Exact Mass: 341.267828
Exact Mass Matches: 341.267828
Found 162 metabolites which its exact mass value is equals to given mass value 341.267828,
within given mass tolerance error 0.05 dalton. Try search metabolite list with more accurate mass tolerance error
0.01 dalton.
Pregnenolone carbonitrile
5-Hydroxymethyl tolterodine
5-Hydroxymethyl tolterodine is only found in individuals that have used or taken tolterodine. 5-Hydroxymethyl tolterodine is a metabolite of tolterodine. 5-Hydroxymethyl tolterodine belongs to the family of Diphenylmethanes. These are compounds containing a diphenylmethane moiety, which consists of a methane wherein two hydrogen atoms are replaced by two phenyl groups.
Stearoylglycine
C20H39NO3 (341.29297840000004)
Stearoylglycine is an acylglycine with C-18 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety. Acylglycines 1 possess a common amidoacetic acid moiety and are normally minor metabolites of fatty acids. Elevated levels of certain acylglycines appear in the urine and blood of patients with various fatty acid oxidation disorders. They are normally produced through the action of glycine N-acyltransferase which is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction: acyl-CoA + glycine ↔ CoA + N-acylglycine. Stearoylglycine is an acylglycine with C-18 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety.
trans-2-Dodecenoylcarnitine
C19H35NO4 (341.25659500000006)
trans-2-Dodecenoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an trans-2-dodecenoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. trans-2-Dodecenoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine trans-2-dodecenoylcarnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. In particular trans-2-dodecenoylcarnitine is elevated in the blood or plasma of individuals with mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetes patients (PMID: 28726959) and children obesity (PMID: 23108202). It is also decreased in the blood or plasma of individuals with placental abruption (PMID: 27300725) increase in dodecanoylcarnitine/dodecenoylcarnitine (c12 / c12:1). Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
N-Palmitoyl GABA
C20H39NO3 (341.29297840000004)
N-Palmitoyl GABA is also known as 4-hexadecanoylamino-Butyric acid. N-Palmitoyl GABA is considered to be practically insoluble (in water) and acidic. N-Palmitoyl GABA is a fatty amide lipid molecule
(9E)-Dodecenoylcarnitine
C19H35NO4 (341.25659500000006)
(9E)-Dodecenoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an (9E)-dodec-9-enoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. (9E)-Dodecenoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine (9E)-Dodecenoylcarnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. In particular (9E)-Dodecenoylcarnitine is elevated in the blood or plasma of individuals with mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetes patients (PMID: 28726959) and children obesity (PMID: 23108202). It is also decreased in the blood or plasma of individuals with placental abruption (PMID: 27300725) increase in dodecanoylcarnitine/dodecenoylcarnitine (c12 / c12:1). Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
4-Dodecenoylcarnitine
C19H35NO4 (341.25659500000006)
4-Dodecenoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an dodec-4-enoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 4-Dodecenoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine 4-Dodecenoylcarnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. In particular 4-Dodecenoylcarnitine is elevated in the blood or plasma of individuals with mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetes patients (PMID: 28726959) and children obesity (PMID: 23108202). It is also decreased in the blood or plasma of individuals with placental abruption (PMID: 27300725) increase in dodecanoylcarnitine/dodecenoylcarnitine (c12 / c12:1). Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
11-Dodecenoylcarnitine
C19H35NO4 (341.25659500000006)
11-Dodecenoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an Dodecenoylcarnitine ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 11-Dodecenoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine 11-Dodecenoylcarnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. In particular 11-Dodecenoylcarnitine is elevated in the blood or plasma of individuals with mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetes patients (PMID: 28726959) and children obesity (PMID: 23108202). It is also decreased in the blood or plasma of individuals with placental abruption (PMID: 27300725) increase in dodecanoylcarnitine/dodecenoylcarnitine (c12 / c12:1). Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
5-Dodecenoylcarnitine
C19H35NO4 (341.25659500000006)
5-Dodecenoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an dodec-5-enoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 5-Dodecenoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine 5-Dodecenoylcarnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. In particular 5-Dodecenoylcarnitine is elevated in the blood or plasma of individuals with mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetes patients (PMID: 28726959) and children obesity (PMID: 23108202). It is also decreased in the blood or plasma of individuals with placental abruption (PMID: 27300725) increase in dodecanoylcarnitine/dodecenoylcarnitine (c12 / c12:1). Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
7-Dodecenoylcarnitine
C19H35NO4 (341.25659500000006)
7-Dodecenoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an dodec-7-enoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 7-Dodecenoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine 7-Dodecenoylcarnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. In particular 7-Dodecenoylcarnitine is elevated in the blood or plasma of individuals with mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetes patients (PMID: 28726959) and children obesity (PMID: 23108202). It is also decreased in the blood or plasma of individuals with placental abruption (PMID: 27300725) increase in dodecanoylcarnitine/dodecenoylcarnitine (c12 / c12:1). Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
8-Dodecenoylcarnitine
C19H35NO4 (341.25659500000006)
8-Dodecenoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an dodec-8-enoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 8-Dodecenoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine 8-Dodecenoylcarnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. In particular 8-Dodecenoylcarnitine is elevated in the blood or plasma of individuals with mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetes patients (PMID: 28726959) and children obesity (PMID: 23108202). It is also decreased in the blood or plasma of individuals with placental abruption (PMID: 27300725) increase in dodecanoylcarnitine/dodecenoylcarnitine (c12 / c12:1). Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
2-Dodecenoylcarnitine
C19H35NO4 (341.25659500000006)
2-Dodecenoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an dodec-2-enoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 2-Dodecenoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine 2-Dodecenoylcarnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. In particular 2-Dodecenoylcarnitine is elevated in the blood or plasma of individuals with mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetes patients (PMID: 28726959) and children obesity (PMID: 23108202). It is also decreased in the blood or plasma of individuals with placental abruption (PMID: 27300725) increase in dodecanoylcarnitine/dodecenoylcarnitine (c12 / c12:1). Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
3-Dodecenoylcarnitine
C19H35NO4 (341.25659500000006)
3-Dodecenoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an dodec-3-enoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 3-Dodecenoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine 3-Dodecenoylcarnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. In particular 3-Dodecenoylcarnitine is elevated in the blood or plasma of individuals with mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetes patients (PMID: 28726959) and children obesity (PMID: 23108202). It is also decreased in the blood or plasma of individuals with placental abruption (PMID: 27300725) increase in dodecanoylcarnitine/dodecenoylcarnitine (c12 / c12:1). Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
6-Dodecenoylcarnitine
C19H35NO4 (341.25659500000006)
6-Dodecenoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an dodec-6-enoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 6-Dodecenoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine 6-Dodecenoylcarnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. In particular 6-Dodecenoylcarnitine is elevated in the blood or plasma of individuals with mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetes patients (PMID: 28726959) and children obesity (PMID: 23108202). It is also decreased in the blood or plasma of individuals with placental abruption (PMID: 27300725) increase in dodecanoylcarnitine/dodecenoylcarnitine (c12 / c12:1). Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
N-Myristoyl Isoleucine
C20H39NO3 (341.29297840000004)
N-myristoyl isoleucine belongs to the class of compounds known as N-acylamides. These are molecules characterized by a fatty acyl group linked to a primary amine by an amide bond. More specifically, it is a Myristic acid amide of Isoleucine. It is believed that there are more than 800 types of N-acylamides in the human body. N-acylamides fall into several categories: amino acid conjugates (e.g., those acyl amides conjugated with amino acids), neurotransmitter conjugates (e.g., those acylamides conjugated with neurotransmitters), ethanolamine conjugates (e.g., those acylamides conjugated to ethanolamine), and taurine conjugates (e.g., those acyamides conjugated to taurine). N-Myristoyl Isoleucine is an amino acid conjugate. N-acylamides can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain N-acylamides; 2) medium-chain N-acylamides; 3) long-chain N-acylamides; and 4) very long-chain N-acylamides; 5) hydroxy N-acylamides; 6) branched chain N-acylamides; 7) unsaturated N-acylamides; 8) dicarboxylic N-acylamides and 9) miscellaneous N-acylamides. N-Myristoyl Isoleucine is therefore classified as a long chain N-acylamide. N-acyl amides have a variety of signaling functions in physiology, including in cardiovascular activity, metabolic homeostasis, memory, cognition, pain, motor control and others (PMID: 15655504). N-acyl amides have also been shown to play a role in cell migration, inflammation and certain pathological conditions such as diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disease, and obesity (PMID: 23144998; PMID: 25136293; PMID: 28854168).N-acyl amides can be synthesized both endogenously and by gut microbiota (PMID: 28854168). N-acylamides can be biosynthesized via different routes, depending on the parent amine group. N-acyl ethanolamines (NAEs) are formed via the hydrolysis of an unusual phospholipid precursor, N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE), by a specific phospholipase D. N-acyl amino acids are synthesized via a circulating peptidase M20 domain containing 1 (PM20D1), which can catalyze the bidirectional the condensation and hydrolysis of a variety of N-acyl amino acids. The degradation of N-acylamides is largely mediated by an enzyme called fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), which catalyzes the hydrolysis of N-acylamides into fatty acids and the biogenic amines. Many N-acylamides are involved in lipid signaling system through interactions with transient receptor potential channels (TRP). TRP channel proteins interact with N-acyl amides such as N-arachidonoyl ethanolamide (Anandamide), N-arachidonoyl dopamine and others in an opportunistic fashion (PMID: 23178153). This signaling system has been shown to play a role in the physiological processes involved in inflammation (PMID: 25136293). Other N-acyl amides, including N-oleoyl-glutamine, have also been characterized as TRP channel antagonists (PMID: 29967167). N-acylamides have also been shown to have G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) binding activity (PMID: 28854168). The study of N-acylamides is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel N-acylamides will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered for these molecules.
N-Myristoyl Leucine
C20H39NO3 (341.29297840000004)
N-myristoyl leucine belongs to the class of compounds known as N-acylamides. These are molecules characterized by a fatty acyl group linked to a primary amine by an amide bond. More specifically, it is a Myristic acid amide of Leucine. It is believed that there are more than 800 types of N-acylamides in the human body. N-acylamides fall into several categories: amino acid conjugates (e.g., those acyl amides conjugated with amino acids), neurotransmitter conjugates (e.g., those acylamides conjugated with neurotransmitters), ethanolamine conjugates (e.g., those acylamides conjugated to ethanolamine), and taurine conjugates (e.g., those acyamides conjugated to taurine). N-Myristoyl Leucine is an amino acid conjugate. N-acylamides can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain N-acylamides; 2) medium-chain N-acylamides; 3) long-chain N-acylamides; and 4) very long-chain N-acylamides; 5) hydroxy N-acylamides; 6) branched chain N-acylamides; 7) unsaturated N-acylamides; 8) dicarboxylic N-acylamides and 9) miscellaneous N-acylamides. N-Myristoyl Leucine is therefore classified as a long chain N-acylamide. N-acyl amides have a variety of signaling functions in physiology, including in cardiovascular activity, metabolic homeostasis, memory, cognition, pain, motor control and others (PMID: 15655504). N-acyl amides have also been shown to play a role in cell migration, inflammation and certain pathological conditions such as diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disease, and obesity (PMID: 23144998; PMID: 25136293; PMID: 28854168).N-acyl amides can be synthesized both endogenously and by gut microbiota (PMID: 28854168). N-acylamides can be biosynthesized via different routes, depending on the parent amine group. N-acyl ethanolamines (NAEs) are formed via the hydrolysis of an unusual phospholipid precursor, N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE), by a specific phospholipase D. N-acyl amino acids are synthesized via a circulating peptidase M20 domain containing 1 (PM20D1), which can catalyze the bidirectional the condensation and hydrolysis of a variety of N-acyl amino acids. The degradation of N-acylamides is largely mediated by an enzyme called fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), which catalyzes the hydrolysis of N-acylamides into fatty acids and the biogenic amines. Many N-acylamides are involved in lipid signaling system through interactions with transient receptor potential channels (TRP). TRP channel proteins interact with N-acyl amides such as N-arachidonoyl ethanolamide (Anandamide), N-arachidonoyl dopamine and others in an opportunistic fashion (PMID: 23178153). This signaling system has been shown to play a role in the physiological processes involved in inflammation (PMID: 25136293). Other N-acyl amides, including N-oleoyl-glutamine, have also been characterized as TRP channel antagonists (PMID: 29967167). N-acylamides have also been shown to have G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) binding activity (PMID: 28854168). The study of N-acylamides is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel N-acylamides will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered for these molecules.
N-(1,3-Dihydroxyoctadec-4-en-2-yl)acetamide
C20H39NO3 (341.29297840000004)
Dihydroevocarpine
Dihydroevocarpine induces cytotoxicity in acute myeloid leukemia via suppressing the mTORC1/2 activity[1]. Dihydroevocarpine induces cytotoxicity in acute myeloid leukemia via suppressing the mTORC1/2 activity[1].
Diprotin A
C17H31N3O4 (341.23144460000003)
Dodecenoylcarnitine
C19H35NO4 (341.25659500000006)
6-Amino-N-[6-keto-6-(6-ketohexylamino)hexyl]hexanamide
Pregnenolone carbonitrile
(8S,9S,10S,13S,14S,17S)-17-Acetyl-3-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-1-carbonitrile
Leu-Pro-Ile
C17H31N3O4 (341.23144460000003)
Deoxycalyciphylline B
Dihydroevocarpine
Dihydroevocarpine is a natural product found in Tetradium ruticarpum with data available. Dihydroevocarpine induces cytotoxicity in acute myeloid leukemia via suppressing the mTORC1/2 activity[1]. Dihydroevocarpine induces cytotoxicity in acute myeloid leukemia via suppressing the mTORC1/2 activity[1].
18-methylaminoavarone|2-Methylaminoavarone|3-methylaminoavarone
(2E,8E,10Z)-octadeca-2,8,10-trien-12-ynoic acid piperidine
3-oxo 20S-dimethylamino 1,4-pregnadiene|3-oxo 20S-dimethylamino-1,4-pregnadiene
(E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl 2-(3-methylbut-2-enylamino)benzoate|geranyl N-dimethylallylanthranilate
(2E,4E,10E)-N-isobutyl-11-(4-methoxyphenyl)undeca-2,4,10-trienamide|philippinamide
MLS002207185-01!Ile-Pro-Ile90614-48-5
C17H31N3O4 (341.23144460000003)
(4R,6R,6S,7S,8R)-6-(2-hydroxypentan-2-yl)-4,8-dimethyldecahydro-5H-spiro[indolizine-6,2-pyran]-7,8-diol
C19H35NO4 (341.25659500000006)
C2 Ceramide
C20H39NO3 (341.29297840000004)
C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1404 - Protein Kinase Inhibitor > C61074 - Serine/Threonine Kinase Inhibitor D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D010975 - Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors A N-acylsphingosine that has an acetamido group at position 2. D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors C2 Ceramide (Ceramide 2) is the main lipid of the stratum corneum and a protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) activator. C2 Ceramide activates PP2A and ceramide-activated protein phosphatase (CAPP). C2 Ceramide induces cells differentiation, autophagy and apoptosis, inhibits mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III. C2 Ceramide is also a skin conditioning agent that protects the epidermal barrier from water loss[1][2][3][4][5].
Diprotin A
C17H31N3O4 (341.23144460000003)
D007004 - Hypoglycemic Agents > D054873 - Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011480 - Protease Inhibitors Diprotin A (Ile-Pro-Ile) is an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV)[1].
5-Hydroxymethyltolterodine
Desfesoterodine (PNU-200577) is a potent and selective muscarinic receptor (mAChR) antagonist with a KB and a pA2 of 0.84 nM and 9.14, respectively[1]. Desfesoterodine is a major pharmacologically active metabolite of Tolterodine (PNU-200583; HY-A0024) and Fesoterodine (HY-70053)[2][3]. Desfesoterodine improves cerebral infarction induced detrusor overactivity in rats[4].
(Rac)-5-Hydroxymethyl Tolterodine
(Rac)-5-Hydroxymethyl Tolterodine ((Rac)-Desfesoterodine), an active metabolite of Tolterodine, is a mAChR antagonist (Ki values of 2.3 nM, 2 nM, 2.5 nM, 2.8 nM, and 2.9 nM for M1, M2, M3, M4, and M5 receptors, respectively). (Rac)-5-Hydroxymethyl Tolterodine can be used for overactive bladder research[1].
1-BOC-4-([3-(MORPHOLIN-4-YL)-PROPYLAMINO]-METHYL)-PIPERIDINE
(E)-16-(carboxymethylamino)-4-oxohexadec-11-enoic acid
4-[3-(1-Imidazolyl)proplyaminomethyl]benzeneboronic acid pinacol ester
(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)dodecyldimethylammonium chloride
(R)-12-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)oleamide
C20H39NO3 (341.29297840000004)
2-di-t-butylphosphino-2-(n,n-dimethylamino)biphenyl
n-(1-Adamantyl)-n-(4-guanidinobenzyl)urea
C19H27N5O (341.22154919999997)
17-acetyl-3-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-16-carbonitrile
Desfesoterodine
G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G04 - Urologicals > G04B - Urologicals > G04BD - Drugs for urinary frequency and incontinence C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66880 - Anticholinergic Agent > C29704 - Antimuscarinic Agent Desfesoterodine (PNU-200577) is a potent and selective muscarinic receptor (mAChR) antagonist with a KB and a pA2 of 0.84 nM and 9.14, respectively[1]. Desfesoterodine is a major pharmacologically active metabolite of Tolterodine (PNU-200583; HY-A0024) and Fesoterodine (HY-70053)[2][3]. Desfesoterodine improves cerebral infarction induced detrusor overactivity in rats[4].
N-[(1R,2R,3E)-2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)heptadec-3-en-1-yl]acetamide
C20H39NO3 (341.29297840000004)
2-{[1-(2-Amino-3-methyl-pentanoyl)-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]-amino}-3-methyl-pentanoic acid
C17H31N3O4 (341.23144460000003)
7-[2-(3-Hydroxyoctyl)-5-oxopyrrolidin-1-YL]heptanoic acid
C19H35NO4 (341.25659500000006)
3-Carbamoyl-2-tetradecanamidopropanoate
C18H33N2O4- (341.24401980000005)
N-(1,3-Dihydroxyoctadec-4-en-2-yl)acetamide
C20H39NO3 (341.29297840000004)
(E)-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-3-[(trimethylazaniumyl)methyl]pentadec-5-enoate
C19H35NO4 (341.25659500000006)
1-[(2R,3S,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[2-oxo-2-(1-piperidinyl)ethyl]-3-oxanyl]-3-propan-2-ylurea
C17H31N3O4 (341.23144460000003)
1-[(2R,3S,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[2-oxo-2-(1-piperidinyl)ethyl]-3-oxanyl]-3-propan-2-ylurea
C17H31N3O4 (341.23144460000003)
1-[(2R,3R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[2-oxo-2-(1-piperidinyl)ethyl]-3-oxanyl]-3-propan-2-ylurea
C17H31N3O4 (341.23144460000003)
1-[(2S,3R,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[2-oxo-2-(1-piperidinyl)ethyl]-3-oxanyl]-3-propan-2-ylurea
C17H31N3O4 (341.23144460000003)
1-[(2S,3R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[2-oxo-2-(1-piperidinyl)ethyl]-3-oxanyl]-3-propan-2-ylurea
C17H31N3O4 (341.23144460000003)
1-[(2S,3S,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[2-oxo-2-(1-piperidinyl)ethyl]-3-oxanyl]-3-propan-2-ylurea
C17H31N3O4 (341.23144460000003)
O-[(5Z)-dodecenoyl]carnitine
C19H35NO4 (341.25659500000006)
An O-dodecenoylcarnitine having (5Z)-dodecenoyl as the acyl substituent.
N-[(E)-1,3-dihydroxyhexadec-4-en-2-yl]butanamide
C20H39NO3 (341.29297840000004)
N-[(E)-1,3-dihydroxypentadec-4-en-2-yl]pentanamide
C20H39NO3 (341.29297840000004)
N-[(E)-1,3-dihydroxytridec-4-en-2-yl]heptanamide
C20H39NO3 (341.29297840000004)
N-[(E)-1,3-dihydroxyundec-4-en-2-yl]nonanamide
C20H39NO3 (341.29297840000004)
N-[(E)-1,3-dihydroxyheptadec-4-en-2-yl]propanamide
C20H39NO3 (341.29297840000004)
N-[(E)-1,3-dihydroxynon-4-en-2-yl]undecanamide
C20H39NO3 (341.29297840000004)
N-[(E)-1,3-dihydroxydodec-4-en-2-yl]octanamide
C20H39NO3 (341.29297840000004)
N-[(E)-1,3-dihydroxyoct-4-en-2-yl]dodecanamide
C20H39NO3 (341.29297840000004)
N-[(E)-1,3-dihydroxytetradec-4-en-2-yl]hexanamide
C20H39NO3 (341.29297840000004)
N-[(E)-1,3-dihydroxydec-4-en-2-yl]decanamide
C20H39NO3 (341.29297840000004)
N-octadecanoylglycine
C20H39NO3 (341.29297840000004)
A fatty acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of octadecanoic acid with the amino group of glycine.
methylglyoxal-lysine dimer
An imidazolium ion formed via cyclo-dimerisation of L-lysine and methylglyoxal.
O-dodecenoylcarnitine
C19H35NO4 (341.25659500000006)
An O-acylcarnitine in which the acyl group specified is dodecenoyl.
O-dodecenoyl-L-carnitine
C19H35NO4 (341.25659500000006)
An O-acyl-L-carnitine that is L-carnitine having dodecenoyl group as the acyl substituent in which the position of the double bond is unspecified.
CB2R/FAAH modulator-3
CB2R/FAAH modulator-3 (compound 27) is a dual targeting modulator that acts as a CB2R agonist and FAAH inhibitor. The Ki values for CB2R/FAAH modulator-3 are 20.1 and 67.6 nM for CB2R and CB1R, respectively, and the IC50 value for FAAH is 3.4 μM. CB2R/FAAH modulator-3 can be used in studies related to cancer, deleterious inflammatory cascades occurring in neurodegenerative diseases, and COVID-19 infection[1].