Gene Association: PKP2
UniProt Search:
PKP2 (PROTEIN_CODING)
Function Description: plakophilin 2
found 16 associated metabolites with current gene based on the text mining result from the pubmed database.
Sotalol
Sotalol is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an adrenergic beta-antagonist that is used in the treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias (PubChem). Sotalol has both beta-adrenoreceptor blocking (Vaughan Williams Class I) and cardiac action potential duration prolongation (Vaughan Williams Class I) antiarrhythmic properties. Sotalol is a racemic mixture of d- and l-sotalol. Both isomers have similar Class I antiarrhythmic effects, while the l-isomer is responsible for virtually all of the beta-blocking activity. Sotalol inhibits response to adrenergic stimuli by competitively blocking β1-adrenergic receptors within the myocardium and β2-adrenergic receptors within bronchial and vascular smooth muscle. The electrophysiologic effects of sotalol may be due to its selective inhibition of the rapidly activating component of the potassium channel involved in the repolarization of cardiac cells. The class II electrophysiologic effects are caused by an increase in sinus cycle length (slowed heart rate), decreased AV nodal conduction, and increased AV nodal refractoriness, while the class III electrophysiological effects include prolongation of the atrial and ventricular monophasic action potentials, and effective refractory period prolongation of atrial muscle, ventricular muscle, and atrio-ventricular accessory pathways (where present) in both the anterograde and retrograde directions.
Flecainide
A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial arrhythmias and tachycardias. Paradoxically, however, in myocardial infarct patients with either symptomatic or asymptomatic arrhythmia, flecainide exacerbates the arrhythmia and is not recommended for use in these patients. [PubChem] C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy > C01B - Antiarrhythmics, class i and iii > C01BC - Antiarrhythmics, class ic D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D026941 - Sodium Channel Blockers > D061567 - Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Blockers C78274 - Agent Affecting Cardiovascular System > C47793 - Antiarrhythmic Agent D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3020 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2276 D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators C93038 - Cation Channel Blocker
Diethylstilbestrol
Diethylstilbestrol is a synthetic estrogen that was developed to supplement a womans natural estrogen production. In 1971, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a Drug Bulletin advising physicians to stop prescribing DES to pregnant women because it was linked to a rare vaginal cancer in female offspring. Diethylstilbesterol is found in gram bean. Diethylstilbestrol is a synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03C - Estrogens > G03CC - Estrogens, combinations with other drugs G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03C - Estrogens > G03CB - Synthetic estrogens, plain L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L02 - Endocrine therapy > L02A - Hormones and related agents > L02AA - Estrogens D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D004967 - Estrogens C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C483 - Therapeutic Estrogen D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens
4-Coumaroyl-CoA
4-Coumaroyl-CoA (CAS: 30802-00-7), also known as p-coumaroyl-CoA, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 2-enoyl CoAs. These are organic compounds containing a coenzyme A substructure linked to a 2-enoyl chain. 4-Coumaroyl-CoA is a strong basic compound (based on its pKa). (E)-p-Coumaroyl-CoA, also known as trans-p-coumaroyl-CoA, is an important intermediate in various biological pathways, particularly in plants. It plays a key role in the biosynthesis of numerous secondary metabolites, including flavonoids and lignins. Structurally, it consists of a Coenzyme A (CoA) molecule esterified with trans-p-coumaric acid, a type of hydroxycinnamic acid. This compound is involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway, where it serves as a precursor for the synthesis of a wide range of compounds with diverse biological functions. The presence of the CoA group allows it to participate in enzymatic reactions, facilitating the transfer of the p-coumaroyl group to other molecules, thereby contributing to the synthesis of complex biochemical compounds. Coenzyme A, S-[(2E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoate]. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=119785-99-8 (retrieved 2024-07-12) (CAS RN: 119785-99-8). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
N-Carbamoylsarcosine
N-Carbamoylsarcosine is an intermediate in arginine and proline metabolism. It is also involved in a metabolic pathway for the degradation of creatinine. In this pathway, creatinine is not hydrolyzed back to creatine. Instead, it is deaminated to N-methylhydantoin, releasing an amonia molecule, by the action of creatinine deaminase (also known as creatinine iminohydrolase). N-methylhydantoin is then hydrolyzed to N-carbamoylsarcosine, by the action of N-methylhydantoin amidohydrolase, at the expense of one ATP molecule. N-carbamoylsarcosine is deaminated further to sarcosine by N-carbamoylsarcosine amidohydrolase, releasing a second ammonia molecule. In the last step of this pathway, sarcosine is hydrolyzed to glycine and formaldehyde, by either sarcosine dehydrogenase or sarcosine oxidase. [HMDB] N-Carbamoylsarcosine is an intermediate in arginine and proline metabolism. It is also involved in a metabolic pathway for the degradation of creatinine. In this pathway, creatinine is not hydrolyzed back to creatine. Instead, it is deaminated to N-methylhydantoin, releasing an amonia molecule, by the action of creatinine deaminase (also known as creatinine iminohydrolase). N-methylhydantoin is then hydrolyzed to N-carbamoylsarcosine, by the action of N-methylhydantoin amidohydrolase, at the expense of one ATP molecule. N-carbamoylsarcosine is deaminated further to sarcosine by N-carbamoylsarcosine amidohydrolase, releasing a second ammonia molecule. In the last step of this pathway, sarcosine is hydrolyzed to glycine and formaldehyde, by either sarcosine dehydrogenase or sarcosine oxidase.
piceol
INTERNAL_ID 214; CONFIDENCE standard compound; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3089; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3087 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 214; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3087; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3084 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 214; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3098; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3095 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 214; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3092; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3090 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 214; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3089; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3087 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 214; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3095; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3093 INTERNAL_ID 214; CONFIDENCE standard compound; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3092; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3090 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 214; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3160; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3158 4-Hydroxyacetophenone (P-hydroxyacetophenone) is a key hepatoprotective and choleretic compound in Artemisia capillaris and A. morrisonensis, also has an anti-hepatitis B virus effect and anti-inflammatory effect[1]. 4-Hydroxyacetophenone (P-hydroxyacetophenone) is a key hepatoprotective and choleretic compound in Artemisia capillaris and A. morrisonensis, also has an anti-hepatitis B virus effect and anti-inflammatory effect[1].
Estrogen
A steroid hormone that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of female sex characteristics in mammals by binding to oestrogen receptors. The oestrogens are named for their importance in the oestrous cycle. (ChEBI). Estrogen is found in date and apricot. G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03C - Estrogens > G03CC - Estrogens, combinations with other drugs G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03C - Estrogens > G03CB - Synthetic estrogens, plain L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L02 - Endocrine therapy > L02A - Hormones and related agents > L02AA - Estrogens D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D004967 - Estrogens C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C483 - Therapeutic Estrogen D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens
Piceol
4-hydroxyacetophenone is a monohydroxyacetophenone carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 4. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a fungal metabolite and a mouse metabolite. 4-Hydroxyacetophenone is a natural product found in Ficus erecta var. beecheyana, Artemisia ordosica, and other organisms with data available. A monohydroxyacetophenone carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 4. 4-Hydroxyacetophenone (P-hydroxyacetophenone) is a key hepatoprotective and choleretic compound in Artemisia capillaris and A. morrisonensis, also has an anti-hepatitis B virus effect and anti-inflammatory effect[1]. 4-Hydroxyacetophenone (P-hydroxyacetophenone) is a key hepatoprotective and choleretic compound in Artemisia capillaris and A. morrisonensis, also has an anti-hepatitis B virus effect and anti-inflammatory effect[1].
sotalol
C - Cardiovascular system > C07 - Beta blocking agents > C07A - Beta blocking agents > C07AA - Beta blocking agents, non-selective C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C72900 - Adrenergic Antagonist D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D013565 - Sympatholytics D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D018674 - Adrenergic Antagonists D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents C93038 - Cation Channel Blocker CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1)
Diethylstilbestrol
G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03C - Estrogens > G03CC - Estrogens, combinations with other drugs G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system > G03C - Estrogens > G03CB - Synthetic estrogens, plain L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L02 - Endocrine therapy > L02A - Hormones and related agents > L02AA - Estrogens D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D004967 - Estrogens C147908 - Hormone Therapy Agent > C548 - Therapeutic Hormone > C483 - Therapeutic Estrogen D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 4237 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 4161
flecainide
C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy > C01B - Antiarrhythmics, class i and iii > C01BC - Antiarrhythmics, class ic D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D026941 - Sodium Channel Blockers > D061567 - Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Blockers C78274 - Agent Affecting Cardiovascular System > C47793 - Antiarrhythmic Agent D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators C93038 - Cation Channel Blocker
