Chlorhexidine (BioDeep_00000001864)

 

Secondary id: BioDeep_00001867645

human metabolite blood metabolite Chemicals and Drugs


代谢物信息卡片


N-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-3-(6-{N-[3-(4-chlorophenyl)carbamimidamidomethanimidoyl]amino}hexyl)carbamimidamidomethanimidamide

化学式: C22H30Cl2N10 (504.2032)
中文名称: 氯己定
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 Homo sapiens(COVID-19)(blood) 42.61%

分子结构信息

SMILES: C(CCCNC(=N)NC(=N)Nc1ccc(cc1)Cl)CCNC(=N)NC(=N)Nc1ccc(cc1)Cl
InChI: InChI=1S/C22H30Cl2N10/c23-15-5-9-17(10-6-15)31-21(27)33-19(25)29-13-3-1-2-4-14-30-20(26)34-22(28)32-18-11-7-16(24)8-12-18/h5-12H,1-4,13-14H2,(H5,25,27,29,31,33)(H5,26,28,30,32,34)

描述信息

Chlorhexidine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque. [PubChem]Chlorhexidines antimicrobial effects are associated with the attractions between chlorhexidine (cation) and negatively charged bacterial cells. After chlorhexidine is absorpted onto the organisms cell wall, it disrupts the integrity of the cell membrane and causes the leakage of intracellular components of the organisms.
A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A01 - Stomatological preparations > A01A - Stomatological preparations > A01AB - Antiinfectives and antiseptics for local oral treatment
B - Blood and blood forming organs > B05 - Blood substitutes and perfusion solutions > B05C - Irrigating solutions > B05CA - Antiinfectives
D - Dermatologicals > D08 - Antiseptics and disinfectants > D08A - Antiseptics and disinfectants > D08AC - Biguanides and amidines
D - Dermatologicals > D09 - Medicated dressings > D09A - Medicated dressings > D09AA - Medicated dressings with antiinfectives
S - Sensory organs > S03 - Ophthalmological and otological preparations > S03A - Antiinfectives > S03AA - Antiinfectives
R - Respiratory system > R02 - Throat preparations > R02A - Throat preparations > R02AA - Antiseptics
S - Sensory organs > S02 - Otologicals > S02A - Antiinfectives > S02AA - Antiinfectives
S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01A - Antiinfectives
C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C28394 - Topical Anti-Infective Agent
D007004 - Hypoglycemic Agents > D001645 - Biguanides
D003358 - Cosmetics > D009067 - Mouthwashes
D001697 - Biomedical and Dental Materials
D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents
D004202 - Disinfectants

同义名列表

9 个代谢物同义名

N-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-3-(6-{N-[3-(4-chlorophenyl)carbamimidamidomethanimidoyl]amino}hexyl)carbamimidamidomethanimidamide; N,N-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediimidamide; 1,1-Hexamethylene bis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide); Chlorhexidine Base; Merfen-incolore; Chlorhexidine; Cloresidina; Dentisept; Chlorhexidine



数据库引用编号

21 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

PlantCyc(0)

代谢反应

0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(0)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

1 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。

亚细胞结构定位 关联基因列表
Cytoplasm 4 ALB, CAT, SPINT1, VEGFA
Nucleus 2 ALB, VEGFA
cytosol 2 ALB, CAT
centrosome 1 ALB
Cell membrane 4 MAG, NTM, SPINT1, TNF
cell surface 2 TNF, VEGFA
Golgi apparatus 2 ALB, VEGFA
neuronal cell body 1 TNF
plasma membrane 7 CSF2, IGHE, INSRR, MAG, NTM, SPINT1, TNF
Membrane 6 CAT, HGF, INSRR, MAG, SPINT1, VEGFA
axon 2 CCK, INSRR
extracellular exosome 5 ALB, BMP3, CAT, LYZ, SPINT1
endoplasmic reticulum 2 ALB, VEGFA
extracellular space 16 ALB, BMP3, CCK, CRP, CSF2, CXCL8, HGF, IGHE, IL10, IL17A, IL4, IL6, LYZ, SPINT1, TNF, VEGFA
adherens junction 1 VEGFA
mitochondrion 1 CAT
protein-containing complex 2 ALB, CAT
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle 2 CAT, CSF2
Single-pass type I membrane protein 3 IGHE, INSRR, MAG
Secreted 12 ALB, BMP3, CCK, CRP, CSF2, CXCL8, IL10, IL17A, IL4, IL6, SPINT1, VEGFA
extracellular region 18 ALB, BMP3, CAT, CCK, CRP, CSF2, CXCL8, HGF, IGHE, IL10, IL17A, IL4, IL6, LYZ, NTM, SPINT1, TNF, VEGFA
Single-pass membrane protein 1 MAG
mitochondrial matrix 1 CAT
anchoring junction 1 ALB
external side of plasma membrane 2 IL17A, TNF
Secreted, extracellular space, extracellular matrix 1 VEGFA
recycling endosome 1 TNF
Single-pass type II membrane protein 1 TNF
Membrane raft 2 MAG, TNF
focal adhesion 1 CAT
extracellular matrix 1 VEGFA
Peroxisome 1 CAT
Peroxisome matrix 1 CAT
peroxisomal matrix 1 CAT
peroxisomal membrane 1 CAT
secretory granule 1 VEGFA
receptor complex 1 INSRR
ciliary basal body 1 ALB
IgE immunoglobulin complex 1 IGHE
phagocytic cup 1 TNF
centriole 1 ALB
spindle pole 1 ALB
blood microparticle 1 ALB
Lipid-anchor, GPI-anchor 1 NTM
[Isoform 2]: Cell membrane 1 IGHE
side of membrane 1 NTM
myelin sheath 1 MAG
ficolin-1-rich granule lumen 1 CAT
secretory granule lumen 1 CAT
endoplasmic reticulum lumen 2 ALB, IL6
platelet alpha granule lumen 3 ALB, HGF, VEGFA
specific granule lumen 1 LYZ
tertiary granule lumen 1 LYZ
paranode region of axon 1 MAG
Schmidt-Lanterman incisure 1 MAG
azurophil granule lumen 1 LYZ
granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor complex 1 CSF2
[Isoform 3]: Cell membrane 1 IGHE
[Tumor necrosis factor, soluble form]: Secreted 1 TNF
[Isoform 1]: Secreted 1 IGHE
IgE B cell receptor complex 1 IGHE
immunoglobulin complex, circulating 1 IGHE
compact myelin 1 MAG
catalase complex 1 CAT
interleukin-6 receptor complex 1 IL6
insulin receptor complex 1 INSRR
myelin sheath adaxonal region 1 MAG
[N-VEGF]: Cytoplasm 1 VEGFA
[VEGFA]: Secreted 1 VEGFA
[Isoform L-VEGF189]: Endoplasmic reticulum 1 VEGFA
[Isoform VEGF121]: Secreted 1 VEGFA
[Isoform VEGF165]: Secreted 1 VEGFA
VEGF-A complex 1 VEGFA
mesaxon 1 MAG
ciliary transition fiber 1 ALB
[C-domain 2]: Secreted 1 TNF
[Tumor necrosis factor, membrane form]: Membrane 1 TNF
[C-domain 1]: Secreted 1 TNF


文献列表

  • Shilpa Gunjal, Deepak Gowda Sadashivappa Pateel. Comparative effectiveness of Propolis with chlorhexidine mouthwash on gingivitis - a randomized controlled clinical study. BMC complementary medicine and therapies. 2024 Apr; 24(1):154. doi: 10.1186/s12906-024-04456-8. [PMID: 38582863]
  • Romério Alves Silva, Benise Ferreira da Silva, Mainara Saraiva Pereira, Paulo Adenes Teixeira Coelho, Renata Albuquerque Costa, Andrey Carvalho Chaves, Isaac Goes Neto Silva, Victor Alves Carneiro. Combinatorial effects between aromatic plant compounds and chlorhexidine digluconate against canine otitis-related Staphylococcus spp. Research in veterinary science. 2024 Apr; 170(?):105182. doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105182. [PMID: 38377791]
  • Wendan He, He Liu, Zhejun Wang, Franklin R Tay, Ya Shen. The dynamics of bacterial proliferation, viability, and extracellular polymeric substances in oral biofilm development. Journal of dentistry. 2024 Apr; 143(?):104882. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104882. [PMID: 38331378]
  • Ramanarayana Boyapati, Jyothirmayee Peeta, Ravindranath Dhulipalla, Lakshmikanth Kolaparthy, Chaitanya Adurty, Ramya Naga Shivani Cheruvu. Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of probiotic, Aloe vera, povidine-iodine, and chlorhexidine mouthwashes in the treatment of gingival inflammation: A randomized controlled trial. Dental and medical problems. 2024 Mar; 61(2):181-190. doi: 10.17219/dmp/156425. [PMID: 38652926]
  • Yangyang Yin, Yuqi Yang, Yongqiang Zhang, Yu Shang, Qian Li, Jing Yuan. MiR-132-3p suppresses peritoneal fibrosis induced by peritoneal dialysis via targeting TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway. PloS one. 2024; 19(4):e0301540. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301540. [PMID: 38603722]
  • Meekha Peter, Hema Kanathila, Mahantesh Bembalagi, Varkey Nadakkavukaran Santhosh, Rhea Vas, Suvidha Patil, Treasa Richa Roy, Mibin Monsy, Bala Nikhitha Gopu, Shreya Chindak. An In Vitro Comparative Evaluation of Conventional and Novel Thymus vulgaris Derived Herbal Disinfectant Solutions against Pathogenic Biofilm on Maxillofacial Silicones and Its Impact on Color Stability. The journal of contemporary dental practice. 2023 Dec; 24(12):967-973. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3602. [PMID: 38317394]
  • Vaishnavi Senkalvarayan, Priya Kesavan, Jayachandran Dorairaj, R Madhumala, Saranyan Ravi, Ann Theresa Tomy. Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy of Herbal and Chlorhexidine Mouthwash on Gingival Health. Indian journal of dental research : official publication of Indian Society for Dental Research. 2023 Oct; 34(4):401-404. doi: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_293_22. [PMID: 38739820]
  • Dicle Altındal, Kübra Ceran Deveci, Ayşe Gül Öner Talmaç, Ahmet Cemil Talmaç, Metin Çalışır. Effects of thyme on halitosis in gingivitis patients: Can thyme mouthwash prevent halitosis-A randomized trial. International journal of dental hygiene. 2023 May; 21(2):426-432. doi: 10.1111/idh.12672. [PMID: 36760146]
  • Maryam Torshabi, Zahra MoadabShoar, Maryam Negahban. Preparation of Citrus reticulata peel nano-encapsulated essential oil and in vitro assessment of its biological properties. European journal of oral sciences. 2023 04; 131(2):e12924. doi: 10.1111/eos.12924. [PMID: 36794558]
  • Zhibin Liang, Qiqi Lin, Qingwei Wang, Luhao Huang, Huidi Liu, Zurong Shi, Zining Cui, Xiaofan Zhou, Yong-Gui Gao, Jianuan Zhou, Lian-Hui Zhang, Yizhen Deng. Gram-negative bacteria resist antimicrobial agents by a DzrR-mediated envelope stress response. BMC biology. 2023 03; 21(1):62. doi: 10.1186/s12915-023-01565-7. [PMID: 36978084]
  • Fara Azwin Adam, Nurulhuda Mohd, Haslina Rani, Mohd Yusmiaidil Putera Mohd Yusof, Badiah Baharin. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the comparative effectiveness of Salvadora persica - extract mouthwash with chlorhexidine gluconate in periodontal health. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2023 Feb; 302(Pt A):115863. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115863. [PMID: 36283639]
  • Carlos M Ardila, Jader Alexander Bedoya-García. Bacterial resistance to antiseptics used in dentistry: A systematic scoping review of randomized clinical trials. International journal of dental hygiene. 2023 Feb; 21(1):141-148. doi: 10.1111/idh.12629. [PMID: 36269218]
  • Ana Luiza do Rosário Palma, Pamela Beatriz do Rosário Estevam Dos Santos, Thais Cristine Pereira, Maria Cristina Marcucci, Alexandra Cristina Helena Frankland Sawaya, Luciane Dias de Oliveira. Effects of Calendula officinalis and Capsicum annum glycolic extracts on planktonic cells and biofilms of multidrug-resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biofouling. 2023 02; 39(2):145-156. doi: 10.1080/08927014.2023.2192406. [PMID: 36971265]
  • Wirada Wanicharat, Phenphichar Wanachantararak, Worrapan Poomanee, Pimporn Leelapornpisid, Warat Leelapornpisid. Potential of Bouea macrophylla kernel extract as an intracanal medicament against mixed-species bacterial-fungal biofilm. An in vitro and ex vivo study. Archives of oral biology. 2022 Nov; 143(?):105539. doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105539. [PMID: 36148767]
  • Mengying Xia, Niya Zhuo, Shirui Ren, Hongyu Zhang, Yingming Yang, Lei Lei, Tao Hu. Enterococcus faecalis rnc gene modulates its susceptibility to disinfection agents: a novel approach against biofilm. BMC oral health. 2022 09; 22(1):416. doi: 10.1186/s12903-022-02462-1. [PMID: 36127648]
  • Ana Valéria de Oliveira Braz, Mariana Carvalho Rodrigues, Philippe Alencar Araújo Maia, Ana Paula Dantas Pereira, Jussara de Lima Silva, Francisco Antonio Vieira Dos Santos, Luiz Everson da Silva, Wanderley do Amaral, Maura Lins Dos Santos, Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho, Tomasz Baj, Grażyna Kowalska, Radosław Kowalski, Edinardo Fagner Ferreira Matias. GC-MS Chemical Characterization and Antibacterial Effect of the Essential oil of Piper mosenii. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2022 Sep; 27(18):. doi: 10.3390/molecules27185911. [PMID: 36144647]
  • Shahabe Saquib Abullais, Sabiha Ilyas Patel, Elyas Ali Asiri, Adel Ali Ahmed Jathmi, Afnan Hassan Alkhayri, Yosra Mohammed Mousa, Atheer Abdulhade Ganem, Khurshid A Mattoo. Comparative Evaluation of 3 Commercial Mouthwash Formulations on Clinical Parameters of Chronic Gingivitis. Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research. 2022 Sep; 28(?):e937111. doi: 10.12659/msm.937111. [PMID: 36050872]
  • J Anderson, R B Fulton, J Li, I Cheng, S L Fernando. Evaluation of chlorhexidine sensitization amongst healthcare workers. Occupational medicine (Oxford, England). 2022 Jul; 72(5):343-346. doi: 10.1093/occmed/kqac038. [PMID: 35639558]
  • Salika Ayesha, Anuj Bhargava, Aju K Philip, George Sam, Deesha Kumari, Pradeep Philip George. Comparison of the Antimicrobial Activity of Aloevera Mouthwash with Chlorhexidine Mouthwash in Fixed Orthodontic Patients. The journal of contemporary dental practice. 2022 Jul; 23(7):743-748. doi: ". [PMID: 36440523]
  • Stijn Blot, Etienne Ruppé, Stephan Harbarth, Karim Asehnoune, Garyphalia Poulakou, Charles-Edouard Luyt, Jordi Rello, Michael Klompas, Pieter Depuydt, Christian Eckmann, Ignacio Martin-Loeches, Pedro Povoa, Lila Bouadma, Jean-Francois Timsit, Jean-Ralph Zahar. Healthcare-associated infections in adult intensive care unit patients: Changes in epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention and contributions of new technologies. Intensive & critical care nursing. 2022 Jun; 70(?):103227. doi: 10.1016/j.iccn.2022.103227. [PMID: 35249794]
  • Shahla Kakoei, Nahid Karbasi, Mahboobeh Raeiszadeh, Haleh Tajadini, Amir H Nekouei. The efficacy of henna (Lawsonia inermis L.) mouthwash versus chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2\% mouthwash as adjuvant therapy of oral lichen planus: A randomized double-blind clinical trial. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2022 May; 290(?):115037. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115037. [PMID: 35134489]
  • Sima Kiani, Reza Birang, Niloofar Jamshidian. Effect of Propolis mouthwash on clinical periodontal parameters in patients with gingivitis: A double-blinded randomized clinical trial. International journal of dental hygiene. 2022 May; 20(2):434-440. doi: 10.1111/idh.12550. [PMID: 34431213]
  • Leny Heliawati, Seftiana Lestari, Uswatun Hasanah, Dwipa Ajiati, Dikdik Kurnia. Phytochemical Profile of Antibacterial Agents from Red Betel Leaf (Piper crocatum Ruiz and Pav) against Bacteria in Dental Caries. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2022 Apr; 27(9):. doi: 10.3390/molecules27092861. [PMID: 35566225]
  • Jared Gursanscky, Sharon Klim, David Krieser, Andrew Tagg, Jonathan Kaufman. Chlorhexidine skin cleaning to reduce clean-catch urine contamination in infants: A pilot study. Emergency medicine Australasia : EMA. 2022 Apr; 34(2):282-284. doi: 10.1111/1742-6723.13913. [PMID: 35021267]
  • Aida Mehdipour, Azita Ehsani, Nasrin Samadi, Marzieh Ehsani, Negar Sharifinejad. The antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects of three herbal extracts on Streptococcus mutans compared with Chlorhexidine 0.2\% (in vitro study). Journal of medicine and life. 2022 Apr; 15(4):526-532. doi: 10.25122/jml-2021-0189. [PMID: 35646170]
  • Matheus Dos Santos Fernandez, Maria Izabel Florindo Guedes, Gerson Pedro José Langa, Cassiano Kuchenbecker Rösing, Juliano Cavagni, Francisco Wilker Mustafa Gomes Muniz. Virucidal efficacy of chlorhexidine: a systematic review. Odontology. 2022 Apr; 110(2):376-392. doi: 10.1007/s10266-021-00660-x. [PMID: 34637092]
  • Rowan Watson, Morwenna Oldfield, Jack A Bryant, Lily Riordan, Harriet J Hill, Julie A Watts, Morgan R Alexander, Michael J Cox, Zania Stamataki, David J Scurr, Felicity de Cogan. Efficacy of antimicrobial and anti-viral coated air filters to prevent the spread of airborne pathogens. Scientific reports. 2022 03; 12(1):2803. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-06579-9. [PMID: 35264599]
  • Vinoo Subramanaiam Ramachandran, Mensudar Rathakrishnan, Malathy Balaraman Ravindrran, Venkatesh Alagarsamy. Comparative Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Effect of Mangosteen, Triphala, Chitosan, and 2\% Chlorhexidine on Mono- and Dual-Species Biofilms of - and Candida albicans: An in Vitro Study. European endodontic journal. 2022 03; 7(1):58-66. doi: 10.14744/eej.2021.70783. [PMID: 35353063]
  • Hiro Inoue, Kenta Torigoe, Miki Torigoe, Kumiko Muta, Yoko Obata, Takehiro Suzuki, Chitose Suzuki, Takaaki Abe, Takehiko Koji, Hiroshi Mukae, Tomoya Nishino. Mitochonic acid-5 ameliorates chlorhexidine gluconate-induced peritoneal fibrosis in mice. Medical molecular morphology. 2022 Mar; 55(1):27-40. doi: 10.1007/s00795-021-00305-6. [PMID: 34622315]
  • Tae-Hyun Lee, Jae-Eun Hyun, Yeong-Hun Kang, Seung-Joon Baek, Cheol-Yong Hwang. In vitro antifungal activity of cold atmospheric microwave plasma and synergistic activity against Malassezia pachydermatis when combined with chlorhexidine gluconate. Veterinary medicine and science. 2022 03; 8(2):524-529. doi: 10.1002/vms3.719. [PMID: 35089639]
  • Livia Barenghi, Alberto Barenghi, Umberto Garagiola, Aldo Bruno Giannì, Francesco Spadari. Recent evidence sustains the use of chlorhexidine-based mouthwash for dental patients during the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic. American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics. 2022 03; 161(3):322-323. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.08.017. [PMID: 35184842]
  • Ahmet Koluman, Alper Aktaş, Selen Adiloğlu. Antimicrobial activities of Ankaferd BloodStopper, hypochlorous acid, and chlorhexidine against specific organisms. Turkish journal of medical sciences. 2022 Feb; 52(1):276-278. doi: 10.3906/sag-2107-24. [PMID: 34688239]
  • Amal Adnan Ashour, Sakeenabi Basha, Nayef H Felemban, Enas T Enan, Amal Ahmed Alyamani, Sanaa M F Gad El-Rab. Antimicrobial Efficacy of Glass Ionomer Cement in Incorporation with Biogenic Zingiber officinale Capped Silver-Nanobiotic, Chlorhexidine Diacetate and Lyophilized Miswak. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2022 Jan; 27(2):. doi: 10.3390/molecules27020528. [PMID: 35056835]
  • Jia Neng Tan, Yi Da, Sabrina Haroon, Titus Lau. Chlorhexidine - a commonly used but often neglected culprit of dialysis associated anaphylactic reactions (case report). BMC nephrology. 2022 01; 23(1):18. doi: 10.1186/s12882-021-02646-x. [PMID: 34991509]
  • Abdullah A Alajlan, Lenah E Mukhtar, Adnan S Almussallam, Abdullah M Alnuqaydan, Nasser S Albakiri, Turki F Almutari, Khalid M Bin Shehail, Fahad S Aldawsari, Sulaiman M Alajel. Assessment of disinfectant efficacy in reducing microbial growth. PloS one. 2022; 17(6):e0269850. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269850. [PMID: 35759454]
  • Fengwei Zhang, Peilin Yang, Yilin Chen, Ruirui Wang, Baocheng Liu, Jianying Wang, Min Yuan, Lei Zhang. Bibliometric and visual analysis of fecal microbiota transplantation research from 2012 to 2021. Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology. 2022; 12(?):1057492. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1057492. [PMID: 36439220]
  • Zahra Ebrahiminik, Mohamad Zanganeh, Behzad Salari, Narges Fadaee, Mostafa Mirshahpanah. In vitro comparison of the tensile strength of elastomeric ligatures exposed to Povidone Iodine 1\%, Chlorhexidine 0.02\%, and hydrogen peroxide 5. International orthodontics. 2021 12; 19(4):685-688. doi: 10.1016/j.ortho.2021.09.009. [PMID: 34688569]
  • Ryan Houston, Yusuke Sekine, Mads B Larsen, Kei Murakami, Steven J Mullett, Stacy G Wendell, Derek P Narendra, Bill B Chen, Shiori Sekine. Discovery of bactericides as an acute mitochondrial membrane damage inducer. Molecular biology of the cell. 2021 11; 32(21):ar32. doi: 10.1091/mbc.e21-04-0191. [PMID: 34495738]
  • Akash Sharma, Srikant Kulkarni, Anu Thukral, M Jeeva Sankar, Ramesh Agarwal, A K Deorari, Sarita Mohapatra, Thirumurthy Velpandian, Minu Bajpai. Aqueous chlorhexidine 1\% versus 2\% for neonatal skin antisepsis: a randomised non-inferiority trial. Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition. 2021 Nov; 106(6):643-648. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2020-321174. [PMID: 34108192]
  • Supanat Lumbikananda, Thanaporn Sriwantana, Krit Rattanawonsakul, Tipparat Parakaw, Chareerut Phruksaniyom, Kanyawat Rattanasuwan, Pornpun Vivithanaporn, Charoensri Thonabulsombat, Nathawut Sibmooh, Sirada Srihirun. Nitrite in paraffin-stimulated saliva correlates with blood nitrite. Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry. 2021 11; 116(?):1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.niox.2021.08.002. [PMID: 34371196]
  • Vunjia Tiong, Pouya Hassandarvish, Sazaly Abu Bakar, Nurul Azmawati Mohamed, Wan Shahida Wan Sulaiman, Nizam Baharom, Farishah Nur Abdul Samad, Ilina Isahak. The effectiveness of various gargle formulations and salt water against SARS-CoV-2. Scientific reports. 2021 10; 11(1):20502. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-99866-w. [PMID: 34654867]
  • Rose I M Batista, Renato C Nogueira, Graziele C Ferreira, Gustavo H Oliveira-Paula, Célio Damacena-Angelis, Lucas C Pinheiro, Jose E Tanus-Santos. Antiseptic mouthwash inhibits antihypertensive and vascular protective effects of L-arginine. European journal of pharmacology. 2021 Sep; 907(?):174314. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174314. [PMID: 34245745]
  • Meghana Ajay Deshpande, Sudhindra Baliga, Nilima Thosar, Nilesh Rathi, Shriramji Jyothishi, Pranjali Vilas Deulkar, Sphurti Pramod Bane. Evaluation of antibacterial efficacy of Triphala toothwipes on oral Streptococcus mutans count in intellectually disabled children. Special care in dentistry : official publication of the American Association of Hospital Dentists, the Academy of Dentistry for the Handicapped, and the American Society for Geriatric Dentistry. 2021 Sep; 41(5):619-625. doi: 10.1111/scd.12597. [PMID: 33852738]
  • Rola Elzein, Fadi Abdel-Sater, Soha Fakhreddine, Pierre Abi Hanna, Rita Feghali, Hassan Hamad, Fouad Ayoub. In vivo evaluation of the virucidal efficacy of chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine mouthwashes against salivary SARS-CoV-2. A randomized-controlled clinical trial. The journal of evidence-based dental practice. 2021 09; 21(3):101584. doi: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2021.101584. [PMID: 34479668]
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