Gene Association: XPNPEP1
UniProt Search:
XPNPEP1 (PROTEIN_CODING)
Function Description: X-prolyl aminopeptidase 1
found 15 associated metabolites with current gene based on the text mining result from the pubmed database.
dADP
Deoxyadenosine diphosphate has been identified in the mononuclear cells of a patient affected with in inherited adenosine deaminase deficiency (OMIM 102700) (PMID 6980023), and in in mononuclear cells of hemodialyzed patients. (PMID 11461945) [HMDB]. dADP is found in many foods, some of which are medlar, oil palm, greenthread tea, and green vegetables. Deoxyadenosine diphosphate has been identified in the mononuclear cells of a patient affected with in inherited adenosine deaminase deficiency (OMIM 102700) (PMID 6980023), and in in mononuclear cells of hemodialyzed patients. (PMID 11461945). COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
Angiotensin IV
Angiotensin IV is one of the N-terminal angiotensin degradation products of angiotensin II. Angiotensin IV (AngIV) mediates important physiologic functions in the central nervous system, including blood flow regulation, processes underlying to learning and memory, and presents anticonvulsant activity. The presence of AngIV-specific binding sites has been identified in various mammalian tissues, including blood vessels, heart, kidney, and brain. Besides the presence of AngIV binding sites in the cardiovascular system, the major AngIV synthesizing enzymes aminopeptidase N (APN) and aminopeptidase B (APB) are also expressed in different cell types of this system. AngIV activates several protein kinases, including phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase, PI-dependent kinase-1, extracellular signal-related kinases (ERK), protein kinase B-α/Akt, and p70 ribosomal S6 kinase. AngIV could contribute to vascular damage, increasing the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, the main chemokine involved in monocyte recruitment, and up-regulates the expression of the adhesion molecule intercellular adhesion molecule-1 that is involved in the attachment and transmigration of circulating cells into the damaged tissue. (PMID: 17210474) [HMDB] Angiotensin IV is one of the N-terminal angiotensin degradation products of angiotensin II. Angiotensin IV (AngIV) mediates important physiologic functions in the central nervous system, including blood flow regulation, processes underlying to learning and memory, and presents anticonvulsant activity. The presence of AngIV-specific binding sites has been identified in various mammalian tissues, including blood vessels, heart, kidney, and brain. Besides the presence of AngIV binding sites in the cardiovascular system, the major AngIV synthesizing enzymes aminopeptidase N (APN) and aminopeptidase B (APB) are also expressed in different cell types of this system. AngIV activates several protein kinases, including phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase, PI-dependent kinase-1, extracellular signal-related kinases (ERK), protein kinase B-α/Akt, and p70 ribosomal S6 kinase. AngIV could contribute to vascular damage, increasing the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, the main chemokine involved in monocyte recruitment, and up-regulates the expression of the adhesion molecule intercellular adhesion molecule-1 that is involved in the attachment and transmigration of circulating cells into the damaged tissue. (PMID: 17210474). D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
Deoxyinosine
Deoxyinosine is a nucleoside that is formed when hypoxanthine is attached to a deoxyribose ring (also known as a ribofuranose) via a beta-N9-glycosidic bond. Deoxyinosine is found in DNA while inosine is found in RNA. Inosine is a nucleic acid important for RNA editing. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) catalyzes the conversion of adenosine and deoxyadenosine to inosine and deoxyinosine, respectively. ADA-deficient individuals suffer from severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and are unable to produce significant numbers of mature T or B lymphocytes. This occurs as a consequence of the accumulation of ADA substrates or their metabolites. Inosine is also an intermediate in a chain of purine nucleotides reactions required for muscle movements. Moreover, deoxyinosine is found to be associated with purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) deficiency, which is an inborn error of metabolism. Isolated from Phaseolus vulgaris (kidney bean). 2-Deoxyinosine is found in pulses, yellow wax bean, and green bean. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS 2’-deoxyadenosine inhibits the growth of human colon-carcinoma cell lines and is found to be associated with purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) deficiency. 2’-deoxyadenosine inhibits the growth of human colon-carcinoma cell lines and is found to be associated with purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) deficiency.
N-acetylmethionine
N-Acetyl-L-methionine or N-Acetylmethionine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as N-acyl-alpha amino acids. N-acyl-alpha amino acids are compounds containing an alpha amino acid which bears an acyl group at its terminal nitrogen atom. N-Acetylmethionine can also be classified as an alpha amino acid or a derivatized alpha amino acid. Technically, N-Acetylmethionine is a biologically available N-terminal capped form of the proteinogenic alpha amino acid L-methionine. N-acetyl amino acids can be produced either via direct synthesis of specific N-acetyltransferases or via the proteolytic degradation of N-acetylated proteins by specific hydrolases. N-terminal acetylation of proteins is a widespread and highly conserved process in eukaryotes that is involved in protection and stability of proteins (PMID: 16465618). About 85\\\\% of all human proteins and 68\\\\% of all yeast proteins are acetylated at their N-terminus (PMID: 21750686). Several proteins from prokaryotes and archaea are also modified by N-terminal acetylation. The majority of eukaryotic N-terminal-acetylation reactions occur through N-acetyltransferase enzymes or NAT’s (PMID: 30054468). These enzymes consist of three main oligomeric complexes NatA, NatB, and NatC, which are composed of at least a unique catalytic subunit and one unique ribosomal anchor. The substrate specificities of different NAT enzymes are mainly determined by the identities of the first two N-terminal residues of the target protein. The human NatA complex co-translationally acetylates N-termini that bear a small amino acid (A, S, T, C, and occasionally V and G) (PMID: 30054468). NatA also exists in a monomeric state and can post-translationally acetylate acidic N-termini residues (D-, E-). NatB and NatC acetylate N-terminal methionine with further specificity determined by the identity of the second amino acid. N-acetylated amino acids, such as N-acetylmethionine can be released by an N-acylpeptide hydrolase from peptides generated by proteolytic degradation (PMID: 16465618). In addition to the NAT enzymes and protein-based acetylation, N-acetylation of free methionine can also occur. In particular, N-Acetylmethionine can be biosynthesized from L-methionine and acetyl-CoA by the enzyme methionine N-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.66). Excessive amounts N-acetyl amino acids including N-acetylmethionine (as well as N-acetylglycine, N-acetylserine, N-acetylglutamine, N-acetylglutamate, N-acetylalanine, N-acetylleucine and smaller amounts of N-acetylthreonine, N-acetylisoleucine, and N-acetylvaline) can be detected in the urine with individuals with acylase I deficiency, a genetic disorder (PMID: 16465618). Aminoacylase I is a soluble homodimeric zinc binding enzyme that catalyzes the formation of free aliphatic amino acids from N-acetylated precursors. In humans, Aminoacylase I is encoded by the aminoacylase 1 gene (ACY1) on chromosome 3p21 that consists of 15 exons (OMIM 609924). Individuals with aminoacylase I deficiency will experience convulsions, hearing loss and difficulty feeding (PMID: 16465618). ACY1 can also catalyze the reverse reaction, the synthesis of acetylated amino acids. Many N-acetylamino acids, including N-acetylmethionine are classified as uremic toxins if present in high abundance in the serum or plasma (PMID: 26317986; PMID: 20613759). Uremic toxins are a diverse group of endogenously produced molecules that, if not properly cleared or eliminated by the kidneys, can cause kidney damage, cardiovascular disease and neurological deficits (PMID: 18287557). Nutrient supplement used as a source of L-methionine. KEIO_ID A065 N-Acetyl-DL-methionine is an endogenous metabolite. N-Acetyl-L-methionine, a human metabolite, is nutritionally and metabolically equivalent to L-methionine. L-methionine is an indispensable amino acid required for normal growth and development[1].
Adenylsuccinic acid
Adenylsuccinic acid, also known as adenylosuccinate, succinyladenosine or aspartyl adenylate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as purine ribonucleoside monophosphates. These are nucleotides consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose to which one monophosphate group is attached. Adenylsuccinic acid is found in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to plants to animals. Adenylsuccinic acid is an important intermediate in the de novo purine biosynthesis pathway. Specifically, adenylsuccinic acid is an intermediate in the interconversion of purine nucleotides inosine monophosphate (IMP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP). The enzyme adenylosuccinate synthase carries out the reaction by the addition of aspartate to IMP. This reaction requires the input of energy from a phosphoanhydride bond in the form of guanosine triphosphate (GTP). Adenylsuccinic acid is a substrate least one other important metabolic reaction in purine biosynthesis. In particular, adenylsuccinic acid can be converted into fumaric acid through its interaction with the enzyme known as adenylosuccinate lyase (or adenylosuccinase). Adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency, is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder characterized by the appearance of succinylaminoimidazolecarboxamide riboside (SAICA riboside) and adenylsuccinic acid in cerebrospinal fluid and urine (PMID: 8412002). Adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency presents with varying degrees of psychomotor retardation, autism, muscle wasting, and epilepsy. The exact cause of the symptoms is unknown, but possibilities include not enough purine nucleotide synthesis for cell replication, malfunctioning of the purine nucleotide cycle, and a buildup of substrates to toxic levels. Adenylsuccinic acid is a substrate of the enzyme adenylosuccinase [EC 4.3.2.2] in purine metabolism pathway. The accumulation of adenylsuccinic acid in body fluids occurs due to a deficiency of adenylosuccinase. (KEGG; PMID 8412002) [HMDB] D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018846 - Excitatory Amino Acids KEIO_ID A037; [MS2] KO008839 KEIO_ID A037; [MS3] KO008840 KEIO_ID A037
Inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate
Inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate (CAS: 98102-63-7), also known as Ins(1,3,4)P3 or I3S, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as inositol phosphates. Inositol phosphates are compounds containing a phosphate group attached to an inositol (or cyclohexanehexol) moiety. Within humans, inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate participates in several enzymatic reactions. In particular, inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate can be converted into 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate through the action of the enzyme inositol-tetrakisphosphate 1-kinase. In addition, inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate can be converted into inositol 1,3,4,5-tetraphosphate through its interaction with the enzyme inositol-tetrakisphosphate 1-kinase. In humans, inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate is involved in inositol metabolism. Inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate is a specific regulator of cellular signalling. A specific regulator of cellular signaling [HMDB]
Potassium dichromate
D009676 - Noxae > D002424 - Caustics D004396 - Coloring Agents
Angiotensin III
Angiotensin III (AngIII) is one of the N-terminal angiotensin degradation products of angiotensin II. AngIII shares some of its properties with Ang II, including chemotaxis and production of growth factors and chemokines. AngIII generated within the brain acts within neural circuits of the central nervous system to regulate body fluid balance. The stimulation of vasopressin release by AngIII is thought to be one of the mechanisms by which AngIII controls volume homeostasis under conditions of hypovolemia, by reducing renal water loss and increasing blood pressure. Brain aminopeptidase A, the enzyme forming central AngIII, could constitute a putative central therapeutic target for the treatment of hypertension. (PMID: 17210474, 11751722, 11295571) [HMDB] Angiotensin III (AngIII) is one of the N-terminal angiotensin degradation products of angiotensin II. AngIII shares some of its properties with Ang II, including chemotaxis and production of growth factors and chemokines. AngIII generated within the brain acts within neural circuits of the central nervous system to regulate body fluid balance. The stimulation of vasopressin release by AngIII is thought to be one of the mechanisms by which AngIII controls volume homeostasis under conditions of hypovolemia, by reducing renal water loss and increasing blood pressure. Brain aminopeptidase A, the enzyme forming central AngIII, could constitute a putative central therapeutic target for the treatment of hypertension. (PMID: 17210474, 11751722, 11295571). D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Angiotensin III, human, mouse is a heptapeptide, acts as an endogenous angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT2R) agonist, with IC50s of 0.648 nM and 21.1 nM for AT2R and AT1R, respectively. Angiotensin III, human, mouse is a heptapeptide, acts as an endogenous angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT2R) agonist, with IC50s of 0.648 nM and 21.1 nM for AT2R and AT1R, respectively.
N-acetyl-L-methionine
An L-methionine derivative that is L-methionine in which one of the amine hydrogens is substituted by an acetyl group. N-Acetyl-L-methionine, a human metabolite, is nutritionally and metabolically equivalent to L-methionine. L-methionine is an indispensable amino acid required for normal growth and development[1].
Angiotensin IV
D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
2-Deoxyinosine
A purine 2-deoxyribonucleoside that is inosine in which the hydroxy group at position 2 is replaced by a hydrogen. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS 2’-deoxyadenosine inhibits the growth of human colon-carcinoma cell lines and is found to be associated with purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) deficiency. 2’-deoxyadenosine inhibits the growth of human colon-carcinoma cell lines and is found to be associated with purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) deficiency.
2-Deoxyadenosine-5-diphosphate
COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
Angiotensin III
D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Angiotensin III, human, mouse is a heptapeptide, acts as an endogenous angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT2R) agonist, with IC50s of 0.648 nM and 21.1 nM for AT2R and AT1R, respectively. Angiotensin III, human, mouse is a heptapeptide, acts as an endogenous angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT2R) agonist, with IC50s of 0.648 nM and 21.1 nM for AT2R and AT1R, respectively.
