NCBI Taxonomy: 651667

Rhinella (ncbi_taxid: 651667)

found 52 associated metabolites at genus taxonomy rank level.

Ancestor: Bufonidae

Child Taxonomies: Rhinella marina, Rhinella arenarum, Rhinella abei, Rhinella inca, Rhinella jimi, Rhinella manu, Rhinella granulosa, Rhinella ruizi, Rhinella alata, Rhinella bergi, Rhinella yunga, Rhinella major, Rhinella angeli, Rhinella chavin, Rhinella martyi, Rhinella iserni, Rhinella tenrec, Rhinella tacana, Rhinella lindae, Rhinella gildae, Rhinella festae, Rhinella azarai, Rhinella ornata, Rhinella arunco, Rhinella pombali, Rhinella henseli, Rhinella quechua, Rhinella scitula, Rhinella casconi, Rhinella pygmaea, Rhinella inopina, Rhinella gnustae, Rhinella veredas, Rhinella merianae, Rhinella dapsilis, Rhinella icterica, Rhinella limensis, Rhinella nesiotes, Rhinella ocellata, Rhinella vellardi, Rhinella lescurei, Rhinella fissipes, Rhinella rumbolli, Rhinella stanlaii, Rhinella paraguas, Rhinella achavali, Rhinella diptycha, Rhinella crucifer, Rhinella rostrata, Rhinella rubescens, Rhinella unapensis, Rhinella humboldti, Rhinella poeppigii, Rhinella gallardoi, Rhinella papillosa, Rhinella trifolium, Rhinella spinulosa, Rhinella hoogmoedi, Rhinella bernardoi, Rhinella dorbignyi, Rhinella yanachaga, Rhinella centralis, Rhinella acrolopha, Rhinella exostosica, Rhinella magnussoni, Rhinella achalensis, Rhinella horribilis, Rhinella paracnemis, Rhinella macrorhina, Rhinella veraguensis, Rhinella amboroensis, Rhinella justinianoi, Rhinella proboscidea, Rhinella fernandezae, Rhinella leptoscelis, Rhinella cerradensis, Rhinella atacamensis, Rhinella arequipensis, Rhinella castaneotica, Rhinella acutirostris, unclassified Rhinella, Rhinella margaritifera, Rhinella altiperuviana, Rhinella rubropunctata, Rhinella sclerocephala, Rhinella sternosignata, Rhinella arborescandens, Rhinella lilyrodriguezae, Rhinella mirandaribeiroi, Rhinella mirandaribeiroi A, Rhinella cf. poeppigii BM073, Rhinella cf. poeppigii BM126, Rhinella cf. poeppigii BM156, Rhinella cf. poeppigii BM242, Rhinella cf. poeppigii BM325, Rhinella cf. poeppigii BM577, Rhinella cf. poeppigii BM597, Rhinella cf. marina HCL-2014, Rhinella cf. veredas MTR17908, Rhinella cf. poeppigii VG-2014, Rhinella aff. margaritifera BRA, Rhinella cf. nicefori MHUA 4793, Rhinella cf. schneideri RB-2011, Rhinella cf. typhonius KU 215145, Rhinella cf. amabilis QCAZ 68471, Rhinella cf. arunco AMNH A168401, Rhinella cf. leptoscelis VG-2014, Rhinella cf. margaritifera FB-2009, Rhinella cf. typhonius USNM 268828, Rhinella cf. margaritifera VG-2014, Rhinella cf. paraguayensis RB-2011, Rhinella aff. margaritifera AF-2012, Rhinella aff. margaritifera MF-2017, Rhinella aff. cerradensis LGE 19096, Rhinella aff. cerradensis LGE 19103, Rhinella aff. margaritifera LM-2022, Rhinella cf. margaritifera QCAZ 10601, Rhinella cf. margaritifera QCAZ 11597, Rhinella cf. margaritifera QCAZ 13896, Rhinella cf. multiverrucosa MUBI 11455, Rhinella aff. cerradensis MNHN-Uy 9514, Rhinella atacamensis x Rhinella arunco, Rhinella margaritifera group sp. DT3143, Rhinella margaritifera group sp. DT3250, Rhinella margaritifera group sp. DT3251, Rhinella margaritifera group sp. DT3253, Rhinella margaritifera group sp. DT3255, Rhinella margaritifera group sp. DT3310, Rhinella margaritifera group sp. DT3339, Rhinella margaritifera group sp. DT2994, Rhinella margaritifera group sp. DT3461, Rhinella margaritifera group sp. DT3598, Rhinella margaritifera group sp. DT3678, Rhinella margaritifera group sp. DT3694, Rhinella margaritifera group sp. DT3698, Rhinella margaritifera group sp. DT3702, Rhinella margaritifera group sp. DT3710, Rhinella margaritifera group sp. DT2995, Rhinella margaritifera group sp. DT4494, Rhinella margaritifera group sp. DT3798, Rhinella margaritifera group sp. DT4151, Rhinella margaritifera group sp. DT4152, Rhinella margaritifera group sp. DT4213, Rhinella margaritifera group sp. DT4331, Rhinella margaritifera group sp. DT3144, Rhinella cf. margaritifera ZUEC-DCC3393, Rhinella cf. acrolopha 'sensu Grant & Bolivar 2014'

Bufalin

5-[(3S,5R,8R,9S,10S,13R,14S,17R)-3,14-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]pyran-2-one

C24H34O4 (386.2457)


Bufalin is a cardiotonic steroid toxin[1] originally isolated from Chinese toad venom, which is a component of some traditional Chinese medicines.[2][3] Bufalin has in vitro antitumor effects against various malignant cell lines, including hepatocellular[4] and lung carcinoma.[5] However, as with other bufadienolides, its potential use is hampered by its cardiotoxicity.[6] Bufalin is a 14beta-hydroxy steroid that is bufan-20,22-dienolide having hydroxy substituents at the 5beta- and 14beta-positions. It has been isolated from the skin of the toad Bufo bufo. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, a cardiotonic drug, an anti-inflammatory agent and an animal metabolite. It is a 3beta-hydroxy steroid and a 14beta-hydroxy steroid. It is functionally related to a bufanolide. Bufalin is a natural product found in Cunninghamella blakesleeana, Bufo gargarizans, and other organisms with data available. Bufalin is an active ingredient and one of the glycosides in the traditional Chinese medicine ChanSu; it is also a bufadienolide toxin originally isolated from the venom of the Chinese toad Bufo gargarizans, with potential cardiotonic and antineoplastic activity. Although the mechanism of action of bufalin is still under investigation, this agent is a specific Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor and can induce apoptosis in cancer cell lines through the activation of the transcription factor AP-1 via a mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. A 14beta-hydroxy steroid that is bufan-20,22-dienolide having hydroxy substituents at the 5beta- and 14beta-positions. It has been isolated from the skin of the toad Bufo bufo. Bufalin is an active component isolated from Chan Su, acts as a potent Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor, binds to the subunit α1, α2 and α3, with Kd of 42.5, 45 and 40 nM, respectively[1][2]. Anti-cancer activity[2]. Bufalin is an active component isolated from Chan Su, acts as a potent Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor, binds to the subunit α1, α2 and α3, with Kd of 42.5, 45 and 40 nM, respectively[1][2]. Anti-cancer activity[2].

   

Arenobufagin

5-[(3S,5R,8R,9S,10S,11S,13R,14S,17R)-3,11,14-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-12-oxo-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]pyran-2-one

C24H32O6 (416.2199)


Arenobufagin is a natural product found in Bufo gargarizans, Bufotes viridis, and other organisms with data available. D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D002301 - Cardiac Glycosides D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D002018 - Bufanolides Arenobufagin is a natural bufadienolide from toad venom; has potent antineoplastic activity against HCC HepG2 cells as well as corresponding multidrug-resistant HepG2/ADM cells. IC50 value: Target: in vitro: arenobufagin induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in HCC cells, with decreasing mitochondrial potential, as well as increasing Bax/Bcl-2 expression ratio, Bax translocation from cytosol to mitochondria. Arenobufagin also induced autophagy in HepG2/ADM cells. Autophagy-specific inhibitors (3-methyladenine, chloroquine and bafilomycin A1) or Beclin1 and Atg 5 small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) enhanced arenobufagin-induced apoptosis, indicating that arenobufagin-mediated autophagy may protect HepG2/ADM cells from undergoing apoptotic cell death [1]. arenobufagin inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced viability, migration, invasion and tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro [2]. Arenobufagin blocked the Na+/K+ pump current in a dose-dependent manner with a half-maximal concentration of 0.29 microM and a Hill coefficient of 1.1 [3]. in vivo: arenobufagin inhibited the growth of HepG2/ADM xenograft tumors, which were associated with poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, light chain 3-II activation and mTOR inhibition [1]. Arenobufagin also suppressed sprouting formation from VEGF-treated aortic rings in an ex vivo model [2]. Arenobufagin is a natural bufadienolide from toad venom; has potent antineoplastic activity against HCC HepG2 cells as well as corresponding multidrug-resistant HepG2/ADM cells. IC50 value: Target: in vitro: arenobufagin induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in HCC cells, with decreasing mitochondrial potential, as well as increasing Bax/Bcl-2 expression ratio, Bax translocation from cytosol to mitochondria. Arenobufagin also induced autophagy in HepG2/ADM cells. Autophagy-specific inhibitors (3-methyladenine, chloroquine and bafilomycin A1) or Beclin1 and Atg 5 small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) enhanced arenobufagin-induced apoptosis, indicating that arenobufagin-mediated autophagy may protect HepG2/ADM cells from undergoing apoptotic cell death [1]. arenobufagin inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced viability, migration, invasion and tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro [2]. Arenobufagin blocked the Na+/K+ pump current in a dose-dependent manner with a half-maximal concentration of 0.29 microM and a Hill coefficient of 1.1 [3]. in vivo: arenobufagin inhibited the growth of HepG2/ADM xenograft tumors, which were associated with poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, light chain 3-II activation and mTOR inhibition [1]. Arenobufagin also suppressed sprouting formation from VEGF-treated aortic rings in an ex vivo model [2].

   

Gamabufogenin

5-[(3S,5R,8R,9S,10S,11R,13R,14S,17R)-3,11,14-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]pyran-2-one

C24H34O5 (402.2406)


Gamabufogenin is a steroid lactone. It is functionally related to a bufanolide. Gamabufotalin is a natural product found in Bufotes viridis, Bufo, and other organisms with data available. D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D002301 - Cardiac Glycosides D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D002018 - Bufanolides Gamabufotalin (Gamabufagin), a main active compound isolated from Chinese medicine Chansu, has been shown to strongly inhibit cancer cell growth and inflammatory response. Gamabufotalin could inhibite angiogenesis by inhibiting the activation of VEGFR-2 signaling pathways. Gamabufotalin (Gamabufagin), a main active compound isolated from Chinese medicine Chansu, has been shown to strongly inhibit cancer cell growth and inflammatory response. Gamabufotalin could inhibite angiogenesis by inhibiting the activation of VEGFR-2 signaling pathways.

   

Telobufotoxin

5-[(3S,5S,8R,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-3,5,14-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]pyran-2-one

C24H34O5 (402.2406)


Telocinobufagin is a steroid lactone. It is functionally related to a bufanolide. Telocinobufagin is a natural product found in Bufo gargarizans, Bufo bufo, and other organisms with data available. D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D002301 - Cardiac Glycosides D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D002018 - Bufanolides Telocinobufagin is one of anti-hepatoma constituent in Venenum Bufonis. Telocinobufagin is one of anti-hepatoma constituent in Venenum Bufonis.

   

Campesterol

(1S,2R,5S,10S,11S,14R,15R)-14-[(2R,5R)-5,6-dimethylheptan-2-yl]-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadec-7-en-5-ol

C28H48O (400.3705)


Campesterol is a phytosterol, meaning it is a steroid derived from plants. As a food additive, phytosterols have cholesterol-lowering properties (reducing cholesterol absorption in intestines), and may act in cancer prevention. Phytosterols naturally occur in small amount in vegetable oils, especially soybean oil. One such phytosterol complex, isolated from vegetable oil, is cholestatin, composed of campesterol, stigmasterol, and brassicasterol, and is marketed as a dietary supplement. Sterols can reduce cholesterol in human subjects by up to 15\\\\\%. The mechanism behind phytosterols and the lowering of cholesterol occurs as follows : the incorporation of cholesterol into micelles in the gastrointestinal tract is inhibited, decreasing the overall amount of cholesterol absorbed. This may in turn help to control body total cholesterol levels, as well as modify HDL, LDL and TAG levels. Many margarines, butters, breakfast cereals and spreads are now enriched with phytosterols and marketed towards people with high cholesterol and a wish to lower it. -- Wikipedia. Campesterol is a member of phytosterols, a 3beta-sterol, a 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid and a C28-steroid. It has a role as a mouse metabolite. It derives from a hydride of a campestane. Campesterol is a natural product found in Haplophyllum bucharicum, Bugula neritina, and other organisms with data available. Campesterol is a steroid derivative that is the simplest sterol, characterized by the hydroxyl group in position C-3 of the steroid skeleton, and saturated bonds throughout the sterol structure, with the exception of the 5-6 double bond in the B ring. Campesterol. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=474-62-4 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 474-62-4). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Campesterol is a plant sterol with cholesterol lowering and anticarcinogenic effects. Campesterol is a plant sterol with cholesterol lowering and anticarcinogenic effects.

   

Stigmasterol

(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-((2R,5S,E)-5-ethyl-6-methylhept-3-en-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol

C29H48O (412.3705)


Stigmasterol is a phytosterol, meaning it is steroid derived from plants. As a food additive, phytosterols have cholesterol-lowering properties (reducing cholesterol absorption in intestines), and may act in cancer prevention. Phytosterols naturally occur in small amount in vegetable oils, especially soybean oil. One such phytosterol complex, isolated from vegetable oil, is cholestatin, composed of campesterol, stigmasterol, and brassicasterol, and is marketed as a dietary supplement. Sterols can reduce cholesterol in human subjects by up to 15\\%. The mechanism behind phytosterols and the lowering of cholesterol occurs as follows : the incorporation of cholesterol into micelles in the gastrointestinal tract is inhibited, decreasing the overall amount of cholesterol absorbed. This may in turn help to control body total cholesterol levels, as well as modify HDL, LDL and TAG levels. Many margarines, butters, breakfast cereals and spreads are now enriched with phytosterols and marketed towards people with high cholesterol and a wish to lower it. Stigmasterol is found to be associated with phytosterolemia, which is an inborn error of metabolism. Stigmasterol is a 3beta-sterol that consists of 3beta-hydroxystigmastane having double bonds at the 5,6- and 22,23-positions. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a 3beta-sterol, a stigmastane sterol, a 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid and a member of phytosterols. It derives from a hydride of a stigmastane. Stigmasterol is a natural product found in Ficus auriculata, Xylopia aromatica, and other organisms with data available. Stigmasterol is a steroid derivative characterized by the hydroxyl group in position C-3 of the steroid skeleton, and unsaturated bonds in position 5-6 of the B ring, and position 22-23 in the alkyl substituent. Stigmasterol is found in the fats and oils of soybean, calabar bean and rape seed, as well as several other vegetables, legumes, nuts, seeds, and unpasteurized milk. See also: Comfrey Root (part of); Saw Palmetto (part of); Plantago ovata seed (part of). Stigmasterol is an unsaturated plant sterol occurring in the plant fats or oils of soybean, calabar bean, and rape seed, and in a number of medicinal herbs, including the Chinese herbs Ophiopogon japonicus (Mai men dong) and American Ginseng. Stigmasterol is also found in various vegetables, legumes, nuts, seeds, and unpasteurized milk. A 3beta-sterol that consists of 3beta-hydroxystigmastane having double bonds at the 5,6- and 22,23-positions. C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28178 - Phytosterol > C68437 - Unsaturated Phytosterol

   

beta-Sitosterol

(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-((2R,5R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol

C29H50O (414.3861)


beta-Sitosterol, a main dietary phytosterol found in plants, may have the potential for prevention and therapy for human cancer. Phytosterols are plant sterols found in foods such as oils, nuts, and vegetables. Phytosterols, in the same way as cholesterol, contain a double bond and are susceptible to oxidation, and are characterized by anti-carcinogenic and anti-atherogenic properties (PMID:13129445, 11432711). beta-Sitosterol is a phytopharmacological extract containing a mixture of phytosterols, with smaller amounts of other sterols, bonded with glucosides. These phytosterols are commonly derived from the South African star grass, Hypoxis rooperi, or from species of Pinus and Picea. The purported active constituent is termed beta-sitosterol. Additionally, the quantity of beta-sitosterol-beta-D-glucoside is often reported. Although the exact mechanism of action of beta-sitosterols is unknown, it may be related to cholesterol metabolism or anti-inflammatory effects (via interference with prostaglandin metabolism). Compared with placebo, beta-sitosterol improved urinary symptom scores and flow measures (PMID:10368239). A plant food-based diet modifies the serum beta-sitosterol concentration in hyperandrogenic postmenopausal women. This finding indicates that beta-sitosterol can be used as a biomarker of exposure in observational studies or as a compliance indicator in dietary intervention studies of cancer prevention (PMID:14652381). beta-Sitosterol induces apoptosis and activates key caspases in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells (PMID:12579296). Sitosterol is a member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. It has a role as a sterol methyltransferase inhibitor, an anticholesteremic drug, an antioxidant, a plant metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a 3beta-sterol, a stigmastane sterol, a 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid, a C29-steroid and a member of phytosterols. It derives from a hydride of a stigmastane. Active fraction of Solanum trilobatum; reduces side-effects of radiation-induced toxicity. Beta-Sitosterol is a natural product found in Elodea canadensis, Ophiopogon intermedius, and other organisms with data available. beta-Sitosterol is one of several phytosterols (plant sterols) with chemical structures similar to that of cholesterol. Sitosterols are white, waxy powders with a characteristic odor. They are hydrophobic and soluble in alcohols. beta-Sitosterol is found in many foods, some of which are ginseng, globe artichoke, sesbania flower, and common oregano. C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28178 - Phytosterol > C68437 - Unsaturated Phytosterol D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1]. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1].

   

Cholesterol

(1S,2R,5S,10S,11S,14R,15R)-2,15-dimethyl-14-[(2R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]tetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadec-7-en-5-ol

C27H46O (386.3548)


Cholesterol is a sterol (a combination steroid and alcohol) and a lipid found in the cell membranes of all body tissues and transported in the blood plasma of all animals. The name originates from the Greek chole- (bile) and stereos (solid), and the chemical suffix -ol for an alcohol. This is because researchers first identified cholesterol in solid form in gallstones in 1784. In the body, cholesterol can exist in either the free form or as an ester with a single fatty acid (of 10-20 carbons in length) covalently attached to the hydroxyl group at position 3 of the cholesterol ring. Due to the mechanism of synthesis, plasma cholesterol esters tend to contain relatively high proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Most of the cholesterol consumed as a dietary lipid exists as cholesterol esters. Cholesterol esters have a lower solubility in water than cholesterol and are more hydrophobic. They are hydrolyzed by the pancreatic enzyme cholesterol esterase to produce cholesterol and free fatty acids. Cholesterol has vital structural roles in membranes and in lipid metabolism in general. It is a biosynthetic precursor of bile acids, vitamin D, and steroid hormones (glucocorticoids, estrogens, progesterones, androgens and aldosterone). In addition, it contributes to the development and functioning of the central nervous system, and it has major functions in signal transduction and sperm development. Cholesterol is a ubiquitous component of all animal tissues where much of it is located in the membranes, although it is not evenly distributed. The highest proportion of unesterified cholesterol is in the plasma membrane (roughly 30-50\\\\% of the lipid in the membrane or 60-80\\\\% of the cholesterol in the cell), while mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum have very low cholesterol contents. Cholesterol is also enriched in early and recycling endosomes, but not in late endosomes. The brain contains more cholesterol than any other organ where it comprises roughly a quarter of the total free cholesterol in the human body. Of all the organic constituents of blood, only glucose is present in a higher molar concentration than cholesterol. Cholesterol esters appear to be the preferred form for transport in plasma and as a biologically inert storage (de-toxified) form. They do not contribute to membranes but are packed into intracellular lipid particles. Cholesterol molecules (i.e. cholesterol esters) are transported throughout the body via lipoprotein particles. The largest lipoproteins, which primarily transport fats from the intestinal mucosa to the liver, are called chylomicrons. They carry mostly triglyceride fats and cholesterol that are from food, especially internal cholesterol secreted by the liver into the bile. In the liver, chylomicron particles give up triglycerides and some cholesterol. They are then converted into low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, which carry triglycerides and cholesterol on to other body cells. In healthy individuals, the LDL particles are large and relatively few in number. In contrast, large numbers of small LDL particles are strongly associated with promoting atheromatous disease within the arteries. (Lack of information on LDL particle number and size is one of the major problems of conventional lipid tests.). In conditions with elevated concentrations of oxidized LDL particles, especially small LDL particles, cholesterol promotes atheroma plaque deposits in the walls of arteries, a condition known as atherosclerosis, which is a major contributor to coronary heart disease and other forms of cardiovascular disease. There is a worldwide trend to believe that lower total cholesterol levels tend to correlate with lower atherosclerosis event rates (though some studies refute this idea). As a result, cholesterol has become a very large focus for the scientific community trying to determine the proper amount of cholesterol needed in a healthy diet. However, the primary association of atherosclerosis with c... Constituent either free or as esters, of fish liver oils, lard, dairy fats, egg yolk and bran Cholesterol is the major sterol in mammals. It is making up 20-25\\% of structural component of the plasma membrane. Plasma membranes are highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of the membrane as well as the function of both the transporters and signaling proteins[1][2]. Cholesterol is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) agonist[3]. Cholesterol is the major sterol in mammals. It is making up 20-25\% of structural component of the plasma membrane. Plasma membranes are highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of the membrane as well as the function of both the transporters and signaling proteins[1][2]. Cholesterol is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) agonist[3].

   

Bufogein

5-[(1R,2S,4R,6R,7R,10S,11S,14S,16R)-14-hydroxy-7,11-dimethyl-3-oxapentacyclo[8.8.0.0(2),?.0(2),?.0(1)(1),(1)?]octadecan-6-yl]-2H-pyran-2-one

C24H32O4 (384.23)


Bufogenin is a steroid lactone of Chan su (toad venom), a Chinese medicine obtained from the skin venom gland of toads. A specific Na/K-ATPase protein inhibitor, it is used as a cardiotonic and central nervous system (CNS) respiratory agent, an analgesic and anesthetic, and as a remedy for ulcers. It has a role as an EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor. It is a steroid lactone and an epoxy steroid. It is functionally related to a bufanolide. Resibufogenin is a natural product found in Sclerophrys mauritanica, Bufo gargarizans, and other organisms with data available. Bufogenin is a bufadienolide toxin originally isolated from the venom of the Chinese toad Bufo gargarizans; it is also one of the glycosides in the traditional Chinese medicine ChanSu, with potential cardiotonic activity. Although the mechanism of action of bufogenin is still under investigation, this agent is a specific Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor and has been shown to reduce blood pressure in a rat model of preeclampsia. D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D002301 - Cardiac Glycosides D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D002018 - Bufanolides D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor Resibufogenin is a component of cinobufogenin and has the function of inhibiting oxidative stress and tumor regeneration. Resibufogenin is a component of cinobufogenin and has the function of inhibiting oxidative stress and tumor regeneration.

   

Hellebrigenin

3beta,5beta,14beta-Trihydroxy-19-oxo-bufa-20,22-dienolide 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside

C24H32O6 (416.2199)


D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D002301 - Cardiac Glycosides D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D002018 - Bufanolides

   

Marinobufagin

3-.beta.,5-Dihydroxy-14,15-.beta.-epoxy-5-.beta.-bufa-20,22-dienolide

C24H32O5 (400.225)


D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D002301 - Cardiac Glycosides D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D002018 - Bufanolides D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014662 - Vasoconstrictor Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

   

Arenobufagin

5-{5,11,17-trihydroxy-2,15-dimethyl-16-oxotetracyclo[8.7.0.0²,⁷.0¹¹,¹⁵]heptadecan-14-yl}-2H-pyran-2-one

C24H32O6 (416.2199)


   

Bufogenin

5-{14-hydroxy-7,11-dimethyl-3-oxapentacyclo[8.8.0.0²,⁴.0²,⁷.0¹¹,¹⁶]octadecan-6-yl}-2H-pyran-2-one

C24H32O4 (384.23)


D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D002301 - Cardiac Glycosides D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D002018 - Bufanolides D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents

   

Marinobufagenin

5-{14,16-dihydroxy-7,11-dimethyl-3-oxapentacyclo[8.8.0.0²,⁴.0²,⁷.0¹¹,¹⁶]octadecan-6-yl}-2H-pyran-2-one

C24H32O5 (400.225)


   

Telocinobufagin

5-{5,7,11-trihydroxy-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0²,⁷.0¹¹,¹⁵]heptadecan-14-yl}-2H-pyran-2-one

C24H34O5 (402.2406)


   

sitosterol

17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol

C29H50O (414.3861)


A member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28178 - Phytosterol > C68437 - Unsaturated Phytosterol D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1]. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1].

   

Stigmasterol

Stigmasterol

C29H48O (412.3705)


Disclaimer: While authors make an effort to ensure that the content of this record is accurate, the authors make no representations or warranties in relation to the accuracy or completeness of the record. This record do not reflect any viewpoints of the affiliation and organization to which the authors belong.

   

Cholesterol

(1S,2R,5S,10S,11S,14R,15R)-2,15-dimethyl-14-[(2R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]tetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadec-7-en-5-ol

C27H46O (386.3548)


A cholestanoid consisting of cholestane having a double bond at the 5,6-position as well as a 3beta-hydroxy group. Disclaimer: While authors make an effort to ensure that the content of this record is accurate, the authors make no representations or warranties in relation to the accuracy or completeness of the record. This record do not reflect any viewpoints of the affiliation and organization to which the authors belong. Cholesterol is the major sterol in mammals. It is making up 20-25\\% of structural component of the plasma membrane. Plasma membranes are highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of the membrane as well as the function of both the transporters and signaling proteins[1][2]. Cholesterol is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) agonist[3]. Cholesterol is the major sterol in mammals. It is making up 20-25\% of structural component of the plasma membrane. Plasma membranes are highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of the membrane as well as the function of both the transporters and signaling proteins[1][2]. Cholesterol is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) agonist[3].

   

Campesterol

Campesterol

C28H48O (400.3705)


Disclaimer: While authors make an effort to ensure that the content of this record is accurate, the authors make no representations or warranties in relation to the accuracy or completeness of the record. This record do not reflect any viewpoints of the affiliation and organization to which the authors belong. Campesterol is a plant sterol with cholesterol lowering and anticarcinogenic effects. Campesterol is a plant sterol with cholesterol lowering and anticarcinogenic effects.

   

Resibufogenin

Resibufogenin

C24H32O4 (384.23)


Annotation level-1 Resibufogenin is a component of cinobufogenin and has the function of inhibiting oxidative stress and tumor regeneration. Resibufogenin is a component of cinobufogenin and has the function of inhibiting oxidative stress and tumor regeneration.

   

ST 24:4;O6

3beta,5beta,11alpha,14beta-tetrahydroxy-bufa-20,22-dienolide

C24H34O6 (418.2355)


   

ST 24:4;O7

1beta,3beta,5beta,14beta,16beta-pentahydroxy-bufa-20,22-dienolide

C24H34O7 (434.2304)


   

ST 24:5;O6

3beta,16beta-19-trihydroxy-14beta,15beta-epoxy-5beta-bufa-20,22-dienolide

C24H32O6 (416.2199)


   

ST 24:5;O7

9beta,11beta-epoxy-21-acetoxy,6alpha,17alpha-dihydroxy-16alpha-methylpregn-4-ene-3,20-dione

C24H32O7 (432.2148)


   

Harzol

(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)-5-ethyl-6-methyl-heptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol

C29H50O (414.3861)


C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28178 - Phytosterol > C68437 - Unsaturated Phytosterol D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1]. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1].

   

Stigmasterin

(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(E,2R,5S)-5-ethyl-6-methyl-hept-3-en-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol

C29H48O (412.3705)


C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28178 - Phytosterol > C68437 - Unsaturated Phytosterol

   

Lanol

(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(2R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol

C27H46O (386.3548)


Cholesterol is the major sterol in mammals. It is making up 20-25\\% of structural component of the plasma membrane. Plasma membranes are highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of the membrane as well as the function of both the transporters and signaling proteins[1][2]. Cholesterol is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) agonist[3]. Cholesterol is the major sterol in mammals. It is making up 20-25\% of structural component of the plasma membrane. Plasma membranes are highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of the membrane as well as the function of both the transporters and signaling proteins[1][2]. Cholesterol is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) agonist[3].

   

Marinobufogenin

Marinobufogenin

C24H32O5 (400.225)


D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D002301 - Cardiac Glycosides D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents > D002018 - Bufanolides D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014662 - Vasoconstrictor Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

   

5-{3a,5a,7,10-tetrahydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-11-oxo-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl}pyran-2-one

5-{3a,5a,7,10-tetrahydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-11-oxo-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl}pyran-2-one

C24H32O7 (432.2148)


   

7'-hydroxy-2,9'a-dimethyl-1'-oxo-3-(6-oxopyran-3-yl)-octahydro-3'ah-spiro[cyclopentane-1,3'-naphtho[1,2-c]furan]-2-carboxylic acid

7'-hydroxy-2,9'a-dimethyl-1'-oxo-3-(6-oxopyran-3-yl)-octahydro-3'ah-spiro[cyclopentane-1,3'-naphtho[1,2-c]furan]-2-carboxylic acid

C24H30O7 (430.1991)


   

5-[(1r,3as,3br,5as,7s,9ar,9bs,10r,11ar)-3a,5a,7,10-tetrahydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-dodecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl]pyran-2-one

5-[(1r,3as,3br,5as,7s,9ar,9bs,10r,11ar)-3a,5a,7,10-tetrahydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-dodecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl]pyran-2-one

C24H34O6 (418.2355)


   

5-[(1s,4r,6r,7r,10s,14s,16s,19s)-10,14,16-trihydroxy-2-methoxy-6-methyl-3-oxapentacyclo[9.7.1.0¹,¹⁴.0⁴,¹⁹.0⁶,¹⁰]nonadecan-7-yl]pyran-2-one

5-[(1s,4r,6r,7r,10s,14s,16s,19s)-10,14,16-trihydroxy-2-methoxy-6-methyl-3-oxapentacyclo[9.7.1.0¹,¹⁴.0⁴,¹⁹.0⁶,¹⁰]nonadecan-7-yl]pyran-2-one

C25H34O7 (446.2304)


   

epicholestrol

epicholestrol

C27H46O (386.3548)


   

5-[(1s,2s,4r,6r,7r,10s,11r,14s,16s,19s)-10,14,16-trihydroxy-2-methoxy-6-methyl-3-oxapentacyclo[9.7.1.0¹,¹⁴.0⁴,¹⁹.0⁶,¹⁰]nonadecan-7-yl]pyran-2-one

5-[(1s,2s,4r,6r,7r,10s,11r,14s,16s,19s)-10,14,16-trihydroxy-2-methoxy-6-methyl-3-oxapentacyclo[9.7.1.0¹,¹⁴.0⁴,¹⁹.0⁶,¹⁰]nonadecan-7-yl]pyran-2-one

C25H34O7 (446.2304)


   

5-{9,14,16-trihydroxy-7,11-dimethyl-3-oxapentacyclo[8.8.0.0²,⁴.0²,⁷.0¹¹,¹⁶]octadecan-6-yl}pyran-2-one

5-{9,14,16-trihydroxy-7,11-dimethyl-3-oxapentacyclo[8.8.0.0²,⁴.0²,⁷.0¹¹,¹⁶]octadecan-6-yl}pyran-2-one

C24H32O6 (416.2199)


   

3a,5a,7-trihydroxy-11a-methyl-1-(6-oxopyran-3-yl)-dodecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-9a-carbaldehyde

3a,5a,7-trihydroxy-11a-methyl-1-(6-oxopyran-3-yl)-dodecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-9a-carbaldehyde

C24H32O6 (416.2199)


   

5-[(1r,2s,4r,6r,7r,9r,10s,11r,14s,16s)-9,14,16-trihydroxy-11-(hydroxymethyl)-7-methyl-3-oxapentacyclo[8.8.0.0²,⁴.0²,⁷.0¹¹,¹⁶]octadecan-6-yl]pyran-2-one

5-[(1r,2s,4r,6r,7r,9r,10s,11r,14s,16s)-9,14,16-trihydroxy-11-(hydroxymethyl)-7-methyl-3-oxapentacyclo[8.8.0.0²,⁴.0²,⁷.0¹¹,¹⁶]octadecan-6-yl]pyran-2-one

C24H32O7 (432.2148)


   

5-[9,14,16-trihydroxy-11-(hydroxymethyl)-7-methyl-3-oxapentacyclo[8.8.0.0²,⁴.0²,⁷.0¹¹,¹⁶]octadecan-6-yl]pyran-2-one

5-[9,14,16-trihydroxy-11-(hydroxymethyl)-7-methyl-3-oxapentacyclo[8.8.0.0²,⁴.0²,⁷.0¹¹,¹⁶]octadecan-6-yl]pyran-2-one

C24H32O7 (432.2148)


   

5-{10,14,16-trihydroxy-2-methoxy-6-methyl-3-oxapentacyclo[9.7.1.0¹,¹⁴.0⁴,¹⁹.0⁶,¹⁰]nonadecan-7-yl}pyran-2-one

5-{10,14,16-trihydroxy-2-methoxy-6-methyl-3-oxapentacyclo[9.7.1.0¹,¹⁴.0⁴,¹⁹.0⁶,¹⁰]nonadecan-7-yl}pyran-2-one

C25H34O7 (446.2304)


   

(1s,2r,3r,3'ar,5'ar,7's,9'as,9'bs)-7'-hydroxy-2,9'a-dimethyl-1'-oxo-3-(6-oxopyran-3-yl)-octahydro-3'ah-spiro[cyclopentane-1,3'-naphtho[1,2-c]furan]-2-carboxylic acid

(1s,2r,3r,3'ar,5'ar,7's,9'as,9'bs)-7'-hydroxy-2,9'a-dimethyl-1'-oxo-3-(6-oxopyran-3-yl)-octahydro-3'ah-spiro[cyclopentane-1,3'-naphtho[1,2-c]furan]-2-carboxylic acid

C24H30O7 (430.1991)


   

(1r,3as,3br,5as,7s,9as,9bs,11ar)-3a,5a,7-trihydroxy-11a-methyl-1-(6-oxopyran-3-yl)-dodecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-9a-carbaldehyde

(1r,3as,3br,5as,7s,9as,9bs,11ar)-3a,5a,7-trihydroxy-11a-methyl-1-(6-oxopyran-3-yl)-dodecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-9a-carbaldehyde

C24H32O6 (416.2199)


   

5-{3a,5a,7,10-tetrahydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-dodecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl}pyran-2-one

5-{3a,5a,7,10-tetrahydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-dodecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl}pyran-2-one

C24H34O6 (418.2355)


   

5-[(1r,3as,3br,5as,7s,9ar,9bs,10s,11ar)-3a,5a,7,10-tetrahydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-11-oxo-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl]pyran-2-one

5-[(1r,3as,3br,5as,7s,9ar,9bs,10s,11ar)-3a,5a,7,10-tetrahydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-11-oxo-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl]pyran-2-one

C24H32O7 (432.2148)


   

(2s)-5-carbamimidamido-2-[(1-hydroxy-8-{[(1r,2s,4r,6r,7r,10s,11r,14s,16s)-16-hydroxy-7,11-dimethyl-6-(6-oxopyran-3-yl)-3-oxapentacyclo[8.8.0.0²,⁴.0²,⁷.0¹¹,¹⁶]octadecan-14-yl]oxy}-8-oxooctylidene)amino]pentanoic acid

(2s)-5-carbamimidamido-2-[(1-hydroxy-8-{[(1r,2s,4r,6r,7r,10s,11r,14s,16s)-16-hydroxy-7,11-dimethyl-6-(6-oxopyran-3-yl)-3-oxapentacyclo[8.8.0.0²,⁴.0²,⁷.0¹¹,¹⁶]octadecan-14-yl]oxy}-8-oxooctylidene)amino]pentanoic acid

C38H56N4O9 (712.4047)


   

stigmast-5-en-3-ol, (3β)-

stigmast-5-en-3-ol, (3β)-

C29H50O (414.3861)


   

5-[(1r,3as,3br,5as,7s,9ar,9bs,11ar)-3a,5a,7-trihydroxy-9a-(hydroxymethyl)-11a-methyl-dodecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl]pyran-2-one

5-[(1r,3as,3br,5as,7s,9ar,9bs,11ar)-3a,5a,7-trihydroxy-9a-(hydroxymethyl)-11a-methyl-dodecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl]pyran-2-one

C24H34O6 (418.2355)


   

5-[(1r,3as,3br,5as,7s,9ar,9bs,10r,11ar)-3a,5a,7,10-tetrahydroxy-9a-(hydroxymethyl)-11a-methyl-dodecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl]pyran-2-one

5-[(1r,3as,3br,5as,7s,9ar,9bs,10r,11ar)-3a,5a,7,10-tetrahydroxy-9a-(hydroxymethyl)-11a-methyl-dodecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl]pyran-2-one

C24H34O7 (434.2304)


   

7'-hydroxy-2,9'a-dimethyl-1'-oxo-3-(2-oxopyran-4-yl)-octahydro-3'ah-spiro[cyclopentane-1,3'-naphtho[1,2-c]furan]-2-carboxylic acid

7'-hydroxy-2,9'a-dimethyl-1'-oxo-3-(2-oxopyran-4-yl)-octahydro-3'ah-spiro[cyclopentane-1,3'-naphtho[1,2-c]furan]-2-carboxylic acid

C24H30O7 (430.1991)


   

5-[3a,5a,7,10-tetrahydroxy-9a-(hydroxymethyl)-11a-methyl-dodecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl]pyran-2-one

5-[3a,5a,7,10-tetrahydroxy-9a-(hydroxymethyl)-11a-methyl-dodecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl]pyran-2-one

C24H34O7 (434.2304)


   

5-[3a,5a,7-trihydroxy-9a-(hydroxymethyl)-11a-methyl-dodecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl]pyran-2-one

5-[3a,5a,7-trihydroxy-9a-(hydroxymethyl)-11a-methyl-dodecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl]pyran-2-one

C24H34O6 (418.2355)


   

[(1r,2s,4r,6r,7r,10s,11r,14s,16s)-16-hydroxy-7,11-dimethyl-6-(6-oxopyran-3-yl)-3-oxapentacyclo[8.8.0.0²,⁴.0²,⁷.0¹¹,¹⁶]octadecan-14-yl]oxidanesulfonic acid

[(1r,2s,4r,6r,7r,10s,11r,14s,16s)-16-hydroxy-7,11-dimethyl-6-(6-oxopyran-3-yl)-3-oxapentacyclo[8.8.0.0²,⁴.0²,⁷.0¹¹,¹⁶]octadecan-14-yl]oxidanesulfonic acid

C24H32O8S (480.1818)


   

5-[(1r,2s,4r,6r,7r,9r,10s,11r,14s,16s)-9,14,16-trihydroxy-7,11-dimethyl-3-oxapentacyclo[8.8.0.0²,⁴.0²,⁷.0¹¹,¹⁶]octadecan-6-yl]pyran-2-one

5-[(1r,2s,4r,6r,7r,9r,10s,11r,14s,16s)-9,14,16-trihydroxy-7,11-dimethyl-3-oxapentacyclo[8.8.0.0²,⁴.0²,⁷.0¹¹,¹⁶]octadecan-6-yl]pyran-2-one

C24H32O6 (416.2199)