Classification Term: 168963
Prostaglandins (ontology term: 85622069c6cc39b61bc379de6204f8c7)
found 136 associated metabolites at sub_class metabolite taxonomy ontology rank level.
Ancestor: Eicosanoids
Child Taxonomies: There is no child term of current ontology term.
Prostanoic acid
A carbocyclic fatty acid composed of heptanoic acid having a (1S,2S)-2-octylcyclopentyl substituent at position 7.
Lubiprostone
Lubiprostone is a medication used in the management of idiopathic chronic constipation. It is a bicyclic fatty acid (prostaglandin E1 derivative) which acts by specifically activating ClC-2 chloride channels on the apical aspect of gastrointestinal epithelial cells, producing a chloride-rich fluid secretion. These secretions soften the stool, increase motility, and promote spontaneous bowel movements (SBM). Same as: D04790
13,14-Dihydro-15-keto-PGE2
13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE2 is one of the prostaglandin E2 metabolites. (PMID 7190512) Human fetal lung in vitro has the competence to self-differentiate, as early as 12 weeks gestation and presence of high levels in fetal lung of the inactive metabolite 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE2 relative to PGE2 suggests that active prostaglandin catabolism may be one of the mechanisms to retard this stage of maturation in vivo by limiting PGE2 availability. (PMID 8835315)Dinoprostone is a naturally occurring prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and the most common and most biologically active of the mammalian prostaglandins. It has important effects in labour and also stimulates osteoblasts to release factors which stimulate bone resorption by osteoclasts (a type of bone cell that removes bone tissue by removing the bones mineralized matrix). PGE2 has been shown to increase vasodilation and cAMP production, to enhance the effects of bradykinin and histamine, to induce uterine contractions and to activate platelet aggregation. PGE2 is also responsible for maintaining the open passageway of the fetal ductus arteriosus; decreasing T-cell proliferation and lymphocyte migration and activating the secretion of IL-1alpha and IL-2. PGE2 exhibits both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects, particularly on dendritic cells (DC). Depending on the nature of maturation signals, PGE2 has different and sometimes opposite effects on DC biology. PGE2 exerts an inhibitory action, reducing the maturation of DC and their ability to present antigen. PGE2 has also been shown to stimulate DC and promote IL-12 production when given in combination with TNF-alpha. PGE2 is an environmentally bioactive substance. Its action is prolonged and sustained by other factors especially IL-10. It modulates the activities of professional DC by acting on their differentiation, maturation and their ability to secrete cytokines. PGE2 is a potent inducer of IL-10 in bone marrow-derived DC (BM-DC), and PGE2-induced IL-10 is a key regulator of the BM-DC pro-inflammatory phenotype. (PMID: 16978535)Prostaglandins are eicosanoids. The eicosanoids consist of the prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs), leukotrienes (LTs), and lipoxins (LXs). The PGs and TXs are collectively identified as prostanoids. Prostaglandins were originally shown to be synthesized in the prostate gland, thromboxanes from platelets (thrombocytes), and leukotrienes from leukocytes, hence the derivation of their names. All mammalian cells except erythrocytes synthesize eicosanoids. These molecules are extremely potent, able to cause profound physiological effects at very dilute concentrations. All eicosanoids function locally at the site of synthesis, through receptor-mediated G-protein linked signalling pathways. 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE2 is one of the prostaglandin E2 metabolites. (PMID 7190512) Human fetal lung in vitro has the competence to self-differentiate, as early as 12 weeks gestation and presence of high levels in fetal lung of the inactive metabolite 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE2 relative to PGE2 suggests that active prostaglandin catabolism may be one of the mechanisms to retard this stage of maturation in vivo by limiting PGE2 availability. (PMID 8835315)
13,14-Dihydro-15-keto-PGD2
13,14-dihydro-15-keto Prostaglandin D2 (13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGD2), (CAS 59894-07-4), is a metabolite of PGD2 which is formed through the 15-hydroxy PGDH pathway. 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGD2 was recently identified as a selective agonist for the CRTH2/DP2 receptor. It also inhibits ion flux in a canine colonic mucosa preparation. In humans, 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGD2 is further metabolized to give 11β-hydroxy compounds which have also undergone β-oxidation of one or both side chains. Virtually no 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGD2 survives intact in the urine. (http://www.caymanchem.com)
bicyclo-PGE2
bicyclo Prostaglandin E2 (bicyclo-PGE2) is a stable breakdown product of PGE2 and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGE2. Bicyclo PGE2 is a stable, base-catalyzed transformation product of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGE2. 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGE2 itself is a metabolite of PGE2 found in human plasma at a median level of 20-25 pg/ml. Due to the inherent instability of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGE2, it is advisable to quantify it as bicyclo PGE2 to estimate PGE2 biosynthesis or metabolism in vivo. (http://bioreagent.bertinpharma.com/)
20-Hydroxy-PGE2
20-hydroxy PGE2 is a product of cytochrome P450 metabolism of PGE2. ω-Oxidation at C-20 followed by beta-oxidation and the loss of up to 4 carbons from the lower side chain is a prominent metabolic pathway for PGE2. 20-hydroxy PGE2 is the putative first intermediate in this chain of chemical transformations. -- www.caymanchem.com. Dinoprostone is a naturally occurring prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and the most common and most biologically active of the mammalian prostaglandins. It has important effects in labour and also stimulates osteoblasts to release factors which stimulate bone resorption by osteoclasts (a type of bone cell that removes bone tissue by removing the bones mineralized matrix). PGE2 has been shown to increase vasodilation and cAMP production, to enhance the effects of bradykinin and histamine, to induce uterine contractions and to activate platelet aggregation. PGE2 is also responsible for maintaining the open passageway of the fetal ductus arteriosus; decreasing T-cell proliferation and lymphocyte migration and activating the secretion of IL-1alpha and IL-2. PGE2 exhibits both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects, particularly on dendritic cells (DC). Depending on the nature of maturation signals, PGE2 has different and sometimes opposite effects on DC biology. PGE2 exerts an inhibitory action, reducing the maturation of DC and their ability to present antigen. PGE2 has also been shown to stimulate DC and promote IL-12 production when given in combination with TNF-alpha. PGE2 is an environmentally bioactive substance. Its action is prolonged and sustained by other factors especially IL-10. It modulates the activities of professional DC by acting on their differentiation, maturation and their ability to secrete cytokines. PGE2 is a potent inducer of IL-10 in bone marrow-derived DC (BM-DC), and PGE2-induced IL-10 is a key regulator of the BM-DC pro-inflammatory phenotype. (PMID: 16978535)Prostaglandins are eicosanoids. The eicosanoids consist of the prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs), leukotrienes (LTs), and lipoxins (LXs). The PGs and TXs are collectively identified as prostanoids. Prostaglandins were originally shown to be synthesized in the prostate gland, thromboxanes from platelets (thrombocytes), and leukotrienes from leukocytes, hence the derivation of their names. All mammalian cells except erythrocytes synthesize eicosanoids. These molecules are extremely potent, able to cause profound physiological effects at very dilute concentrations. All eicosanoids function locally at the site of synthesis, through receptor-mediated G-protein linked signalling pathways. 20-hydroxy PGE2 is a product of cytochrome P450 metabolism of PGE2.1 2 ω-Oxidation at C-20 followed by beta-oxidation and the loss of up to 4 carbons from the lower side chain is a prominent metabolic pathway for PGE2. 20-hydroxy PGE2 is the putative first intermediate in this chain of chemical transformations. -- www.caymanchem.com
15-keto-PGF1alpha
15-keto-PGF1 alpha (15-keto Prostaglandin F1 alpha), CAS 21562-58-3, is the initial metabolite of PGF1 alpha via 15-hydroxy PGDH. In mammals, oxidation of C-15 markedly attenuates receptor binding and activity. In fish, the 15-keto compounds serve as post-ovulatory pheromones and are more active than the parent prostaglandins. (http://www.caymanchem.com)
13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2alpha
A prostaglandin Falpha obtained by formal oxidation of the 15-hydroxy group and hydrogenation of the 13,14-double bond of prostaglandin F2alpha.
16-phenyl-tetranor-PGE2
20-hydroxy-PGE2
13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGD2
bicyclo-PGE2
Carboprost
G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G02 - Other gynecologicals > G02A - Uterotonics > G02AD - Prostaglandins D012102 - Reproductive Control Agents > D000019 - Abortifacient Agents D012102 - Reproductive Control Agents > D010120 - Oxytocics C78568 - Prostaglandin Analogue
11-deoxy-16,16-dimethyl-PGE2
Lubiprostone
A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A06 - Drugs for constipation > A06A - Drugs for constipation D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators > D065101 - Chloride Channel Agonists C78568 - Prostaglandin Analogue
