Classification Term: 168281
Diacylglycerophosphates [GP1001] (ontology term: 38160162459ebd5ed23a0ca6f08e9180)
Diacylglycerophosphates [GP1001]
found 136 associated metabolites at sub_class metabolite taxonomy ontology rank level.
Ancestor: Glycerophosphates [GP10]
Child Taxonomies: There is no child term of current ontology term.
PA(16:0/18:1(9Z))
PA(16:0/18:1(9Z)) is a phosphatidic acid. It is a glycerophospholipid in which a phosphate moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site. As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidic acids can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths and saturation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. Fatty acids containing 16, 18 and 20 carbons are the most common. PA(16:0/18:1(9Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of palmitic acid at the C-1 position and one chain of oleic acid at the C-2 position. The palmitic acid moiety is derived from fish oils, milk fats, vegetable oils and animal fats, while the oleic acid moiety is derived from vegetable oils, especially olive and canola oil. Phosphatidic acids are quite rare but are extremely important as intermediates in the biosynthesis of triacylglycerols and phospholipids. Indeed, the concentration of phosphatidic acids is often over-estimated in tissues and biofluids as it can arise by inadvertent enzymatic hydrolysis during inappropriate storage or extraction conditions during analysis. The main biosynthetic route of phosphatidic acid in animal tissues involves sequential acylation of alpha-glycerophosphate by acyl-coA derivatives of fatty acids. PAs are biologically active lipids that can stimulate a large range of responses in many different cell types, such as platelet aggregation, smooth muscle contraction, in vivo vasoactive effects, chemotaxis, expression of adhesion molecules, increased tight junction permeability of endothelial cells, induction of stress fibres, modulation of cardiac contractility, and many others. Diacylglycerols (DAGs) can be converted to PAs by DAG kinases and indirect evidence supports the notion that PAs alter the excitability of neurons. Phospholipase Ds (PLDs), which catalyze the conversion of glycerolphospholipids, particularly phosphatidylcholine, to PAs and the conversion of N-arachidonoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE) to anandamide and PAs are activated by several inflammatory mediators including bradykinin, ATP and glutamate. PAs activate downstream signaling pathways such as PKCs and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), which are linked to an increase in sensitivity of sensory neurons either during inflammation or in chronic pain models. Circumstantial evidence that PAs are converted to DAGs. (PMID: 12618218, 16185776). [HMDB] PA(16:0/18:1(9Z)) is a phosphatidic acid. It is a glycerophospholipid in which a phosphate moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site. As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidic acids can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths and saturation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. Fatty acids containing 16, 18 and 20 carbons are the most common. PA(16:0/18:1(9Z)), in particular, consists of one chain of palmitic acid at the C-1 position and one chain of oleic acid at the C-2 position. The palmitic acid moiety is derived from fish oils, milk fats, vegetable oils and animal fats, while the oleic acid moiety is derived from vegetable oils, especially olive and canola oil. Phosphatidic acids are quite rare but are extremely important as intermediates in the biosynthesis of triacylglycerols and phospholipids. Indeed, the concentration of phosphatidic acids is often over-estimated in tissues and biofluids as it can arise by inadvertent enzymatic hydrolysis during inappropriate storage or extraction conditions during analysis. The main biosynthetic route of phosphatidic acid in animal tissues involves sequential acylation of alpha-glycerophosphate by acyl-CoA derivatives of fatty acids. PAs are biologically active lipids that can stimulate a large range of responses in many different cell types, such as platelet aggregation, smooth muscle contraction, in vivo vasoactive effects, chemotaxis, expression of adhesion molecules, increased tight junction permeability of endothelial cells, induction of stress fibres, modulation of cardiac contractility, and many others. Diacylglycerols (DAGs) can be converted to PAs by DAG kinases and indirect evidence supports the notion that PAs alter the excitability of neurons. Phospholipase Ds (PLDs), which catalyze the conversion of glycerolphospholipids, particularly phosphatidylcholine, to PAs and the conversion of N-arachidonoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE) to anandamide and PAs are activated by several inflammatory mediators including bradykinin, ATP and glutamate. PAs activate downstream signaling pathways such as PKCs and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), which are linked to an increase in sensitivity of sensory neurons either during inflammation or in chronic pain models. Circumstantial evidence that PAs are converted to DAGs. (PMID: 12618218, 16185776).
Dimyristoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
Dimyristoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate (DMPG) is a type of phospholipid that plays a crucial role in biological systems, particularly in the structure and function of cell membranes. Here's a detailed description of its biological functions: 1. **Cell Membrane Formation**: DMPG, like other phospholipids, is a key component of cell membranes. It has a hydrophilic (water-attracting) head composed of a glycerol molecule linked to a phosphate group and two hydrophobic (water-repelling) tails made up of myristic acid chains. This amphipathic nature allows DMPG to form lipid bilayers in aqueous environments, which is the basic structure of cell membranes. 2. **Membrane Fluidity**: The presence of myristic acid chains in DMPG contributes to the fluidity of cell membranes. The length and saturation of the fatty acid tails influence how tightly packed the phospholipids are in the membrane. Myristic acid, being a saturated fatty acid, tends to pack more closely, which can decrease membrane fluidity. This is important for maintaining the integrity and functionality of the membrane. 3. **Signal Transduction**: Phospholipids, including DMPG, are involved in signal transduction pathways within cells. Changes in the concentration or distribution of phospholipids can affect the activity of membrane-bound proteins, such as enzymes and receptors, which are critical for cellular signaling. 4. **Biosynthesis of Other Lipids**: DMPG serves as a precursor for the synthesis of other important lipids in the cell. For example, it can be converted into other types of phospholipids or used in the synthesis of complex lipids like sphingolipids. 5. **Role in Vesicular Transport**: In cells, DMPG is involved in the formation of transport vesicles that carry molecules within the cell and to the cell membrane. This process is essential for intracellular trafficking and secretion. 6. **Potential Involvement in Disease**: Altered levels or metabolism of phospholipids, including DMPG, have been associated with various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Understanding the role of DMPG in these conditions can provide insights into disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.
