Gene Association: MED12
UniProt Search:
MED12 (PROTEIN_CODING)
Function Description: mediator complex subunit 12
found 29 associated metabolites with current gene based on the text mining result from the pubmed database.
Noreugenin
Noreugenin is a member of the class of chromones in which the 1,4-benzopyrone skeleton is substituted with a methyl group at position 2 and with hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7. A natural product, it is found in Pisonia aculeata. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a member of chromones and a member of resorcinols. It is a conjugate acid of a noreugenin(1-). Noreugenin is a natural product found in Crossosoma bigelovii, Schumanniophyton magnificum, and other organisms with data available. Noreugenin, also known as 5,7-dihydroxy-2-methyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one, is a member of the class of compounds known as chromones. Chromones are compounds containing a benzopyran-4-one moiety. Noreugenin is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Noreugenin can be found in carrot and wild carrot, which makes noreugenin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Noreugenin, 5,7-dihydroxy-2-methyl-4H-chromen-4-one, is a new chromone from Aloe arborescens. (Amaryllidaceae)[1].
Malonyl-CoA
Malonyl-CoA belongs to the class of organic compounds known as acyl-CoAs. These are organic compounds containing a coenzyme A substructure linked to an acyl chain. Thus, malonyl-CoA is considered to be a fatty ester lipid molecule. Malonyl-CoA is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. Within humans, malonyl-CoA participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, malonyl-CoA can be biosynthesized from acetyl-CoA; which is mediated by the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1. In addition, malonyl-CoA can be converted into malonic acid and coenzyme A; which is catalyzed by the enzyme fatty acid synthase. Outside of the human body, malonyl-CoA has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as rapes, mamey sapotes, jews ears, pepper (C. chinense), and Alaska wild rhubarbs. This could make malonyl-CoA a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Malonyl-CoA is a coenzyme A derivative that plays a key role in fatty acid synthesis in the cytoplasmic and microsomal systems. Malonyl-coa, also known as malonyl coenzyme a or coenzyme a, s-(hydrogen propanedioate), is a member of the class of compounds known as acyl coas. Acyl coas are organic compounds containing a coenzyme A substructure linked to an acyl chain. Thus, malonyl-coa is considered to be a fatty ester lipid molecule. Malonyl-coa is slightly soluble (in water) and an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa). Malonyl-coa can be found in a number of food items such as root vegetables, sourdock, ceylon cinnamon, and buffalo currant, which makes malonyl-coa a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Malonyl-coa exists in E.coli (prokaryote) and yeast (eukaryote).
Benzophenone
Benzophenone is the organic compound with the formula (C6H5)2CO, generally abbreviated Ph2CO. It is a widely used building block in organic chemistry, being the parent diarylketone. Benzophenone is found in fruits. Benzophenone is present in grapes and it is also used as a flavouring agent. Benzophenone is a common photosensitizer in photochemistry. It crosses from the S1 state into the triplet state with nearly 100\\\\% yield. The resulting diradical will abstract a hydrogen atom from a suitable hydrogen donor to form a ketyl radical. D011838 - Radiation-Sensitizing Agents > D017319 - Photosensitizing Agents CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 15 D003879 - Dermatologic Agents Benzophenone is an endogenous metabolite. Benzophenone is an endogenous metabolite.
Prochlorperazine
Prochlorperazine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of nausea; vomiting; and vertigo. It is more likely than chlorpromazine to cause extrapyramidal disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612)The mechanism of action of prochlorperazine has not been fully determined, but may be primarily related to its antidopaminergic effects. Prochlorperazine blocks the D2 somatodendritic autoreceptor, resulting in the blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors in the mesolimbic system and an increased dopamine turnover. Prochlorperazine also has anti-emetic effects, which can be attributed to dopamine blockade in the chemoreceptor trigger zone. Prochlorperazine also blocks anticholinergic and alpha-adrenergic receptors, the blockade of alpha(1)-adrenergic receptors resulting in sedation, muscle relaxation, and hypotension. N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05A - Antipsychotics > N05AB - Phenothiazines with piperazine structure D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014150 - Antipsychotic Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents > D018492 - Dopamine Antagonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C267 - Antiemetic Agent > C740 - Phenothiazine D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D000932 - Antiemetics
NSC 204421
D006133 - Growth Substances > D010937 - Plant Growth Regulators D010575 - Pesticides > D006540 - Herbicides D016573 - Agrochemicals CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3097
Cyclosporine
D007155 - Immunologic Factors > D007166 - Immunosuppressive Agents > D003524 - Cyclosporins D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D065095 - Calcineurin Inhibitors D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents D003879 - Dermatologic Agents Cyclosporin A (Cyclosporine A) is an immunosuppressant which binds to the cyclophilin and inhibits phosphatase activity of protein phosphatase 2B (PP2B/calcineurin) with an IC50 of 5 nM[3]. Cyclosporin A also inhibits CD11a/CD18 adhesion[8].
Homocarnosine
Homocarnosine is a normal human metabolite, the brain-specific dipeptide of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and histidine. (PMID 1266573). Increased concentration of CSF homocarnosine has been found in familial spastic paraplegia. (PMID 842287). Homocarnosinosis (an inherited disorder, OMIM 236130) is characterized by an elevated level of the dipeptide homocarnosine (Hca) in the Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the brain and by carnosinuria and serum carnosinase deficiency, and can co-exist with paraplegia, retinitis pigmentosa, and a progressive mental deficiency. (PMID 3736769). In glial tumors of human brain the content of homocarnosine has been found to be lower than in brain tissue (PMID 1032224), while an increase in content of homocarnosine was observed in brain tissue of animals under experimental trauma of cranium. (PMID 1025883). Homocarnosine is a normal human metabolite, the brain-specific dipeptide of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and histidine. (PMID 1266573) Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. KEIO_ID H013; [MS3] KO008992 KEIO_ID H013; [MS2] KO008991 KEIO_ID H013
Phytoene
Phytoene, also known as all-trans-phytoene or 15-cis-phytoene, is a member of the class of compounds known as carotenes. Carotenes are a type of unsaturated hydrocarbons containing eight consecutive isoprene units. They are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Carotenes belonging form a subgroup of the carotenoids family. Thus, phytoene is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Phytoene can be found in a number of food items such as turmeric, garden onion, winter squash, and coconut, which makes phytoene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Phytoene can be found primarily in blood and breast milk. Phytoene (FY-toe-een) is a 40-carbon intermediate in the biosynthesis of carotenoids. The synthesis of phytoene is the first committed step in the synthesis of carotenoids in plants. Phytoene is produced from two molecules of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) by the action of the enzyme phytoene synthase. The two GGPP molecules are condensed together followed by removal of diphosphate and proton shift leading to the formation of phytoene . Phytoene, also known as 7,7,8,8,11,11,12,12-octahydrocarotene, is a carotenoid found in human fluids. Carotenoids are isoprenoid molecules that are widespread in nature and are typically seen as pigments in fruits, flowers, birds, and crustacea. Animals are unable to synthesize carotenoids de novo, and rely upon the diet as a source of these compounds. Over recent years there has been considerable interest in dietary carotenoids with respect to their potential in alleviating age-related diseases in humans. This attention has been mirrored by significant advances in cloning most of the carotenoid genes and in the genetic manipulation of crop plants with the intention of increasing levels in the diet. Studies have shown an inverse relationship between the consumption of certain fruits and vegetables and the risk of epithelial cancer. Since carotenoids are among the micronutrients found in cancer-preventive foods, detailed qualitative and quantitative determination of these compounds, particularly in fruits and vegetables and in human plasma, have recently become increasingly important (PMID: 1416048, 15003396). D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids
4-Coumaroyl-CoA
4-Coumaroyl-CoA (CAS: 30802-00-7), also known as p-coumaroyl-CoA, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 2-enoyl CoAs. These are organic compounds containing a coenzyme A substructure linked to a 2-enoyl chain. 4-Coumaroyl-CoA is a strong basic compound (based on its pKa). (E)-p-Coumaroyl-CoA, also known as trans-p-coumaroyl-CoA, is an important intermediate in various biological pathways, particularly in plants. It plays a key role in the biosynthesis of numerous secondary metabolites, including flavonoids and lignins. Structurally, it consists of a Coenzyme A (CoA) molecule esterified with trans-p-coumaric acid, a type of hydroxycinnamic acid. This compound is involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway, where it serves as a precursor for the synthesis of a wide range of compounds with diverse biological functions. The presence of the CoA group allows it to participate in enzymatic reactions, facilitating the transfer of the p-coumaroyl group to other molecules, thereby contributing to the synthesis of complex biochemical compounds. Coenzyme A, S-[(2E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoate]. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=119785-99-8 (retrieved 2024-07-12) (CAS RN: 119785-99-8). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Phenylacetyl-CoA
Phenylacetyl-CoA was found to be a very potent inhibitor of choline acetyltransferase, competitive for acetyl-CoA with Ki of 3.1 X 10(-7)M. Phenylacetate exerts its neurotoxic action through its metabolic product, phenylacetyl-CoA, which could severely decrease the availability of acetyl-CoA. (PMID: 6142928) [HMDB] Phenylacetyl-CoA was found to be a very potent inhibitor of choline acetyltransferase, competitive for acetyl-CoA with Ki of 3.1 X 10(-7)M. Phenylacetate exerts its neurotoxic action through its metabolic product, phenylacetyl-CoA, which could severely decrease the availability of acetyl-CoA (PMID: 6142928).
Prostaglandin D1
Prostaglandin D1 is a prostanoid that elicits contractile and relaxant on isolated human pial arteries with small potency. Prostanoids is a term that collectively describes prostaglandins, prostacyclines and thromboxanes. Prostanoids are a subclass of the lipid mediator group known as eicosanoids. They derive from C-20 polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly dihomo-gamma-linoleic (20:3n-6), arachidonic (20:4n-6), and eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3) acids, through the action of cyclooxygenases-1 and -2 (COX-1 and COX-2). The reaction product of COX is the unstable endoperoxide prostaglandin H (PGH) that is further transformed into the individual prostanoids by a series of specific prostanoid synthases. Prostanoids are local-acting mediators formed and inactivated within the same or neighbouring cells prior to their release into circulation as inactive metabolites (15-keto- and 13,14-dihydroketo metabolites). Non-enzymatic peroxidation of arachidonic acid and other fatty acids in vivo can result in prostaglandin-like substances isomeric to the COX-derived prostaglandins that are termed isoprostanes. Prostanoids take part in many physiological and pathophysiological processes in practically every organ, tissue and cell, including the vascular, renal, gastrointestinal and reproductive systems. Their activities are mediated through prostanoid-specific receptors and intracellular signalling pathways, whilst their biosynthesis and action are blocked by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID). Isoprostanes are considered to be reliable markers of oxidant stress status and have been linked to inflammation, ischaemia-reperfusion, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, reproductive disorders and diabetes. (PMID: 6091419, 16986207)Prostaglandins are eicosanoids. The eicosanoids consist of the prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs), leukotrienes (LTs), and lipoxins (LXs). The PGs and TXs are collectively identified as prostanoids. Prostaglandins were originally shown to be synthesized in the prostate gland, thromboxanes from platelets (thrombocytes), and leukotrienes from leukocytes, hence the derivation of their names. All mammalian cells except erythrocytes synthesize eicosanoids. These molecules are extremely potent, able to cause profound physiological effects at very dilute concentrations. All eicosanoids function locally at the site of synthesis, through receptor-mediated G-protein linked signalling pathways. Prostaglandin D1 is a prostanoid that elicits contractile and relaxant on isolated human pial arteries with small potency. Prostanoids is a term that collectively describes prostaglandins, prostacyclines and thromboxanes. Prostanoids are a subclass of the lipid mediator group known as eicosanoids. They derive from C-20 polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly dihomo-gamma-linoleic (20:3n-6), arachidonic (20:4n-6), and eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3) acids, through the action of cyclooxygenases-1 and -2 (COX-1 and COX-2). The reaction product of COX is the unstable endoperoxide prostaglandin H (PGH) that is further transformed into the individual prostanoids by a series of specific prostanoid synthases. Prostanoids are local-acting mediators formed and inactivated within the same or neighbouring cells prior to their release into circulation as inactive metabolites (15-keto- and 13,14-dihydroketo metabolites). Non-enzymatic peroxidation of arachidonic acid and other fatty acids in vivo can result in prostaglandin-like substances isomeric to the COX-derived prostaglandins that are termed isoprostanes. Prostanoids take part in many physiological and pathophysiological processes in practically every organ, tissue and cell, including the vascular, renal, gastrointestinal and reproductive systems. Their activities are mediated through prostanoid-specific receptors and intracellular signalling pathways, whilst their biosynthesis and action are blocked by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID). Isoprostanes are considered to be reliable markers of oxidant stress status and have been linked to inflammation, ischaemia-reperfusion, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, reproductive disorders and diabetes. (PMID: 6091419, 16986207)
Toxoflavin
A pyrimidotriazine that is 1,6-dimethyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrimido[5,4-e][1,2,4]triazine with oxo groups at positions 5 and 7.
Deshydroxythienamycin
D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D013845 - Thienamycins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams
Cyclosporin A
Homocarnosine
A histidine derivative that is histidine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-amino group has been replaced by a 4-aminobutanoyl group.
prochlorperazine
N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05A - Antipsychotics > N05AB - Phenothiazines with piperazine structure D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014150 - Antipsychotic Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents > D018492 - Dopamine Antagonists C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C267 - Antiemetic Agent > C740 - Phenothiazine D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D000932 - Antiemetics
CoA 9:5;O
Noreugenin
Noreugenin is a member of the class of chromones in which the 1,4-benzopyrone skeleton is substituted with a methyl group at position 2 and with hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7. A natural product, it is found in Pisonia aculeata. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a member of chromones and a member of resorcinols. It is a conjugate acid of a noreugenin(1-). Noreugenin is a natural product found in Crossosoma bigelovii, Schumanniophyton magnificum, and other organisms with data available. A member of the class of chromones in which the 1,4-benzopyrone skeleton is substituted with a methyl group at position 2 and with hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7. A natural product, it is found in Pisonia aculeata. Noreugenin, 5,7-dihydroxy-2-methyl-4H-chromen-4-one, is a new chromone from Aloe arborescens. (Amaryllidaceae)[1].
BENZOPHENONE
The simplest member of the class of benzophenones, being formaldehyde in which both hydrogens are replaced by phenyl groups. D011838 - Radiation-Sensitizing Agents > D017319 - Photosensitizing Agents D003879 - Dermatologic Agents Benzophenone is an endogenous metabolite. Benzophenone is an endogenous metabolite.
Phenylacetyl-CoA
An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of phenylacetic acid.
8-Dehydroxythienamycin
D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D013845 - Thienamycins D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D047090 - beta-Lactams D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D007769 - Lactams
