Classification Term: 1468
Estrogens and derivatives (ontology term: CHEMONTID:0003570)
Steroids with a structure containing a 3-hydroxylated estrane." []
found 88 associated metabolites at category metabolite taxonomy ontology rank level.
Ancestor: Estrane steroids
Child Taxonomies: There is no child term of current ontology term.
2-Methoxyestradiol
2-Methoxyestradiol (2ME2) is a drug that prevents the formation of new blood vessels that tumors need in order to grow (angiogenesis). It is derived from estrogen, although it binds poorly to known estrogen receptors, and belongs to the family of drugs called angiogenesis inhibitors. It has undergone Phase 1 clinical trials against breast cancers. Preclinical models also suggest that 2ME2 could also be effective against inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. The CAS name for 2ME2 is (17 beta)-2-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17-diol. It also acts as a vasodilator. [HMDB] 2-Methoxyestradiol (2ME2) is a drug that prevents the formation of new blood vessels that tumours need in order to grow (angiogenesis). It is derived from estrogen, although it binds poorly to known estrogen receptors, and belongs to the family of drugs called angiogenesis inhibitors. It has undergone phase 1 clinical trials against breast cancers. Preclinical models also suggest that 2ME2 could also be effective against inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. 2ME2 also acts as a vasodilator. C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C163758 - Targeted Therapy Agent > C1821 - Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C129818 - Antineoplastic Hormonal/Endocrine Agent > C481 - Antiestrogen C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C483 - Therapeutic Estrogen D050258 - Mitosis Modulators > D050256 - Antimitotic Agents > D050257 - Tubulin Modulators D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D050256 - Antimitotic Agents C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C547 - Hormone Antagonist C1892 - Chemopreventive Agent 2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME2), an orally active endogenous metabolite of 17β-estradiol (E2), is an apoptosis inducer and an angiogenesis inhibitor with potent antineoplastic activity. 2-Methoxyestradiol also destablize microtubules. 2-Methoxyestradio, also a potent superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibitor and a ROS-generating agent, induces autophagy in the transformed cell line HEK293 and the cancer cell lines U87 and HeLa[1][2][3][4][5][6].
2-Methoxyestrone
2-Methoxyestrone (or 2-ME1) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as estrogens and derivatives. These are steroids with a structure containing a 3-hydroxylated estrane. Thus, 2-methoxyestrone is considered to be a steroid or steroid derivative. It is a by-product of estrone and 2-hydroxyestrone metabolism and has been detected in all mammals. More specifically, 2-methoxyestrone is an endogenous, naturally occurring methoxylated catechol estrogen and a metabolite of estrone that is formed by catechol O-methyltransferase via the intermediate 2-hydroxyestrone. 2-Methoxyestrone is part of the androgen and estrogen metabolic pathway. The acid ionization constant (pKa) of 2-methoxyestrone has been determined to be 10.81 (PMID: 516114). 2-Methoxyestrone can be metabolized to a sulfated derivative (2-methoxyestrone 3-sulfate) via steroid sulfotransferase (EC 2.8.2.15). It can also be glucuronidated to 2-methoxyestrone 3-glucuronide by UDP glucuronosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.17). Unlike estrone but similarly to 2-hydroxyestrone and 2-methoxyestradiol, 2-methoxyestrone has very low affinity for the estrogen receptor and lacks significant estrogenic activity (PMID: 10865186). 2-methoxyestrone is a steroid derivative that is a byproduct of estrone and 2-hydroxyestrone metabolism. It is part of the androgen and estrogen metabolic pathway. The acid ionization constant (pKa) of 2-methoxyestrone is 10.81 (PMID: 516114). 2-Methoxyestrone can be metabolized to a sulfated derivative (2-Methoxyestrone 3-sulfate) via steroid sulfotransferase (EC 2.8.2.15). It can also be glucuronidated to 2-Methoxyestrone 3-glucuronide by UDP glucuronosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.17). [HMDB] C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C483 - Therapeutic Estrogen D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones 2-Methoxyestrone is a methoxylated catechol estrogen and metabolite of estrone, with a pKa of 10.81.
16a-Hydroxyestrone
16a-Hydroxyestrone or 16alpha-hydroxyestrone (16α-OH-E1 or 16a OHE1), or hydroxyestrone, is an endogenous steroidal estrogen and a major metabolite of estrone and estradiol. 16a-hydroxyestrone belongs to the class of organic compounds known as estrogens and derivatives. These are steroids with a structure containing a 3-hydroxylated estrane. Thus, 16a-hydroxyestrone is considered to be a steroid molecule. 16a-hydroxyestrone is found in all vertebrates. Vertebrates, especially mammals, metabolizes estrogen into two major pathways and one minor. The two major pathways lead to 2-hydroxyestrone and 16a-hydroxyestrone (2-OHE1 and 16a OHE1 respectively). The minor pathway leads to 4-hydroxyestrone (4-OHE1). 2a-hydroxyestrone is considered to be the good metabolite (PMID: 8943806) as 2-hydroxyestrone does not stimulate cell growth and it blocks the action of stronger estrogens that may be carcinogenic. 16a-Hydroxyestrone, on the other hand, has a significantly stronger estrogenic activity, and studies show that it may increase the risk of breast cancer. The binding of 16a-hydroxyestrone to the estrogen receptor is reported to be covalent and irreversible (PMID: 3186693). A low urinary ratio of 2-hydroxyestrone to 16-alpha-hydroxyestrone is a strong predictor of breast cancer risk among women (PMID: 19502596). Estrone (also oestrone) is an estrogenic hormone secreted by the ovary. Its molecular formula is C18H22O2. estrone has a melting point of 254.5 degrees Celsius. estrone is one of the three estrogens, which also include estriol and estradiol. estrone is the least prevalent of the three hormones, estradiol being prevalent almost always in a female body, estriol being prevalent primarily during pregnancy. estrone sulfate is relevant to health and disease due to its conversion to estrone sulfate, a long-lived derivative of estrone. estrone sulfate acts as a pool of estrone which can be converted as needed to the more active estradiol. [HMDB] C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C483 - Therapeutic Estrogen D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
Nandrolone
Nandrolone is a C18 steroid with androgenic and anabolic properties. It is generally prepared from alkyl ethers of estradiol to resemble testosterone, but it has one less carbon atom at the 19 position (Pubchem). Nandrolone is an anabolic steroid occurring naturally in the human body, albeit in small quantities. Nandrolone is most commonly sold commercially as its decanoate ester (Deca-Durabolin) and less commonly as a phenylpropionate ester (Durabolin). Nandrolone use is indirectly detectable in urine tests by testing for the presence of 19-norandrosterone, a metabolism product of this molecule. The International Olympic Committee has set a limit of 2 ng per ml of urine as the upper limit, beyond which an athlete is suspected of doping (Wikipedia). Nandrolone is a C18 steroid with androgenic and anabolic properties. It is generally prepared from alkyl ethers of estradiol to resemble testosterone but less one carbon at the 19 position. -- Pubchem; Nandrolone is an anabolic steroid occurring naturally in the human body, albeit in small quantities. Nandrolone is most commonly sold commercially as its decanoate ester (Deca-Durabolin) and less commonly as a phenylpropionate ester (Durabolin). Nandrolone use is indirectly detectable in urine tests by testing for the presence of 19-norandrosterone, a metabolism product of this molecule. The International Olympic Committee has set a limit of 2 ng per ml of urine as the upper limit, beyond which an athlete is suspected of doping. -- Wikipedia [HMDB] A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A14 - Anabolic agents for systemic use > A14A - Anabolic steroids > A14AB - Estren derivatives D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D045930 - Anabolic Agents D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D000728 - Androgens C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C2360 - Anabolic Steroid S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals
Thyrotropin releasing hormone
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), also called thyrotropin-releasing factor (TRF), thyroliberin or protirelin, is a tripeptide hormone that stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone and prolactin by the anterior pituitary. In humans, it also acts as a prolactin-releasing factor. It is also a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. TRH is produced by the hypothalamus and travels across the median eminence to the pituitary via the hypophyseal portal system. In addition to the brain, TRH can also be detected in other areas of the body including the gastrointestinal system and pancreatic islets. Medical preparations of TRH are used in diagnostic tests of thyroid disorders and in acromegaly. [HMDB] This compound belongs to the family of N-acyl-alpha Amino Acids and Derivatives. These are compounds containing an alpha amino acid which bears an acyl group at his terminal nitrogen atom. C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C76367 - Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Analogue V - Various > V04 - Diagnostic agents > V04C - Other diagnostic agents > V04CJ - Tests for thyreoidea function D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones KEIO_ID G117; [MS2] KO008963 KEIO_ID G117 Protirelin is a highly conserved neuropeptide that exerts the hormonal control of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels as well as neuromodulatory functions.
Estrone
Estrone is a major mammalian estrogen. The conversion of the natural C19 steroids, testosterone and androstenedione into estrone is dependent on a complex key reaction catalyzed by the cytochrome P450 aromatase (EC 1.14.14.1, unspecific monooxygenase), which is expressed in many tissues of the adult human (e.g. ovary, fat tissue), but not in the liver. The ovaries after menopause continue to produce androstenedione and testosterone in significant amounts and these androgens are converted in fat, muscle, and skin into estrone. When women between the ages of 45 and 64 years have prophylactic oophorectomy (when hysterectomy is performed for benign disease to prevent the development of ovarian cancer), evidence suggests that oophorectomy increases the subsequent risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and osteoporosis. Whereas 14,000 women die of ovarian cancer every year nearly 490,000 women die of heart disease and 48,000 women die within 1 year after hip fracture. Therefore, the decision to perform prophylactic oophorectomy should be approached with great caution for the majority of women who are at low risk of developing ovarian cancer. Steroid sulfatase (EC 3.1.6.2, STS) hydrolyzes steroid sulfates, such as estrone sulfate to estrone which can be converted to steroids with potent estrogenic properties, that is, estradiol; STS activity is much higher in breast tumors and high levels of STS mRNA expression in tumors are associated with a poor prognosis. The biological roles of estrogens in tumorigenesis are certainly different between the endometrium and breast, although both are considered "estrogen-dependent tissues". 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (EC 1.1.1.62, 17-HSDs) are enzymes involved in the formation of active sex steroids. estrone is interconverted by two enzymes 17-HSD types. Type 1 converts estrone to estradiol and Type 2 catalyzes the reverse reaction. (PMID: 17653961, 17513923, 17470679, 17464097). CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 859; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8887; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8882 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 859; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8944; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8942 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 859; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8923; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8921 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 859; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8903; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8901 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 859; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4817; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4815 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 859; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4834; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4832 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 859; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4774; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4772 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 859; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4796; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4794 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 859; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8953; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8951 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 859; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4804; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4803 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 859; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8970; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8969 A trace constituent of plant tissues, e.g. seeds of date (Phoenix dactylifera) and pomegranate (Punica granatum). Estrone is found in many foods, some of which are cauliflower, sweet rowanberry, carrot, and coconut. G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03C - Estrogens > G03CA - Natural and semisynthetic estrogens, plain G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03C - Estrogens > G03CC - Estrogens, combinations with other drugs D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D004967 - Estrogens C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C483 - Therapeutic Estrogen CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2391 COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Estrone (E1) is a natural estrogenic hormone. Estrone is the main representative of the endogenous estrogens and is produced by several tissues, especially adipose tissue. Estrone is the result of the process of aromatization of androstenedione that occurs in fat cells[1][2]. Estrone (E1) is a natural estrogenic hormone. Estrone is the main representative of the endogenous estrogens and is produced by several tissues, especially adipose tissue. Estrone is the result of the process of aromatization of androstenedione that occurs in fat cells[1][2].
2-Hydroxyestradiol
2-Hydroxyestradiol (2-OHE2), also known as estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-2,3,17beta-triol, is an endogenous steroid, catechol estrogen. 2-Hydroxyestradiol belongs to the class of organic compounds known as estrogens and derivatives. These are steroids with a structure containing a 3-hydroxylated estrane. Thus, 2-hydroxyestradiol is considered to be a steroid molecule. It is a metabolite of estradiol, as well as a positional isomer of estriol. Transformation of estradiol to 2-hydroxyestradiol is a major metabolic pathway of estradiol in the liver. 2-Hydroxyestradiol is generated from estradiol via several cytochrome P450 enzymes. Specifically, CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 are the major enzymes catalyzing the 2-hydroxylation of estradiol. Conversion of estradiol into 2-hydroxyestradiol has been detected in the liver, uterus, breast, kidney, brain, and pituitary gland, as well as the placenta. 2-Hydroxyestradiol binds, with a low affinity, to estrogen receptors. 2-Hydroxyestradiol has approximately 7\\% and 11\\% of the affinity of estradiol at the estrogen receptors (ERs) ERalpha and ERbeta, respectively (PMID: 9048584). 2-Hydroxyestradiol is a catechol estrogen and in this regard bears some structural resemblance to the catecholamines dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and epinephrine (adrenaline) (PMID: 447670). In accordance, 2-hydroxyestradiol has been found to interact with catecholamine systems. The steroid is known to compete with catecholamines for binding to catechol O-methyltransferase and tyrosine hydroxylase and to competitively inhibit these enzymes (PMID: 447670). Inactivity of COMT blocks inactivation of catechol hormones and catecholamine neurotransmitters. 2-Hydroxyestradiol is also reported to inhibit angiongensis and tumor cell growth (PMID: 9472688). 2-Hydroxyestradiol is generated from estradiol by a Cytochrome P450. 2-Hydroxyestradiol binds, with a low affinity, to estrogen receptors. It inhbits catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) activity. Inactivity of COMT blocks inactivation of catechol hormones and catecholamine neutransmitters. 2-Hydroxyestradiol is also reported to inhibit angiongensis and tumor cell growth (PMID: 9472688). [HMDB] C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C483 - Therapeutic Estrogen D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
Levonorgestrel
A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of progesterone and about twice as potent as its racemic or (+-)-isomer (norgestrel). It is used for contraception, control of menstrual disorders, and treatment of endometriosis. It is usually supplied in a racemic mixture (Norgestrel, 6533-00-2). Only the levonorgestrel isomer is active. G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03A - Hormonal contraceptives for systemic use > G03AD - Emergency contraceptives G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03A - Hormonal contraceptives for systemic use > G03AC - Progestogens C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone D012102 - Reproductive Control Agents > D003270 - Contraceptive Agents
Estradiol
Estradiol is the most potent form of mammalian estrogenic steroids. Estradiol is produced in the ovaries. The ovary requires both luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) to produce sex steroids. LH stimulates the cells surrounding the follicle to produce progesterone and androgens. The androgens diffuse across the basement membrane to the granulosa cell layer, where, under the action of FSH, they are aromatized to estrogens, mainly estradiol. The ovary shows cyclical activity, unlike the testis that is maintained in a more or less constant state of activity. Hormone secretions vary according to the phase of the menstrual cycle. In the developing follicle LH receptors (LH-R) are only located on the thecal cells and FSH receptors (FSHR) on the granulosa cells. The dominant pre-ovulatory follicle develops LH-Rs on the granulosa cells prior to the LH surge. Thecal cells of the preovulatory follicle also develop the capacity to synthesize estradiol and this persists when the thecal cells become incorporated into the corpus luteum. After ovulation, the empty follicle is remodelled and plays an important role in the second half or luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. This phase is dominated by progesterone and, to a lesser extent, estradiol secretion by the corpus luteum. estradiol is also synthesized locally from cholesterol through testosterone in the hippocampus and acts rapidly to modulate neuronal synaptic plasticity. Localization of estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) in spines in addition to nuclei of principal neurons implies that synaptic ERalpha is responsible for rapid modulation of synaptic plasticity by endogenous estradiol. estradiol is a potent endogenous antioxidant which suppresses hepatic fibrosis in animal models, and attenuates induction of redox sensitive transcription factors, hepatocyte apoptosis and hepatic stellate cells activation by inhibiting a generation of reactive oxygen species in primary cultures. This suggests that the greater progression of hepatic fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in men and postmenopausal women may be due, at least in part, to lower production of estradiol and a reduced response to the action of estradiol. estradiol has been reported to induce the production of interferon (INF)-gamma in lymphocytes, and augments an antigen-specific primary antibody response in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. IFN-gamma is a potent cytokine with immunomodulatory and antiproliferative properties. Therefore, female subjects, particularly before menopause, may produce antibodies against hepatitis B virus e antigen and hepatitis B virus surface antigen at a higher frequency than males with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. The estradiol-Dihydrotestosterone model of prostate cancer (PC) proposes that the first step in the development of most PC and breast cancer (BC) occurs when aromatase converts testosterone to estradiol. (PMID: 17708600, 17678531, 17644764). G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03C - Estrogens > G03CA - Natural and semisynthetic estrogens, plain D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D004967 - Estrogens COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map, clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C483 - Therapeutic Estrogen Growth promoter for livestock. Permitted in the USA Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Estradiol (β-Estradiol) is a steroid hormone and the major female sex hormone. Estradiol can up-regulate the expression of neural markers of human endometrial stem cells (hEnSCs) and promote their neural differentiation. Estradiol can be used for the research of cancers, neurodegenerative diseases and neural tissue engineering[1][2]. Estradiol (β-Estradiol) is a steroid hormone and the major female sex hormone. Estradiol can up-regulate the expression of neural markers of human endometrial stem cells (hEnSCs) and promote their neural differentiation. Estradiol can be used for the research of cancers, neurodegenerative diseases and neural tissue engineering[1][2].
17a-Ethynylestradiol
Ethinyl estradiol. A semisynthetic alkylated estradiol with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in oral contraceptives. -- Pubchem; estradiol (17-beta estradiol) (also oestradiol) is a sex hormone. Labelled the "female" hormone but also present in males it represents the major estrogen in humans. Critical for sexual functioning, estradiol also supports bone growth. -- Wikipedia; One of the fascinating twists to mammalian sexual differentiation is that estradiol is one of the two active metabolites of testosterone in males (the other being dihydrotestosterone). estradiol cannot be transferred readily from the circulation into the brain. Since fetuses of both sexes are exposed to similarly high levels of maternal estradiol, it can play little role in prenatal sexual differentiation. However, testosterone enters the central nervous system more freely and significant amounts are aromatized to estradiol within the brain of most male mammals, including humans. There is now much evidence that the programming of adult male sexual behavior in "lower mammals," (such as mounting rather than lordosis behavior), is largely dependent on estradiol produced in the central nervous system during prenatal life and early infancy from testosterone. We do not yet know whether this process plays a minimal or significant part in human sexual behaviors. -- Wikipedia; A synthetic form of estradiol, called ethinyl estradiol is a major component of hormonal contraceptive devices. Combined oral contraceptives contain ethinyl estradiol and a progestin, which both contribute to the inhibition of GnRH, LH, and FSH. The inhibition of these hormones accounts for the ability of combined oral contraceptives or birth control pills to prevent ovulation and thus prevent pregnancy. Other types of hormonal birth control contain only progestins and no ethinyl estradiol. -- Wikipedia. A synthetic form of estradiol, called ethinyl estradiol is a major component of hormonal contraceptive devices. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol is found in many foods, some of which are common walnut, ginkgo nuts, allspice, and papaya. G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03C - Estrogens > G03CA - Natural and semisynthetic estrogens, plain L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L02 - Endocrine therapy > L02A - Hormones and related agents > L02AA - Estrogens D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D004967 - Estrogens C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C483 - Therapeutic Estrogen D012102 - Reproductive Control Agents > D003270 - Contraceptive Agents COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Ethinylestradiol (Ethynyl estradiol) is a biologically active estrogen. Ethinylestradiol is a click chemistry reagent, itcontains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups. Ethinylestradiol (Ethynyl estradiol) is a biologically active estrogen. Ethinylestradiol is a click chemistry reagent, itcontains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
Norethindrone
A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of progesterone but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for contraception. [PubChem] CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 429; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4789; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4788 INTERNAL_ID 429; CONFIDENCE standard compound; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9046; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9044 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 429; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9061; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9058 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 429; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9106; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9102 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 429; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9046; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9044 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 429; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9063; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9058 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 429; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4892; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4890 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 429; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4826; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4825 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 429; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4801; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4798 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 429; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4810; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4809 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 429; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9085; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9082 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 429; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4809; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4806 G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03A - Hormonal contraceptives for systemic use > G03AC - Progestogens G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03D - Progestogens > G03DC - Estren derivatives C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone D012102 - Reproductive Control Agents > D003270 - Contraceptive Agents CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2798 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 4150
Estriol
Estriol is a metabolite of estrone metabolized via 16alpha-hydroxyestrone through the enzyme 16alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.147) or to 2- or 4-hydroxyestrone (catechol estrogens) by the action of catecho-O-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.6). The latter metabolites can be formed in the brain and may compete with receptors for catecholamines. Metabolites are conjugated with sulfate or glucuronide before excretion by the kidney. During pregnancy, estriol constitutes 60-70\\\\% of the total estrogens, increasing to 300-500-fold in relation to non-pregnant women. The late term human fetus produces relatively large amounts of 16 alphahydroxy DHEA, which serves the mother as a precursor of estriol. It has been shown that 90\\\\% of the precursors for the formation of estriol are of fetal origin. If abnormal maternal serum screening results, specifically low levels of unconjugated estriol in the second trimester are detected, a diagnosis of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS),or RSH is suspected. SLOS is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations of the gene encoding 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (EC 1.3.1.21, DHCR7). (PMID: 16202579, 16112271, 16097001). G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03C - Estrogens > G03CA - Natural and semisynthetic estrogens, plain G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03C - Estrogens > G03CC - Estrogens, combinations with other drugs Estriol (also oestriol) is one of the three main estrogens produced by the human body. Estriol is found in common bean and pomegranate. C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C483 - Therapeutic Estrogen D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Estriol is a G protein-coupled estrogen receptor antagonist that can act on estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cells. Estriol is a G protein-coupled estrogen receptor antagonist that can act on estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cells.
2-Hydroxyestrone
2-Hydroxyestrone (2-OHE1), also known as estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-2,3-diol-17-one, is an endogenous, naturally occurring catechol estrogen and a major metabolite of estrone and estradiol. 2-Hydroxyestrone belongs to the class of organic compounds known as estrogens and derivatives. These are steroids with a structure containing a 3-hydroxylated estrane. Thus, 2-Hydroxyestrone is considered to be a steroid molecule. It is formed irreversibly from estrone in the liver and to a lesser extent in other tissues via 2-hydroxylation mediated by cytochrome P450 enzymes, mainly the CYP3A and CYP1A subfamilies. 2-OHE1 is the most abundant catechol estrogen in the body. 2-Hydroxyestrone is found in all vertebrates. Vertebrates, especially mammals, metabolizes estrogen into two major pathways and one minor. The two major pathways lead to 2-hydroxyestrone and 16a-hydroxyestrone (2-OHE1 and 16a OHE1, respectively). The minor pathway leads to 4-hydroxyestrone (4-OHE1). 2a-hydroxyestrone is considered to be the good steroid metabolite (PMID: 8943806) as 2-hydroxyestrone does not stimulate cell growth and it blocks the action of stronger estrogens that may be carcinogenic. 2-hydroxyestrone is not significantly uterotrophic, whereas other hydroxylated estrogen metabolites including 2-hydroxyestradiol, 16a-hydroxyestrone, estriol, 4-hydroxyestradiol, and 4-hydroxyestrone all are. A low urinary ratio of 2-hydroxyestrone to 16-alpha-hydroxyestrone is a strong predictor of breast cancer risk among women (PMID: 19502596). Estrone (also oestrone) is an estrogenic hormone secreted by the ovary. Its molecular formula is C18H22O2. estrone has a melting point of 254.5 degrees Celsius. estrone is one of the three estrogens, which also include estriol and estradiol. estrone is the least prevalent of the three hormones, estradiol being prevalent almost always in a female body, estriol being prevalent primarily during pregnancy. estrone sulfate is relevant to health and disease due to its conversion to estrone sulfate, a long-lived derivative of estrone. estrone sulfate acts as a pool of estrone which can be converted as needed to the more active estradiol. [HMDB] C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C483 - Therapeutic Estrogen D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones D020011 - Protective Agents > D016588 - Anticarcinogenic Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents
4-Hydroxyestradiol
4-Hydroxyestradiol is an oncogenic catechol estrogen produced by metabolism of Estrogen. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones A human metabolite taken as a putative food compound of mammalian origin [HMDB]
16-Ketoestradiol
16-Ketoestradiol is found in the estrogen patch. The estrogen patch is a delivery system for estradiol used as hormone replacement therapy to treat the symptoms of menopause, such as hot flashes and vaginal dryness, and to prevent osteoporosis. Originally marketed as Vivelle (Novartis), it was discontinued in 2003 and reintroduced in a smaller form as Vivelle-Dot. Although the estrogen is given transdermally rather than in the standard oral tablets, the estrogen patch carries similar risks and benefits as more conventional forms of estrogen-only hormone replacement therapy. [HMDB] 16-Ketoestradiol is found in the estrogen patch. The estrogen patch is a delivery system for estradiol used as hormone replacement therapy to treat the symptoms of menopause, such as hot flashes and vaginal dryness, and to prevent osteoporosis. Originally marketed as Vivelle (Novartis), it was discontinued in 2003 and reintroduced in a smaller form as Vivelle-Dot. Although the estrogen is given transdermally rather than in the standard oral tablets, the estrogen patch carries similar risks and benefits as more conventional forms of estrogen-only hormone replacement therapy. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
16-Oxoestrone
Estrone (also oestrone) is an estrogenic hormone secreted by the ovary. Its molecular formula is C18H22O2. estrone has a melting point of 254.5 degrees Celsius. estrone is one of the three estrogens, which also include estriol and estradiol. estrone is the least prevalent of the three hormones, estradiol being prevalent almost always in a female body, estriol being prevalent primarily during pregnancy. estrone sulfate is relevant to health and disease due to its conversion to estrone sulfate, a long-lived derivative of estrone. estrone sulfate acts as a pool of estrone which can be converted as needed to the more active estradiol. [HMDB] Estrone (also oestrone) is an estrogenic hormone secreted by the ovary. Its molecular formula is C18H22O2. estrone has a melting point of 254.5 degrees Celsius. estrone is one of the three estrogens, which also include estriol and estradiol. estrone is the least prevalent of the three hormones, estradiol being prevalent almost always in a female body, estriol being prevalent primarily during pregnancy. estrone sulfate is relevant to health and disease due to its conversion to estrone sulfate, a long-lived derivative of estrone. estrone sulfate acts as a pool of estrone which can be converted as needed to the more active estradiol.
17alpha-Estradiol
17alpha-Estradiol (also known as 17alpha-E2, 17-epiestradiol) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as estrogens and derivatives. These are steroids with a structure containing a 3-hydroxylated estrane. Thus, epiestriol is considered to be a steroid molecule. 17alpha-Estradiol is also classified as an estradiol. Specifically, estradiols are characterized by an estra-1,3,5(10)-triene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 17. 17alpha-Estradiol is considered as a 17alpha-hydroxy steroid and a 3-hydroxy steroid. 17alpha-Estradiol is a weak endogenous steroidal estrogen that is related to 17beta-estradiol. 17beta-estradiol is better known simply as estradiol or E2 (PMID: 16728493). Therefore, 17alpha-Estradiol is the C17 alpha epimer of 17beta-estradiol (PMID: 16728493). 17alpha-Estradiol is found in all vertebrates. It has approximately 100-fold lower estrogenic potency than 17beta-estradiol. 17alpha-estradiol is a non-feminizing estrogen with significantly reduced binding affinity for the classic estrogen receptors ERalpha and ERbeta. Although 17alpha-estradiol is far weaker than 17beta-estradiol as an agonist of the nuclear estrogen receptors, it has been found to bind to and activate the brain-expressed ER-X with a greater potency than that of 17beta-estradiol. 17alpha-Estradiol is a potent 5-alpha reductase inhibitor that has been shown to improve metabolic function, enhance insulin sensitivity, and reduce fat and inflammation in older lab animals without causing feminization (PMID: 26809497). It has also been shown that 17alpha-Estradiol also increases AMPK levels and reduced mTOR activity in visceral adipose tissue (PMID: 26809497). D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D065088 - Steroid Synthesis Inhibitors C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C2189 - Signal Transduction Inhibitor > C129824 - Antineoplastic Protein Inhibitor D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D065088 - Steroid Synthesis Inhibitors > D058891 - 5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C129818 - Antineoplastic Hormonal/Endocrine Agent > C481 - Antiestrogen C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C163758 - Targeted Therapy Agent > C1740 - Aromatase Inhibitor D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C129825 - Antineoplastic Enzyme Inhibitor C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C547 - Hormone Antagonist D003879 - Dermatologic Agents Alpha-Estradiol is a weak estrogen and a 5α-reductase inhibitor which is used as a topical medication in the treatment of androgenic alopecia.
16b-Hydroxyestrone
16b-Hydroxyestrone is an aromatized C18 steroid with a 3-hydroxyl group and a 17-ketone, a major mammalian estrogen. It is converted from androstenedione directly, or from testosterone via estradiol. In humans, it is produced primarily by the cyclic ovaries, placenta, and the adipose tissue of men and postmenopausal women. An aromatized C18 steroid with a 3-hydroxyl group and a 17-ketone, a major mammalian estrogen. It is converted from androstenedione directly, or from testosterone via estradiol. In humans, it is produced primarily by the cyclic ovaries, placenta, and the adipose tissue of men and postmenopausal women. [HMDB] C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C483 - Therapeutic Estrogen D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
Fulvestrant
Fulvestrant is a drug treatment of hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer in post-menopausal women with disease progression following anti-estrogen therapy. It is an estrogen receptor antagonist with no agonist effects, which works both by down-regulating and by degrading the estrogen receptor. L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L02 - Endocrine therapy > L02B - Hormone antagonists and related agents > L02BA - Anti-estrogens D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D004965 - Estrogen Antagonists C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C163758 - Targeted Therapy Agent > C2116 - Selective Estrogen Receptor Down Regulator C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C129818 - Antineoplastic Hormonal/Endocrine Agent > C481 - Antiestrogen D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C547 - Hormone Antagonist D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents
Tetrahydrogestrinone
The identification of tetrahydrogestrinone (THG), the first true "designer androgen," as a sports doping agent reflects both an alarmingly sophisticated illicit manufacturing facility and an underground network of androgen abusers in elite sports, as well as the still untapped potential for designer androgens in medicine. Never marketed, THG was apparently developed as a potent androgen that was undetectable by conventional International Olympic Committee-mandated urinary sports doping tests. As a potent androgen and progestin with unspecified contaminants, its distribution for use at high doses without any prior biological or toxicological evaluation poses significant health risks. Yet this diversion of science also highlights the prospect of designer androgens for use in human medicine. Designer androgens also offer the possibility of tissue-specific effects enhancing the beneficial effects of androgens while mitigating the undesirable ones. Further developments require better understanding of the post receptor tissue selectivity of androgens, comparable to the mechanism underlying that of partial estrogen agonists (SERMs). This experience highlights the ongoing need for vigilance to detect novel drug doping strategies in order to maintain fairness and safety in elite sports. This will require the deployment of generic catch-all tests, such as sensitive and specific in vitro androgen bioassays, coupled with the development of mass spectrometry-based tests for specific doping agents. Starting from gestrinone, chemists can synthesize THG in one reaction step. (PMID: 15934041, 15292520) [HMDB] The identification of tetrahydrogestrinone (THG), the first true "designer androgen," as a sports doping agent reflects both an alarmingly sophisticated illicit manufacturing facility and an underground network of androgen abusers in elite sports, as well as the still untapped potential for designer androgens in medicine. Never marketed, THG was apparently developed as a potent androgen that was undetectable by conventional International Olympic Committee-mandated urinary sports doping tests. As a potent androgen and progestin with unspecified contaminants, its distribution for use at high doses without any prior biological or toxicological evaluation poses significant health risks. Yet this diversion of science also highlights the prospect of designer androgens for use in human medicine. Designer androgens also offer the possibility of tissue-specific effects enhancing the beneficial effects of androgens while mitigating the undesirable ones. Further developments require better understanding of the post receptor tissue selectivity of androgens, comparable to the mechanism underlying that of partial estrogen agonists (SERMs). This experience highlights the ongoing need for vigilance to detect novel drug doping strategies in order to maintain fairness and safety in elite sports. This will require the deployment of generic catch-all tests, such as sensitive and specific in vitro androgen bioassays, coupled with the development of mass spectrometry-based tests for specific doping agents. Starting from gestrinone, chemists can synthesize THG in one reaction step. (PMID: 15934041, 15292520). D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D045930 - Anabolic Agents D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D000728 - Androgens
Gestodene
Gestodene is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug.Gestodene is a progestogen hormonal contraceptive. Products containing gestoden include Meliane, which contains 20 mcg of ethinylestradiol and 75 mcg of gestodene; and Gynera, which contains 30 mcg of ethinylestradiol and 75 mcg of gestodene. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D011372 - Progestins C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone D012102 - Reproductive Control Agents > D003270 - Contraceptive Agents
7alpha-hydroxyestradiol
7alpha-hydroxyestradiol, also known as Estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,7,17-triol or 7α-hydroxy-17β-estradiol, is classified as an estrogen or an Estrogen derivative. Estrogens are steroids with a structure containing a 3-hydroxylated estrane. 7alpha-hydroxyestradiol is considered to be practically insoluble (in water) and acidic
19-Norandrosterone
19-Norandrosterone, also known as (3alpha,5alpha)-3-hydroxyestran-17-one, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as estrogens and derivatives. These are steroids with a structure containing a 3-hydroxylated estrane. Thus, 19-norandrosterone is considered to be a steroid lipid molecule. 19-Norandrosterone is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. 19-Norandrosterone is one of the main urinary metabolites of the prohormone 19-norandrostenediol. Prohormones such as 19-norandrostenediol have been added to the list of prohibited substances of the World Anti-Doping Agency because they are metabolized into the common nandrolone metabolites norandrosterone and noretiocholanolone (PMID: 16714373). 19-Norandrosterone is one of the main urinary metabolites of the prohormone 19-norandrostenediol. Prohormones such as 19-norandrostenediol have been added to the list of prohibited substances of the World Anti-Doping Agency because they are metabolized to the common nandrolone metabolites norandrosterone and noretiocholanolone. (PMID: 16714373) [HMDB]
4-Hydroxyestrone
4-Hydroxyestrone is metabolite originating from 17beta-estradiol, and is reported as carcinogenic and have ability to initiate cancer. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones A human metabolite taken as a putative food compound of mammalian origin [HMDB] 4-Hydroxyestrone (4-OHE1), an estrone metabolite, has strong neuroprotective effect against oxidative neurotoxicity. 4-Hydroxyestrone increases cytoplasmic translocation of p53 resulting from SIRT1-mediated deacetylation of p53. 4-Hydroxyestrone has little estrogenic activity[1].
Gestrinone
Gestrinone was developed in the early 1970s and was tested clinically as a weekly oral contraceptive in European and North American countries. ]. Without significant advantages over other oral contraceptives and with its high price, gestrinone was no longer used after the Stage II clinical trial. However, from 1982 aroused widespread interest due to substantial therapeutic effects in treating endometriosis. Under different endocrine conditions, gestrinone possesses estrogenic, progestational, androgenic, antiestrogenic and antiprogesterone actions. Starting from gestrinone, chemists can synthesize tetrahydrogestrinone (THG) in one reaction step. THG is a real designer steroid; designer steroids (chemically modified steroids) pose a threat to the integrity of the sport community. These compounds have recently been detected in urine specimens from athletes, resulting in temporary or permanent suspension from amateur and/or professional competition. (PMID: 15934041, 17707720) [HMDB] Gestrinone was developed in the early 1970s and was tested clinically as a weekly oral contraceptive in European and North American countries. ]. Without significant advantages over other oral contraceptives and with its high price, gestrinone was no longer used after the Stage II clinical trial. However, from 1982 aroused widespread interest due to substantial therapeutic effects in treating endometriosis. Under different endocrine conditions, gestrinone possesses estrogenic, progestational, androgenic, antiestrogenic and antiprogesterone actions. Starting from gestrinone, chemists can synthesize tetrahydrogestrinone (THG) in one reaction step. THG is a real designer steroid; designer steroids (chemically modified steroids) pose a threat to the integrity of the sport community. These compounds have recently been detected in urine specimens from athletes, resulting in temporary or permanent suspension from amateur and/or professional competition. (PMID: 15934041, 17707720). G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03X - Other sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03XA - Antigonadotropins and similar agents D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D011372 - Progestins C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone D012102 - Reproductive Control Agents > D003270 - Contraceptive Agents
16b-Hydroxyestradiol
16b-Hydroxyestradiol, which is better known as epiestriol (or 16beta-epiestriol or 16beta-hydroxy-17beta-estriol), belongs to the class of organic compounds known as estrogens and derivatives. These are steroids with a structure containing a 3-hydroxylated estrane. Thus, epiestriol is considered to be a steroid molecule. Formally 16b-hydroxyestradiol is a 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 16. In other words, it has hydroxyl groups at the C3, 16-beta, and 17-beta positions. It is an oxidative metabolite of 17beta-estradiol (PMID: 12865317). Epiestriol is found in all vertebrates. Epiestriol is a minor and weak endogenous estrogen. It is the 16beta-epimer of estriol (which is 16alpha-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol). Epiestriol has been used clinically in the treatment of acne. In addition to its estrogenic actions, epiestriol has been found to possess significant anti-inflammatory properties without glycogenic activity or immunosuppressive effects (PMID: 9120824). A hydroxylated metabolite of estradiol or estrone that has a hydroxyl group at C3-beta, 16-alpha, and 17-beta position. Estriol is a major urinary estrogen. During pregnancy, large amount of estriol is produced by the placenta. Isomers with inversion of the hydroxyl group or groups are called epiestriol. [HMDB] C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C483 - Therapeutic Estrogen D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
17-Epiestriol
17-Epiestriol, also known as 17alpha-estriol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as estrogens and derivatives. These are steroids with a structure containing a 3-hydroxylated estrane. Thus, 17-epiestriol is considered to be a steroid lipid molecule. 17-Epiestriol is a hydroxylated metabolite of estradiol or estrone that has a hydroxyl group at the C3-beta, 16-alpha, and 17-beta positions. Estriol is a major urinary estrogen. During pregnancy, a large amount of estriol is produced by the placenta. Isomers with inversion of the hydroxyl group or groups are called epiestriol. A hydroxylated metabolite of estradiol or estrone that has a hydroxyl group at C3-beta, 16-alpha, and 17-beta position. Estriol is a major urinary estrogen. During pregnancy, large amount of estriol is produced by the placenta. Isomers with inversion of the hydroxyl group or groups are called epiestriol. [HMDB]
16,17-Epiestriol
16,17-Epiestriol is a hydroxylated metabolite of estradiol or estrone that has a hydroxyl group at C3-beta, 16-, and 17- position. Estriol is a major urinary estrogen. During pregnancy, large amount of estriol is produced by the placenta. Isomers with inversion of the hydroxyl group or groups are called epiestriol (16-beta, 17-alpha). A hydroxylated metabolite of estradiol or estrone that has a hydroxyl group at C3-beta, 16-, and 17- position. Estriol is a major urinary estrogen. During pregnancy, large amount of estriol is produced by the placenta. Isomers with inversion of the hydroxyl group or groups are called epiestriol (16-beta, 17-alpha). [HMDB]
6-Ketoestriol
6-Ketoestriol is a normal human metabolite that is in elevated concentration in the urine of patients with prolactinoma. (PMID 9812172) [HMDB] 6-Ketoestriol is a normal human metabolite that is in elevated concentration in the urine of patients with prolactinoma. (PMID 9812172).
19-Nor-5-androstenediol
19-Nor-5-androstenediol is an androgen steroid that has been found to be part of nutritional supplements that are commercialized as nandrolone-free. Some reports regarding nandrolone-positive cases have been related to intake of some of these supplements. Nandrolone is the most frequently abused substance in doping control because it does not convert to estrogens and does not have and androgenic side effects. For this reason, one the major metabolites of nandrolone, 19-norandrosterone (19-NA) have been used as determinants for doping of nandrolone. However, there are situations where the occurrence of nandrolone metabolites is a phenomenon not necessarily associated with doping: a) in human ovarian follicular fluid is a possible intermediate in the multistep enzymatic conversion of androgen to estrogen, b) during the course of pregnancy, 19-NA increases in urine, c) human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) also stimulates 19-NA excretion in urine, d) exercise has been shown to affect the urinary excretion of nandrolone metabolites such as 19-NA, e) 19-NA is a minor metabolite of oral contraceptives such as norethisterone. Furthermore, 19-NA is the main urinary metabolite of 19-Nor-5-androstenediol. Nevertheless, the prevalence of nandrolone abuse is evident; internationally, 212 cases were found in 1995 and 232 cases were found in 1996. From 1998 to 2001, nandrolone-positive findings reported by the IOC-accredited laboratories ranged from 0.17\\% to 0.65\\%. (PMID: 15902981) [HMDB] 19-Nor-5-androstenediol is an androgen steroid that has been found to be part of nutritional supplements that are commercialized as nandrolone-free. Some reports regarding nandrolone-positive cases have been related to intake of some of these supplements. Nandrolone is the most frequently abused substance in doping control because it does not convert to estrogens and does not have and androgenic side effects. For this reason, one the major metabolites of nandrolone, 19-norandrosterone (19-NA) have been used as determinants for doping of nandrolone. However, there are situations where the occurrence of nandrolone metabolites is a phenomenon not necessarily associated with doping: a) in human ovarian follicular fluid is a possible intermediate in the multistep enzymatic conversion of androgen to estrogen, b) during the course of pregnancy, 19-NA increases in urine, c) human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) also stimulates 19-NA excretion in urine, d) exercise has been shown to affect the urinary excretion of nandrolone metabolites such as 19-NA, e) 19-NA is a minor metabolite of oral contraceptives such as norethisterone. Furthermore, 19-NA is the main urinary metabolite of 19-Nor-5-androstenediol. Nevertheless, the prevalence of nandrolone abuse is evident; internationally, 212 cases were found in 1995 and 232 cases were found in 1996. From 1998 to 2001, nandrolone-positive findings reported by the IOC-accredited laboratories ranged from 0.17\\% to 0.65\\%. (PMID: 15902981).
19-Noretiocholanolone
19-noretiocholanolone (19-NE) is one of the two main indicators used to prove the illegal use of nandrolone by humans. Recent studies showed that 19-NE can be endogenously produced in some individuals. The mediated cases observed over the last years generated some questions about the appropriateness of the official International Olympic Committee cutoff level, which is 2 ng/mL of 19-NA in male urine samples. In 1997, in France, quite a few sportsmen had concentrations of nandrolone metabolites very close to the IOC cut off limit (2ng/ml). At that time, a debate took place about the capability of the human male body to produce by itself these metabolites without any intake of nandrolone or related compounds. The International Football Federation (FIFA) was very concerned with this problem, especially because the World Cup was about to start in France. Concentrations of 19- noretiocholanolone after a game are generally higher than those before games. Recent studies demonstrated the endogenous production of these compounds in man at concentrations very close to the threshold of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), i.e. 2 ng/ml. Because the possibility of reaching or exceeding this fateful limit is difficult to exclude, a complementary biochemical parameter is necessary for the differentiation of endogenous 19-NE production from residues resulting from nandrolone consumption. (PMID: 11888015, 11755174) [HMDB] 19-noretiocholanolone (19-NE) is one of the two main indicators used to prove the illegal use of nandrolone by humans. Recent studies showed that 19-NE can be endogenously produced in some individuals. The mediated cases observed over the last years generated some questions about the appropriateness of the official International Olympic Committee cutoff level, which is 2 ng/mL of 19-NA in male urine samples. In 1997, in France, quite a few sportsmen had concentrations of nandrolone metabolites very close to the IOC cut off limit (2ng/ml). At that time, a debate took place about the capability of the human male body to produce by itself these metabolites without any intake of nandrolone or related compounds. The International Football Federation (FIFA) was very concerned with this problem, especially because the World Cup was about to start in France. Concentrations of 19- noretiocholanolone after a game are generally higher than those before games. Recent studies demonstrated the endogenous production of these compounds in man at concentrations very close to the threshold of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), i.e. 2 ng/ml. Because the possibility of reaching or exceeding this fateful limit is difficult to exclude, a complementary biochemical parameter is necessary for the differentiation of endogenous 19-NE production from residues resulting from nandrolone consumption. (PMID: 11888015, 11755174).
4-Methoxy-17beta-estradiol
4-Methoxy-17beta-estradiol, also known as 4-methoxyestradiol or 4-ME2, is a member of the class of compounds known as estrogens and derivatives. These compounds are steroids with a structure containing a 3-hydroxylated estrane. 4-Methoxy-17beta-estradiol is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 4-Methoxy-17beta-estradiol can be synthesized from 17beta-estradiol. 4-Methoxy-17beta-estradiol can also be synthesized into 4-methoxy-17beta-estradiol 3-O-(beta-D-glucuronide). 2-Methoxyestradiol belongs to the family of drugs called angiogenesis inhibitors. It also acts as a vasodilator. [HMDB] D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
Estrone-2,3-quinone
Estrogen 2,3- and 3,4-quinones are reactive species toward nucleophiles and Michael acceptors. As such, they can bind to DNA and induce cellular damages.Tumors may arise in cells covalently damaged by the free radicals or by the quinones and stimulated to proliferate by hormone receptor-mediated. processes. This hypothesis is supported by the correlation between quinone formation, 8-hydroxylation of guanine bases of DNA and tumor incidence of 4- versus 2-hydroxylated estrogen metabolites. Moreover, estrone-3,4-quinone, but not. estrone-2,3-quinone, induced liver tumors in mice. Estrogen 2,3- and 3,4-quinones are reactive species toward nucleophiles and Michael acceptors. As such, they can bind to DNA and induce cellular damages.Tumors may arise in cells covalently damaged by the free radicals or by the quinones and stimulated to proliferate by hormone receptor-mediated
Etonogestrel
Etonogestrel is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a molecule used in hormonal contraceptives, most notably the subdermal implant Implanon. [Wikipedia]Etonogestrel binds to the progesterone and estrogen receptors. Target cells include the female reproductive tract, the mammary gland, the hypothalamus, and the pituitary. Once bound to the receptor, progestins like etonogestrel will slow the frequency of release of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus and blunt the pre-ovulatory LH (luteinizing hormone) surge. G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03A - Hormonal contraceptives for systemic use > G03AC - Progestogens C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone D012102 - Reproductive Control Agents > D003270 - Contraceptive Agents
17beta-Estradiol-2,3-quinone
This compound belongs to the family of Ketosteroids. These are steroid derivatives.
15beta-Hydroxydesogestrel
15beta-Hydroxydesogestrel is a metabolite of desogestrel. Desogestrel is a molecule used in hormonal contraceptives. Most combined oral contraceptive pills (COCPs, or simply OCs) on the market today contain both an estrogen compound (ethinyl estradiol is common) plus a progestin (a progesterone-like compound) such as desogestrel. Desogestrel-containing birth control pills are sometimes referred to as third generation oral contraceptives. In contrast, birth control pills that are considered second generation (Tri-Levlen, for example) contain an estrogen and a progestin, but the progestin is different, such as levonorgestrel. (Wikipedia)
3a-Hydroxydesogestrel
3a-Hydroxydesogestrel is a metabolite of desogestrel. Desogestrel is a molecule used in hormonal contraceptives. Most combined oral contraceptive pills (COCPs, or simply OCs) on the market today contain both an estrogen compound (ethinyl estradiol is common) plus a progestin (a progesterone-like compound) such as desogestrel. Desogestrel-containing birth control pills are sometimes referred to as third generation oral contraceptives. In contrast, birth control pills that are considered second generation (Tri-Levlen, for example) contain an estrogen and a progestin, but the progestin is different, such as levonorgestrel. (Wikipedia)
4-Carboxynevirapine
4-Carboxynevirapine is a metabolite of nevirapine. Nevirapine, also marketed under the trade name Viramune, is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) used to treat HIV-1 infection and AIDS. As with other antiretroviral drugs, HIV rapidly develops resistance if nevirapine is used alone, so recommended therapy consists of combinations of three or more antiretrovirals. (Wikipedia)
4-hydroxystradiol
4-hydroxystradiol is a metabolite of estradiol. Estradiol (E2 or 17β-estradiol, also oestradiol) is a sex hormone. Estradiol is abbreviated E2 as it has 2 hydroxyl groups in its molecular structure. Estrone has 1 (E1) and estriol has 3 (E3). Estradiol is about 10 times as potent as estrone and about 80 times as potent as estriol in its estrogenic effect. Except during the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, its serum levels are somewhat higher than that of estrone during the reproductive years of the human female. (Wikipedia)
norerythromycin
norerythromycin is a metabolite of erythromycin. Erythromycin is a macrolide antibiotic that has an antimicrobial spectrum similar to or slightly wider than that of penicillin, and is often used for people who have an allergy to penicillins. For respiratory tract infections, it has better coverage of atypical organisms, including Mycoplasma and legionellosis. It was first marketed by Eli Lilly and Company, and it is today commonly known as EES (erythromycin ethylsuccinate, an ester prodrug that is commonly administered). (Wikipedia)
2-hydroxyethinylestradiol
2-hydroxyethinylestradiol is a metabolite of ethinyl estradiol. Ethinyl estradiol (EE) /ˌɛθɨnɨlˌiːstrəˈdaɪ.əl/, also sometimes written as ethinylestradiol, ethynyl estradiol, or ethinyl œstradiol, is a derivative of 17β-estradiol (E2), the major endogenous estrogen in humans. EE is an orally bioactive estrogen used in many formulations of combined oral contraceptive pills. It is one of the most commonly used medications for this purpose. (Wikipedia)
17-alpha-ethinyl estradiol
17-alpha-ethinyl estradiol is a metabolite of mestranol. Mestranol is the 3-methyl ether of ethinylestradiol. It was the estrogen used in many of the first oral contraceptives. It is a biologically inactive prodrug of ethinylestradiol to which it is demethylated in the liver with a conversion efficiency of 70\\% (50 µg of mestranol is pharmacokinetically bioequivalent to 35 µg of ethinylestradiol). (Wikipedia)
17beta-hydroxy-5beta-estran-3-one
17beta-hydroxy-5beta-estran-3-one is also known as (5beta,17beta)-17-Hydroxyestran-3-one or 17b-Hydroxy-19-nor-5b-androstan-3-one. 17beta-hydroxy-5beta-estran-3-one is considered to be practically insoluble (in water) and basic
(+)-Norgestrel
D012102 - Reproductive Control Agents > D003270 - Contraceptive Agents
(17R)-17-Ethynyl-11-methoxy-13-methyl-7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-octahydro-6H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,17-diol
(17R)-17-Hydroxy-13-methyl-17-prop-2-enyl-1,2,6,7,8,14,15,16-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
11-Meo-fes
C19H25FO3 (320.17876320000005)
1,3,5(10)-Estratriene-3,17 beta-diol
17a-estradiol is found in the estrogen patch. The estrogen patch is a delivery system for estradiol used as hormone replacement therapy to treat the symptoms of menopause, such as hot flashes and vaginal dryness, and to prevent osteoporosis. Originally marketed as Vivelle (Novartis), it was discontinued in 2003 and reintroduced in a smaller form as Vivelle-Dot. Although the estrogen is given transdermally rather than in the standard oral tablets, the estrogen patch carries similar risks and benefits as more conventional forms of estrogen-only hormone replacement therapy. Alpha-Estradiol is a weak estrogen and a 5α-reductase inhibitor which is used as a topical medication in the treatment of androgenic alopecia.
1,3,5[10]-Estratriene-2,3-17 beta-triol
1,3,5[10]-Estratriene-3,4-diol-17-one
16alpha-Fluoroestradiol
C18H23FO2 (290.16819899999996)
Estra-1,3,5,7,9-pentaene-3,17beta-diol
17beta-Ethinylestradiol
17-Ethynyl-16-fluoroestradiol
C20H23FO2 (314.16819899999996)
17alpha-Methylestradiol
17alpha-Trenbolone
2-Methoxy-17alpha-estradiol
2-Methoxyestriol
4-Fluoroestradiol
C18H23FO2 (290.16819899999996)
4-Hydroxyequilenin
4-Methoxy-17alpha-estradiol
6-Ketoestradiol
7alpha-Methyl-17-ethinyl-19-nortestosterone
Dimethandrolone
Estetrol
Estetrol, a natural estrogen synthesized exclusively during pregnancy by the human fetal liver, is a selective nuclear estrogen receptor modulator. Estetrol exerts estrogenic actions on the endometrium or the central nervous system but presents antagonistic effects on the breast[1][2].
Ethynodiol
G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03D - Progestogens > G03DC - Estren derivatives
7A-Methyl-19-nortestosterone
HMG-CoA
N-n-Butyl-N-methyl-11-(3,17beta-dihydroxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-7alpha-yl)undecanamide
13-Methyl-7-[9-(4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentylsulfinyl)nonyl]-6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,17-diol
Matenon
D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones
Methyltrienolone
Ogyline
D012102 - Reproductive Control Agents > D003270 - Contraceptive Agents
Plomestane
[(8S,9S,13S,14S,17R)-3,17-Dihydroxy-13-methyl-6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl] benzoate
m-Maleimidobenzoyl n-hydroxysuccinimide
C32H38N2O10P2S (704.1722308000001)
Estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17-diol, 16-iodo-, (16alpha,17beta)-
C18H23IO2 (398.07427279999996)
(8R,9S,10R,13S,14S,17S)-17-Hydroxy-11,13-dimethyl-2,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
(8R,9S,13S,14S,17S)-17-Benzyl-13-methyl-7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-octahydro-6H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,17-diol
(8R,9S,13S,14S)-3-Hydroxy-13-methyl-1-octadec-9-enoyl-7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-octahydro-6H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one
Estetrol
C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C1636 - Therapeutic Steroid Hormone C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C483 - Therapeutic Estrogen D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Estetrol, a natural estrogen synthesized exclusively during pregnancy by the human fetal liver, is a selective nuclear estrogen receptor modulator. Estetrol exerts estrogenic actions on the endometrium or the central nervous system but presents antagonistic effects on the breast[1][2].