Exact Mass: 336.0845136
Exact Mass Matches: 336.0845136
Found 500 metabolites which its exact mass value is equals to given mass value 336.0845136,
within given mass tolerance error 0.05 dalton. Try search metabolite list with more accurate mass tolerance error
0.01 dalton.
Berberine
Berberine is an organic heteropentacyclic compound, an alkaloid antibiotic, a botanical anti-fungal agent and a berberine alkaloid. It has a role as an antilipemic drug, a hypoglycemic agent, an antioxidant, a potassium channel blocker, an antineoplastic agent, an EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor, an EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor, an EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor, an EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor, an EC 2.1.1.116 [3-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor, an EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor, an EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor, an EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor, an EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor, an EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor, an EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor, an EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor, an EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor, a geroprotector and a metabolite. An alkaloid from Hydrastis canadensis L., Berberidaceae. It is also found in many other plants. It is relatively toxic parenterally, but has been used orally for various parasitic and fungal infections and as antidiarrheal. Berberine is a quaternary ammonia compound found in many botanical products, including goldenseal, barberry and Oregon grape, which is used for its purported antioxidant and antimicrobial properties for a host of conditions, including obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, heart failure, H. pylori infection and colonic adenoma prevention. Berberine has not been linked to serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy nor to instances of clinically apparent liver injury. Berberine is a natural product found in Berberis poiretii, Thalictrum delavayi, and other organisms with data available. Berberine is a quaternary ammonium salt of an isoquinoline alkaloid and active component of various Chinese herbs, with potential antineoplastic, radiosensitizing, anti-inflammatory, anti-lipidemic and antidiabetic activities. Although the mechanisms of action through which berberine exerts its effects are not yet fully elucidated, upon administration this agent appears to suppress the activation of various proteins and/or modulate the expression of a variety of genes involved in tumorigenesis and inflammation, including, but not limited to transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB), myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xl), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), E-selectin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), C-X-C motif chemokine 2 (CXCL2), cyclin D1, activator protein (AP-1), hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT), and DNA topoisomerase I and II. The modulation of gene expression may induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and inhibit cancer cell proliferation. In addition, berberine modulates lipid and glucose metabolism. An alkaloid from Hydrastis canadensis L., Berberidaceae. It is also found in many other plants. It is relatively toxic parenterally, but has been used orally for various parasitic and fungal infections and as antidiarrheal. See also: Goldenseal (part of); Berberis aristata stem (part of). Berberine is a quaternary ammonium salt that belongs to the protoberberine group of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids. Chemically, berberine is classified as an isoquinoline alkaloid. More specifically, berberine is a plant alkaloid derived from tyrosine through a complex 8 step biosynthetic process. Berberine is found in plants such as Berberis vulgaris (barberry), Berberis aristata (tree turmeric), Mahonia aquifolium (Oregon grape) and Hydrastis canadensis (goldenseal). Two other known berberine-containing plants are Phellodendron chinense and Phellodendron amurense. Berberine is usually found in the roots, rhizomes, stems, and bark of Berberis plants. Due to berberines intense yellow color, plants that contain berberine were traditionally used to dye wool, leather, and wood. Under ultraviolet light, berberine shows a strong yellow fluorescence, making it useful in histology for staining heparin in mast cells. Berberine is a bioactive plant compound that has been frequently used in traditional medicine. Among the known physiological effects or bioactivities are: 1) Antimicrobial action against bacteria, fungi, protozoa, viruses, helminthes, and Chlamydia; 2) Antagonism against the effects of cholera and E coli heat-stable enterotoxin; 3) Inhibition of intestinal ion secretion and of smooth muscle contraction; 4) Reduction of inflammation and 5) Stimulation of bile secretion and bilirubin discharge (PMID:32335802). Berberine can inhibit bacterial growth in the gut, including Helicobacter pylori, protect the intestinal epithelial barrier from injury, and ameliorate liver injury. Currently, berberine is sold as an Over-the-Counter (OTC) drug for treating gastrointestinal infections in China (PMID:18442638). Berberine also inhibits the proliferation of various types of cancer cells and impedes invasion and metastasis (PMID:32335802). Recent evidence has also confirmed that berberine improves the efficacy and safety of both chemo and radiotherapies for cancer treatment (PMID:32335802). Berberine has also been shown to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism in vitro and in vivo (PMID:18442638). In fact, berberine is the main active component of an ancient Chinese herb Coptis chinensis French, which has been used to treat diabetes for thousands of years. As an anti-diabetic, berberine increases glucose uptake by muscle fibers independent of insulin levels. It triggers AMPK activation and increases glycolysis, leading to decreased insulin resistance and decreased oxygen respiration. The same mechanism leads to a reduction in gluconeogenesis in the liver. AMPK activation by berberine also leads to an antiatherosclerotic effect in mice. Berberines AMPK activation may also underlie berberines anti-obesity effects and favorable influence on weight loss (PMID:18442638). While its use as a medication is widely touted, it is important to remember that berberine inhibits CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 enzymes, both of which are involved in the metabolism of many endogenous substances and xenobiotics, including a number of prescription drugs. An alkaloid from Hydrastis canadensis L., Berberidaceae. It is also found in many other plants. It is relatively toxic parenterally, but has been used orally for various parasitic and fungal infections and as antidiarrheal. [HMDB] COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials [Raw Data] CBA98_Berberine_pos_50eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA98_Berberine_pos_10eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA98_Berberine_pos_20eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA98_Berberine_pos_40eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA98_Berberine_pos_30eV.txt Berberine. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=2086-83-1 (retrieved 2024-09-04) (CAS RN: 2086-83-1). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Dicumarol
Dicoumarol is a hydroxycoumarin that is methane in which two hydrogens have each been substituted by a 4-hydroxycoumarin-3-yl group. Related to warfarin, it has been used as an anticoagulant. It has a role as a vitamin K antagonist, an anticoagulant, an EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor and a Hsp90 inhibitor. Dicoumarol is an oral anticoagulant agent that works by interfering with the metabolism of vitamin K. In addition to its clinical use, it is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases. Dicumarol is a natural product found in Homo sapiens and Viola arvensis with data available. Dicumarol is a hydroxycoumarin originally isolated from molding sweet-clover hay, with anticoagulant and vitamin K depletion activities. Dicumarol is a competitive inhibitor of vitamin K epoxide reductase; thus, it inhibits vitamin K recycling and causes depletion of active vitamin K in blood. This prevents the formation of the active form of prothrombin and several other coagulant enzymes, and inhibits blood clotting. Dicumarol is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases. [PubChem] Dicumarol inhibits vitamin K reductase, resulting in depletion of the reduced form of vitamin K (vitamin KH2). As vitamin K is a cofactor for the carboxylation of glutamate residues on the N-terminal regions of vitamin K-dependent proteins, this limits the gamma-carboxylation and subsequent activation of the vitamin K-dependent coagulant proteins. The synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X and anticoagulant proteins C and S is inhibited. Depression of three of the four vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors (factors II, VII, and X) results in decresed prothrombin levels and a decrease in the amount of thrombin generated and bound to fibrin. This reduces the thrombogenicity of clots. An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases. Dicumarol is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases. [PubChem]Dicumarol inhibits vitamin K reductase, resulting in depletion of the reduced form of vitamin K (vitamin KH2). As vitamin K is a cofactor for the carboxylation of glutamate residues on the N-terminal regions of vitamin K-dependent proteins, this limits the gamma-carboxylation and subsequent activation of the vitamin K-dependent coagulant proteins. The synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X and anticoagulant proteins C and S is inhibited. Depression of three of the four vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors (factors II, VII, and X) results in decresed prothrombin levels and a decrease in the amount of thrombin generated and bound to fibrin. This reduces the thrombogenicity of clots. B - Blood and blood forming organs > B01 - Antithrombotic agents > B01A - Antithrombotic agents > B01AA - Vitamin k antagonists A hydroxycoumarin that is methane in which two hydrogens have each been substituted by a 4-hydroxycoumarin-3-yl group. D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D000925 - Anticoagulants > D015110 - 4-Hydroxycoumarins C78275 - Agent Affecting Blood or Body Fluid > C263 - Anticoagulant Agent D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D014475 - Uncoupling Agents Isolated from Melilotus alba (white melilot)
peonidin
Peonidin chloride is an anthocyanidin chloride that has peonidin as the cationic component. It has a role as a metabolite, an antineoplastic agent, an apoptosis inducer and an antioxidant. It contains a peonidin. An anthocyanidin chloride that has peonidin as the cationic component.
Firocoxib
C17H20O5S (336.10313900000006)
C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent > C2198 - Nonnarcotic Analgesic C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1323 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitor
Fenbuconazole
D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 707; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9428; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9423 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 707; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9470; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9465 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 707; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9518; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9516 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 707; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9492; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9491 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 707; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9544; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9543 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 707; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9531; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9529
Bisphenol AF
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 380; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4798; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4796 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 380; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4887; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4885 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 380; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4799; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4798 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 380; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4824; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4819 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 380; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4817; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4812 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 380; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4468; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4466 D052244 - Endocrine Disruptors
Psoralidin
Psoralidin is a member of the class of coumestans that is coumestan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 9 and a prenyl group at position 2 respectively. It has a role as a plant metabolite and an estrogen receptor agonist. It is a member of coumestans, a polyphenol and a delta-lactone. It is functionally related to a coumestan. Psoralidin is a natural product found in Dolichos trilobus, Phaseolus lunatus, and other organisms with data available. See also: Cullen corylifolium fruit (part of). A member of the class of coumestans that is coumestan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 9 and a prenyl group at position 2 respectively. D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006727 - Hormone Antagonists > D020847 - Estrogen Receptor Modulators Constituent of papadi (Dolichos biflorus) and the butter bean (Phaseolus lunatus). Psoralidin is found in pulses, lima bean, and fruits. Psoralidin is found in fruits. Psoralidin is a constituent of papadi (Dolichos biflorus) and the butter bean (Phaseolus lunatus). Psoralidin is a dual inhibitor of COX-2 and 5-LOX, regulates ionizing radiation (IR)-induced pulmonary inflammation.Anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties[1]. Psoralidin significantly downregulates NOTCH1 signaling. Psoralidin also greatly induces ROS generation[2]. Psoralidin is a dual inhibitor of COX-2 and 5-LOX, regulates ionizing radiation (IR)-induced pulmonary inflammation.Anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties[1]. Psoralidin significantly downregulates NOTCH1 signaling. Psoralidin also greatly induces ROS generation[2]. Psoralidin is a dual inhibitor of COX-2 and 5-LOX, regulates ionizing radiation (IR)-induced pulmonary inflammation.Anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties[1]. Psoralidin significantly downregulates NOTCH1 signaling. Psoralidin also greatly induces ROS generation[2].
Nicotinic acid mononucleotide
Nicotinic acid mononucleotide, also known as nicotinate ribonucleotide, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as nicotinic acid nucleotides. These are pyridine nucleotides in which the pyridine base is nicotinic acid or a derivative thereof. Nicotinic acid mononucleotide is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Nicotinic acid mononucleotide an intermediate in the cofactor biosynthesis and the nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism pathways. It is a substrate for nicotinamide riboside kinase, ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase, nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase, 5-nucleotidase, nicotinate-nucleotide pyrophosphorylase, and 5(3)-deoxyribonucleotidase. Nicotinic acid mononucleotide is an intermediate in the metabolism of Nicotinate and nicotinamide. It is a substrate for Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2, Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1, Nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 3, Cytosolic 5-nucleotidase IA, Cytosolic 5-nucleotidase IB, Nicotinate-nucleotide pyrophosphorylase, 5(3)-deoxyribonucleotidase (cytosolic type), Cytosolic purine 5-nucleotidase, Nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 2, Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 3, 5-nucleotidase, 5(3)-deoxyribonucleotidase (mitochondrial) and Nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 1. [HMDB] NaMN is the most common mononucleotide intermediate (a hub) in NAD biogenesis. For example, in E. coli all three pyridine precursors are converted into NaMN (Table 1 and Figure 3(a)). Qa produced by the de novo Asp–DHAP pathway (genes nadB and nadA) is converted into NaMN by QAPRT (gene nadC). Salvage of both forms of niacin proceeds via NAPRT (gene pncB) either directly upon or after deamidation by NMDSE (gene pncA). Overall, more than 90\% of approximately 680 analyzed bacterial genomes contain at least one of the pathways leading to the formation of NaMN. Most of them (∼480 genomes) have the entire set of nadBAC genes for NaMN de novo synthesis from Asp that are often clustered on the chromosome and/or are co-regulated by the same transcription factors (see Section 7.08.3.1.2). Among the examples provided in Table 1, F. tularensis (Figure 4(c)) has all three genes of this de novo pathway forming a single operon-like cluster and supporting the growth of this organism in the absence of any pyridine precursors in the medium. More than half the genomes with the Asp–DHAP pathway also contain a deamidating niacin salvage pathway (genes pncAB) as do many representatives of the α-, β-, and γ-Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacillus/Clostridium group. As already emphasized, the genomic reconstruction approach provides an assessment of the metabolic potential of an organism, which may or may not be realized under given conditions. For example, E. coli and B. subtilis can utilize both de novo and PncAB Nm salvage pathways under the same growth conditions, whereas in M. tuberculosis (having the same gene pattern) the latter pathway was considered nonfunctional, so that the entire NAD pool is generated by the de novo NadABC route. However, a recent study demonstrated the functional activity of the Nm salvage pathway in vivo, under hypoxic conditions in infected macrophages.221 This study also implicated the two downstream enzymes of NAD synthesis (NAMNAT and NADSYN) as attractive chemotherapeutic targets to treat acute and latent forms of tuberculosis. In approximately 100 species, including many Cyanobacteria (e.g., Synechococcus spp.), Bacteroidetes (e.g., Chlorobium spp.) and Proteobacteria (e.g., Caulobacter crescentus, Zymomonas mobilis, Desulfovibrio spp., and Shewanella spp. representing α-, β-, δ-, and γ-groups, respectively) the Asp–DHAP pathway is the only route to NAD biogenesis. Among them, nearly all Helicobacter spp. (except H. hepaticus), contain only the two genes nadA and nadC but lack the first gene of the pathway (nadB), which is a likely subject of nonorthologous gene replacement. One case of NadB (ASPOX) replacement by the ASPDH enzyme in T. maritima (and methanogenic archaea) was discussed in Section 7.08.2.1. However, no orthologues of the established ASPDH could be identified in Helicobacter spp. as well as in approximately 15 other diverse bacterial species that have the nadAC but lack the nadB gene (e.g., all analyzed Corynebacterium spp. except for C. diphtheriae). Therefore, the identity of the ASPOX or ASPDH enzyme in these species is still unknown, representing one of the few remaining cases of ‘locally missing genes’220 in the NAD subsystem. All other bacterial species contain either both the nadA and nadB genes (plus nadC) or none. In a limited number of bacteria (∼20 species), mostly in the two distant groups of Xanthomonadales (within γ-Proteobacteria) and Flavobacteriales (within Bacteroidetes), the Asp–DHAP pathway of Qa synthesis is replaced by the Kyn pathway. As described in Section 7.08.2.1.2, four out of five enzymes (TRDOX, KYNOX, KYNSE, and HADOX) in the bacterial version of this pathway are close homologues of the respective eukaryotic enzymes, whereas the KYNFA gene is a subject of multiple nonorthologous replacements. Although the identity of one alternative form of KYNFA (gene kynB) was established in a group of bacteria that have a partial Kyn pathway for Trp degradation to anthranilate (e.g., in P. aeruginosa or B. cereus57), none of the known KYNFA homologues are present in Xanthomonadales or Flavobacteriales. In a few species (e.g., Salinispora spp.) a complete gene set of the Kyn pathway genes co-occurs with a complete Asp–DHAP pathway. Further experiments would be required to establish to what extent and under what conditions these two pathways contribute to Qa formation. As discussed, the QAPRT enzyme is shared by both de novo pathways, and a respective gene, nadC is always found in the genomes containing one or the other pathway. Similarly, gene nadC always co-occurs with Qa de novo biosynthetic genes with one notable exception of two groups of Streptococci, S. pneumonaie and S. pyogenes. Although all other members of the Lactobacillales group also lack the Qa de novo biosynthetic machinery and rely entirely on niacin salvage, only these two human pathogens contain a nadC gene. The functional significance of this ‘out of context’ gene is unknown, but it is tempting to speculate that it may be involved in a yet-unknown pathway of Qa salvage from the human host. Among approximately 150 bacterial species that lack de novo biosynthesis genes and rely on deamidating salvage of niacin (via NAPRT), the majority (∼100) are from the group of Firmicutes. Such a functional variant (illustrated for Staphylococcus aureus in Figure 4(b)) is characteristic of many bacterial pathogens, both Gram-positive and Gram-negative (e.g., Brucella, Bordetella, and Campylobacter spp. from α-, β-, and δ-Proteobacteria, Borrelia, and Treponema spp. from Spirochaetes). Most of the genomes in this group contain both pncA and pncB genes that are often clustered on the chromosome and/or are co-regulated (see Section 7.08.3.1.2). In some cases (e.g., within Mollicutes and Spirochaetales), only the pncB, but not the pncA gene, can be reliably identified, suggesting that either of these species can utilize only the deamidated form of niacin (Na) or that some of them contain an alternative (yet-unknown) NMASE. Although the nondeamidating conversion of Nm into NMN (via NMPRT) appears to be present in approximately 50 bacterial species (mostly in β- and γ-Proteobacteria), it is hardly ever the only route of NAD biogenesis in these organisms. The only possible exception is observed in Mycoplasma genitalium and M. pneumoniae that contain the nadV gene as the only component of pyridine mononucleotide biosynthetic machinery. In some species (e.g., in Synechocystes spp.), the NMPRT–NMNAT route is committed primarily to the recycling of endogenous Nm. On the other hand, in F. tularensis (Figure 4(c)), NMPRT (gene nadV) together with NMNAT (of the nadM family) constitute the functional nondeamidating Nm salvage pathway as it supports the growth of the nadE′-mutant on Nm but not on Na (L. Sorci et al., unpublished). A similar nondeamidating Nm salvage pathway implemented by NMPRT and NMNAT (of the nadR family) is present in some (but not all) species of Pasteurellaceae in addition to (but never instead of) the RNm salvage pathway (see below), as initially demonstrated for H. ducreyi.128 A two-step conversion of NaMN into NAD via a NaAD intermediate (Route I in Figure 2) is present in the overwhelming majority of bacteria. The signature enzyme of Route I, NAMNAT of the NadD family is present in nearly all approximately 650 bacterial species that are expected to generate NaMN via de novo or salvage pathways (as illustrated by Figures 3(a) and 3(b)). All these species, without a single exception, also contain NADSYN (encoded by either a short or a long form of the nadE gene), which is required for this route. The species that lack the NadD/NadE signature represent several relatively rare functional variants, including: 1. Route I of NAD synthesis (NaMN → NaAD → NAD) variant via a bifunctional NAMNAT/NMNAT enzyme of the NadM family is common for archaea (see Section 7.08.3.2), but it appears to be present in only a handful of bacteria, such as Acinetobacter, Deinococcus, and Thermus groups. Another unusual feature of the latter two groups is the absence of the classical NADKIN, a likely subject of a nonorthologous replacement that remains to be elucidated. 2. Route II of NAD synthesis (NaMN → NMN → NAD). This route is implemented by a combination of the NMNAT of either the NadM family (as in F. tularensis) or the NadR family (as in M. succinoproducens and A. succinogenes) with NMNSYN of the NadE′ family. The case of F. tularensis described in Section 7.08.2.4 is illustrated in Figure 3(b). The rest of the NAD biosynthetic machinery in both species from the Pasteurellaceae group, beyond the shared Route II, is remarkably different from that in F. tularensis. Instead of de novo biosynthesis, they harbor a Na salvage pathway via NAPRT encoded by a pncB gene that is present in a chromosomal cluster with nadE′. Neither of these two genes are present in other Pasteurellaceae that lack the pyridine carboxylate amidation machinery (see below). 3. Salvage of RNm (RNm → NMN → NAD). A genomic signature of this pathway, a combination of the PnuC-like transporter and a bifunctional NMNAT/RNMKIN of the NadR family, is present in many Enterobacteriaceae and in several other diverse species (e.g., in M. tuberculosis). However, in H. influenzae (Figure 3(d)) and related members of Pasteurellaceae, it is the only route of NAD biogenesis. As shown in Table 1, H. influenzae as well as many other members of this group have lost nearly all components of the rich NAD biosynthetic machinery that are present in their close phylogenetic neighbors (such as E. coli and many other Enterobacteriaceae). This pathway is an ultimate route for utilization of the so called V-factors (NADP, NAD, NMN, or RNm) that are required to support growth of H. influenzae. It was established that all other V-factors are degraded to RNm by a combination of periplasmic- and membrane-associated hydrolytic enzymes.222 Although PnuC was initially considered an NMN transporter,223 its recent detailed analysis in both H. influenzae and Salmonella confirmed that its actual physiological function is in the uptake of RNm coupled with the phosphorylation of RNM to NMN by RNMKIN.17,148,224 As already mentioned, H. ducreyi and several other V-factor-independent members of the Pasteurellaceae group (H. somnus, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, and Actinomycetemcomitans) harbor the NMNAT enzyme (NadV) that allows them to grow in the presence of Nm (but not Na) in the medium (Section 7.08.2.2). 4. Uptake of the intact NAD. Several groups of phylogenetically distant intracellular endosymbionts with extremely truncated genomes contain only a single enzyme, NADKIN, from the entire subsystem. Among them are all analyzed species of the Wolbachia, Rickettsia, and Blochmannia groups. These species are expected to uptake and utilize the intact NAD from their host while retaining the ability to convert it into NADP. Among all analyzed bacteria, only the group of Chlamydia does not have NADKIN and depends on the salvage of both NAD and NADP via a unique uptake system.157 A comprehensive genomic reconstruction of the metabolic potential (gene annotations and asserted pathways) across approximately 680 diverse bacterial genomes sets the stage for the accurate cross-genome projection and prediction of regulatory mechanisms that control the realization of this potential in a variety of species and growth conditions. In the next section, we summarize the recent accomplishments in the genomic reconstruction of NAD-related regulons in bacteria. Nicotinic acid mononucleotide. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=321-02-8 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 321-02-8). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Altersolanol A
CONFIDENCE isolated standard
Dattelic acid
Isolated from Pteridium aquilinum (bracken fern) and from unripe dates (tentative ident.). Dattelic acid is found in many foods, some of which are green vegetables, fruits, date, and blackcurrant. Dattelic acid is found in blackcurrant. Dattelic acid is isolated from Pteridium aquilinum (bracken fern) and from unripe dates (tentative ident.). 5-O-Caffeoylshikimic acid can be used in the study for NSCLC[1][2]. 5-O-Caffeoylshikimic acid can be used in the study for NSCLC[1][2].
Sojagol
Sojagol is found in pulses. Sojagol is isolated from soya (leaves and hypocotyls) and from mung beans (Phaseolus aureus). Isol. from soya (leaves and hypocotyls) and from mung beans (Phaseolus aureus). Sojagol is found in soy bean and pulses.
3-Hydroxymugineic acid
C12H20N2O9 (336.11687500000005)
3-Hydroxymugineic acid is found in cereals and cereal products. 3-Hydroxymugineic acid is isolated from roots of barley (Hordeum vulgare). Isolated from roots of barley (Hordeum vulgare). 3-Hydroxymugineic acid is found in barley and cereals and cereal products.
Heterocladol
SCHEMBL13090763
C11H17N2O8P (336.07224920000004)
Dantrolene sodium
D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D009465 - Neuromuscular Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents
Glabrone
Glabrone is an isoflavonoid. Glabrone is a natural product found in Euphorbia helioscopia, Glycyrrhiza glabra, and other organisms with data available. See also: Glycyrrhiza Glabra (part of). Glabrone is found in herbs and spices. Glabrone is a constituent of root of Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice)
Pachyrrhizin
Pachyrrhizin is found in jicama. Pachyrrhizin is a constituent of Pachyrrhizus erosus (yam bean). Constituent of Pachyrrhizus erosus (yam bean). Pachyrrhizin is found in jicama and pulses.
3-O-Caffeoylshikimic acid
3-O-Caffeoylshikimic acid is found in date. 3-O-Caffeoylshikimic acid is a constituent of dates (Phoenix dactylifera) Constituent of dates (Phoenix dactylifera). 3-O-Caffeoylshikimic acid is found in date and fruits. 5-O-Caffeoylshikimic acid can be used in the study for NSCLC[1][2]. 5-O-Caffeoylshikimic acid can be used in the study for NSCLC[1][2].
4-O-Caffeoylshikimic acid
4-O-Caffeoylshikimic acid is found in fruits. 4-O-Caffeoylshikimic acid is isolated from unripe dates (Phoenix dactylifera). Isolated from unripe dates (Phoenix dactylifera). 4-O-Caffeoylshikimic acid is found in fruits.
3-Caffeoyl-1,5-quinolactone
3-Caffeoyl-1,5-quinolactone is a polyphenol compound found in foods of plant origin (PMID: 20428313)
Dolineone
Dolineone is found in jicama. Dolineone is isolated from roots of Pachyrrhizus erosus (yam bean). Isolated from roots of Pachyrrhizus erosus (yam bean). Dolineone is found in jicama and pulses.
Kanzonol W
Kanzonol W is found in herbs and spices. Kanzonol W is a constituent of Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) roots
Isosojagol
Constituent of Phaseolus coccineus (canary grass). Isosojagol is found in pulses and scarlet bean. Isosojagol is found in pulses. Isosojagol is a constituent of Phaseolus coccineus (canary grass)
Atalantoflavone
Atalantoflavone is found in citrus. Atalantoflavone is isolated from rootbark of lemon tree
Juglone glucoside
Juglone glucoside is found in nuts. Juglone glucoside is isolated from pecan nuts. Isolated from pecan nuts. Juglone glucoside is found in nuts.
Semilepidinoside A
Semilepidinoside A is found in brassicas. Semilepidinoside A is an alkaloid from the seeds of Lepidium sativum (garden cress). Alkaloid from the seeds of Lepidium sativum (garden cress). Semilepidinoside A is found in garden cress and brassicas.
Musanolone D
Musanolone D is found in fruits. Musanolone D is a constituent of Musa acuminata (dwarf banana) (Musaceae). Constituent of Musa acuminata (dwarf banana) (Musaceae). Musanolone D is found in fruits.
Dulciol D
Dulciol D is found in fruits. Dulciol D is a constituent of Garcinia dulcis (mundu)
Phaseol
Isolated from Phaseolus aureus (mung bean). Phaseol is found in soy bean and pulses. Phaseol is found in pulses. Phaseol is isolated from Phaseolus aureus (mung bean).
Dehydroneotenone
Dehydroneotenone is found in jicama. Dehydroneotenone is isolated from Pachyrrhizus erosus (yam bean). Isolated from Pachyrrhizus erosus (yam bean). Dehydroneotenone is found in jicama and pulses.
S-Nitrosoglutathione
S-Nitrosoglutathione is a S-nitrosothiol. S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs) are thought to represent a circulating endogenous reservoir of nitric oxide (NO), and may have potential as donors of nitric oxide, distinct from currently used agents. They have the general formula RSNO, and naturally occurring examples include S-nitrosocysteine, S-nitrosoglutathione and S-nitrosoalbumin, in which R is an amino acid, polypeptide and protein respectively. RSNOs have anti-platelet properties, a theoretical role in the treatment of asthma and the potential to be used as agents to treat infectious diseases ranging from the common cold to AIDS. RSNOs are relatively unstable, being degraded to release nitric oxide and the corresponding disulphide. Their stability is influenced by the properties of the R group, heat, light, the presence of transition metal ions (in particular copper) and the presence of other thiols. RSNOs participate in transnitrosation reactions in which the -nitric oxide group is transferred to another thiol to form a more stable RSNO. Potential interactions of RSNOs include that with ascorbic acid (vitamin C), which enhances the ability of copper to catalyse their degradation. Transnitrosation reactions with thiol-containing enzymes can influence protein function, and the intracellular thiol glutathione, levels of which are influenced by many disease states, can also influence stability. Genetic and biochemical data demonstrate a pivotal role for S-nitrosothiols in mediating the actions of nitric oxide synthases (NOSs). RSNOs serve to convey NO bioactivity and to regulate protein function. S-Nitrosoglutathione breakdown is subject to precise regulation. For example, S-Nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) breaks down cytosolic S-Nitrosoglutathione, ultimately to oxidized GSH and ammonia. GSNOR, in turn, modulates the levels of some S-nitrosylated proteins. S-nitrosoglutathione, formed as nitric oxide moves away from erythrocytes in response to hemoglobin desaturation, may signal hypoxia-inducible factor-1-mediated physiologic and gene regulatory events in pulmonary endothelial cells without profound hypoxia, through a thiol-based reaction. S-Nitrosoglutathione stabilizes the alpha-subunit of hypoxia inducible factor1 (HIF-1) in normoxic cells, but not in the presence of PI3K inhibitors. (PMID: 11749666, 17541013, 16528016). S-Nitrosoglutathione is a S-nitrosothiol. S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs) are thought to represent a circulating endogenous reservoir of nitric oxide (NO), and may have potential as donors of nitric oxide, distinct from currently used agents. They have the general formula RSNO, and naturally occurring examples include S-nitrosocysteine, S-nitrosoglutathione and S-nitrosoalbumin, in which R is an amino acid, polypeptide and protein respectively. RSNOs have anti-platelet properties, a theoretical role in the treatment of asthma and the potential to be used as agents to treat infectious diseases ranging from the common cold to AIDS. RSNOs are relatively unstable, being degraded to release nitric oxide and the corresponding disulphide. Their stability is influenced by the properties of the R group, heat, light, the presence of transition metal ions (in particular copper) and the presence of other thiols. RSNOs participate in transnitrosation reactions in which the -nitric oxide group is transferred to another thiol to form a more stable RSNO. Potential interactions of RSNOs include that with ascorbic acid (vitamin C), which enhances the ability of copper to catalyse their degradation. Transnitrosation reactions with thiol-containing enzymes can influence protein function, and the intracellular thiol glutathione, levels of which are influenced by many disease states, can also influence stability. D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents > D001993 - Bronchodilator Agents D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D010975 - Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors > D026403 - S-Nitrosothiols D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018696 - Neuroprotective Agents D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D020030 - Nitric Oxide Donors D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents D020011 - Protective Agents Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), a exogenous NO donor and a substrate for rat alcohol dehydrogenase class III isoenzyme, inhibits cerebrovascular angiotensin II-dependent and -independent AT1 receptor responses[1][2][3][4].
4-Caffeoyl-1,5-quinolactone
4-Caffeoyl-1,5-quinolactone is a polyphenol compound found in foods of plant origin (PMID: 20428313)
4-Hydroxy-5-(dihydroxyphenyl)-valeric acid-O-methyl-O-sulphate
C12H16O9S (336.05150060000005)
4-Hydroxy-5-(dihydroxyphenyl)-valeric acid-O-methyl-O-sulphate belongs to the family of Hydroxy Fatty Acids. These are fatty acids in which the chain bears an hydroxyl group.
Captopril-cysteine disulfide
Captopril-cysteine disulfide is a metabolite of captopril. Captopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension and some types of congestive heart failure. Captopril was the first ACE inhibitor developed and was considered a breakthrough both because of its novel mechanism of action and also because of the revolutionary development process. Captopril is commonly marketed by Bristol-Myers Squibb under the trade name Capoten. (Wikipedia)
6-Methyl-griseofulvin
6-Methyl-griseofulvin is a metabolite of griseofulvin. Griseofulvin (marketed under the proprietary name Grifulvin V by Orthoneutrogena Labs, according to FDA orange book) is an antifungal drug that is administered orally. It is used both in animals and in humans, to treat fungal infections of the skin (commonly known as ringworm) and nails. It is produced by culture of some strains of the mold Penicillium griseofulvum, from which it was isolated in 1939. (Wikipedia)
8-(p-Sulfophenyl)theophylline
D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D058905 - Purinergic Agents > D058914 - Purinergic Antagonists
Amidoxime
C18H16N4O3 (336.12223459999996)
2-Dichloromethylene-3a,7a-dichloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methanoindene-1,3-dione
C12H20N2O9 (336.11687500000005)
N-(N-L-gamma-Glutamyl-S-nitroso-L-cysteinyl)glycine
3-Benzyl-1-methyl-2,6-dioxo-7H-purine-8-sulfonic acid
Thiamine hydrochloride
C12H18Cl2N4OS (336.05783180000003)
Nutrient supplement; flavouring ingredient with a bitter taste. Thiamine hydrochloride is found in many foods, some of which are sesame, cinnamon, garden rhubarb, and nougat. Thiamine hydrochloride (Thiamine chloride hydrochloride) is an essential micronutrient needed as a cofactor for many central metabolic enzymes. Thiamine hydrochloride (Thiamine chloride hydrochloride) is an essential micronutrient needed as a cofactor for many central metabolic enzymes.
Disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate
Sequestrant, preservative and discolouration inhibitor for foods. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, widely abbreviated as EDTA, is a polyamino carboxylic acid and a colourless, water-soluble solid. Its conjugate base is named ethylenediaminetetraacetate. It is widely used to dissolve limescale. Its usefulness arises because of its role as a hexadentate ("six-toothed") ligand and chelating agent Sequestrant, preservative and discolouration inhibitor for foods
Epiberberine
Epiberberine is a natural product found in Sinomenium acutum, Corydalis turtschaninovii, and other organisms with data available.
Cyclolaurenol acetate
3,4-Dihydro-3-methyl-8-methoxy-11-hydroxybenz[a]anthracene-1,7,12(2H)-trione
[1R-(1alpha,4alpha,4aalpha,7beta,8abeta)]-4-Bromo-7-chlorodecahydro-1,4a-dimethyl-7-(1-methylethyl)-1-naphthalenol
5-Methoxy-3,4-methylenedioxyfurano[2,3:7,8]flavone
Ciliatin A
Carpachromene
isoderrone
A hydroxyisoflavone that is isoflavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7 and a 6,6-dimethyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran across positions 3 and 4 respectively. It has been isolated from Ficus mucuso.
Licoagroisoflavone
A natural product found in Crotalaria lachnophora.
Alpinumisoflavone
Alpinumisoflavone is a member of isoflavanones. It has a role as a metabolite. Alpinumisoflavone is a natural product found in Genista ephedroides, Erythrina suberosa, and other organisms with data available. A natural product found in Ficus mucuso. Alpinumisoflavone (compound 2) is a flavonoid derivative isolated from the stem bark of Erythrina lysistemon Hutch[1]. Alpinumisoflavone (compound 2) is a flavonoid derivative isolated from the stem bark of Erythrina lysistemon Hutch[1].
Isopsoralidin
Derrone
Derrone is a natural product found in Erythrina senegalensis, Ficus nymphaeifolia, and other organisms with data available.
Sojagol
A member of the class of coumestans that is coumestan substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3 and a 2,2-dimethylpyran group across positions 9 and 10.
Dolichone
Isosojagol
A member of the class of coumestans that is coumestrol with a prenyl substituent at position 10.
Psoralidin
Psoralidin is a dual inhibitor of COX-2 and 5-LOX, regulates ionizing radiation (IR)-induced pulmonary inflammation.Anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties[1]. Psoralidin significantly downregulates NOTCH1 signaling. Psoralidin also greatly induces ROS generation[2]. Psoralidin is a dual inhibitor of COX-2 and 5-LOX, regulates ionizing radiation (IR)-induced pulmonary inflammation.Anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties[1]. Psoralidin significantly downregulates NOTCH1 signaling. Psoralidin also greatly induces ROS generation[2]. Psoralidin is a dual inhibitor of COX-2 and 5-LOX, regulates ionizing radiation (IR)-induced pulmonary inflammation.Anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties[1]. Psoralidin significantly downregulates NOTCH1 signaling. Psoralidin also greatly induces ROS generation[2].
(E)-3-hydroxy-6-(4-hydroxy-6-methoxy-7-methyl-3-oxo-1H-2-benzofuran-5-yl)-4-methylhex-4-enoic acid
Glutamyl-S-(C4H7O2)-Cysteine
C12H20N2O7S (336.09911700000004)
Annotation level-3
1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenoxy)-1,3-propanediol
7-hydroxy-3-(7-methoxy-2-oxo-2H-1-benzopyran-8-yl)-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one|daphnogirin
globosuxanthone B
A member of the class of xanthones that is methyl-9-oxo-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-xanthene-1-carboxylate substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 2 and 8 and a methoxy group at position 3 (the 1R,2R,3S stereoisomer). It has been isolated from Chaetomium globosum.
Erylatissin B
A member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is isoflavone with hydroxy groups at C-7 and C-3 positions and a 2,2-dimethylpyran ring fused to ring B across positions C-4 and C-5. Isolated from the stem wood of Erythrina latissima, it exhibits antimicrobial and radical scavenging activities.
N-{4-[(6-Methoxy-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinyl)sulfamoyl]phenyl}acetamide
C14H16N4O4S (336.08922160000003)
2,3-Dihydro-2-(1-methylethenyl)-4-hydroxy-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5H-furo[3,2-g][1]benzopyran-5-one
8-methoxy-3-methyl-1naphthalenol-6-O-alpha-D-ribofuranoside
1-O-(alpha-D-mannopyranosyl)chlorogentisyl alcohol
8alpha-acetoxy-2-oxo-5alpha,10alpha-dihydroxyguaia-3,11(13)-dien-1-alpha,6beta,7alphaH-12,6-olide|artemanomalide B
3-[2-(2-Hydroxypropane-2-yl)benzofuran-5-yl]-7-hydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one
8,8a-(Carbonyloxymethylene)-3-(3-furyl)-3,5,6,8a-tetrahydro-4-methyl-1H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-c]furan-1-one
7-(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-2H,6H-benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b]dipyran-6-one
(6aS,11aS)-2-(prop-1-ene-2-yl)-6a,11a-dihydro-6H-benzofuro[3,2-c]furo[3,2-g]chromene-6a,9-diol
1alpha-acetoxy-8alpha,9b-dihydroxy-2-oxo-eudesman-3,7(11)-dien-8,12-olide
3,13-Dimethyl-6,8-dihydroxy-1,2-(epoxypropano)anthracene-12-ene-9,10,11-trione
(8Z,14Z)-8-bromoheptadeca-8,14-dien-4,16-diynoic acid
(2Z)-2-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-7,7-dimethyl-7H-furo[2,3-f]chromene-3,9(2H,8H)-dione|damaurone C
(2aS,5R,5aR,6aS,9bR,9cS)-2a,3,4,5,5a,6,6a,8,9b,9c-decahydro-6a-hydroxy-9,9c-dimethyl-2,8-dioxo-2H-naphtho[2,3-b:4,5-b,c]difuran-5-yl acetate|1beta-acetoxy-8beta-hydroxyeremophil-7(11)-ene-6alpha,15beta;8alpha,12-diolide
4,5-dihydroxy-8-(8-hydroxynaphthalene-1-yloxy)-3,4-dihydro-2H-naphthalen-1-one
5alpha,10alpha-dihydroxy-9-acetoxyarbiglovin|5alpha,10alpha-Dihydroxy-9alpha-acetoxyarbiglovin
3,4,5-Trimethoxy-4-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-one
7-methoxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-phenyl)-chroman-3,4,5-triol
3-Chlor-2,4-dihydroxy-6,2-dimethoxy-4,6-dimethyl-benzophenon
5-Hydroxy-3,6-dimethoxy-7-phenyl-1H,3H-naphtho[1,8-cd]pyran-1-one
(-)-4-(1-p-Tolylmercapto-aethylsulfon)-benzoesaeure|(-)-4-(1-p-tolylsulfanyl-ethanesulfonyl)-benzoic acid
4,7-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5,6-dihydro-1,3-benzodioxole-5,6-dione
8-Chloro-2-(2-phenylethyl)-5,6,7-trihydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrochromone
(5S,6S,7S,8R)-8-chloro-5,6,7-trihydroxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrochromen-4-one is a natural product found in Aquilaria sinensis with data available.
Dattelic acid
5-[(E)-caffeoyl]shikimic acid is a carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (E)-caffeic acid with the 5-hydroxy group of shikimic acid. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is an alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid, a cyclohexenecarboxylic acid, a member of catechols and a carboxylic ester. It is functionally related to a shikimic acid and a trans-caffeic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 5-[(E)-caffeoyl]shikimate. 5-O-Caffeoylshikimic acid is a natural product found in Smilax bracteata, Smilax corbularia, and other organisms with data available. See also: Stevia rebaudiuna Leaf (part of). Isolated from Pteridium aquilinum (bracken fern) and from unripe dates (tentative ident.). Dattelic acid is found in many foods, some of which are green vegetables, fruits, date, and blackcurrant. Dattelic acid is found in blackcurrant. Dattelic acid is isolated from Pteridium aquilinum (bracken fern) and from unripe dates (tentative ident.). 5-O-Caffeoylshikimic acid can be used in the study for NSCLC[1][2]. 5-O-Caffeoylshikimic acid can be used in the study for NSCLC[1][2].
Berberine
Origin: Plant; SubCategory_DNP: Isoquinoline alkaloids, Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported by the Max-Planck-Society IPB_RECORD: 2521; CONFIDENCE confident structure IPB_RECORD: 821; CONFIDENCE confident structure
2-(4a,9,10a-trihydroxy-1-methyl-5,10-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-benzo[g]isochromen-3-yl)acetic acid
3-hydroxy-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2,4-dihydrobenzo[a]anthracene-1,7,12-trione
5-hydroxy-8-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,2-dimethylpyrano[3,2-g]chromen-6-one
(3R,4R,5R)-5-[(E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxycyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid
3-hydroxy-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2,4-dihydrobenzo[a]anthracene-1,7,12-trione
2-(4a,9,10a-trihydroxy-1-methyl-5,10-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-benzo[g]isochromen-3-yl)acetic acid
3-hydroxy-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2,4-dihydrobenzo[a]anthracene-1,7,12-trione [IIN-based: Match]
3-hydroxy-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2,4-dihydrobenzo[a]anthracene-1,7,12-trione [IIN-based on: CCMSLIB00000846183]
2-(4a,9,10a-trihydroxy-1-methyl-5,10-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-benzo[g]isochromen-3-yl)acetic acid_major
(E)-3-hydroxy-6-(4-hydroxy-6-methoxy-7-methyl-3-oxo-1H-2-benzofuran-5-yl)-4-methylhex-4-enoic acid_major
3-hydroxy-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2,4-dihydrobenzo[a]anthracene-1,7,12-trione_major
Ala Cys Gly Ser
C11H20N4O6S (336.11035000000004)
Ala Cys Ser Gly
C11H20N4O6S (336.11035000000004)
Ala Gly Cys Ser
C11H20N4O6S (336.11035000000004)
Ala Gly Ser Cys
C11H20N4O6S (336.11035000000004)
Ala Ser Cys Gly
C11H20N4O6S (336.11035000000004)
Ala Ser Gly Cys
C11H20N4O6S (336.11035000000004)
Cys Ala Gly Ser
C11H20N4O6S (336.11035000000004)
Cys Ala Ser Gly
C11H20N4O6S (336.11035000000004)
Cys Gly Ala Ser
C11H20N4O6S (336.11035000000004)
Cys Gly Gly Thr
C11H20N4O6S (336.11035000000004)
Cys Gly Ser Ala
C11H20N4O6S (336.11035000000004)
Cys Gly Thr Gly
C11H20N4O6S (336.11035000000004)
Cys Ser Ala Gly
C11H20N4O6S (336.11035000000004)
Cys Ser Gly Ala
C11H20N4O6S (336.11035000000004)
Cys Thr Gly Gly
C11H20N4O6S (336.11035000000004)
Gly Ala Cys Ser
C11H20N4O6S (336.11035000000004)
Gly Ala Ser Cys
C11H20N4O6S (336.11035000000004)
Gly Cys Ala Ser
C11H20N4O6S (336.11035000000004)
Gly Cys Gly Thr
C11H20N4O6S (336.11035000000004)
Gly Cys Ser Ala
C11H20N4O6S (336.11035000000004)
Gly Cys Thr Gly
C11H20N4O6S (336.11035000000004)
Gly Gly Cys Thr
C11H20N4O6S (336.11035000000004)
Gly Gly Thr Cys
C11H20N4O6S (336.11035000000004)
Gly Ser Ala Cys
C11H20N4O6S (336.11035000000004)
Gly Ser Cys Ala
C11H20N4O6S (336.11035000000004)
Gly Ser Ser Ser
Gly Thr Cys Gly
C11H20N4O6S (336.11035000000004)
Gly Thr Gly Cys
C11H20N4O6S (336.11035000000004)
Ser Ala Cys Gly
C11H20N4O6S (336.11035000000004)
Ser Ala Gly Cys
C11H20N4O6S (336.11035000000004)
Ser Cys Ala Gly
C11H20N4O6S (336.11035000000004)
Ser Cys Gly Ala
C11H20N4O6S (336.11035000000004)
Ser Gly Ala Cys
C11H20N4O6S (336.11035000000004)
Ser Gly Cys Ala
C11H20N4O6S (336.11035000000004)
Ser Gly Ser Ser
Ser Ser Gly Ser
Ser Ser Ser Gly
Thr Cys Gly Gly
C11H20N4O6S (336.11035000000004)
Thr Gly Cys Gly
C11H20N4O6S (336.11035000000004)
Thr Gly Gly Cys
C11H20N4O6S (336.11035000000004)
Nitrosoglutathione
Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), a exogenous NO donor and a substrate for rat alcohol dehydrogenase class III isoenzyme, inhibits cerebrovascular angiotensin II-dependent and -independent AT1 receptor responses[1][2][3][4].
3-Caffeoylquinic acid lactone
4-Caffeoylquinic acid lactone
Neodattelic acid
Juglone glucoside
3-HMA
C12H20N2O9 (336.11687500000005)
Isodattelic acid
nicotinate beta-D-ribonucleotide
(5-amino-1-benzothiophen-2-yl)-(4-phenylpiperidin-1-yl)methanone
1,1,1-Trifluoro-N-[1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-(2-methylpropyl)-7-quinolinyl]-methanesulfonamide
TERT-BUTYL 5-CHLORO-2-OXOSPIRO[INDOLINE-3,4-PIPERIDINE]-1-CARBOXYLATE
3H-Xanthen-3-one,2,6,7-trihydroxy-9-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-
3,5-diphenyl-2-sulfanylidene-1H-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one
(4-methylsulfinylphenoxy)-di(propan-2-yloxy)-sulfanylidene-λ5-phosphane
Methyl 4,6,7-trimethoxy-5-(methoxymethoxy)-2-naphthoate
Clonixeril
C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent > C2198 - Nonnarcotic Analgesic
[4-(4-chloro-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-thiophen-3-yl-acetic acid
Benzene,1,1,1-[(chlorosilylidyne)tris(methylene)]tris-
(S)-2-BENZYLOXY-1 3-PROPANEDIOL 1-(TO-
C17H20O5S (336.10313900000006)
1,2-DIMETHYL-3-SULFOPROPYL-5-TRIFLUOROMETHYLBENZIMIDAZOLIUM, INNER SALT
C13H15F3N2O3S (336.07554360000006)
2-[(4-sulfamoylphenyl)carbamoyl]bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-3-carboxylic acid
7-BENZYLOXY-4-CHLORO-6-METHOXY-QUINAZOLINE HYDROCHLORIDE
4-Nitrophenyl 4-Guanidinobenzoate Hydrochloride
C14H13ClN4O4 (336.06252880000005)
(3S,4R)-3-benzyloxycarbonylamino-4-methyl-2-oxoazetidine-1-sulphonic acid sodium salt
1-BENZYL-3-((DIMETHYLCARBAMOYL)OXY)PYRIDIN-1-IUM BROMIDE
C15H17BrN2O2 (336.04733219999997)
[4-(4-chloro-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-thiophen-2-yl-acetic acid
Etifoxine hydrochloride
Etifoxine hydrochloride, a non-benzodiazepine GABAergic compound, is a positive allosteric modulator of α1β2γ2 and α1β3γ2 subunit-containing GABAA receptors. Etifoxine hydrochloride reveals anxiolytic and anticonvulsant properties in rodents[1][2][3].
3-(3-CYANO-BENZENESULFONYL)-PYRROLIDINE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID TERT-BUTYL ESTER
C16H20N2O4S (336.11437200000006)
3-(4-CYANO-BENZENESULFONYL)-PYRROLIDINE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID TERT-BUTYL ESTER
C16H20N2O4S (336.11437200000006)
Pyridinium, 3-[(methoxycarbonyl)amino]-4-methyl-1-(phenylmethyl)-, bromide
C15H17BrN2O2 (336.04733219999997)
3-(4-Chlorophenyl)-4-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione
[2,4-Bis(benzyloxy)-5-pyrimidinyl]boronic acid
C18H17BN2O4 (336.12813120000004)
3-(4-CHLORO-PHENYL)-7H-[1,2,4]TRIAZOLO[3,4-B][1,3,4]THIADIAZIN-6-YL]-ACETIC ACID ETHYL ESTER
C14H13ClN4O2S (336.04477080000004)
5-Amino-4-cyano-3-[[(4-fluorophenyl)thio]methyl]-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid ethyl ester
C15H13FN2O2S2 (336.04024499999997)
4-[4-(3-chlorophenoxy)-3-oxobut-1-enyl]-5-hydroxy-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
2-HYDROXYPROPYL 2-(METHACRYLOYLOXY)ETHYL PHTHALATE
2-BROMO-1-(3-ETHYL-5,5,8,8-TETRAMETHYL-5,6,7,8-TETRAHYDRONAPHTHALEN-2-YL)ETHAN-1-ONE
(R)-(-)-1-Benzyloxy-3-(p-tosyloxy)-2-propanol
C17H20O5S (336.10313900000006)
6-METHYL-2,4,6-TRIS(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)TETRAHYDROPYRAN-2,4-DIOL
N-CARBOBENZOXY-2-NITROBENZENESULFONAMIDE
C14H12N2O6S (336.04160520000005)
N-[(2-HYDROXY-NAPHTHALEN-1-YL)-(3-NITRO-PHENYL)-METHYL]-ACETAMIDE
[3aa,4a(E),5b,6aa]-4-[4-(3-Chlorophenoxy)-3-oxo-1-butenyl]hexahydro-5-hydroxy-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
(4-Phenoxyphenyl) Phenyl Dimethoxysilane
C20H20O3Si (336.11816500000003)
Ethanol, 2-(2-phenoxyethoxy)-, 4-methylbenzenesulfonate
C17H20O5S (336.10313900000006)
4-(3-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)butyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate
TERT-BUTYL 7-CHLORO-2-OXOSPIRO[INDOLINE-3,4-PIPERIDINE]-1-CARBOXYLATE
(E)-2-(4-(CYCLOPROPYLSULFONYL)PHENYL)-3-(TETRAHYDRO-2H-PYRAN-4-YL)ACRYLIC ACID
C17H20O5S (336.10313900000006)
(S)-(+)-1-Benzyloxy-3-(p-tosyloxy)-2-propanol
C17H20O5S (336.10313900000006)
N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-3-cyanobenzene-sulfonamide
C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C1742 - Angiogenesis Inhibitor > C2144 - Endothelial-Specific Integrin/Survival Signaling Inhibitor
Naproxen etemesil
C17H20O5S (336.10313900000006)
C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent > C2198 - Nonnarcotic Analgesic C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1323 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitor
6-(3,5-Difluoroanilino)-9-(2,2-difluoroethyl)purine-2-carbonitrile
1-Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid
Aspergillusone B
A member of the class of xanthones that is methyl (1R)-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-xanthene-1-carboxylate substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 2 and 8, a hydroxymethyl group at position 6 and an oxo group at position 9. It has been isolated from the sea fan derived fungus Aspergillus sydowii.
5-Amino-4-(1,3-benzothiazol-6-ylhydrazinylidene)-2-phenyl-3-pyrazolone
N-[(E)-[5-(4-nitrophenyl)furan-2-yl]methylideneamino]pyridine-3-carboxamide
C17H12N4O4 (336.08585120000004)
N-[2-[(4-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)sulfanyl]acetyl]-4-nitrobenzohydrazide
C12H12N6O4S (336.06407120000006)
3-Amino-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-nitro-1-oxo-4-isoquinolinecarbonitrile
C17H12N4O4 (336.08585120000004)
6-(2-Chlorophenyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid 2-methylpropyl ester
4,4,6-trimethyl-5,6-dihydro-3H,4H-spiro[1,3-benzothiazole-2,1-pyrrolo[3,2,1-ij]quinolin]-2-one
EDTA disodium salt
D064449 - Sequestering Agents > D002614 - Chelating Agents > D065096 - Calcium Chelating Agents C78275 - Agent Affecting Blood or Body Fluid > C263 - Anticoagulant Agent D000074385 - Food Ingredients > D005503 - Food Additives D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D000925 - Anticoagulants
2-{5-[Amino(iminio)methyl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-YL}-4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzenolate
C15H11F3N4O2 (336.08340619999996)
6-chloro-3-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)-4-phenylquinolin-2(1H)-one
(E)-3,4-Dihydroxy-N-[(2-Methoxynaphthalen-1-Yl)methylene]benzohydrazide
Thiamine hydrochloride
C12H18Cl2N4OS (336.05783180000003)
Thiamine hydrochloride (Thiamine chloride hydrochloride) is an essential micronutrient needed as a cofactor for many central metabolic enzymes. Thiamine hydrochloride (Thiamine chloride hydrochloride) is an essential micronutrient needed as a cofactor for many central metabolic enzymes.
Peonidin chloride
Isolated from grapes. Peonidin 3-[4-hydroxycinnamoyl-b-D-glucopyranoside] is found in many foods, some of which are fruits, olive, common grape, and rose hip.
3-Hydroxy-6-(4-hydroxy-6-methoxy-7-methyl-3-oxo-1H-2-benzofuran-5-yl)-4-methylhex-4-enoic acid
4-[[1-(4-Chlorophenyl)triazol-4-yl]methoxy]quinoline
[5-(3-carbamoyl-4H-pyridin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl dihydrogen phosphate
C11H17N2O8P (336.07224920000004)
S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione(1-)
Conjugate base of S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione.
5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-Ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide
COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map D007004 - Hypoglycemic Agents Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
6-(2-Azaniumyl-2-carboxylatoethyl)-7,8-dioxo-1,2,3,4,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-2,4-dicarboxylate
2-Oxo-3-(phosphooxy)propyl 8-methyl-3-oxononanoate
(2S)-2-amino-5-[[(1R)-1-carboxy-2-(2-carboxypropylsulfanyl)ethyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid
C12H20N2O7S (336.09911700000004)
1-[3,4-Dihydroxy-5-(phosphonooxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]pyridin-1-ium-3-carboxylic acid
EDTA disodium
D064449 - Sequestering Agents > D002614 - Chelating Agents > D065096 - Calcium Chelating Agents C78275 - Agent Affecting Blood or Body Fluid > C263 - Anticoagulant Agent D000074385 - Food Ingredients > D005503 - Food Additives D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D000925 - Anticoagulants
Brasiliquinone B
A carbopolycyclic compound that is 3,4-dihydrotetraphene-1,7,12(2H)-trione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 8 and an ethyl group at position 3 (the S stereoisomer). It is isolated from the culture broth of Nocardia brasiliensis and exhibits antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. It is also active against the multiple drug-resistant P388/ADR tumour cells.
2-[(2-Phenyl-4-benzofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidinyl)thio]acetic acid
C18H12N2O3S (336.0568602000001)
5-(3,5-Dimethylpiperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl-1-methylindole-2,3-dione
C16H20N2O4S (336.11437200000006)
N-(3-fluoro-4-methylphenyl)-3-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazole-6-sulfonamide
C15H13FN2O4S (336.05800300000004)
1-[2-[(4-Chlorophenyl)thio]ethyl]-3-(4-methylphenyl)thiourea
2-Amino-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-3-cyano-7-(dimethylamino)-4h-chromene
C18H16N4O3 (336.12223459999996)
3-[(5-chloro-2-pyridinyl)amino]-2-(2-pyridinyl)-3H-isoindol-1-one
2-(4-fluoro-N-methylsulfonylanilino)-N-(3-methylphenyl)acetamide
C16H17FN2O3S (336.0943864000001)
4-(6-Fluoro-3-methyl-4-oxo-1-benzopyran-2-yl)-2-methyl-1-phthalazinone
C19H13FN2O3 (336.09101599999997)
2-ethoxy-N-[4-(2-pyrimidinylsulfamoyl)phenyl]acetamide
C14H16N4O4S (336.08922160000003)
1-phenyl-6-[(2-pyrimidinylthio)methyl]-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-one
3-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-ylamino)-6-(phenylmethyl)-2H-1,2,4-triazin-5-one
C18H16N4O3 (336.12223459999996)
1-(5-Chloro-2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(phenylmethyl)thiourea
4-[(4-Carboxy-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy)methyl]-5-methyl-2-furancarboxylic acid
2-[4-(Pyridin-4-ylmethylsulfamoyl)phenoxy]acetic acid methyl ester
4-[2-[(4-Chlorophenyl)thio]ethoxy]-3-ethoxybenzaldehyde
3-[(2-chlorophenyl)methyl]-N-phenyl-7-triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidinamine
N-[[4-(4-nitrophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]-sulfanylidenemethyl]butanamide
C15H20N4O3S (336.12560500000006)
4-[5-[Oxo-(3-pyridinylamino)methyl]-2-furanyl]benzoic acid ethyl ester
4-[[5-(Difluoromethylthio)-4-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]methoxy]-5-methylisoquinoline
C15H14F2N4OS (336.08563380000004)
1-Phenyl-5-(N-p-tolyl-hydrazinomethylene)-pyrimidine-2,4,6-trione
C18H16N4O3 (336.12223459999996)
2-[(2-Benzylsulfanyl-pyrimidin-4-yl)-hydrazonomethyl]-phenol
5-[[2-Fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)anilino]methyl]-8-quinolinol
C17H12F4N2O (336.08857099999994)
7-Amino-2-(ethylsulfanyl)-5-oxo-1-phenyl-1,5-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-6,8-dicarbonitrile
2-{[2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]amino}-N-(2-fluorobenzyl)acetamide
C17H18ClFN2O2 (336.10407699999996)
(2S,3S,4S)-1-[1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl(oxo)methyl]-4-(hydroxymethyl)-3-phenyl-2-azetidinecarbonitrile
(2R,3R,4S)-1-[1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl(oxo)methyl]-4-(hydroxymethyl)-3-phenyl-2-azetidinecarbonitrile
(2S,3R,4S)-1-(1,3-benzodioxole-5-carbonyl)-4-(hydroxymethyl)-3-phenylazetidine-2-carbonitrile
(2R,3S,4R)-1-[1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl(oxo)methyl]-4-(hydroxymethyl)-3-phenyl-2-azetidinecarbonitrile
(2S,3R,4R)-1-(1,3-benzodioxole-5-carbonyl)-4-(hydroxymethyl)-3-phenylazetidine-2-carbonitrile
(2R,3R,4R)-1-[1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl(oxo)methyl]-4-(hydroxymethyl)-3-phenyl-2-azetidinecarbonitrile
(2R,3S,4S)-1-[1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl(oxo)methyl]-4-(hydroxymethyl)-3-phenyl-2-azetidinecarbonitrile
(2S,3S,4R)-1-[1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl(oxo)methyl]-4-(hydroxymethyl)-3-phenyl-2-azetidinecarbonitrile
1-[3-[(2-Amino-2-carboxyethyl)disulfanyl]-2-methylpropanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
N-[3-(2-methoxyphenyl)imino-1,4-dioxo-2-naphthalenyl]acetamide
[6-hydroxy-2-methoxy-3-[(E)-3-phenylprop-2-enyl]phenyl] hydrogen sulate
[4-[(E)-3-(4-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)prop-1-enyl]phenyl] hydrogen sulate
[3-[(E)-3-(4-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)prop-1-enyl]phenyl] hydrogen sulate
2-[(2S)-4-[(3-acetyl-2,6-dihydroxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]-3-hydroxy-5-oxo-2H-furan-2-yl]acetic acid
3-cyano-N-(3-methanimidoyl-4-methylindol-7-ylidene)benzenesulfonamide
Berberine
Berberine is an organic heteropentacyclic compound, an alkaloid antibiotic, a botanical anti-fungal agent and a berberine alkaloid. It has a role as an antilipemic drug, a hypoglycemic agent, an antioxidant, a potassium channel blocker, an antineoplastic agent, an EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor, an EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor, an EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor, an EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor, an EC 2.1.1.116 [3-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor, an EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor, an EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor, an EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor, an EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor, an EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor, an EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor, an EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor, an EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor, a geroprotector and a metabolite. An alkaloid from Hydrastis canadensis L., Berberidaceae. It is also found in many other plants. It is relatively toxic parenterally, but has been used orally for various parasitic and fungal infections and as antidiarrheal. Berberine is a quaternary ammonia compound found in many botanical products, including goldenseal, barberry and Oregon grape, which is used for its purported antioxidant and antimicrobial properties for a host of conditions, including obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, heart failure, H. pylori infection and colonic adenoma prevention. Berberine has not been linked to serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy nor to instances of clinically apparent liver injury. Berberine is a natural product found in Berberis poiretii, Thalictrum delavayi, and other organisms with data available. Berberine is a quaternary ammonium salt of an isoquinoline alkaloid and active component of various Chinese herbs, with potential antineoplastic, radiosensitizing, anti-inflammatory, anti-lipidemic and antidiabetic activities. Although the mechanisms of action through which berberine exerts its effects are not yet fully elucidated, upon administration this agent appears to suppress the activation of various proteins and/or modulate the expression of a variety of genes involved in tumorigenesis and inflammation, including, but not limited to transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB), myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xl), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), E-selectin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), C-X-C motif chemokine 2 (CXCL2), cyclin D1, activator protein (AP-1), hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT), and DNA topoisomerase I and II. The modulation of gene expression may induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and inhibit cancer cell proliferation. In addition, berberine modulates lipid and glucose metabolism. An alkaloid from Hydrastis canadensis L., Berberidaceae. It is also found in many other plants. It is relatively toxic parenterally, but has been used orally for various parasitic and fungal infections and as antidiarrheal. See also: Goldenseal (part of); Berberis aristata stem (part of). Berberine is a quaternary ammonium salt that belongs to the protoberberine group of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids. Chemically, berberine is classified as an isoquinoline alkaloid. More specifically, berberine is a plant alkaloid derived from tyrosine through a complex 8 step biosynthetic process. Berberine is found in plants such as Berberis vulgaris (barberry), Berberis aristata (tree turmeric), Mahonia aquifolium (Oregon grape) and Hydrastis canadensis (goldenseal). Two other known berberine-containing plants are Phellodendron chinense and Phellodendron amurense. Berberine is usually found in the roots, rhizomes, stems, and bark of Berberis plants. Due to berberines intense yellow color, plants that contain berberine were traditionally used to dye wool, leather, and wood. Under ultraviolet light, berberine shows a strong yellow fluorescence, making it useful in histology for staining heparin in mast cells. Berberine is a bioactive plant compound that has been frequently used in traditional medicine. Among the known physiological effects or bioactivities are: 1) Antimicrobial action against bacteria, fungi, protozoa, viruses, helminthes, and Chlamydia; 2) Antagonism against the effects of cholera and E coli heat-stable enterotoxin; 3) Inhibition of intestinal ion secretion and of smooth muscle contraction; 4) Reduction of inflammation and 5) Stimulation of bile secretion and bilirubin discharge (PMID:32335802). Berberine can inhibit bacterial growth in the gut, including Helicobacter pylori, protect the intestinal epithelial barrier from injury, and ameliorate liver injury. Currently, berberine is sold as an Over-the-Counter (OTC) drug for treating gastrointestinal infections in China (PMID:18442638). Berberine also inhibits the proliferation of various types of cancer cells and impedes invasion and metastasis (PMID:32335802). Recent evidence has also confirmed that berberine improves the efficacy and safety of both chemo and radiotherapies for cancer treatment (PMID:32335802). Berberine has also been shown to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism in vitro and in vivo (PMID:18442638). In fact, berberine is the main active component of an ancient Chinese herb Coptis chinensis French, which has been used to treat diabetes for thousands of years. As an anti-diabetic, berberine increases glucose uptake by muscle fibers independent of insulin levels. It triggers AMPK activation and increases glycolysis, leading to decreased insulin resistance and decreased oxygen respiration. The same mechanism leads to a reduction in gluconeogenesis in the liver. AMPK activation by berberine also leads to an antiatherosclerotic effect in mice. Berberines AMPK activation may also underlie berberines anti-obesity effects and favorable influence on weight loss (PMID:18442638). While its use as a medication is widely touted, it is important to remember that berberine inhibits CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 enzymes, both of which are involved in the metabolism of many endogenous substances and xenobiotics, including a number of prescription drugs. An alkaloid from Hydrastis canadensis L., Berberidaceae. It is also found in many other plants. It is relatively toxic parenterally, but has been used orally for various parasitic and fungal infections and as antidiarrheal. [HMDB] COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
Firocoxib
C17H20O5S (336.10313900000006)
C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent > C2198 - Nonnarcotic Analgesic C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1323 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitor
Nicotinate mononucleotide
COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
1-(5-O-phosphono-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide
C11H17N2O8P (336.07224920000004)
Bisphenol AF
An organofluorine compound that is bisphenol A with its methyl hydrogens replaced by fluorines. D052244 - Endocrine Disruptors
S-nitrosoglutathione
D019141 - Respiratory System Agents > D018927 - Anti-Asthmatic Agents > D001993 - Bronchodilator Agents D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D010975 - Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors > D026403 - S-Nitrosothiols D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018696 - Neuroprotective Agents D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D020030 - Nitric Oxide Donors D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents D020011 - Protective Agents Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), a exogenous NO donor and a substrate for rat alcohol dehydrogenase class III isoenzyme, inhibits cerebrovascular angiotensin II-dependent and -independent AT1 receptor responses[1][2][3][4].
4-Hydroxy-5-(dihydroxyphenyl)-valeric acid-O-methyl-O-sulphate
C12H16O9S (336.05150060000005)
5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(2-)
An organophosphate oxoanion resulting from the removal of both protons from the phosphate group of 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide. It is the major species at pH 7.3.
1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-3-carboxylic acid
Nicotinic acid D-ribonucleotide
A D-ribonucleotide having nicotinic acid as the nucleobase.
5-[(E)-caffeoyl]shikimic acid
A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (E)-caffeic acid with the 5-hydroxy group of shikimic acid.
garciniaxanthone G
An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is 6H-furo[3,2-c]xanthen-6-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 10 and a 2-methylbut-3-en-2-yl group at position 8. Isolated from the woods of Garcinia subelliptica, it exhibits antioxidant activity.
NMNH
C11H17N2O8P (336.07224920000004)
A nicotinamide mononucleotide that is obtained by addition of hydride to position 4 on the pyridine ring of NMN(+).
ADRA1D receptor antagonist 1
ADRA1D receptor antagonist 1 is a potent, selective and orally active α1D adrenoceptor antagonist, with a Ki of 1.6 nM[1].
MSNBA
C14H12N2O6S (336.04160520000005)
MSNBA is a specific inhibitor of GLUT5 fructose transport in proteoliposomes. MSNBA competitively inhibits GLUT5 fructose uptake with a KI of 3.2±0.4?μM in MCF7 cells[1].