NCBI Taxonomy: 1160
Planktothrix agardhii (ncbi_taxid: 1160)
found 132 associated metabolites at species taxonomy rank level.
Ancestor: Planktothrix
Child Taxonomies: Planktothrix agardhii 2, Planktothrix agardhii 2A, Planktothrix agardhii 49, Planktothrix agardhii A3, Planktothrix agardhii 213, Planktothrix agardhii KL2, Planktothrix agardhii 127, Planktothrix agardhii LY1, Planktothrix agardhii No32, Planktothrix agardhii No39, Planktothrix agardhii No79, Planktothrix agardhii 1025, Planktothrix agardhii 1026, Planktothrix agardhii 1027, Planktothrix agardhii 1029, Planktothrix agardhii 1030, Planktothrix agardhii 1031, Planktothrix agardhii 1032, Planktothrix agardhii 1033, Planktothrix agardhii 1801, Planktothrix agardhii 1803, Planktothrix agardhii 1804, Planktothrix agardhii 1805, Planktothrix agardhii 1806, Planktothrix agardhii 1807, Planktothrix agardhii 1808, Planktothrix agardhii 1809, Planktothrix agardhii 1810, Planktothrix agardhii 1811, Planktothrix agardhii 1812, Planktothrix agardhii 1813, Planktothrix agardhii No41, Planktothrix agardhii No63, Planktothrix agardhii No66, Planktothrix agardhii PH22, Planktothrix agardhii Bin4, Planktothrix agardhii No2A, Planktothrix agardhii NVA3, Planktothrix agardhii SC11, Planktothrix agardhii C1-17, Planktothrix agardhii C1-12, Planktothrix agardhii No250, Planktothrix agardhii No251, Planktothrix agardhii No252, Planktothrix agardhii No253, Planktothrix agardhii No254, Planktothrix agardhii No255, Planktothrix agardhii No256, Planktothrix agardhii No257, Planktothrix agardhii No259, Planktothrix agardhii No260, Planktothrix agardhii No263, Planktothrix agardhii No274, Planktothrix agardhii No277, Planktothrix agardhii No281, Planktothrix agardhii No299, Planktothrix agardhii No307, Planktothrix agardhii No320, Planktothrix agardhii IPMA1, Planktothrix agardhii IPMA2, Planktothrix agardhii IPMA3, Planktothrix agardhii IPMA4, Planktothrix agardhii IPMA5, Planktothrix agardhii IPMA6, Planktothrix agardhii No354, Planktothrix agardhii No364, Planktothrix agardhii No365, Planktothrix agardhii No384, Planktothrix agardhii No390, Planktothrix agardhii No394, Planktothrix agardhii No757, Planktothrix agardhii No758, Planktothrix agardhii No759, Planktothrix agardhii No760, Planktothrix agardhii No763, Planktothrix agardhii No764, Planktothrix agardhii No765, Planktothrix agardhii No766, Planktothrix agardhii No769, Planktothrix agardhii No770, Planktothrix agardhii No771, Planktothrix agardhii No772, Planktothrix agardhii No781, Planktothrix agardhii No787, Planktothrix agardhii No788, Planktothrix agardhii No790, Planktothrix agardhii No804, Planktothrix agardhii No806, Planktothrix agardhii No808, Planktothrix agardhii No828, Planktothrix agardhii No829, Planktothrix agardhii No865, Planktothrix agardhii No873, Planktothrix agardhii No976, Planktothrix agardhii HAB605, Planktothrix agardhii HAB607, Planktothrix agardhii HAB612, Planktothrix agardhii HAB613, Planktothrix agardhii HAB619, Planktothrix agardhii HAB622, Planktothrix agardhii HAB631, Planktothrix agardhii HAB633, Planktothrix agardhii HAB635, Planktothrix agardhii HAB638, Planktothrix agardhii HAB645, Planktothrix agardhii HAB655, Planktothrix agardhii HAB677, Planktothrix agardhii PADT04, Planktothrix agardhii PATA02, Planktothrix agardhii No31/1, Planktothrix agardhii Nero-1, Planktothrix agardhii TCC411, Planktothrix agardhii HAB637, Planktothrix agardhii NVNCT1, Planktothrix agardhii HAB001, Planktothrix agardhii HAB113, Planktothrix agardhii HAB201, Planktothrix agardhii HAB202, Planktothrix agardhii HAB203, Planktothrix agardhii HAB204, Planktothrix agardhii HAB205, Planktothrix agardhii HAB206, Planktothrix agardhii HAB207, Planktothrix agardhii HAB208, Planktothrix agardhii HAB209, Planktothrix agardhii PH-123, Planktothrix agardhii HAB210, Planktothrix agardhii HAB211, Planktothrix agardhii HAB212, Planktothrix agardhii HAB217, Planktothrix agardhii HAB218, Planktothrix agardhii HAB236, Planktothrix agardhii HAB237, Planktothrix agardhii HAB240, Planktothrix agardhii HAB241, Planktothrix agardhii HAB243, Planktothrix agardhii HAB244, Planktothrix agardhii HAB325, Planktothrix agardhii HAB326, Planktothrix agardhii HAB602, Planktothrix agardhii HAB603, Planktothrix agardhii HAB604, Planktothrix agardhii CHAB208, Planktothrix agardhii CHAB210, Planktothrix agardhii CHAB217, Planktothrix agardhii CHAB235, Planktothrix agardhii CHAB236, Planktothrix agardhii CHAB243, Planktothrix agardhii CHAB244, Planktothrix agardhii CHAB605, Planktothrix agardhii CHAB613, Planktothrix agardhii CHAB619, Planktothrix agardhii CHAB637, Planktothrix agardhii CHAB643, Planktothrix agardhii P_PLANK, Planktothrix agardhii G_PLANK, Planktothrix agardhii No126/8, Planktothrix agardhii 0ES34S1, Planktothrix agardhii 7JL33S2, Planktothrix agardhii No263/2, Planktothrix agardhii HAB1448, Planktothrix agardhii SERB 17, Planktothrix agardhii CHAB1448, Planktothrix agardhii NIES-596, Planktothrix agardhii NIES-595, Planktothrix agardhii NIES-594, Planktothrix agardhii NIES-205, Planktothrix agardhii SAG 6.89, Planktothrix agardhii NIES-204, Planktothrix agardhii TURKBLM1, Planktothrix agardhii PCC 9239, Planktothrix agardhii PCC 9625, Planktothrix agardhii PCC 9637, Planktothrix agardhii PCC 9702, Planktothrix agardhii PCC 9801, Planktothrix agardhii CCNP1325, Planktothrix agardhii PCC 7811, Planktothrix agardhii IFCC-204, Planktothrix agardhii IFCC-PA01, Planktothrix agardhii FACHB-920, Planktothrix agardhii Os-Bul-S1, Planktothrix agardhii Os-Bul-S2, Planktothrix agardhii Os-Pam-SB, Planktothrix agardhii Os-Pam-SC, Planktothrix agardhii Os-Tar-S1, Planktothrix agardhii Os-Tar-S2, Planktothrix agardhii Os-Zam-S2, Planktothrix agardhii CCNP 1325, Planktothrix agardhii CCNP 1326, Planktothrix agardhii PCC 10110, Planktothrix agardhii PMC253.05, Planktothrix agardhii ENCB-PO01, Planktothrix agardhii PCC 10606, Planktothrix agardhii PCC 10607, Planktothrix agardhii NRERC-751, Planktothrix agardhii NRERC-752, Planktothrix agardhii NRERC-753, Planktothrix agardhii NRERC-754, Planktothrix agardhii NRERC-755, Planktothrix agardhii NRERC-756, Planktothrix agardhii TURKEYBLM3, Planktothrix agardhii Kotorosl-1, Planktothrix agardhii Yahrobol-1, Planktothrix agardhii PMC 333.08, Planktothrix agardhii PMC 334.08, Planktothrix agardhii NIVA-CYA 9, Planktothrix agardhii LMECYA 152, Planktothrix agardhii LMECYA 153, Planktothrix agardhii FACHB-1166, Planktothrix agardhii TURKEYBLM1, Planktothrix agardhii TURKEYBLM2, Planktothrix agardhii Shachebol-1, Planktothrix agardhii NIVA-CYA 91, Planktothrix agardhii NIVA-CYA 68, Planktothrix agardhii NIVA-CYA 65, Planktothrix agardhii NIVA-CYA 59, Planktothrix agardhii NIVA-CYA 30, Planktothrix agardhii NIVA-CYA 29, Planktothrix agardhii NIVA-CYA 21, Planktothrix agardhii NIVA-CYA 15, Planktothrix agardhii NIVA-CYA 11, Planktothrix agardhii NIVA-CYA 10, Planktothrix agardhii NIVA-CYA 34, Planktothrix agardhii NIVA-CYA 86, Planktothrix agardhii LMECYA 153E, Planktothrix agardhii LMECYA 153F, Planktothrix agardhii CCAP 1460/1, Planktothrix agardhii CCAP 1459/36, Planktothrix agardhii CCAP 1459/23, Planktothrix agardhii CCAP 1459/15, Planktothrix agardhii NIVA-CYA 537, Planktothrix agardhii NIVA-CYA 405, Planktothrix agardhii NIVA-CYA 532, Planktothrix agardhii NIVA-CYA 534, Planktothrix agardhii CCAP 1459/16, Planktothrix agardhii CCAP 1459/21, Planktothrix agardhii NIVA-CYA 591, Planktothrix agardhii NIVA-CYA 592, Planktothrix agardhii NIVA-CYA 594, Planktothrix agardhii NIVA-CYA 595, Planktothrix agardhii NIVA-CYA 596, Planktothrix agardhii NIVA-CYA 597, Planktothrix agardhii NIVA-CYA 313, Planktothrix agardhii NIVA-CYA 297, Planktothrix agardhii NIVA-CYA 229, Planktothrix agardhii NIVA-CYA 168, Planktothrix agardhii NIVA-CYA 137, Planktothrix agardhii NIVA-CYA 133, Planktothrix agardhii NIVA-CYA 116, Planktothrix agardhii NIVA-CYA 105, Planktothrix agardhii CCAP 1459/17, Planktothrix agardhii CCAP 1459/31, Planktothrix agardhii NIVA-CYA 590, Planktothrix agardhii NIVA-CYA 126, Planktothrix agardhii CCAP 1459/38, Planktothrix agardhii NIVA-CYA 589, Planktothrix agardhii NIVA-CYA 600, Planktothrix agardhii NIVA-CYA 604, Planktothrix agardhii CCAP 1460/20, Planktothrix agardhii CCAP 1460/13, Planktothrix agardhii CCAP 1460/21, Planktothrix agardhii NIVA-CYA 127, Planktothrix agardhii NIVA-CYA 128, Planktothrix agardhii NIVA-CYA 299, Planktothrix agardhii CCAP 1459/11A, Planktothrix agardhii NIVA-CYA 56/1, Planktothrix agardhii NIVA-CYA 88/3, Planktothrix agardhii NIVA-CYA 64/6, Planktothrix agardhii NIVA-CYA 61/1, Planktothrix agardhii NIVA-CYA 56/3, Planktothrix agardhii NIVA-CYA 117/3, Planktothrix agardhii NIVA-CYA 126/8, Planktothrix agardhii Cugorian Lagoon-1, Planktothrix agardhii Tsimlyansk Reservoir-1
beta-Carotene
Beta-carotene is a cyclic carotene obtained by dimerisation of all-trans-retinol. A strongly-coloured red-orange pigment abundant in plants and fruit and the most active and important provitamin A carotenoid. It has a role as a biological pigment, a provitamin A, a plant metabolite, a human metabolite, a mouse metabolite, a cofactor, a ferroptosis inhibitor and an antioxidant. It is a cyclic carotene and a carotenoid beta-end derivative. Beta-carotene, with the molecular formula C40H56, belongs to the group of carotenoids consisting of isoprene units. The presence of long chains of conjugated double bonds donates beta-carotene with specific colors. It is the most abundant form of carotenoid and it is a precursor of the vitamin A. Beta-carotene is composed of two retinyl groups. It is an antioxidant that can be found in yellow, orange and green leafy vegetables and fruits. Under the FDA, beta-carotene is considered as a generally recognized as safe substance (GRAS). Beta-Carotene is a natural product found in Epicoccum nigrum, Lonicera japonica, and other organisms with data available. Beta-Carotene is a naturally-occurring retinol (vitamin A) precursor obtained from certain fruits and vegetables with potential antineoplastic and chemopreventive activities. As an anti-oxidant, beta carotene inhibits free-radical damage to DNA. This agent also induces cell differentiation and apoptosis of some tumor cell types, particularly in early stages of tumorigenesis, and enhances immune system activity by stimulating the release of natural killer cells, lymphocytes, and monocytes. (NCI04) beta-Carotene is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC). See also: Lycopene (part of); Broccoli (part of); Lycium barbarum fruit (part of). Beta-Carotene belongs to the class of organic compounds known as carotenes. These are a type of polyunsaturated hydrocarbon molecules containing eight consecutive isoprene units. Carotenes are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Beta-carotene is therefore considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Beta-carotene is a strongly coloured red-orange pigment abundant in fungi, plants, and fruits. It is synthesized biochemically from eight isoprene units and therefore has 40 carbons. Among the carotenes, beta-carotene is distinguished by having beta-rings at both ends of the molecule. Beta-Carotene is biosynthesized from geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate. It is the most common form of carotene in plants. In nature, Beta-carotene is a precursor (inactive form) to vitamin A. Vitamin A is produed via the action of beta-carotene 15,15-monooxygenase on carotenes. In mammals, carotenoid absorption is restricted to the duodenum of the small intestine and dependent on a class B scavenger receptor (SR-B1) membrane protein, which is also responsible for the absorption of vitamin E. One molecule of beta-carotene can be cleaved by the intestinal enzyme Beta-Beta-carotene 15,15-monooxygenase into two molecules of vitamin A. Beta-Carotene contributes to the orange color of many different fruits and vegetables. Vietnamese gac and crude palm oil are particularly rich sources, as are yellow and orange fruits, such as cantaloupe, mangoes, pumpkin, and papayas, and orange root vegetables such as carrots and sweet potatoes. Excess beta-carotene is predominantly stored in the fat tissues of the body. The most common side effect of excessive beta-carotene consumption is carotenodermia, a physically harmless condition that presents as a conspicuous orange skin tint arising from deposition of the carotenoid in the outermost layer of the epidermis. Yellow food colour, dietary supplement, nutrient, Vitamin A precursor. Nutriceutical with antioxidation props. beta-Carotene is found in many foods, some of which are summer savory, gram bean, sunburst squash (pattypan squash), and other bread product. A cyclic carotene obtained by dimerisation of all-trans-retinol. A strongly-coloured red-orange pigment abundant in plants and fruit and the most active and important provitamin A carotenoid. D - Dermatologicals > D02 - Emollients and protectives > D02B - Protectives against uv-radiation > D02BB - Protectives against uv-radiation for systemic use A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A11 - Vitamins > A11C - Vitamin a and d, incl. combinations of the two > A11CA - Vitamin a, plain D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins > D000072664 - Provitamins
beta-Cryptoxanthin
beta-Cryptoxanthin has been isolated from abalone, fish eggs, and many higher plants. beta-Cryptoxanthin is a major source of vitamin A, often second only to beta-carotene, and is present in fruits such as oranges, tangerines, and papayas (PMID: 8554331). Frequent intake of tropical fruits that are rich in beta-cryptoxanthin is associated with higher plasma beta-cryptoxanthin concentrations in Costa Rican adolescents. Papaya intake was the best food predictor of plasma beta-cryptoxanthin concentrations. Subjects that frequently consumed (i.e. greater or equal to 3 times/day) tropical fruits with at least 50 micro g/100 g beta-cryptoxanthin (e.g. papaya, tangerine, orange, watermelon) had twofold the plasma beta-cryptoxanthin concentrations of those with intakes of less than 4 times/week (PMID: 12368412). A modest increase in beta-cryptoxanthin intake, equivalent to one glass of freshly squeezed orange juice per day, is associated with a reduced risk of developing inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis (PMID: 16087992). Higher prediagnostic serum levels of total carotenoids and beta-cryptoxanthin were associated with lower smoking-related lung cancer risk in middle-aged and older men in Shanghai, China (PMID: 11440962). Consistent with inhibition of the lung cancer cell growth, beta-cryptoxanthin induced the mRNA levels of retinoic acid receptor beta (RAR-beta) in BEAS-2B cells, although this effect was less pronounced in A549 cells. Furthermore, beta-cryptoxanthin transactivated the RAR-mediated transcription activity of the retinoic acid response element. These findings suggest a mechanism of anti-proliferative action of beta-cryptoxanthin and indicate that beta-cryptoxanthin may be a promising chemopreventive agent against lung cancer (PMID: 16841329). Cryptoxanthin is a natural carotenoid pigment. It has been isolated from a variety of sources including the petals and flowers of plants in the genus Physalis, orange rind, papaya, egg yolk, butter, apples, and bovine blood serum. In a pure form, cryptoxanthin is a red crystalline solid with a metallic lustre. It is freely soluble in chloroform, benzene, pyridine, and carbon disulfide. In the human body, cryptoxanthin is converted into vitamin A (retinol) and is therefore considered a provitamin A. As with other carotenoids, cryptoxanthin is an antioxidant and may help prevent free radical damage to cells and DNA, as well as stimulate the repair of oxidative damage to DNA. Structurally, cryptoxanthin is closely related to beta-carotene, with only the addition of a hydroxyl group. It is a member of the class of carotenoids known as xanthophylls. Beta-cryptoxanthin is a carotenol that exhibits antioxidant activity. It has been isolated from fruits such as papaya and oranges. It has a role as a provitamin A, an antioxidant, a biomarker and a plant metabolite. It derives from a hydride of a beta-carotene. beta-Cryptoxanthin is a natural product found in Hibiscus syriacus, Cladonia gracilis, and other organisms with data available. A mono-hydroxylated xanthophyll that is a provitamin A precursor. See also: Corn (part of). A carotenol that exhibits antioxidant activity. It has been isolated from fruits such as papaya and oranges. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins > D000072664 - Provitamins Cryptoxanthin. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=472-70-8 (retrieved 2024-10-31) (CAS RN: 472-70-8). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Zeaxanthin
Zeaxanthin is a carotenoid xanthophyll and is one of the most common carotenoid found in nature. It is the pigment that gives corn, saffron, and many other plants their characteristic color. Zeaxanthin breaks down to form picrocrocin and safranal, which are responsible for the taste and aroma of saffron Carotenoids are among the most common pigments in nature and are natural lipid soluble antioxidants. Zeaxanthin is one of the two carotenoids (the other is lutein) that accumulate in the eye lens and macular region of the retina with concentrations in the macula greater than those found in plasma and other tissues. Lutein and zeaxanthin have identical chemical formulas and are isomers, but they are not stereoisomers. The main difference between them is in the location of a double bond in one of the end rings. This difference gives lutein three chiral centers whereas zeaxanthin has two. A relationship between macular pigment optical density, a marker of lutein and zeaxanthin concentration in the macula, and lens optical density, an antecedent of cataractous changes, has been suggested. The xanthophylls may act to protect the eye from ultraviolet phototoxicity via quenching reactive oxygen species and/or other mechanisms. Some observational studies have shown that generous intakes of lutein and zeaxanthin, particularly from certain xanthophyll-rich foods like spinach, broccoli and eggs, are associated with a significant reduction in the risk for cataract (up to 20\\%) and for age-related macular degeneration (up to 40\\%). While the pathophysiology of cataract and age-related macular degeneration is complex and contains both environmental and genetic components, research studies suggest dietary factors including antioxidant vitamins and xanthophylls may contribute to a reduction in the risk of these degenerative eye diseases. Further research is necessary to confirm these observations. (PMID: 11023002). Zeaxanthin has been found to be a microbial metabolite, it can be produced by Algibacter, Aquibacter, Escherichia, Flavobacterium, Formosa, Gramella, Hyunsoonleella, Kordia, Mesoflavibacter, Muricauda, Nubsella, Paracoccus, Siansivirga, Sphingomonas, Zeaxanthinibacter and yeast (https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S0924224417302571?token=DE6BC6CC7DCDEA6150497AA3E375097A00F8E0C12AE03A8E420D85D1AC8855E62103143B5AE0B57E9C5828671F226801). It is a marker for the activity of Bacillus subtilis and/or Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the intestine. Higher levels are associated with higher levels of Bacillus or Pseudomonas. (PMID: 17555270; PMID: 12147474) Zeaxanthin is a carotenol. It has a role as a bacterial metabolite, a cofactor and an antioxidant. It derives from a hydride of a beta-carotene. Zeaxanthin is a most common carotenoid alcohols found in nature that is involved in the xanthophyll cycle. As a coexistent isomer of lutein, zeaxanthin is synthesized in plants and some micro-organisms. It gives the distinct yellow color to many vegetables and other plants including paprika, corn, saffron and wolfberries. Zeaxanthin is one of the two primary xanthophyll carotenoids contained within the retina of the eye and plays a predominant component in the central macula. It is available as a dietary supplement for eye health benefits and potential prevention of age-related macular degeneration. Zeaxanthin is also added as a food dye. Zeaxanthin is a natural product found in Bangia fuscopurpurea, Erythrobacter longus, and other organisms with data available. Carotenoids found in fruits and vegetables. Zeaxanthin accumulates in the MACULA LUTEA. See also: Saffron (part of); Corn (part of); Lycium barbarum fruit (part of). D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids
Canthaxanthin
Canthaxanthin, also known as Cantaxanthin, Cantaxanthine, or Canthaxanthine is a keto-carotenoid, a pigment widely distributed in nature. Carotenoids belong to a larger class of phytochemicals known as terpenoids. Canthaxanin is also classified as a xanthophyll. Xanthophylls are yellow pigments and form one of two major divisions of the carotenoid group; the other division is formed by the carotenes. Both are carotenoids. Xanthophylls and carotenes are similar in structure, but xanthophylls contain oxygen atoms while carotenes are purely hydrocarbons, which do not contain oxygen. Their content of oxygen causes xanthophylls to be more polar (in molecular structure) than carotenes and causes their separation from carotenes in many types of chromatography. (Carotenes are usually more orange in color than xanthophylls. Canthaxanthin is naturally found in bacteria, algae and some fungi. Canthaxanthin is associated with E number E161g and is approved for use as a food coloring agent in different countries, including the United States and the EU. Canthaxanthin is used as poultry feed additive to yield red color in skin and yolks. The European Union permits the use of canthaxanthin in feedstuff at a maximum content of 25 mg/kg of final feedstuff while the United States allows the use of this pigment in broiler chicken and salmonid fish feeds. Canthoxanthin was first isolated in edible chanterelle mushroom (Cantharellus cinnabarinus), from which it derived its name. It has also been found in green algae, bacteria, archea (a halophilic archaeon called Haloferax alexandrines), fungi and bioaccumulates in tissues and egg yolk from wild birds and at low levels in crustaceans and fish such as carp, golden grey mullet, and seabream. Canthaxanthin is not found in wild Atlantic Salmon, but is a minor carotenoid in Pacific Salmon. Canthaxanthin is used in farm-raised trout to give a red/orange color to their flesh similar to wild trout. Canthaxanthin has been used as a food additive for egg yolk, in cosmetics and as a pigmenting agent for human skin applications. It has also been used as a feed additive in fish and crustacean farms. Canthaxanthin is a potent lipid-soluble antioxidant (PMID: 2505240). Canthaxanthin increases resistance to lipid peroxidation primarily by enhancing membrane alpha-tocopherol levels and secondarily by providing weak direct antioxidant activity. Canthaxanthin biosynthesis in bacteria and algae proceeds from beta-carotene via the action of an enzyme known as a beta-carotene ketolase, that is able to add a carbonyl group to carbon 4 and 4 of the beta carotene molecule. Food colouring. Constituent of the edible mushroom (Cantharellus cinnabarinus), sea trout, salmon and brine shrimp. It is used in broiler chicken feed to enhance the yellow colour of chicken skin D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids
echinenone
A carotenone that is beta-carotene in which the 4 position has undergone formal oxidation to afford the corresponding ketone. Isolated as orange-red crystals, it is widely distributed in marine invertebrates. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids Window width for selecting the precursor ion was 3 Da.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 16HP2005 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan.
Asteroidenone
A member of the class of carotenone that is echinenone carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3. Found in cyanobacteria. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids
Mutatochrome
Mutatochrome, also known as citroxanthin, is a member of the class of compounds known as xanthophylls. Xanthophylls are carotenoids containing an oxygenated carotene backbone. Carotenes are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Carotenes belonging form a subgroup of the carotenoids family. Xanthophylls arise by oxygenation of the carotene backbone. Thus, mutatochrome is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Mutatochrome is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Mutatochrome can be found in a number of food items such as passion fruit, citrus, sweet orange, and pepper (c. frutescens), which makes mutatochrome a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Mutatochrome (5,8-epoxy-β-carotene) is a carotenoid. It is the predominant carotenoid in the cap of the bolete mushroom Boletus luridus . Mutatochrome is found in bitter gourd. Mutatochrome is a constituent of orange peel, Calendula officinalis (pot marigold) and Capsicum annuum (paprika) and others. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids
Anabaenopeptin B
CONFIDENCE standard compound; UCHEM_ID 4361; NaToxAq - Natural Toxins and Drinking Water Quality - From Source to Tap (https://natoxaq.ku.dk) UCHEM_ID 4361; CONFIDENCE standard compound; NaToxAq - Natural Toxins and Drinking Water Quality - From Source to Tap (https://natoxaq.ku.dk)
β-Carotene
The novel carbohydrate-derived b-carboline, 1-pentahydroxypentyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-b-carboline-3-carboxylic acid, was identified in fruit- and vegetable-derived products such as juices, jams, and tomato sauces. This compound occurred as two diastereoisomers, a cis isomer (the major compound) and a trans isomer, ranging from undetectable amounts to 6.5 ug/g. Grape, tomato, pineapple, and tropical juices exhibited the highest amount of this alkaloid (up to 3.8 mg/L), whereas apple, banana, and peach juices showed very low or nondetectable levels. This tetrahydro-b-carboline was also found in jams (up to 0.45 ug/g), and a relative high amount was present in tomato concentrate (6.5 ug/g) and sauce (up to 1.8 ug/g). This b-carboline occurred in fruit-derived products as a glycoconjugate from a chemical condensation of d-glucose and l-tryptophan that is highly favored at low pH values and high temperature. Production, processing treatments, and storage of fruit juices and jams can then release this b-carboline. Fruit-derived products and other foods containing this compound might be an exogenous dietary source of this glucose-derived tetrahydro-b-carboline.(PMID: 12137498) [HMDB] Window width to select the precursor ion was 3 Da.; CONE_VOLTAGE is 20 V.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 19HP8024 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan. D - Dermatologicals > D02 - Emollients and protectives > D02B - Protectives against uv-radiation > D02BB - Protectives against uv-radiation for systemic use A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A11 - Vitamins > A11C - Vitamin a and d, incl. combinations of the two > A11CA - Vitamin a, plain D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins > D000072664 - Provitamins Window width to select the precursor ion was 3 Da.; CONE_VOLTAGE is 10 V.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 19HP8024 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan.
Cryptoxanthin
Isolated from papaya (Carica papaya) and many other higher plants, also from fish eggs [DFC]. beta-Cryptoxanthin is found in many foods, some of which are smelt, soy yogurt, common carp, and rose hip.
Zeaxanthin
Meso-zeaxanthin (3R,3´S-zeaxanthin) is a xanthophyll carotenoid, as it contains oxygen and hydrocarbons, and is one of the three stereoisomers of zeaxanthin. Of the three stereoisomers, meso-zeaxanthin is the second most abundant in nature after 3R,3´R-zeaxanthin, which is produced by plants and algae. To date, meso-zeaxanthin has been identified in specific tissues of marine organisms and in the macula lutea, also known as the "yellow spot", of the human retina . Meso-zeaxanthin is a member of the class of compounds known as xanthophylls. Xanthophylls are carotenoids containing an oxygenated carotene backbone. Carotenes are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Carotenes belonging form a subgroup of the carotenoids family. Xanthophylls arise by oxygenation of the carotene backbone. Meso-zeaxanthin is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Meso-zeaxanthin can be found in channel catfish, crustaceans, and fishes, which makes meso-zeaxanthin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids Window width for selecting the precursor ion was 3 Da.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 16HP2005 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan.
canthaxanthin
A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene bearing two oxo substituents at positions 4 and 4. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids
Citroxanthin
D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids
E160A
D - Dermatologicals > D02 - Emollients and protectives > D02B - Protectives against uv-radiation > D02BB - Protectives against uv-radiation for systemic use A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A11 - Vitamins > A11C - Vitamin a and d, incl. combinations of the two > A11CA - Vitamin a, plain D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins > D000072664 - Provitamins
