NCBI Taxonomy: 76276
Senecio vulgaris (ncbi_taxid: 76276)
found 80 associated metabolites at species taxonomy rank level.
Ancestor: Senecio
Child Taxonomies: Senecio vulgaris subsp. vulgaris, Senecio vulgaris subsp. denticulatus
Senecionine
Senecionine is a pyrrolizidine alkaloid isolated from the plant species of the genus Senecio. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a lactone, a pyrrolizidine alkaloid and a tertiary alcohol. It is functionally related to a senecionan. It is a conjugate base of a senecionine(1+). Senecionine is a natural product found in Dorobaea pimpinellifolia, Crotalaria micans, and other organisms with data available. Senecionine is an organic compound with the chemical formula C18H25NO5. It is classified as a pyrrolizidine alkaloid. See also: Petasites hybridus root (part of); Tussilago farfara flower (part of); Tussilago farfara leaf (part of). A pyrrolizidine alkaloid isolated from the plant species of the genus Senecio. D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents Annotation level-1 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2251 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 122 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 102 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 142 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 152 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 162 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 172 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 132 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 112 [Raw Data] CB082a_Senecionine_pos_40eV_CB000034.txt [Raw Data] CB082a_Senecionine_pos_10eV_CB000034.txt [Raw Data] CB082a_Senecionine_pos_30eV_CB000034.txt [Raw Data] CB082a_Senecionine_pos_20eV_CB000034.txt [Raw Data] CB082a_Senecionine_pos_50eV_CB000034.txt Senecionine (Senecionan-11,16-dione, 12-hydroxy-) is a pyrrolizidine alkaloid could be isolated from Senecio vulgaris. Senecionine decreases the activities of glutathione S-transferase, aminopyrine demethylase and arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH)[1][2][3]. Senecionine (Senecionan-11,16-dione, 12-hydroxy-) is a pyrrolizidine alkaloid could be isolated from Senecio vulgaris. Senecionine decreases the activities of glutathione S-transferase, aminopyrine demethylase and arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH)[1][2][3].
Putrescine
Putrescine is a four-carbon alkane-alpha,omega-diamine. It is obtained by the breakdown of amino acids and is responsible for the foul odour of putrefying flesh. It has a role as a fundamental metabolite and an antioxidant. It is a conjugate base of a 1,4-butanediammonium. Putrescine is a toxic diamine formed by putrefaction from the decarboxylation of arginine and ornithine. Putrescine is a solid. This compound belongs to the polyamines. These are compounds containing more than one amine group. Known drug targets of putrescine include putrescine-binding periplasmic protein, ornithine decarboxylase, and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme. Putrescine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). 1,4-Diaminobutane is a natural product found in Eupatorium cannabinum, Populus tremula, and other organisms with data available. Putrescine is a four carbon diamine produced during tissue decomposition by the decarboxylation of amino acids. Polyamines, including putrescine, may act as growth factors that promote cell division; however, putrescine is toxic at high doses. Putrescine is a uremic toxin. Uremic toxins can be subdivided into three major groups based upon their chemical and physical characteristics: 1) small, water-soluble, non-protein-bound compounds, such as urea; 2) small, lipid-soluble and/or protein-bound compounds, such as the phenols and 3) larger so-called middle-molecules, such as beta2-microglobulin. Chronic exposure of uremic toxins can lead to a number of conditions including renal damage, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease.Putrescine is a polyamine. Putrescine is related to cadaverine (another polyamine). Both are produced by the breakdown of amino acids in living and dead organisms and both are toxic in large doses. Putrescine and cadaverine are largely responsible for the foul odor of putrefying flesh, but also contribute to the odor of such processes as bad breath and bacterial vaginosis. Putrescine is also found in semen. Putrescine attacks s-adenosyl methionine and converts it to spermidine. Spermidine in turn attacks another s-adenosyl methionine and converts it to spermine. Putrescine is synthesized in small quantities by healthy living cells by the action of ornithine decarboxylase. The polyamines, of which putrescine is one of the simplest, appear to be growth factors necessary for cell division. Putrescine apparently has specific role in skin physiology and neuroprotection. Pharmacological interventions have demonstrated convincingly that a steady supply of polyamines is a prerequisite for cell proliferation to occur. Genetic engineering of polyamine metabolism in transgenic rodents has shown that polyamines play a role in spermatogenesis, skin physiology, promotion of tumorigenesis and organ hypertrophy as well as neuronal protection. Transgenic activation of polyamine catabolism not only profoundly disturbs polyamine homeostasis in most tissues, but also creates a complex phenotype affecting skin, female fertility, fat depots, pancreatic integrity and regenerative growth. Transgenic expression of ornithine decarboxylase antizyme has suggested that this unique protein may act as a general tumor suppressor. Homozygous deficiency of the key biosynthetic enzymes of the polyamines, ornithine and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase is not compatible with murine embryogenesis. (A3286, A3287). Putrescine is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A toxic diamine formed by putrefaction from the decarboxylation of arginine and ornithine. Putrescine is a polyamine. Putrescine is related to cadaverine (another polyamine). Both are produced by the breakdown of amino acids in living and dead organisms and both are toxic in large doses. Putrescine and cadaverine are largely responsible for the foul odor of putrefying flesh, but also contribute to the odor of such processes as bad breath and bacterial vaginosis. Putrescine has been identified as a uremic toxin according to the European Uremic Toxin Working Group (PMID:22626821). It is also found in semen. Putrescine attacks s-adenosyl methionine and converts it to spermidine. Spermidine in turn attacks another s-adenosyl methionine and converts it to spermine. Putrescine is synthesized in small quantities by healthy living cells by the action of ornithine decarboxylase. The polyamines, of which putrescine is one of the simplest, appear to be growth factors necessary for cell division. Putrescine apparently has specific role in skin physiology and neuroprotection. (PMID:15009201, 16364196). Pharmacological interventions have demonstrated convincingly that a steady supply of polyamines is a prerequisite for cell proliferation to occur. Genetic engineering of polyamine metabolism in transgenic rodents has shown that polyamines play a role in spermatogenesis, skin physiology, promotion of tumorigenesis and organ hypertrophy as well as neuronal protection. Transgenic activation of polyamine catabolism not only profoundly disturbs polyamine homeostasis in most tissues, but also creates a complex phenotype affecting skin, female fertility, fat depots, pancreatic integrity and regenerative growth. Transgenic expression of ornithine decarboxylase antizyme has suggested that this unique protein may act as a general tumor suppressor. Homozygous deficiency of the key biosynthetic enzymes of the polyamines, ornithine and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase is not compatible with murine embryogenesis. Putrescine can be found in Citrobacter, Corynebacterium, Cronobacter and Enterobacter (PMID:27872963) (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1541-4337.12099). Putrescine is an organic chemical compound related to cadaverine; both are produced by the breakdown of amino acids in living and dead organisms and both are toxic in large doses. The two compounds are largely responsible for the foul odor of putrefying flesh, but also contribute to the odor of such processes as bad breath and bacterial vaginosis. They are also found in semen and some microalgae, together with related molecules like spermine and spermidine. A four-carbon alkane-alpha,omega-diamine. It is obtained by the breakdown of amino acids and is responsible for the foul odour of putrefying flesh. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. KEIO_ID B001
Retronecine
Retronecine is a member of pyrrolizines. Retronecine is a natural product found in Senecio nebrodensis, Lappula spinocarpos, and other organisms with data available. Retronecine is a pyrrolizidine alkaloid found in a variety of plants in the genera Senecio and Crotalaria, and the family Boraginaceae. It is the most common central core for other pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Origin: Plant; SubCategory_DNP: Alkaloids derived from ornithine, Pyrrolizidine alkaloids
Isatidine
Origin: Plant; SubCategory_DNP: Alkaloids derived from ornithine, Pyrrolizidine alkaloids relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.363 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.358 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.361 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2325 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 177 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 117 INTERNAL_ID 147; CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1) CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 147 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 137 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 157 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 167 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 127 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 107 D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents Retrorsine is a naturally occurring toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid. Retrorsine can bind with DNA and inhibits the proliferative capacity of hepatocytes. Retrorsine can be used for the research of hepatocellular injury[1][2]. Retrorsine is a naturally occurring toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid. Retrorsine can bind with DNA and inhibits the proliferative capacity of hepatocytes. Retrorsine can be used for the research of hepatocellular injury[1][2].
Spermidine
Spermidine, also known as SPD, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dialkylamines. These are organic compounds containing a dialkylamine group, characterized by two alkyl groups bonded to the amino nitrogen. Abnormal bleeding, such as bleeding spontaneously or profusely from a very minor injury can also occur. Spermidine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Within humans, spermidine participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, 5-methylthioadenosine and spermidine can be biosynthesized from S-adenosylmethioninamine and putrescine by the enzyme spermidine synthase. In addition, S-adenosylmethioninamine and spermidine can be converted into 5-methylthioadenosine and spermine through the action of the enzyme spermine synthase. In humans, spermidine is involved in spermidine and spermine biosynthesis. Outside of the human body, spermidine is found, on average, in the highest concentration within cow milk and oats. Spermidine has also been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as common chokecherries, watercress, agars, strawberry guava, and bog bilberries. This could make spermidine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Spermidine is consideres as an uremic toxine. Increased levels of uremic toxins can stimulate the production of reactive oxygen species. Chronic exposure to uremic toxins can lead to a number of conditions including renal damage, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. As a uremic toxin, this compound can cause uremic syndrome. Uremic toxins such as spermidine are actively transported into the kidneys via organic ion transporters (especially OAT3). Constituent of meat products. Isol from the edible shaggy ink cap mushroom (Coprinus comatus) and from commercial/household prepared sauerkraut COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials IPB_RECORD: 269; CONFIDENCE confident structure CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 220 KEIO_ID S003 Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Spermidine maintains cell membrane stability, increases antioxidant enzymes activities, improving photosystem II (PSII), and relevant gene expression. Spermidine significantly decreases the H2O2 and O2.- contents[1]. Spermidine maintains cell membrane stability, increases antioxidant enzymes activities, improving photosystem II (PSII), and relevant gene expression. Spermidine significantly decreases the H2O2 and O2.- contents[1].
Spartioidine
A pyrrolizine alkaloid that is 13,19-didehydrosenecionane carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 12 and two oxo substituents at positions 11 and 16. CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2297 [Raw Data] CB082b_Seneciphylline_pos_40eV_CB000034.txt [Raw Data] CB082b_Seneciphylline_pos_30eV_CB000034.txt [Raw Data] CB082b_Seneciphylline_pos_20eV_CB000034.txt [Raw Data] CB082b_Seneciphylline_pos_10eV_CB000034.txt [Raw Data] CB082b_Seneciphylline_pos_50eV_CB000034.txt Seneciphylline is a toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid in Gynura japonica[1]. Seneciphylline significantly increases the activities of epoxide hydrase and glutathione-S-transferase but causes reduction of cytochrome P-450 and related monooxygenase activities[2].
Jacobine
INTERNAL_ID 2254; CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1) CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2254 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 115 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 145 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 175 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 155 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 125 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 165 INTERNAL_ID 135; CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1) CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 135 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 105
Senecionine N-oxide
CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2301 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 146 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 176 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 116 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 136 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 166 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 156 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 106 CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 126 Senecionine n-oxide is the primary product of pyrrolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis in root cultures of Senecio vulgaris. Senecionine N-oxide has anti-cancer activity[1][2].
2,6-Dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone
2,6-Dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone is a natural product found in Diospyros eriantha, Iris milesii, and other organisms with data available. 2,6-Dimethoxyquinone is a methoxy-substituted benzoquinone and bioactive compound found in fermented wheat germ extracts, with potential antineoplastic and immune-enhancing activity. 2,6-Dimethoxyquinone (2,6-DMBQ) inhibits anaerobic glycolysis thereby preventing cellular metabolism and inducing apoptosis. As cancer cells use the anaerobic glycolysis pathway to metabolize glucose and cancer cells proliferate at an increased rate as compared to normal, healthy cells, this agent is specifically cytotoxic towards cancer cells. In addition, 2,6-DMBQ exerts immune-enhancing effects by increasing natural killer (NK) cell and T-cell activity against cancer cells. See also: Acai fruit pulp (part of). 2,6-Dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone is found in common wheat. 2,6-Dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone is a constituent of bark of Phyllostachys heterocycla var. pubescens (moso bamboo) Constituent of bark of Phyllostachys heterocycla variety pubescens (moso bamboo). 2,6-Dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone is found in green vegetables and common wheat. 2,6-Dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone, a natural phytochemical, is a known haustorial inducing factor. 2,6-Dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone exerts anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-adipogenic, antibacterial, and antimalaria effects[1]. 2,6-Dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone, a natural phytochemical, is a known haustorial inducing factor. 2,6-Dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone exerts anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-adipogenic, antibacterial, and antimalaria effects[1].
Senecivernine
CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2276
4,4'-Diaminodibutylamine
4,4-Diaminodibutylamine is found in cereals and cereal products. 4,4-Diaminodibutylamine is a constituent of the famine food Santalum album (sandalwood). 4,4-Diaminodibutylamine is a flavouring Constituent of the famine food Santalum album (sandalwood). Flavouring. 4,4-Diaminodibutylamine is found in soy bean and cereals and cereal products.
3-Hydroxy-beta-ionone
3-Hydroxy-beta-ionone (CAS: 116296-75-4), also known as apo-9-zeaxanthinone (CAS: 50281-38-4), belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sesquiterpenoids. These are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units. 3-Hydroxy-beta-ionone has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as green bell peppers, red bell peppers, pepper (C. annuum), Italian sweet red peppers, and orange bell peppers. This could make 3-hydroxy-beta-ionone a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. 3-Hydroxy-beta-ionone is found in pulses. 3-Hydroxy-beta-ionone is isolated from Phaseolus vulgaris (kidney bean). Apo-9-zeaxanthinone is a member of the class of compounds known as sesquiterpenoids. Sesquiterpenoids are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units. Apo-9-zeaxanthinone is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Apo-9-zeaxanthinone can be found in a number of food items such as red bell pepper, yellow bell pepper, green bell pepper, and pepper (c. annuum), which makes apo-9-zeaxanthinone a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
(1R,4E,6S,7S,17R)-4-Ethylidene-7-hydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methyl-2,9-dioxa-14-azatricyclo[9.5.1.014,17]heptadec-11-ene-3,8-dione
Riddelliine
Loliolide
Loliolide, also known as (3s5r)-loliolide, is a member of the class of compounds known as benzofurans. Benzofurans are organic compounds containing a benzene ring fused to a furan. Furan is a five-membered aromatic ring with four carbon atoms and one oxygen atom. Loliolide is soluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Loliolide can be found in sunflower, tea, and wakame, which makes loliolide a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
1ST14177
Seneciphylline is a white powder. (NTP, 1992) LSM-2853 is a citraconoyl group. Seneciphylline is a natural product found in Senecio bollei, Tussilago farfara, and other organisms with data available. Seneciphylline is a toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid in Gynura japonica[1]. Seneciphylline significantly increases the activities of epoxide hydrase and glutathione-S-transferase but causes reduction of cytochrome P-450 and related monooxygenase activities[2].
1ST14176
Senecionine N-oxide is a tertiary amine oxide. It is functionally related to a senecionine. Senecionine N-oxide is a natural product found in Dorobaea pimpinellifolia, Senecio gallicus, and other organisms with data available. Senecionine n-oxide is the primary product of pyrrolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis in root cultures of Senecio vulgaris. Senecionine N-oxide has anti-cancer activity[1][2].
jacozine
A pyrrolizine alkaloid that is seneciphylline in which the exocyclic double bond has been converted to the corresponding epoxide.
Jacobine
Jacobine is a pyrrolizine alkaloid. Jacobine is a natural product found in Crotalaria micans, Senecio brasiliensis, and other organisms with data available.
1ST40320
Retrorsine is a macrolide. Retrorsine is a natural product found in Crotalaria spartioides, Senecio malacitanus, and other organisms with data available. D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents Retrorsine is a naturally occurring toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid. Retrorsine can bind with DNA and inhibits the proliferative capacity of hepatocytes. Retrorsine can be used for the research of hepatocellular injury[1][2]. Retrorsine is a naturally occurring toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid. Retrorsine can bind with DNA and inhibits the proliferative capacity of hepatocytes. Retrorsine can be used for the research of hepatocellular injury[1][2].
loliolide
A natural product found in Brachystemma calycinum.
Spermidine
COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials A triamine that is the 1,5,10-triaza derivative of decane. Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Spermidine, also known as N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-butane-diamine or 1,5,10-triazadecane, is a member of the class of compounds known as dialkylamines. Dialkylamines are organic compounds containing a dialkylamine group, characterized by two alkyl groups bonded to the amino nitrogen. Spermidine is soluble (in water) and a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa). Spermidine can be found in radish, which makes spermidine a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Spermidine can be found primarily in most biofluids, including urine, blood, saliva, and feces, as well as throughout most human tissues. Spermidine exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, spermidine is involved in a couple of metabolic pathways, which include methionine metabolism and spermidine and spermine biosynthesis. Spermidine is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include homocystinuria-megaloblastic anemia due to defect in cobalamin metabolism, cblg complementation type, methionine adenosyltransferase deficiency, s-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) hydrolase deficiency, and hypermethioninemia. Spermidine is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. Spermidine is a polyamine compound (C 7H 19N 3) found in ribosomes and living tissues, and having various metabolic functions within organisms. It was originally isolated from semen . As a uremic toxin, this compound can cause uremic syndrome. Uremic syndrome may affect any part of the body and can cause nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and weight loss. It can also cause changes in mental status, such as confusion, reduced awareness, agitation, psychosis, seizures, and coma. Abnormal bleeding, such as bleeding spontaneously or profusely from a very minor injury can also occur. Heart problems, such as an irregular heartbeat, inflammation in the sac that surrounds the heart (pericarditis), and increased pressure on the heart can be seen in patients with uremic syndrome. Shortness of breath from fluid buildup in the space between the lungs and the chest wall (pleural effusion) can also be present (T3DB). Spermidine maintains cell membrane stability, increases antioxidant enzymes activities, improving photosystem II (PSII), and relevant gene expression. Spermidine significantly decreases the H2O2 and O2.- contents[1]. Spermidine maintains cell membrane stability, increases antioxidant enzymes activities, improving photosystem II (PSII), and relevant gene expression. Spermidine significantly decreases the H2O2 and O2.- contents[1].
2,6-Dimethoxyquinone
2,6-Dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone, a natural phytochemical, is a known haustorial inducing factor. 2,6-Dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone exerts anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-adipogenic, antibacterial, and antimalaria effects[1]. 2,6-Dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone, a natural phytochemical, is a known haustorial inducing factor. 2,6-Dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone exerts anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-adipogenic, antibacterial, and antimalaria effects[1].
530-55-2
2,6-Dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone, a natural phytochemical, is a known haustorial inducing factor. 2,6-Dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone exerts anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-adipogenic, antibacterial, and antimalaria effects[1]. 2,6-Dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone, a natural phytochemical, is a known haustorial inducing factor. 2,6-Dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone exerts anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-adipogenic, antibacterial, and antimalaria effects[1].
Spermidin
COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Spermidine maintains cell membrane stability, increases antioxidant enzymes activities, improving photosystem II (PSII), and relevant gene expression. Spermidine significantly decreases the H2O2 and O2.- contents[1]. Spermidine maintains cell membrane stability, increases antioxidant enzymes activities, improving photosystem II (PSII), and relevant gene expression. Spermidine significantly decreases the H2O2 and O2.- contents[1].