a metabolite in Pseudomonas (PMID: 15826166). A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A03 - Drugs for functional gastrointestinal disorders > A03A - Drugs for functional gastrointestinal disorders D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents
N-ethylmaleimide
D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D013439 - Sulfhydryl Reagents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors KEIO_ID E008
Diethyl dicarbonate
Diethyl dicarbonate is formerly used as a fermentation inhibitor and preservative for wines, soft drinks and fruit juices. No longer permitted as a food additive. Formerly used as a fermentation inhibitor and preservative for wines, soft drinks and fruit juices. No longer permitted as a food additive.
Water
Water is a chemical substance that is essential to all known forms of life. It appears colorless to the naked eye in small quantities, though it is actually slightly blue in color. It covers 71\\% of Earths surface. Current estimates suggest that there are 1.4 billion cubic kilometers (330 million m3) of it available on Earth, and it exists in many forms. It appears mostly in the oceans (saltwater) and polar ice caps, but it is also present as clouds, rain water, rivers, freshwater aquifers, lakes, and sea ice. Water in these bodies perpetually moves through a cycle of evaporation, precipitation, and runoff to the sea. Clean water is essential to human life. In many parts of the world, it is in short supply. From a biological standpoint, water has many distinct properties that are critical for the proliferation of life that set it apart from other substances. It carries out this role by allowing organic compounds to react in ways that ultimately allow replication. All known forms of life depend on water. Water is vital both as a solvent in which many of the bodys solutes dissolve and as an essential part of many metabolic processes within the body. Metabolism is the sum total of anabolism and catabolism. In anabolism, water is removed from molecules (through energy requiring enzymatic chemical reactions) in order to grow larger molecules (e.g. starches, triglycerides and proteins for storage of fuels and information). In catabolism, water is used to break bonds in order to generate smaller molecules (e.g. glucose, fatty acids and amino acids to be used for fuels for energy use or other purposes). Water is thus essential and central to these metabolic processes. Water is also central to photosynthesis and respiration. Photosynthetic cells use the suns energy to split off waters hydrogen from oxygen. Hydrogen is combined with CO2 (absorbed from air or water) to form glucose and release oxygen. All living cells use such fuels and oxidize the hydrogen and carbon to capture the suns energy and reform water and CO2 in the process (cellular respiration). Water is also central to acid-base neutrality and enzyme function. An acid, a hydrogen ion (H+, that is, a proton) donor, can be neutralized by a base, a proton acceptor such as hydroxide ion (OH-) to form water. Water is considered to be neutral, with a pH (the negative log of the hydrogen ion concentration) of 7. Acids have pH values less than 7 while bases have values greater than 7. Stomach acid (HCl) is useful to digestion. However, its corrosive effect on the esophagus during reflux can temporarily be neutralized by ingestion of a base such as aluminum hydroxide to produce the neutral molecules water and the salt aluminum chloride. Human biochemistry that involves enzymes usually performs optimally around a biologically neutral pH of 7.4. (Wikipedia). Water, also known as purified water or dihydrogen oxide, is a member of the class of compounds known as homogeneous other non-metal compounds. Homogeneous other non-metal compounds are inorganic non-metallic compounds in which the largest atom belongs to the class of other nonmetals. Water can be found in a number of food items such as caraway, oxheart cabbage, alaska wild rhubarb, and japanese walnut, which makes water a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Water can be found primarily in most biofluids, including ascites Fluid, blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and lymph, as well as throughout all human tissues. Water exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, water is involved in several metabolic pathways, some of which include cardiolipin biosynthesis CL(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/18:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)), cardiolipin biosynthesis cl(i-13:0/i-15:0/i-20:0/i-24:0), cardiolipin biosynthesis CL(18:0/18:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)), and cardiolipin biosynthesis cl(a-13:0/i-18:0/i-13:0/i-19:0). Water is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis tg(i-21:0/i-13:0/21:0), de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis tg(22:0/20:0/i-20:0), de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis tg(a-21:0/i-20:0/i-14:0), and de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis tg(i-21:0/a-17:0/i-12:0). Water is a drug which is used for diluting or dissolving drugs for intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous injection, according to instructions of the manufacturer of the drug to be administered [fda label]. Water plays an important role in the world economy. Approximately 70\\% of the freshwater used by humans goes to agriculture. Fishing in salt and fresh water bodies is a major source of food for many parts of the world. Much of long-distance trade of commodities (such as oil and natural gas) and manufactured products is transported by boats through seas, rivers, lakes, and canals. Large quantities of water, ice, and steam are used for cooling and heating, in industry and homes. Water is an excellent solvent for a wide variety of chemical substances; as such it is widely used in industrial processes, and in cooking and washing. Water is also central to many sports and other forms of entertainment, such as swimming, pleasure boating, boat racing, surfing, sport fishing, and diving .
Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide is a colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals. Carbon dioxide is produced during respiration by all animals, fungi and microorganisms that depend on living and decaying plants for food, either directly or indirectly. It is, therefore, a major component of the carbon cycle. Additionally, carbon dioxide is used by plants during photosynthesis to make sugars which may either be consumed again in respiration or used as the raw material to produce polysaccharides such as starch and cellulose, proteins and the wide variety of other organic compounds required for plant growth and development. When inhaled at concentrations much higher than usual atmospheric levels, it can produce a sour taste in the mouth and a stinging sensation in the nose and throat. These effects result from the gas dissolving in the mucous membranes and saliva, forming a weak solution of carbonic acid. Carbon dioxide is used by the food industry, the oil industry, and the chemical industry. Carbon dioxide is used to produce carbonated soft drinks and soda water. Traditionally, the carbonation in beer and sparkling wine comes about through natural fermentation, but some manufacturers carbonate these drinks artificially. Leavening agent, propellant, aerating agent, preservative. Solvent for supercritical extraction e.g. of caffeine in manufacture of caffeine-free instant coffee. It is used in carbonation of beverages, in the frozen food industry and as a component of controlled atmosphere packaging (CAD) to inhibit bacterial growth. Especies effective against Gram-negative spoilage bacteria, e.g. Pseudomonas V - Various > V03 - All other therapeutic products > V03A - All other therapeutic products > V03AN - Medical gases
Hydrogen sulfide
Hydrogen sulfide, also known as h2s or acide sulfhydrique, is a member of the class of compounds known as other non-metal sulfides. Other non-metal sulfides are inorganic compounds containing a sulfur atom of an oxidation state of -2, in which the heaviest atom bonded to the oxygen belongs to the class of other non-metals. Hydrogen sulfide can be found in a number of food items such as small-leaf linden, agar, devilfish, and nutmeg, which makes hydrogen sulfide a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Hydrogen sulfide can be found primarily in blood and feces, as well as throughout most human tissues. Hydrogen sulfide exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, hydrogen sulfide is involved in a couple of metabolic pathways, which include cysteine metabolism and cystinosis, ocular nonnephropathic. Hydrogen sulfide is also involved in beta-mercaptolactate-cysteine disulfiduria, which is a metabolic disorder. Moreover, hydrogen sulfide is found to be associated with hydrogen sulfide poisoning. Hydrogen sulfide is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. Hydrogen sulfide often results from the microbial breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen gas, such as in swamps and sewers; this process is commonly known as anaerobic digestion. H 2S also occurs in volcanic gases, natural gas, and in some sources of well water. The human body produces small amounts of H 2S and uses it as a signaling molecule . Treatment involves immediate inhalation of amyl nitrite, injections of sodium nitrite, inhalation of pure oxygen, administration of bronchodilators to overcome eventual bronchospasm, and in some cases hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO). HBO therapy has anecdotal support and remains controversial (L1139) (T3DB). Hydrogen sulfide is a highly toxic and flammable gas. Because it is heavier than air it tends to accumulate at the bottom of poorly ventilated spaces. Although very pungent at first, it quickly deadens the sense of smell, so potential victims may be unaware of its presence until it is too late. H2S arises from virtually anywhere where elemental sulfur comes into contact with organic material, especially at high temperatures. Hydrogen sulfide is a covalent hydride chemically related to water (H2O) since oxygen and sulfur occur in the same periodic table group. It often results when bacteria break down organic matter in the absence of oxygen, such as in swamps, and sewers (alongside the process of anaerobic digestion). It also occurs in volcanic gases, natural gas and some well waters. It is also important to note that Hydrogen sulfide is a central participant in the sulfur cycle, the biogeochemical cycle of sulfur on Earth. As mentioned above, sulfur-reducing and sulfate-reducing bacteria derive energy from oxidizing hydrogen or organic molecules in the absence of oxygen by reducing sulfur or sulfate to hydrogen sulfide. Other bacteria liberate hydrogen sulfide from sulfur-containing amino acids. Several groups of bacteria can use hydrogen sulfide as fuel, oxidizing it to elemental sulfur or to sulfate by using oxygen or nitrate as oxidant. The purple sulfur bacteria and the green sulfur bacteria use hydrogen sulfide as electron donor in photosynthesis, thereby producing elemental sulfur. (In fact, this mode of photosynthesis is older than the mode of cyanobacteria, algae and plants which uses water as electron donor and liberates oxygen). Hydrogen sulfide can be found in Alcaligenes, Chromobacteriumn, Klebsiella, Proteus and Pseudomonas (PMID: 13061742). D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D064426 - Gasotransmitters D004785 - Environmental Pollutants > D000393 - Air Pollutants
Hydrogen Ion
Hydrogen ion, also known as proton or h+, is a member of the class of compounds known as other non-metal hydrides. Other non-metal hydrides are inorganic compounds in which the heaviest atom bonded to a hydrogen atom is belongs to the class of other non-metals. Hydrogen ion can be found in a number of food items such as lowbush blueberry, groundcherry, parsley, and tarragon, which makes hydrogen ion a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Hydrogen ion exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, hydrogen ion is involved in several metabolic pathways, some of which include cardiolipin biosynthesis cl(i-13:0/a-25:0/a-21:0/i-15:0), cardiolipin biosynthesis cl(a-13:0/a-17:0/i-13:0/a-25:0), cardiolipin biosynthesis cl(i-12:0/i-13:0/a-17:0/a-15:0), and cardiolipin biosynthesis CL(16:1(9Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/18:1(11Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)). Hydrogen ion is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis TG(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)), de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)), de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis TG(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)), and de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis TG(24:0/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/24:0). A hydrogen ion is created when a hydrogen atom loses or gains an electron. A positively charged hydrogen ion (or proton) can readily combine with other particles and therefore is only seen isolated when it is in a gaseous state or a nearly particle-free space. Due to its extremely high charge density of approximately 2×1010 times that of a sodium ion, the bare hydrogen ion cannot exist freely in solution as it readily hydrates, i.e., bonds quickly. The hydrogen ion is recommended by IUPAC as a general term for all ions of hydrogen and its isotopes. Depending on the charge of the ion, two different classes can be distinguished: positively charged ions and negatively charged ions . Hydrogen ion is recommended by IUPAC as a general term for all ions of hydrogen and its isotopes. Depending on the charge of the ion, two different classes can be distinguished: positively charged ions and negatively charged ions. Under aqueous conditions found in biochemistry, hydrogen ions exist as the hydrated form hydronium, H3O+, but these are often still referred to as hydrogen ions or even protons by biochemists. [Wikipedia])
H2O
An oxygen hydride consisting of an oxygen atom that is covalently bonded to two hydrogen atoms. Water. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=7732-18-5 (retrieved 2024-10-17) (CAS RN: 7732-18-5). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
phloroglucinol
A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A03 - Drugs for functional gastrointestinal disorders > A03A - Drugs for functional gastrointestinal disorders D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents A benzenetriol with hydroxy groups at position 1, 3 and 5.
Acetate
A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of acetic acid. Acetate, also known as acetic acid or ethanoate, is a member of the class of compounds known as carboxylic acids. Carboxylic acids are compounds containing a carboxylic acid group with the formula -C(=O)OH. Acetate is soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Acetate can be found in a number of food items such as pitanga, soursop, green bean, and beech nut, which makes acetate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Acetate is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. An acetate is a salt formed by the combination of acetic acid with an alkaline, earthy, or metallic base. "Acetate" also describes the conjugate base or ion (specifically, the negatively charged ion called an anion) typically found in aqueous solution and written with the chemical formula C2H3O2−. The neutral molecules formed by the combination of the acetate ion and a positive ion (called a cation) are also commonly called "acetates" (hence, acetate of lead, acetate of aluminum, etc.). The simplest of these is hydrogen acetate (called acetic acid) with corresponding salts, esters, and the polyatomic anion CH3CO2−, or CH3COO− . In cases of skin or eye exposure, the area should be flushed with water and burns covered with dry, sterile dressings after decontamination. If ingested, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist respiration if necessary (A569) (T3DB).
Coenzyme II
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Piral
D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants Pyrogallol is a polyphenol compound, which has anti-fungal and anti-psoriatic properties. Pyrogallol is a reductant that is able to generate free radicals, in particular superoxide anions. Pyrogallol is a polyphenol compound, which has anti-fungal and anti-psoriatic properties. Pyrogallol is a reductant that is able to generate free radicals, in particular superoxide anions.
hydrogen sulfide
A sulfur hydride consisting of a single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen. D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D064426 - Gasotransmitters D004785 - Environmental Pollutants > D000393 - Air Pollutants Constituent of Hypericum perforatum (St Johns wort). (S)-Skyrin 2-glucoside is found in tea, alcoholic beverages, and herbs and spices.
[[[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-oxidophosphoryl]oxy-oxidophosphoryl] phosphate
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coenzyme A(4-)
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Adenosine-diphosphate
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acetyl-CoA(4-)
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(S)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA(4-)
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Carbon Dioxide
A one-carbon compound with formula CO2 in which the carbon is attached to each oxygen atom by a double bond. A colourless, odourless gas under normal conditions, it is produced during respiration by all animals, fungi and microorganisms that depend directly or indirectly on living or decaying plants for food. V - Various > V03 - All other therapeutic products > V03A - All other therapeutic products > V03AN - Medical gases
N-ethylmaleimide
D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents > D013439 - Sulfhydryl Reagents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors
