NCBI Taxonomy: 80999
Homoscleromorpha (ncbi_taxid: 80999)
found 500 associated metabolites at class taxonomy rank level.
Ancestor: Porifera
Child Taxonomies: Homosclerophorida
cis,cis-Muconic acid
cis-cis-Muconic acid is a presumptive metabolite of benzene. Muconic acid was first isolated from the urine of rabbits and dogs in 1909 (M. Jaffe, Z Physiol Chem 62:58-67). It was originally thought that if muconic acid was formed by the opening of the benzene ring in vivo then the cis-cis isomer should be the initial (and primary) product. However subsequent studies conducted in the 1950s proved that trans-trans-muconic acid is a true metabolite of benzene in mammals (Parke DV, Williams RT. Biochem J 51:339-348 (1952)). Furthermore, dosing rabbits with phenol or catechol also resulted in the urinary excretion of trans-trans-muconic acid. The oxidative ring opening of benzene first gives rise to cis-cis-muconaldehyde, which then isomerizes to cis-trans- and trans-trans-muconaldehyde; the latter is oxidized in vivo to trans-trans-muconic acid. Isomerization of the trans-trans form may take place in vivo to yield small amounts if the cis-cis and cis-trans form of muconic acid. cis-cis-Muconic acid may also be generated from microbial fermentation of benzoic acid. Certain strains of arthobacter are particularly efficient at this process. cis-cis-Muconic acid can also be found in Pseudomonas and Escherichia coli (https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00250491) (PMID:26360870). Cis-cis-muconic acid is a presumptive metabolite of benzene. Muconic acid was first isolated from the urine of rabbits and dogs in 1909 ( M. Jaffe, Z Physiol Chem 62:58-67). It was originally thought that if muconic acid were formed by opening of the benzene ring in vivo then the cis-cis isomer should be the initial (and primary) product. However subsequent studies conducted in the 1950s proved that trans-trans-muconic acid is a true metabolite of benzene in mammals (Parke DV, Williams RT. Biochem J 51:339-348 (1952)). Furthermore, dosing rabbits with phenol or catechol also resulted in the urinary excretion of trans-trans-muconic acid. The oxidative ring opening of benzene first gives rise to cis-cis-muconaldehyde, which then isomerizes to cis-trans- and trans-trans-muconaldehyde; the latter is oxidized in vivo to trans-trans-muconic acid. Isomerization of the trans-trans form may take place in vivo to yield small amounts if the cis-cis and cis-trans form of muconic acid. Cis-cis muconic acid may also be generated from microbial fermentation of benzoic acid. Certain strains of arthobacter are particularly efficient at this process. [HMDB] KEIO_ID M105 cis,cis-Muconic acid, a metabolic intermediate of Klebsiella pneumonia, can be converted to adipic acid and terephthalic acid, which are important monomers of synthetic polymers. cis,cis-Muconic acid is also a biochemical material that can be used for the production of various plastics and polymers and is particularly gaining attention as an adipic acid precursor for the synthesis of nylon-6,6[1][2].
Isovaleric acid
Isovaleric acid, is a natural fatty acid found in a wide variety of plants and essential oils. Isovaleric acid is clear colorless liquid that is sparingly soluble in water, but well soluble in most common organic solvents. It has been suggested that isovaleric acid from pilot whales, a species frequently consumed in the Faroe Islands, may be the unusual dietary factor in prolonged gestation in the population of the Faroe Islands. Previous studies suggested that was due to the high intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids has been, but fatty acid data for eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexanoic acid (DHA) in blood lipids of Faroese and Norwegians was reviewed in terms of the type of fish eaten (mostly lean white fish with DHA much greater than EPA); the popular lean fish, thus, probably provides too little EPA to produce a marked effect on human biochemistry (PMID 2646392). Isovaleric acid is found to be associated with isovaleric acidemia, which is an inborn error of metabolism. Flavouring agent. Simple esters are used in flavourings. Constituent of hops, cheese etc.; an important component of cheese aroma and flavour CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 152 KEIO_ID I018 Isovaleric acid is a natural fatty acid and known to effect on neonatal death and possible Jamaican vomiting sickness in human. Isovaleric acid is a natural fatty acid and known to effect on neonatal death and possible Jamaican vomiting sickness in human.
Tridecane
Tridecane appears as an oily straw yellow clear liquid with a hydrocarbon odor. Flash point 190-196 °F. Specific gravity 0.76. Boiling point 456 °F. Repeated or prolonged skin contact may irritate or redden skin, progressing to dermatitis. Exposure to high concentrations of vapor may result in headache and stupor. Tridecane is a straight chain alkane containing 13 carbon atoms. It forms a component of the essential oils isolated from plants such as Abelmoschus esculentus. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a volatile oil component. Tridecane is a natural product found in Dryopteris assimilis, Thyanta perditor, and other organisms with data available. Tridecane is an alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)11CH3. Tridecane is found in allspice and it is also isolated from lime oil. It is a light, combustible colourless liquid that is used in the manufacture of paraffin products, the paper processing industry, in jet fuel research and in the rubber industry; furthermore, tridecane is used as a solvent and distillation chaser. n-tridecane is also one of the major chemicals secreted by some insects as a defense against predators. Tridecane has 802 constitutional isomers A straight chain alkane containing 13 carbon atoms. It forms a component of the essential oils isolated from plants such as Abelmoschus esculentus. Isolated from lime oil Tridecane is a short chain aliphatic hydrocarbon containing 13 carbon atoms. Tridecane is an volatile oil component isolated from essential oil of Piper aduncum L. Tridecane is a stress compound released by the brown marmorated stink bugs stress compound[1][2]. Tridecane is a short chain aliphatic hydrocarbon containing 13 carbon atoms. Tridecane is an volatile oil component isolated from essential oil of Piper aduncum L. Tridecane is a stress compound released by the brown marmorated stink bugs stress compound[1][2].
3-Oxoadipic acid
3-Oxoadipic acid is a regularly occurring Adipic dicarboxylic acid human metabolite found occasionally in biofluids of healthy individuals. (PMIDs 8340451, 1769109, 2338430) Increased amounts of 3-Oxoadipic acid are excreted after ingestion of Sebacic acid, supporting the hypothesis that dicarboxylic acids are degraded by ordinary beta-oxidation. (PMID 3220884) [HMDB] 3-Oxoadipic acid is a regularly occurring Adipic dicarboxylic acid human metabolite found occasionally in biofluids of healthy individuals. (PMIDs 8340451, 1769109, 2338430) Increased amounts of 3-Oxoadipic acid are excreted after ingestion of Sebacic acid, supporting the hypothesis that dicarboxylic acids are degraded by ordinary beta-oxidation. (PMID 3220884).
Pentadecane
Pentadecane, also known as ch3-[ch2]13-ch3, is a member of the class of compounds known as alkanes. Alkanes are acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2 , and therefore consisting entirely of hydrogen atoms and saturated carbon atoms. Thus, pentadecane is considered to be a hydrocarbon lipid molecule. Pentadecane is an alkane and waxy tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as dill, papaya, yellow bell pepper, and pepper (c. annuum), which makes pentadecane a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Pentadecane can be found primarily in saliva. Pentadecane is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. Pentadecane is an alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C15H32 . Pentadecane belongs to the family of Acyclic Alkanes. These are acyclic hydrocarbons consisting only of n carbon atoms and m hydrogen atoms where m=2*n + 2
Bacteriohopanetetrol
A hopanoid that is bacteriohopane carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 32, 33, 34 and 35.
3-Acetyl-2,5-dimethylfuran
3-Acetyl-2,5-dimethylfuran is a flavouring ingredien Flavouring ingredient
Pentanal
Pentanal, also known as N-valeraldehyde or amyl aldehyde, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha-hydro gen aldehydes. These are aldehydes with the general formula HC(H)(R)C(=O)H, where R is an organyl group. Pentanal is a saturated fatty aldehyde composed from five carbons in a straight chain. Thus, pentanal is considered to be a fatty aldehyde lipid molecule. Pentanal is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Pentanal is an almond, berry, and bready tasting compound. Pentanal is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as black walnuts, milk (cow), and carrots and in a lower concentration in corns, tortilla, and safflowers. Pentanal has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as crustaceans, garden tomato, herbs and spices, and guava. This could make pentanal a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Found in olive oil and several essential oilsand is also present in Bantu beer, plum brandy, cardamom, coriander leaf, rice, Bourbon vanilla, clary sage, cooked shrimps, scallops, apple, banana, sweet cherry, blackcurrant and other foods.
Undecane
Undecane, also known as CH3-[CH2]9-CH3 or hendekan, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alkanes. These are acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2 , and therefore consisting entirely of hydrogen atoms and saturated carbon atoms. Thus, undecane is considered to be a hydrocarbon lipid molecule. Undecane may also be used as an internal standard in gas chromatography when working with other hydrocarbons. For example, if one is working with a 50 m crosslinked methyl silicone capillary column with an oven temperature increasing slowly, beginning around 60 °C, an 11-carbon molecule like undecane may be used as an internal standard to be compared with the retention times of other 10-, 11-, or 12- carbon molecules, depending on their structures. Undecane is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. undecane has been detected, but not quantified, in cardamoms. This could make undecane a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Since the boiling point of undecane (196 °C) is well known, it may be used as a comparison for retention times in a gas chromatograph for molecules whose structure has been freshly elucidated. It has 159 isomers. It is used as a mild sex attractant for various types of moths and cockroaches, and an alert signal for a variety of ants. Undecane, also known as ch3-[ch2]9-ch3 or hendekan, is a member of the class of compounds known as alkanes. Alkanes are acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2 , and therefore consisting entirely of hydrogen atoms and saturated carbon atoms. Thus, undecane is considered to be a hydrocarbon lipid molecule. Undecane can be found in cardamom, which makes undecane a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Undecane can be found primarily in feces, saliva, and urine. Undecane may also be used as an internal standard in gas chromatography when working with other hydrocarbons. Since the boiling point of undecane (196 °C) is well known, it may be used as a comparison for retention times in a gas chromatograph for molecules whose structure has been freshly elucidated. For example, if one is working with a 50 m crosslinked methyl silicone capillary column with an oven temperature increasing slowly, beginning around 60 °C, an 11-carbon molecule like undecane may be used as an internal standard to be compared with the retention times of other 10-, 11-, or 12- carbon molecules, depending on their structures .
3-Decanone
3-Decanone is used as a food additive [EAFUS] ("EAFUS: Everything Added to Food in the United States. [http://www.eafus.com/]")
3-Nonanone
3-Nonanone is found in animal foods. 3-Nonanone is a flavouring ingredient. 3-Nonanone is present in banana, passion fruit and cooked bee 3-Nonanone is a flavouring ingredient. It is found in banana, passion fruit and cooked beef.
3-Methylheptane
3-Methylheptane belongs to the class of organic compounds known as branched alkanes. These are acyclic branched hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2. 3-Methylheptane is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Thus, 3-methylheptane is considered to be a hydrocarbon lipid molecule. 3-Methylheptane has been detected, but not quantified, in a few different foods, such as herbs and spices, pulses, and tea. This could make 3-methylheptane a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.
Cortistatin A
seco-plakortolide K
A butan-4-olide that is dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4, a 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-14-phenyltetradecyl group at position 5 and a methyl group at position 5 (the 4R,5R stereoisomer). It is isolated from the Australian marine sponge Plakinastrella clathrata.
plakortolide Q
An organic heterobicyclic compound that is a cyclic peroxy compound isolated from the Australian marine sponge Plakinastrella clathrata.
Cortistatin B
A member of the class of cortistatins that is cortistatin A in which the hydrogen at the 16beta position has been replaced by a hydroxy group.
plakortolide P
An organic heterobicyclic compound that is a cyclic peroxy compound isolated from the Australian marine sponge Plakinastrella clathrata.
spiculoic acid A
A carbobicyclic compound that is 2,3,3a,4,5,7a-hexahydro-1H-indene substituted by ethyl groups at positions 3, 4, 5 and 7, a methyl group at position 1, an oxo group at position 2, a 2-phenylethenyl group at position 5 and a carboxy group at position 4 (the 1R,3R,3aS,4S,5R,7aS stereoisomer). Isolated from Plakortis angulospiculatus, it exhibits cytotoxicity against human breast cancer MCF-7 cells.
plakortolide L
An organic heterobicyclic compound that is a cyclic peroxy compound isolated from the Australian marine sponge Plakinastrella clathrata.
plakortolide N
An organic heterobicyclic compound that is a cyclic peroxy compound isolated from the Australian marine sponge Plakinastrella clathrata.
Lehualide I
A member of the class of 2-pyranones that is 2H-pyran-2-one substituted by methoxy groups at positions 3 and 4, a methyl group at position 5 and a 10-(methylsulfanyl)decyl group at position 6. Isolated from the marine sponge of the genus Plakortis, it exhibits cytotoxicity against human promyeloid leukemic HL-60 cells.
Lehualide H
A member of the class of 2-pyranones that is 2H-pyran-2-one substituted by methoxy groups at positions 3 and 4, a methyl group at position 5 and a 10-(acetylsulfanyl)decyl group at position 6. Isolated from the marine sponge of the genus Plakortis, it exhibits cytotoxicity against human promyeloid leukemic HL-60 cells.
lehualide F
A member of the class of 2-pyranones that is 2H-pyran-2-one substituted by a methoxy group at position 3, a hydroxy group at position 4, a methyl group at position 5 and a (2E)-3-methyl-9-phenylnon-2-en-1-yl group at position 6. Isolated from the marine sponge of the genus Plakortis, it exhibits cytotoxicity against human promyeloid leukemic HL-60 cells.
lehualide G
A member of the class of 2-pyranones that is 2H-pyran-2-one substituted by a methoxy group at position 3, a hydroxy group at position 4, a methyl group at position 5 and a (2E)-3-methyl-11-phenylundec-2-en-1-yl group at position 6. Isolated from the marine sponge of the genus Plakortis, it exhibits cytotoxicity against human promyeloid leukemic HL-60 cells.
plakortolide S
An organic heterobicyclic compound that is a cyclic peroxy compound isolated from the Australian marine sponge Plakinastrella clathrata.
plakortone P
An organic heterobicyclic compound consisting of a gamma-lactone ring fused onto a substituted tetrahydrofuran ring. It is isolated from the Australian marine sponge Plakinastrella clathrata.
Cortistatin C
A member of the class of cortistatins that is cortistatin A in which the hydrogens at position 16 have been replaced by an oxo group.
plakortone L
An organic heterobicyclic compound consisting of a gamma-lactone ring fused onto a substituted tetrahydrofuran ring. It is isolated from the Australian marine sponge Plakinastrella clathrata.
Cortistatin D
A member of the class of cortistatins that is cortistatin C in which the hydrogen at position 17 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.
plakortone N
An organic heterobicyclic compound consisting of a gamma-lactone ring fused onto a substituted tetrahydrofuran ring. It is isolated from the Australian marine sponge Plakinastrella clathrata.
ISOVALERIC ACID
A C5, branched-chain saturated fatty acid. Isovaleric acid is a natural fatty acid and known to effect on neonatal death and possible Jamaican vomiting sickness in human. Isovaleric acid is a natural fatty acid and known to effect on neonatal death and possible Jamaican vomiting sickness in human.
Undecane
Undecane (also known as hendecane) is a liquid alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)9CH3. It is used as a mild sex attractant for various types of moths and cockroaches, and an alert signal for a variety of ants. It has 159 isomers. Undecane is found in many foods, some of which are sweet bay, lime, fenugreek, and allspice.
3-DECANONE
A ketone that is decane in which the methylene hydrogens at position 3 are replaced by an oxo group.
Pentadecane
A straight-chain alkane with 15 carbon atoms. It is a component of volatile oils isolated from plants species like Scandix balansae.
3-Octanone
A dialkyl ketone that is octane in which the two methylene protons at position 3 have been replaced by an oxo group.
Plakortolide K
An organic heterobicyclic compound that is a cyclic peroxy compound isolated from the Australian marine sponge Plakinastrella clathrata.
Plakortolide M
An organic heterobicyclic compound that is a cyclic peroxy compound isolated from the Australian marine sponge Plakinastrella clathrata.
plakortolide R
An organic heterobicyclic compound that is a cyclic peroxy compound isolated from the Australian marine sponge Plakinastrella clathrata.
Plakortolide O
An organic heterobicyclic compound that is a cyclic peroxy compound isolated from the Australian marine sponge Plakinastrella clathrata.
seco-plakortolide L
A butan-4-olide that is dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4, a 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-14-phenyltetradecyl group at position 5 and a methyl group at position 5 (the 4S,5S stereoisomer). It is isolated from the Australian marine sponge Plakinastrella clathrata.
3-Acetyl-2,5-dimethylfuran
A member of the class of furans that is furan substituted by methyl, acetyl and methyl groups at positions 2, 3 and 5, respectively.