Classification Term: 2016
Coumaric acids and derivatives (ontology term: CHEMONTID:0000059)
Aromatic compounds containing Aromatic compounds containing a cinnamic acid moiety (or a derivative thereof) hydroxylated at the C2 (ortho-), C3 (meta-), or C4 (para-) carbon atom of the benzene ring." []
found 99 associated metabolites at category metabolite taxonomy ontology rank level.
Ancestor: Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives
Child Taxonomies: Coumaric acids
Rosmarinic acid
Rosmarinic acid is an ester of caffeic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid. It is commonly found in species of the Boraginaceae and the subfamily Nepetoideae of the Lamiaceae. It is a red-orange powder that is slightly soluble in water, but well soluble is most organic solvents. Rosmarinic acid is one of the polyphenolic substances contained in culinary herbs such as perilla (Perilla frutescens L.), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), sage (Salvia officinalis L.), mint (Mentha arvense L.), and basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). These herbs are commonly grown in the garden as kitchen herbs, and while used to add flavor in cooking, are also known to have several potent physiological effects (PMID: 12482446, 15120569). BioTransformer predicts that rosmarinic acid is a product of methylrosmarinic acid metabolism via a hydrolysis-of-carboxylic-acid-ester-pattern1 reaction occurring in humans and human gut microbiota and catalyzed by the liver carboxylesterase 1 (P23141) enzyme (PMID: 30612223). (R)-rosmarinic acid is a stereoisomer of rosmarinic acid having (R)-configuration. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a geroprotector. It is a conjugate acid of a (R)-rosmarinate. It is an enantiomer of a (S)-rosmarinic acid. Rosmarinic acid is a natural product found in Dimetia scandens, Scrophularia scorodonia, and other organisms with data available. See also: Rosemary Oil (part of); Comfrey Root (part of); Holy basil leaf (part of) ... View More ... D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011480 - Protease Inhibitors > D015842 - Serine Proteinase Inhibitors D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D010975 - Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors Isolated from rosemary, mint, sage, thyme, lemon balm and other plants D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics A stereoisomer of rosmarinic acid having (R)-configuration. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Rosmarinic acid is a widespread phenolic ester compound in the plants. Rosmarinic acid inhibits MAO-A, MAO-B and COMT enzymes with IC50s of 50.1, 184.6 and 26.7 μM, respectively. Rosmarinic acid is a widespread phenolic ester compound in the plants. Rosmarinic acid inhibits MAO-A, MAO-B and COMT enzymes with IC50s of 50.1, 184.6 and 26.7 μM, respectively.
Sinapine
[C16H24NO5]+ (310.16543939999997)
Sugar phosphate, also known as sinapoylcholine or sinapine, belongs to coumaric acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are aromatic compounds containing Aromatic compounds containing a cinnamic acid moiety (or a derivative thereof) hydroxylated at the C2 (ortho-), C3 (meta-), or C4 (para-) carbon atom of the benzene ring. Sugar phosphate is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Sugar phosphate can be found in a number of food items such as common sage, tea leaf willow, broccoli, and sweet bay, which makes sugar phosphate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Sugar phosphate exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. Sinapine (CAS: 18696-26-9), also known as sinapoylcholine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as morphinans. These are polycyclic compounds with a four-ring skeleton with three condensed six-member rings forming a partially hydrogenated phenanthrene moiety, one of which is aromatic while the two others are alicyclic. Sinapine is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Sinapine has been detected, but not quantified, in garden cress and horseradish. Sinapine is found in brassicas. It is a storage protein isolated from the seeds of Brassica napus (rape). This could make sinapine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Sinapine is an acylcholine in which the acyl group specified is sinapoyl. It has a role as a photosynthetic electron-transport chain inhibitor, an antioxidant and a plant metabolite. It is functionally related to a trans-sinapic acid. Sinapine is a natural product found in Alliaria petiolata, Isatis quadrialata, and other organisms with data available. IPB_RECORD: 244; CONFIDENCE confident structure Sinapine is an alkaloid isolated from seeds of the cruciferous species. Sinapine exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-angiogenic and radio-protective effects. Sinapine is also an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor and can be used for the research of Alzheimer’s disease, ataxia, myasthenia gravis, and Parkinson’s disease[1][2][3][4]. Sinapine is an alkaloid isolated from seeds of the cruciferous species. Sinapine exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-angiogenic and radio-protective effects. Sinapine is also an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor and can be used for the research of Alzheimer’s disease, ataxia, myasthenia gravis, and Parkinson’s disease[1][2][3][4].
N1,N10-Dicoumaroylspermidine
C25H31N3O4 (437.23144460000003)
N1,N10-Dicoumaroylspermidine is found in fats and oils. N1,N10-Dicoumaroylspermidine is an alkaloid from Helianthus annuus (sunflower) Vicia faba and Pyrus communis (pear). Alkaloid from Helianthus annuus (sunflower) Vicia faba and Pyrus communis (pear). N1,N10-Dicoumaroylspermidine is found in pomes, fats and oils, and pulses.
4-Coumaroylputrescine
Alkaloid from Pennisetum americanum (pearl millet), Zea mays (sweet corn), Persea gratissima (avocado) and Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato). 4-Coumaroylputrescine is found in many foods, some of which are garden tomato, cereals and cereal products, fruits, and fats and oils. 4-Coumaroylputrescine is found in cereals and cereal products. 4-Coumaroylputrescine is an alkaloid from Pennisetum americanum (pearl millet), Zea mays (sweet corn), Persea gratissima (avocado) and Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato).
4-Hydroxycinnamoylagmatine
4-Hydroxycinnamoylagmatine is found in cereals and cereal products. 4-Hydroxycinnamoylagmatine is isolated from barley seedlings. Isolated from barley seedlings. 4-Hydroxycinnamoylagmatine is found in cereals and cereal products.
Caffeoylmalic acid
Isolated from leaves of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and from Trifolium pratense (red clover). L-Malic acid caffeate is found in many foods, some of which are yellow wax bean, herbs and spices, tea, and pulses. Caffeoylmalic acid is found in common bean. Caffeoylmalic acid is isolated from leaves of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and from Trifolium pratense (red clover
Dattelic acid
Isolated from Pteridium aquilinum (bracken fern) and from unripe dates (tentative ident.). Dattelic acid is found in many foods, some of which are green vegetables, fruits, date, and blackcurrant. Dattelic acid is found in blackcurrant. Dattelic acid is isolated from Pteridium aquilinum (bracken fern) and from unripe dates (tentative ident.). 5-O-Caffeoylshikimic acid can be used in the study for NSCLC[1][2]. 5-O-Caffeoylshikimic acid can be used in the study for NSCLC[1][2].
Caffeic acid ester
Caffeic acid ester, also known as caffeic acid phenethyl ester or cape, belongs to coumaric acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are aromatic compounds containing Aromatic compounds containing a cinnamic acid moiety (or a derivative thereof) hydroxylated at the C2 (ortho-), C3 (meta-), or C4 (para-) carbon atom of the benzene ring. Caffeic acid ester is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Caffeic acid ester can be found in corn, flaxseed, oat, and peach, which makes caffeic acid ester a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C2189 - Signal Transduction Inhibitor Caffeic acid phenethyl ester is a NF-κB inhibitor. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester is a NF-κB inhibitor.
Caftaric acid
Caftaric acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid. Caftaric acid is a natural product found in Vitis rotundifolia, Vitis cinerea var. helleri, and other organisms with data available. Caftaric acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Caftaric acid is a non-flavanoid that impacts the color of white wine. Many believe this molecule is responsible for the yellowish-gold color seen in some whites wines[citation needed]. Aside from wine, it is abundantly present in raisins. Caftaric acid is a natural compound. Caftaric acid is a natural compound.
Caffeic acid ethyl ester
Caffeic acid ethyl ester, also known as (E)-ethyl 3,4-dihydroxycinnamate or (E)-ethyl caffeate, belongs to coumaric acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are aromatic compounds containing Aromatic compounds containing a cinnamic acid moiety (or a derivative thereof) hydroxylated at the C2 (ortho-), C3 (meta-), or C4 (para-) carbon atom of the benzene ring. Caffeic acid ethyl ester is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Caffeic acid ethyl ester can be found in eggplant and vinegar, which makes caffeic acid ethyl ester a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Ethyl caffeate is an ester of an hydroxycinnamic acid, a naturally occurring organic compound . Ethyl trans-caffeate is an ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid with ethanol. It has a role as an anti-inflammatory agent and an antineoplastic agent. It is an alkyl caffeate ester and an ethyl ester. It is functionally related to a trans-caffeic acid. Ethyl caffeate is a natural product found in Cichorium endivia, Cichorium pumilum, and other organisms with data available. Ethyl Caffeate is a natural phenolic compound isolated from Bidens pilosa. Ethyl caffeate suppresses NF-κB activation and its downstream inflammatory mediators, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in vitro or in mouse skin[1]. Ethyl Caffeate is a natural phenolic compound isolated from Bidens pilosa. Ethyl caffeate suppresses NF-κB activation and its downstream inflammatory mediators, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in vitro or in mouse skin[1].
Methylrosmarinic acid
Methyl rosmarinate is a hydroxycinnamic acid. Methyl rosmarinate is a natural product found in Dimetia scandens, Bourreria pulchra, and other organisms with data available. Methylrosmarinic acid is found in herbs and spices. Methylrosmarinic acid is isolated from Salvia (sage) species. Isolated from Salvia (sage) subspecies Methyl rosmarinate is found in herbs and spices. Methyl rosmarinate is a noncompetitive tyrosinase inhibitor which is isolated from Rabdosia serra, with an IC50 of 0.28 mM for mushroom tyrosinase, and also inhibits a-glucosidase[1]. Methyl rosmarinate is a noncompetitive tyrosinase inhibitor which is isolated from Rabdosia serra, with an IC50 of 0.28 mM for mushroom tyrosinase, and also inhibits a-glucosidase[1].
N-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)ethyl p-hydroxycinnamide
Trans-N-p-coumaroyl tyramine is a hydroxycinnamic acid. It has a role as a metabolite. p-Coumaroyltyramine is a natural product found in Ophiopogon japonicus, Polyalthia suberosa, and other organisms with data available. See also: Cannabis sativa subsp. indica top (part of); Ipomoea aquatica leaf (part of). Constituent of Chinese onion (Allium chinense) and broad bean (Vicia faba). N-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)ethyl p-hydroxycinnamide is found in onion-family vegetables and pulses. N-p-cis-Coumaroyltyramine is found in onion-family vegetables. N-p-cis-Coumaroyltyramine is a constituent of Chinese onion Allium chinense. A natural product found particularly in Solanum melongena and Asimina triloba. N-p-trans-Coumaroyltyramine is a cinnamoylphenethyl amide isolated from polygonum hyrcanicum, acts as an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor with an an IC50 of 122 μM. N-p-trans-Coumaroyltyramine exhibits anti-trypanosomal activity with an IC50 of 13.3 μM for T. brucei rhodesiense[1][2]. N-p-trans-Coumaroyltyramine is a cinnamoylphenethyl amide isolated from polygonum hyrcanicum, acts as an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor with an an IC50 of 122 μM. N-p-trans-Coumaroyltyramine exhibits anti-trypanosomal activity with an IC50 of 13.3 μM for T. brucei rhodesiense[1][2].
N-trans-p-Coumaroyloctopamine
C17H17NO4 (299.11575220000003)
Alkaloid from roots of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum variety grossum). N-trans-p-Coumaroyloctopamine is found in many foods, some of which are orange bell pepper, herbs and spices, eggplant, and red bell pepper. N-trans-p-Coumaroyloctopamine is found in eggplant. N-trans-p-Coumaroyloctopamine is an alkaloid from roots of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum var. grossum). N-trans-p-coumaroyloctopamine is a member of styrenes. N-trans-p-coumaroyloctopamine is a phenylpropanoid amide isolated from eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)[1]. N-trans-p-coumaroyloctopamine is a phenylpropanoid amide isolated from eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)[1].
3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid
3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid is a methoxycinnamic acid that is trans-cinnamic acid substituted by methoxy groups at positions 3 and 4 respectively. It is functionally related to a trans-cinnamic acid. 3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid is a natural product found in Sibiraea angustata, Verbesina gigantea, and other organisms with data available. 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid is found in beverages. 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid is found in kava (Piper methysticum). FDA advises against use of kava in food due to potential risk of severe liver damage (2002 Found in kava (Piper methysticum). FDA advises against use of kava in food due to potential risk of severe liver damage (2002) (E)-3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid is the less active isomer of 3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid. 3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid exerts anti-apoptotic effects on L-02 cells via the ROS-mediated signaling pathway[1]. Anti-apoptotic effects[1]. (E)-3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid is the less active isomer of 3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid. 3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid exerts anti-apoptotic effects on L-02 cells via the ROS-mediated signaling pathway[1]. Anti-apoptotic effects[1]. 3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid (O-Methylferulic acid) is a monomer extracted and purified from Securidaca inappendiculata Hassk. 3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid exerts anti-apoptotic effects on L-02 cells via the ROS-mediated signaling pathway[1]. Anti-apoptotic effects[1]. 3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid (O-Methylferulic acid) is a monomer extracted and purified from Securidaca inappendiculata Hassk. 3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid exerts anti-apoptotic effects on L-02 cells via the ROS-mediated signaling pathway[1]. Anti-apoptotic effects[1].
p-Hydroxyphenethyl trans-ferulate
P-Hydroxyphenethyl trans-ferulate is a hydroxycinnamic acid. p-Hydroxyphenethyl trans-ferulate is a natural product found in Sida spinosa, Chaerophyllum hirsutum, and other organisms with data available. p-Hydroxyphenethyl trans-ferulate is found in herbs and spices. p-Hydroxyphenethyl trans-ferulate is a constituent of Oenanthe javanica (water dropwort). Constituent of Oenanthe javanica (water dropwort). p-Hydroxyphenethyl trans-ferulate is found in herbs and spices. p-Hydroxyphenethyl trans-ferulate has anti-hyperglycemic（yeast α-glucosidase，IC50 19.24 ± 1.73 μmol L-1）, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities[1]. p-Hydroxyphenethyl trans-ferulate shows inhibiting cancer preve p-Hydroxyphenethyl trans-ferulate has anti-hyperglycemic（yeast α-glucosidase，IC50 19.24 ± 1.73 μmol L-1）, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities[1]. p-Hydroxyphenethyl trans-ferulate shows inhibiting cancer preve
Methyl 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamate
Methyl-3,4,5-trimethoxy cinnamate is an alkyl cinnamate obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid with methanol. It is a member of methoxybenzenes and an alkyl cinnamate. Methyl 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamate is a natural product found in Hedysarum polybotrys, Piper arborescens, and other organisms with data available. Methyl 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamate is found in herbs and spices. Methyl 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamate is isolated from Piper longum (long pepper) and other plant species. Isolated from Piper longum (long pepper) and other plant subspecies Methyl 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamate is found in herbs and spices.
(R)-2-Feruloyl-1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-1,2-ethanediol
(R)-2-Feruloyl-1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-1,2-ethanediol is found in herbs and spices. (R)-2-Feruloyl-1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-1,2-ethanediol is a constituent of Coriandrum sativum (coriander) (R)-2-Feruloyl-1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-1,2-ethanediol is a hydroxycinnamic acid.
3,4,5-Trimethoxycinnamic acid
3, 4, 5-trimethoxycinnamic acid is a methoxycinnamic acid with three methoxy substituents at the 3-, 4- and 5-positions. It has a role as an allergen. It is a conjugate acid of a 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamate. 3, 4, 5-Trimethoxycinnamic acid is an organic acid found in normal human urine (PMID:6992730, 6511847). Trimethoxycinnamate is a natural aromatic ester from Piper longum that inhibits expression of cell adhesion molecules on endothelial cells (TNF- -induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and E-Selectin and vascular adhesion molecules-1 (VCAM-1)), without being toxic to endothelial cells. (PMID:16313198). 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid is a methoxycinnamic acid with three methoxy substituents at the 3-, 4- and 5-positions. It has a role as an allergen. It is a conjugate acid of a 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamate. 3,4,5-Trimethoxycinnamic acid is a natural product found in Piper tuberculatum, Polygala tenuifolia, and Piper swartzianum with data available. 3,4,5-Trimethoxycinnamic acid is an organic acid found in normal human urine. (PMID: 6992730, 6511847) (E)-3,4,5-Trimethoxycinnamic acid (TMCA) is a cinnamic acid substituted by multi-methoxy groups. (E)-3,4,5-Trimethoxycinnamic acid is an orally active and potent GABAA/BZ receptor agonist. (E)-3,4,5-Trimethoxycinnamic exhibits favourable binding affinity to 5-HT2C and 5-HT1A receptor, with IC50 values of 2.5 and 7.6 μM, respectively. (E)-3,4,5-Trimethoxycinnamic acid shows anticonvulsant and sedative activity. (E)-3,4,5-Trimethoxycinnamic acid can be used for the research of insomnia, headache and epilepsy[1][2][3]. (E)-3,4,5-Trimethoxycinnamic acid (TMCA) is a cinnamic acid substituted by multi-methoxy groups. (E)-3,4,5-Trimethoxycinnamic acid is an orally active and potent GABAA/BZ receptor agonist. (E)-3,4,5-Trimethoxycinnamic exhibits favourable binding affinity to 5-HT2C and 5-HT1A receptor, with IC50 values of 2.5 and 7.6 μM, respectively. (E)-3,4,5-Trimethoxycinnamic acid shows anticonvulsant and sedative activity. (E)-3,4,5-Trimethoxycinnamic acid can be used for the research of insomnia, headache and epilepsy[1][2][3]. 3,4,5-Trimethoxycinnamic acid is a phenylpropanoid isolated from the roots of Polygala tenuifolia WILLD, with anti-stress effect, prolonging the sleeping time in animals[1][2]. 3,4,5-Trimethoxycinnamic acid increases expression of GAD65 and γ-subunit of GABAA receptor, but shows no effect on the amounts of α-, β-subunits[2]. 3,4,5-Trimethoxycinnamic acid is a phenylpropanoid isolated from the roots of Polygala tenuifolia WILLD, with anti-stress effect, prolonging the sleeping time in animals[1][2]. 3,4,5-Trimethoxycinnamic acid increases expression of GAD65 and γ-subunit of GABAA receptor, but shows no effect on the amounts of α-, β-subunits[2]. 3,4,5-Trimethoxycinnamic acid is a phenylpropanoid isolated from the roots of Polygala tenuifolia WILLD, with anti-stress effect, prolonging the sleeping time in animals[1][2]. 3,4,5-Trimethoxycinnamic acid increases expression of GAD65 and γ-subunit of GABAA receptor, but shows no effect on the amounts of α-, β-subunits[2].
Di-4-coumaroylputrescine
Alkaloid from Helianthus annuus (sunflower), Pyrus communis (pear), Rubus idaeus (raspberry) and Vicia faba. Di-4-coumaroylputrescine is found in many foods, some of which are pomes, fruits, red raspberry, and pulses. Di-4-coumaroylputrescine is found in fats and oils. Di-4-coumaroylputrescine is an alkaloid from Helianthus annuus (sunflower), Pyrus communis (pear), Rubus idaeus (raspberry) and Vicia faba.
Feruloylcholine
Feruloylcholine is a constituent of garlic mustard (Alliaria officinalis). Constituent of garlic mustard (Alliaria officinalis).
3',6-Disinapoylsucrose
3,6-Disinapoylsucrose is found in root vegetables. 3,6-Disinapoylsucrose is a constituent of radish (Raphanus sativus). Constituent of radish (Raphanus sativus). 3,6-Disinapoylsucrose is found in root vegetables. (E)-3',6-Disinapoylsucrose, the index component of Yuanzhi (Polygala tenuifolia Willd), possesses potent antioxidant activity and antidepressant effect[1][2]. (E)-3',6-Disinapoylsucrose, the index component of Yuanzhi (Polygala tenuifolia Willd), possesses potent antioxidant activity and antidepressant effect[1][2].
Isoacteoside
Isoacteoside is a polyphenol compound found in foods of plant origin (PMID: 20428313). A polyphenol compound found in foods of plant origin (PhenolExplorer) Isoacteoside is a natural product that can significantly inhibit the formation of glycation end products. Isoacteoside is a natural product that can significantly inhibit the formation of glycation end products.
3,4-Dicaffeoyl-1,5-quinolactone
C25H22O11 (498.11620619999997)
3,4-Dicaffeoyl-1,5-quinolactone is a polyphenol compound found in foods of plant origin (PMID: 20428313)
3-O-Caffeoylshikimic acid
3-O-Caffeoylshikimic acid is found in date. 3-O-Caffeoylshikimic acid is a constituent of dates (Phoenix dactylifera) Constituent of dates (Phoenix dactylifera). 3-O-Caffeoylshikimic acid is found in date and fruits. 5-O-Caffeoylshikimic acid can be used in the study for NSCLC[1][2]. 5-O-Caffeoylshikimic acid can be used in the study for NSCLC[1][2].
4-O-Caffeoylshikimic acid
4-O-Caffeoylshikimic acid is found in fruits. 4-O-Caffeoylshikimic acid is isolated from unripe dates (Phoenix dactylifera). Isolated from unripe dates (Phoenix dactylifera). 4-O-Caffeoylshikimic acid is found in fruits.
Prenyl cis-caffeate
Prenyl cis-caffeate is a constituent of Populus species Prenyl cis-caffeate is a flavouring agent. Constituent of Populus subspecies
1,26-Dicaffeoylhexacosanediol
1,26-Dicaffeoylhexacosanediol is found in cereals and cereal products. 1,26-Dicaffeoylhexacosanediol is isolated from oats (Avena sativa Isolated from oats (Avena sativa). 1,26-Dicaffeoylhexacosanediol is found in oat and cereals and cereal products.
5'-((Z)-Feruloyl) 3-(2'-methylarabinosylxylose)
5-((Z)-Feruloyl) 3-(2-methylarabinosylxylose) is found in cereals and cereal products. 5-((Z)-Feruloyl) 3-(2-methylarabinosylxylose) is isolated from corn hull
3-Caffeoyl-1,5-quinolactone
3-Caffeoyl-1,5-quinolactone is a polyphenol compound found in foods of plant origin (PMID: 20428313)
N1,N5,N10-Tris-trans-p-coumaroylspermine
C37H44N4O6 (640.3260683999999)
N1,N5,N10-Tris-trans-p-coumaroylspermine is found in herbs and spices. It is a constituent of Matricaria chamomilla (German chamomile). Constituent of Matricaria chamomilla (German chamomile). N1,N5,N10-Tris-trans-p-coumaroylspermine is found in herbs and spices.
N1,N5,N10,N14-Tetra-trans-p-coumaroylspermine
N1,N5,N10,N14-Tetra-trans-p-coumaroylspermine is found in herbs and spices. N1,N5,N10,N14-Tetra-trans-p-coumaroylspermine is a constituent of Matricaria chamomilla (German chamomile). Constituent of Matricaria chamomilla (German chamomile). N1,N5,N10,N14-Tetra-trans-p-coumaroylspermine is found in herbs and spices.
Nb-p-Coumaroyltryptamine
Nb-p-Coumaroyltryptamine is found in cereals and cereal products. Nb-p-Coumaroyltryptamine is found in kernels of sweet corn (Zea mays). Found in kernels of sweet corn (Zea mays)
Fukinolic acid
Fukinolic acid is found in green vegetables. Fukinolic acid is from Petasites japonicus (sweet coltsfoot) and Cimicifuga racemos
3-O-Methylrosmarinic acid
3-O-Methylrosmarinic acid is a polyphenol metabolite detected in biological fluids (PMID: 20428313). A polyphenol metabolite detected in biological fluids [PhenolExplorer]
Erythrinasinate A
Erythrinasinate A is found in green vegetables. Erythrinasinate A is isolated from the stem bark of Erythrina glauca (gallito). Isolated from the stem bark of Erythrina glauca (gallito). Erythrinasinate A is found in green vegetables.
3,4-Dihydroxycinnamoyl-(Z)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethenol
3,4-Dihydroxycinnamoyl-(Z)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethenol is found in common oregano. 3,4-Dihydroxycinnamoyl-(Z)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethenol is isolated from Perilla frutescens (perilla) and the callus cultures of Lavandula angustifolia (lavender). Isolated from the callus cultures of Lavandula angustifolia (lavender).
2'-(E)-Feruloyl-3-(arabinosylxylose)
C20H26O12 (458.14241960000004)
2-(E)-Feruloyl-3-(arabinosylxylose) is found in cereals and cereal products. 2-(E)-Feruloyl-3-(arabinosylxylose) is isolated from corn hull
Fertaric acid
Fertaric acid is a the ester of tartaric acid and the phenolic acid ferulic acid, a type of polyphenol. Polyphenol are secondary plant metabolites and components of grapes, wines and beers. They contribute to the sensory characteristics of wine. Yeast can influence the polyphenolic wine composition by adsorbing them throught its cell wall during wine making. [Caridi 2004]
Gravolenic acid
Gravolenic acid is found in herbs and spices. Gravolenic acid is isolated from above-ground parts of Ruta graveolens (rue). Isolated from above-ground parts of Ruta graveolens (rue). Gravolenic acid is found in herbs and spices.
1-(m-Methoxycinnamoyl)pyrrolidine
C14H17NO2 (231.12592220000002)
1-(m-Methoxycinnamoyl)pyrrolidine is found in beverages. 1-(m-Methoxycinnamoyl)pyrrolidine is an alkaloid from the roots of kava (Piper methysticum). FDA advises against use of kava in food due to potential risk of severe liver damage (2002). Alkaloid from the roots of kava (Piper methysticum). FDA advises against use of kava in food due to potential risk of severe liver damage (2002). 1-(m-Methoxycinnamoyl)pyrrolidine is found in beverages.
2-O-Feruloyltartronic acid
2-O-Feruloyltartronic acid is found in pulses. 2-O-Feruloyltartronic acid is a constituent of Vigna radiata (mung bean). Constituent of Vigna radiata (mung bean). 2-O-Feruloyltartronic acid is found in pulses.
Vinyl caffeate
Vinyl caffeate is found in fats and oils. Vinyl caffeate is a constituent of Perilla frutescens var. crispa
Neogitogenin 3-[glucosyl-(1->2)-glucosyl-(1->4)-galactoside]
Neogitogenin 3-[glucosyl-(1->2)-glucosyl-(1->4)-galactoside] is found in onion-family vegetables. Neogitogenin 3-[glucosyl-(1->2)-glucosyl-(1->4)-galactoside] is a constituent of Allium chinense (rakkyo).
Isopulegone caffeate
Isopulegone caffeate is found in fats and oils. Isopulegone caffeate is a constituent of Perilla frutescens var. crispa
Cyclokievitone hydrate
Cyclokievitone hydrate is found in gram bean. Cyclokievitone hydrate is isolated from Phaseolus mungo (black gram).
2-O-Caffeoyltartronic acid
2-O-Caffeoyltartronic acid is found in pulses. 2-O-Caffeoyltartronic acid is a constituent of Vigna radiata (mung bean). Constituent of Vigna radiata (mung bean). 2-O-Caffeoyltartronic acid is found in pulses.
1,28-Dicaffeoyloctacosanediol
1,28-Dicaffeoyloctacosanediol is found in cereals and cereal products. 1,28-Dicaffeoyloctacosanediol occurs in oats (Avena sativa). Occurs in oats (Avena sativa). 1,28-Dicaffeoyloctacosanediol is found in oat and cereals and cereal products.
4-Coumaroyl-2-hydroxyputrescine
4-Coumaroyl-2-hydroxyputrescine is found in cereals and cereal products. 4-Coumaroyl-2-hydroxyputrescine is an alkaloid from Triticum aestivum (wheat). Alkaloid from Triticum aestivum (wheat). 4-Coumaroyl-2-hydroxyputrescine is found in wheat and cereals and cereal products.
1,26-Hexacosanediol diferulate
1,26-Hexacosanediol diferulate is found in cereals and cereal products. 1,26-Hexacosanediol diferulate is isolated from oats (Avena sativa Isolated from oats (Avena sativa). 1,26-Hexacosanediol diferulate is found in oat and cereals and cereal products.
6'-Methoxypolygoacetophenoside
6-Methoxypolygoacetophenoside is a constituent of Crocus sativus (saffron) Constituent of Crocus sativus (saffron)
Calebin A
Calebin A is found in herbs and spices. Calebin A is a constituent of the rhizomes of Cucuma longa (turmeric). Constituent of the rhizomes of Cucuma longa (turmeric). Calebin A is found in turmeric and herbs and spices.
Hexadecyl ferulate
Hexadecyl ferulate is found in potato. Hexadecyl ferulate is isolated from Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato). Isolated from Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato). Hexadecyl ferulate is found in root vegetables and potato.
3-Demethylsimmondsin 2'-(Z)-ferulate
3-Demethylsimmondsin 2-(Z)-ferulate is found in coffee and coffee products. 3-Demethylsimmondsin 2-(Z)-ferulate is a constituent of jojoba meal Constituent of jojoba meal. 3-Demethylsimmondsin 2-(Z)-ferulate is found in coffee and coffee products, fats and oils, and nuts.
Melitric acid B
Melitric acid B is found in herbs and spices. Melitric acid B is a constituent of Melissa officinalis (lemon balm). Constituent of Melissa officinalis (lemon balm). Melitric acid B is found in tea and herbs and spices.
Ferulic acid 4-sulfate
Ferulic acid 4-O-sulfate (CAS: 86321-29-1) is a phenolic acid metabolite. It is also a coffee metabolite found in blood or urine. Ferulic acid 4-O-sulfate was found to be elevated in rat urine after whole rye consumption which makes this compound a potential urinary biomarker of whole grain intake (PMID: 26862900). A polyphenol metabolite detected in biological fluids [PhenolExplorer]
Simmondsin 2'-ferulate
C26H33NO12 (551.2002658000001)
Simmondsin 2-ferulate is found in coffee and coffee products. Simmondsin 2-ferulate is a constituent of the seeds of jojoba Constituent of the seeds of jojoba. Simmondsin 2-ferulate is found in coffee and coffee products, fats and oils, and nuts.
4-Demethylsimmondsin 2'-(E)-ferulate
4-Demethylsimmondsin 2-(E)-ferulate is found in coffee and coffee products. 4-Demethylsimmondsin 2-(E)-ferulate is a constituent of jojoba meal Constituent of jojoba meal. 4-Demethylsimmondsin 2-(E)-ferulate is found in coffee and coffee products, fats and oils, and nuts.
Salvianolic acid G
Salvianolic acid G is a polyphenol metabolite detected in biological fluids (PMID: 20428313). A polyphenol metabolite detected in biological fluids [PhenolExplorer]
Trans-2, 3, 4-Trimethoxycinnamate
Trimethoxycinnamic acid is an organic acid found in normal human urine. (PMID: 6992730, 6511847) Trimethoxycinnamate is a natural aromatic ester from Piper longum that inhibits expression of cell adhesion molecules on endothelial cells (TNF- -induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and E-Selectin and vascular adhesion molecules-1 (VCAM-1)), without being toxic to endothelial cells. (PMID: 16313198) [HMDB] Trimethoxycinnamic acid is an organic acid found in normal human urine. (PMID: 6992730, 6511847) Trimethoxycinnamate is a natural aromatic ester from Piper longum that inhibits expression of cell adhesion molecules on endothelial cells (TNF- -induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and E-Selectin and vascular adhesion molecules-1 (VCAM-1)), without being toxic to endothelial cells. (PMID: 16313198).
Cis-Caffeoyl tartaric acid
Caftaric acid is a non-flavanoid that impacts the color of white wine. Caftaric acid is formed when caffeic acid and tartaric acid undergo esterification. (Wikipedia
4-Caffeoyl-1,5-quinolactone
4-Caffeoyl-1,5-quinolactone is a polyphenol compound found in foods of plant origin (PMID: 20428313)
3-Feruloyl-1,5-quinolactone
3-Feruloyl-1,5-quinolactone is a polyphenol compound found in foods of plant origin (PMID: 20428313)
4-Feruloyl-1,5-quinolactone
4-Feruloyl-1,5-quinolactone is a polyphenol compound found in foods of plant origin (PMID: 20428313)
1,28-Octacosanediol diferulate
1,28-Octacosanediol diferulate is found in cereals and cereal products. 1,28-Octacosanediol diferulate is found in oats (Avena sativa). Found in oats (Avena sativa)
Isoferulic acid 3-sulfate
Isoferulic acid 3-sulfate is a polyphenol metabolite detected in biological fluids (PMID: 20428313).
Isopeonidin 3-arabinoside
C21H21O10 (433.11346660000004)
Isopeonidin 3-arabinoside is a polyphenol metabolite detected in biological fluids (PMID: 20428313).
Sinapic acid 4-O-sulfate
C11H12O8S (304.02528720000004)
Sinapic acid 4-O-sulfate is an endogenous phenolic acid metabolite. Sinapic acid 4-O-sulfate was found to be elevated in rat urine after whole rye consumption which makes this compound a potential urinary biomarker of whole grain intake (PMID: 26862900).
Urolithin A-8-O-glucuronide
Urolithin A-8-O-glucuronide is a conjugate of Urolithin A and glucuronide. A glucuronide, also known as glucuronoside, is any substance produced by linking glucuronic acid to another substance via a glycosidic bond. The glucuronides belong to the glycosides. Glucuronidation, the conversion of chemical compounds to glucuronides, is a method that animals use to assist in the excretion of toxic substances, drugs or other substances that cannot be used as an energy source. Glucuronic acid is attached via a glycosidic bond to the substance, and the resulting glucuronide, which has a much higher water solubility than the original substance, is eventually excreted by the kidneys. Enzymes that cleave the glycosidic bond of a glucuronide are called glucuronidases. (Wikipedia)
(2E)-3-[3-(sulfooxy)phenyl]prop-2-enoic acid
(2e)-3-[3-(sulfooxy)phenyl]prop-2-enoic acid is a predicted metabolite generated by BioTransformer¹ that is produced by the metabolism of (2e)-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid. It is generated by Sulfotransferase 1A3 (P0DMM9) and Sulfotransferase enzymes via a -3-O-sulfation-of-phenolic-compound reaction. This -3-O-sulfation-of-phenolic-compound occurs in humans.
(2R,3R)-2-[3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyloxy]-3-hydroxybutanedioic acid
2-Propenoic acid, 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-, phenyl ester
2-Propenoic acid, 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-, 2-phenylethyl ester
Coniferyl ferulate
Forsythiaside
2-Propenamide, 2-cyano-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-bis(1-methylethyl)phenyl)-
Verbascoside
Methyl ferulate
Methyl ferulate, also known as methyl ferulic acid, belongs to coumaric acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are aromatic compounds containing Aromatic compounds containing a cinnamic acid moiety (or a derivative thereof) hydroxylated at the C2 (ortho-), C3 (meta-), or C4 (para-) carbon atom of the benzene ring. Methyl ferulate is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Methyl ferulate can be found in garden onion, which makes methyl ferulate a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Ferulic acid methyl ester (Methyl ferulate) is a derivative of ferulic acid, isolated from Stemona tuberosa, with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties[1][2]. Ferulic acid methyl ester is a cell membrane and brain permeable compound, shows free radical scavenging ability, used in the research of neurodegenerative disorders[1]. Ferulic acid methyl ester inhibits COX-2 expression, blocks p-p38 and p-JNK in primary bone marrow derived-macrophages[2]. Ferulic acid methyl ester (Methyl ferulate) is a derivative of ferulic acid, isolated from Stemona tuberosa, with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties[1][2]. Ferulic acid methyl ester is a cell membrane and brain permeable compound, shows free radical scavenging ability, used in the research of neurodegenerative disorders[1]. Ferulic acid methyl ester inhibits COX-2 expression, blocks p-p38 and p-JNK in primary bone marrow derived-macrophages[2].
Saponins
Saponins, also known as aescin or opino, is a member of the class of compounds known as triterpene saponins. Triterpene saponins are glycosylated derivatives of triterpene sapogenins. The sapogenin moiety backbone is usually based on the oleanane, ursane, taraxastane, bauerane, lanostane, lupeol, lupane, dammarane, cycloartane, friedelane, hopane, 9b,19-cyclo-lanostane, cycloartane, or cycloartanol skeleton. Saponins is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Saponins can be found in a number of food items such as dandelion, soy bean, fenugreek, and carob, which makes saponins a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Saponins are a class of chemical compounds found in particular abundance in various plant species. More specifically, they are amphipathic glycosides grouped phenomenologically by the soap-like foaming they produce when shaken in aqueous solutions, and structurally by having one or more hydrophilic glycoside moieties combined with a lipophilic triterpene derivative . D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents Escin, a natural compound of triterpenoid saponins isolated from horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) seeds, can be used as a vasoprotective anti-inflammatory, anti-edematous and anti-nociceptive agent[1]. Escin, a natural compound of triterpenoid saponins isolated from horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) seeds, can be used as a vasoprotective anti-inflammatory, anti-edematous and anti-nociceptive agent[1].
1-O-Feruloyl-beta-D-glucose
1-o-feruloyl-beta-d-glucose belongs to coumaric acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are aromatic compounds containing Aromatic compounds containing a cinnamic acid moiety (or a derivative thereof) hydroxylated at the C2 (ortho-), C3 (meta-), or C4 (para-) carbon atom of the benzene ring. 1-o-feruloyl-beta-d-glucose is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 1-o-feruloyl-beta-d-glucose can be found in a number of food items such as chives, yellow bell pepper, white cabbage, and orange bell pepper, which makes 1-o-feruloyl-beta-d-glucose a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
Calceolarioside E
Calceolarioside e belongs to coumaric acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are aromatic compounds containing Aromatic compounds containing a cinnamic acid moiety (or a derivative thereof) hydroxylated at the C2 (ortho-), C3 (meta-), or C4 (para-) carbon atom of the benzene ring. Calceolarioside e is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Calceolarioside e can be found in bitter gourd, which makes calceolarioside e a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
Eicosyl ferulate
Eicosyl ferulate, also known as eicosyl ferulic acid, belongs to coumaric acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are aromatic compounds containing Aromatic compounds containing a cinnamic acid moiety (or a derivative thereof) hydroxylated at the C2 (ortho-), C3 (meta-), or C4 (para-) carbon atom of the benzene ring. Eicosyl ferulate is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Eicosyl ferulate can be found in potato, which makes eicosyl ferulate a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
Octacosyl ferulate
Octacosyl ferulate belongs to coumaric acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are aromatic compounds containing Aromatic compounds containing a cinnamic acid moiety (or a derivative thereof) hydroxylated at the C2 (ortho-), C3 (meta-), or C4 (para-) carbon atom of the benzene ring. Octacosyl ferulate is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Octacosyl ferulate can be found in potato, which makes octacosyl ferulate a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
Octadecyl ferulate
Octadecyl ferulate belongs to coumaric acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are aromatic compounds containing Aromatic compounds containing a cinnamic acid moiety (or a derivative thereof) hydroxylated at the C2 (ortho-), C3 (meta-), or C4 (para-) carbon atom of the benzene ring. Octadecyl ferulate is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Octadecyl ferulate can be found in potato, which makes octadecyl ferulate a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
1,3-Diferuloylglycerol
1,3-diferuloylglycerol belongs to coumaric acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are aromatic compounds containing Aromatic compounds containing a cinnamic acid moiety (or a derivative thereof) hydroxylated at the C2 (ortho-), C3 (meta-), or C4 (para-) carbon atom of the benzene ring. 1,3-diferuloylglycerol is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 1,3-diferuloylglycerol can be found in common wheat, which makes 1,3-diferuloylglycerol a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
cis-Caftaric acid
Cis-caftaric acid, also known as (2s,3r)-cis-caffeoyl tartaric acid or cis-caftarate, belongs to coumaric acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are aromatic compounds containing Aromatic compounds containing a cinnamic acid moiety (or a derivative thereof) hydroxylated at the C2 (ortho-), C3 (meta-), or C4 (para-) carbon atom of the benzene ring. Cis-caftaric acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). Cis-caftaric acid can be found in common grape, which makes cis-caftaric acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
Tetracosyl ferulate
Tetracosyl ferulate belongs to coumaric acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are aromatic compounds containing Aromatic compounds containing a cinnamic acid moiety (or a derivative thereof) hydroxylated at the C2 (ortho-), C3 (meta-), or C4 (para-) carbon atom of the benzene ring. Tetracosyl ferulate is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Tetracosyl ferulate can be found in potato, which makes tetracosyl ferulate a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
Feruloyltartaric acid
Feruloyltartaric acid, also known as trans-fertaric acid or feruloyltartarate, belongs to coumaric acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are aromatic compounds containing Aromatic compounds containing a cinnamic acid moiety (or a derivative thereof) hydroxylated at the C2 (ortho-), C3 (meta-), or C4 (para-) carbon atom of the benzene ring. Feruloyltartaric acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). Feruloyltartaric acid can be found in common grape, grape wine, sherry, and vinegar, which makes feruloyltartaric acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
16-feruloyloxypalmitate
16-feruloyloxypalmitate is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 16-feruloyloxypalmitate can be found in a number of food items such as mixed nuts, kiwi, soft-necked garlic, and sunflower, which makes 16-feruloyloxypalmitate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
caffeoyl-4'-hydroxyphenyllactate
Caffeoyl-4-hydroxyphenyllactate is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Caffeoyl-4-hydroxyphenyllactate can be found in a number of food items such as purple mangosteen, spirulina, lemon grass, and soy bean, which makes caffeoyl-4-hydroxyphenyllactate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
caffeoylshikimate
Caffeoylshikimate is also known as caffeoylshikimic acid. Caffeoylshikimate is slightly soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Caffeoylshikimate can be found in a number of food items such as swamp cabbage, green zucchini, hazelnut, and wax gourd, which makes caffeoylshikimate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
p-coumaroyltyramine
P-coumaroyltyramine belongs to coumaric acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are aromatic compounds containing Aromatic compounds containing a cinnamic acid moiety (or a derivative thereof) hydroxylated at the C2 (ortho-), C3 (meta-), or C4 (para-) carbon atom of the benzene ring. P-coumaroyltyramine is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). P-coumaroyltyramine can be found in a number of food items such as small-leaf linden, mamey sapote, pepper (c. frutescens), and beech nut, which makes P-coumaroyltyramine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
sinapoyl-(S)-malate
Sinapoyl-(s)-malate belongs to coumaric acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are aromatic compounds containing Aromatic compounds containing a cinnamic acid moiety (or a derivative thereof) hydroxylated at the C2 (ortho-), C3 (meta-), or C4 (para-) carbon atom of the benzene ring. Sinapoyl-(s)-malate is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Sinapoyl-(s)-malate can be found in a number of food items such as pot marjoram, common bean, boysenberry, and tinda, which makes sinapoyl-(s)-malate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
tricoumaroyl spermidine
C34H37N3O6 (583.2682222000001)
Tricoumaroyl spermidine belongs to coumaric acids and derivatives class of compounds. Those are aromatic compounds containing Aromatic compounds containing a cinnamic acid moiety (or a derivative thereof) hydroxylated at the C2 (ortho-), C3 (meta-), or C4 (para-) carbon atom of the benzene ring. Tricoumaroyl spermidine is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Tricoumaroyl spermidine can be found in a number of food items such as winter squash, red rice, common pea, and eggplant, which makes tricoumaroyl spermidine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.