Exact Mass: 158.0350644

Allantoin is an imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is 5-aminohydantoin in which a carbamoyl group is attached to the exocyclic nitrogen. It has a role as a vulnerary, a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite and an Escherichia coli metabolite. It is a member of ureas and an imidazolidine-2,4-dione. It is functionally related to a hydantoin. It is a tautomer of a 1-(5-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,3-dihydroimidazol-4-yl)urea. Allantoin is a substance that is endogenous to the human body and also found as a normal component of human diets. In healthy human volunteers, the mean plasma concentration of allantoin is about 2-3 mg/l. During exercise, the plasma allantoin concentration rapidly increases about two fold and remains elevated. In human muscle, urate is oxidized to allantoin during such exercise. The concentration of allantoin in muscles increases from a resting value of about 5000 ug/kg to about 16000 ug/kg immediately after short-term exhaustive cycling exercise. More specifically, allantoin is a diureide of glyoxylic acid that is produced from uric acid. It is a major metabolic intermediate in most organisms. Allantoin is found in OTC cosmetic products and other commercial products such as oral hygiene products, in shampoos, lipsticks, anti-acne products, sun care products, and clarifying lotions. Allantoin has also demonstrated to ameliorate the wound healing process in some studies. Allantoin is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Allantoin is a natural product found in Aristolochia gigantea, Rhinacanthus, and other organisms with data available. Allantoin is a mineral with formula of C4H6N4O3. The corresponding IMA (International Mineralogical Association) number is IMA2020-004a. The IMA symbol is Aan. Allantoin is a diureide of glyoxylic acid with the chemical formula C4H6N4O3. It is also called 5-ureidohydantoin, glyoxyldiureide, and 5-ureidohydantoin. It is a product of oxidation of uric acid. It is a product of purine metabolism in most mammals except higher apes, and it is present in their urine. In humans, uric acid is excreted instead of allantoin. The presence of allantoin in the urine can be an indication of microbial overgrowth or it can be created via non-enzymatic means through high levels of reactive oxygen species. In this regard Allantoin is sometimes used as a marker of oxidative stress. Allantoin can be isolated from cow urine or as a botanical extract of the comfrey plant. It has long been used for its healing, soothing, and anti-irritating properties. Allantoin helps to heal wounds and skin irritations and stimulates the growth of healthy tissue. Allantoin can be found in anti-acne products, sun care products, and clarifying lotions because of its ability to help heal minor wounds and promote healthy skin. Allantoin is frequently present in toothpaste, mouthwash, and other oral hygiene products as well as shampoos, lipsticks, various cosmetic lotions and creams and other cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. Allantoin is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A urea hydantoin that is found in URINE and PLANTS and is used in dermatological preparations. See also: Alcloxa (active moiety of); Comfrey Leaf (part of); Comfrey Root (part of) ... View More ... Allantoin is a chemical compound with formula C4H6N4O3. It is also called 5-ureidohydantoin or glyoxyldiureide. It is a diureide of glyoxylic acid. Named after the allantois, an amniote embryonic excretory organ in which it concentrates during development in most mammals except humans and higher apes, it is a product of oxidation of uric acid by purine catabolism. After birth, it is the predominant means by which nitrogenous waste is excreted in the urine of these animals. In humans and higher apes, the metabolic pathway for conversion of uric acid to allantoin is not present, so the former is excreted. Recombinant rasburicase is sometimes used as a drug to catalyze this metabolic conversion in patients. In fish, allantoin is broken down further (into ammonia) before excretion. Allantoin is a major metabolic intermediate in many other organisms including plants and bacteria.; Its chemical formula is C4H6N4O3. It is also called 5-ureidohydantoin, glyoxyldiureide, and 5-ureidohydantoin. It is a product of oxidation of uric acid. It is a diureide of glyoxylic acid. It is a product of purine metabolism in most mammals except higher apes, and it is present in their urine. Allantoin is a botanical extract of the comfrey plant and is used for its healing, soothing, and anti-irritating properties. Allantoin helps to heal wounds and skin irritations and stimulate growth of healthy tissue. This extract can be found in anti-acne products, sun care products, and clarifying lotions because of its ability to help heal minor wounds and promote healthy skin. Allantoin is a diureide of glyoxylic acid with the chemical formula C4H6N4O3. It is also called 5-ureidohydantoin or glyoxyldiureide. It is a product of the oxidation of uric acid. It is also a product of purine metabolism in most mammals except for higher apes, and it is present in their urine. In humans, uric acid is excreted instead of allantoin. The presence of allantoin in the urine can be an indication of microbial overgrowth or it can be created via non-enzymatic means through high levels of reactive oxygen species. In this regard, allantoin is sometimes used as a marker of oxidative stress. Allantoin can be isolated from cow urine or as a botanical extract of the comfrey plant. It has long been used for its healing, soothing, and anti-irritating properties. Allantoin helps to heal wounds and skin irritations and stimulates the growth of healthy tissue. Allantoin can be found in anti-acne products, sun care products, and clarifying lotions because of its ability to help heal minor wounds and promote healthy skin. Allantoin is frequently present in toothpaste, mouthwash, and other oral hygiene products as well as in shampoos, lipsticks, various cosmetic lotions and creams, and other cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. It is also a metabolite of Bacillus (PMID: 18302748) and Streptomyces (PMID: 24292080). An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is 5-aminohydantoin in which a carbamoyl group is attached to the exocyclic nitrogen. Allantoin. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=5377-33-3 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 97-59-6). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Allantoin is a skin conditioning agent that promotes healthy skin, stimulates new and healthy tissue growth. Allantoin is a skin conditioning agent that promotes healthy skin, stimulates new and healthy tissue growth.

1,4-Naphthoquinone

1,4-Dihydro-1,4-diketonaphthalene

C10H6O2 (158.0367776)

1,4-naphtoquinone, also known as 1,4-naphthalenedione or 1,4-dihydro-1,4-diketonaphthalene, is a member of the class of compounds known as naphthoquinones. Naphthoquinones are compounds containing a naphthohydroquinone moiety, which consists of a benzene ring linearly fused to a bezene-1,4-dione (quinone). 1,4-naphtoquinone is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 1,4-naphtoquinone can be synthesized from naphthalene. 1,4-naphtoquinone is also a parent compound for other transformation products, including but not limited to, 2,3-dimethoxynaphthalene-1,4-dione, alisiaquinone A, and 1,4-naphthoquinone-2-carboxylic acid. 1,4-naphtoquinone can be found in liquor, which makes 1,4-naphtoquinone a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. 1,4-naphtoquinone is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 18 1,4-Naphthoquinone is a potential pharmacophore for inhibition of both MAO (monoamine oxidase) and DNA topoisomerase activities, this latter associated with antitumor activity[1].

Dihydroorotic acid

(S)-2,6-dioxo-hexahydro-Pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid

4,5-Dihydroorotic acid, also known as dihydroorotate or hydroorotate is a pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that results from the base-catalysed cyclisation of N-alpha-carbethoxyasparagine. It is classified as a secondary amide, a monocarboxylic acid, a pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid and a N-acylurea. 4,5-Dihydroorotic acid is a derivative of orotic acid which serves as an intermediate in pyrimidine biosynthesis. 4,5-Dihydroorotic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. 4,5-Dihydroorotic acid is synthesized by the enzyme known as Dihydroorotase (EC 3.5.2.3) which converts carbamoyl aspartic acid into 4,5-dihydroorotic acid as part of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway (PMID: 13163076). 4,5-Dihydroorotic acid is also a substrate for the enzyme known as dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH). In mammalian species, DHODH catalyzes the fourth step in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway, which involves the ubiquinone-mediated oxidation of dihydroorotate to orotate and the reduction of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) to dihydroflavin mononucleotide (FMNH2). Inhibition of DHODH activity with teriflunomide (an immunomodulatory drug) or expression with RNA interference results in reduced ROS generation and consequent apoptosis of transformed skin and prostate epithelial cells. Mutations in the DHOD gene have been shown to cause Miller syndrome, also known as Genee-Wiedemann syndrome, Wildervanck-Smith syndrome or post-axial acrofacial dystosis (PMID: 19915526). 4,5-Dihydroorotic acid is a substrate of the enzyme orotate reductase [EC 1.3.1.14], which is part of the pyrimidine metabolism pathway. (KEGG) Dihydroorotate is oxidized by Dihydroorotate dehydrogenases (DHODs) to orotate. These dehydrogenases use their FMN (flavin mononucleotide) prosthetic group to abstract a hydride equivalent from C6 to deprotonate C5 [HMDB] L-Dihydroorotic acid can reversibly hydrolyze to yield the acyclic L-ureidosuccinic acid by dihydrowhey enzyme[1].

2-Hydroxymuconate

(2E,4Z)-2-hydroxymuconic acid

4-Oxalocrotonate

(Z)-5-oxohex-2-enedioic acid

2-Maleylacetate

(2Z)-4-oxohex-2-enedioic acid

This compound belongs to the family of Medium-chain Keto Acids and Derivatives. These are keto acids with a 6 to 12 carbon atoms long side chain

Isopropylmaleic acid

(2Z)-2-(1-Methylethyl)-2-butenedioic acid

2-Isopropylmaleic acid belongs to the class of organic compounds known as methyl-branched fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an acyl chain that has a methyl branch. Usually they are saturated and contain one or more methyl groups. However, branches other than methyl groups may be present. 2-Isopropylmaleic acid is a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). Isopropylmaleic acid is found in the leucine biosynthesis pathway. It is synthesized from oxoisovalerate by 2-isopropylmalate synthase and converted into isopropyl-3-oxosuccinate by 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase. The 2- and 3-isopropyl derivatives of isopropylmaleic acid are interconverted by the enzyme isopropylmalate dehydratase.

2-Methylidene-4-oxopentanedioic acid

2-Oxo-4-methylenepentanedioic acid is found in nuts. 2-Oxo-4-methylenepentanedioic acid is found in peanut (Arachis hypogaea).

Ibotenic acid

2-amino-2-(3-hydroxy-1,2-oxazol-5-yl)acetic acid

D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018683 - Excitatory Amino Acid Agents > D018690 - Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D009183 - Mycotoxins Ibotenic acid has agonist activity at both the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and trans-ACPD or metabolotropic quisqualate (Qm) receptor sites. Ibotenic acid has agonist activity at both the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and trans-ACPD or metabolotropic quisqualate (Qm) receptor sites.

1,2-Naphthoquinone

1,2-Dihydro-1,2-diketo-naphthalene

C10H6O2 (158.0367776)

5-(dihydroxymethyl)-2-furoic acid

(R)-Allantoin

1-(2,5-Dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)ure

(S)-Allantoin

(S)-(+)-allantoin

1,4-Naphthoquinone

1,4-Naphthoquinone, 97\\% (dry wt.), cont. up to 5\\% water

C10H6O2 (158.0367776)

1,4-naphthoquinone appears as yellow needles or brownish green powder with an odor of benzoquinone. (NTP, 1992) 1,4-naphthoquinone is the parent structure of the family of 1,4-naphthoquinones, in which the oxo groups of the quinone moiety are at positions 1 and 4 of the naphthalene ring. Derivatives have pharmacological properties. It derives from a hydride of a naphthalene. 1,4-Naphthoquinone is a natural product found in Juglans nigra and Juglans regia with data available. 1,4-Naphthoquinone or para-naphthoquinone is an organic compound derived from naphthalene. Several isomeric naphthoquinones are known, notably 1,2-naphthoquinone. 1,4-Naphthoquinone forms volatile yellow triclinic crystals and has a sharp odor similar to benzoquinone. It is almost insoluble in cold water, slightly soluble in petroleum ether, and more soluble in polar organic solvents. In alkaline solutions it produces a reddish-brown color. Vitamin K is a derivative of 1,4-naphthoquinone. It is a planar molecule with one aromatic ring fused to a quinone subunit. Naphthalene is a constituent of jet fuel, diesel fuel and cigarette smoke. It is also a byproduct of incomplete combustion and hence is an ubiquitous environmental pollutant. The typical air concentration of naphthalene in cities is about 0.18 ppb. 1,4-Naphthoquinone is a potential pharmacophore for inhibition of both MAO (monoamine oxidase) and DNA topoisomerase activities, this latter associated with antitumor activity[1].

xi-2,3-Dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one

3-hydroxy-5-methoxy-6-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-one

xi-2,3-Dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one is found in numerous cooked or stored foods such as cooked vegetables, bread crust, caramelised sugar products and dehydrated orange juice powder. Intermediate produced in Maillard reaction; formed in non-enzymic browning reactions; synthetic from aldohexoses and secondary amines. Found in numerous cooked or stored foods such as cooked vegetables, bread crust, caramelised sugar products and dehydrated orange juice powder. Intermed. production in Maillard reaction; formed in non-enzymic browning reactions; synth. from aldohexoses and secondary amines

Succinylacetone

4,6-Dioxoheptanoic acid

Succinylacetone, also known as 4,6-dioxoheptanoic acid or SUAC, belongs to the class of compounds known as medium-chain keto acids and derivatives. These are keto acids with 6 to 12 carbon atoms. Succinylacetone is soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Succinylacetone has been detected in amniotic fluid, blood, and urine. Within the cell, succinylacetone is primarily located in the cytoplasm (predicted from logP). Succinylacetone can be created by the oxidation of glycine, and is a precursor of methylglyoxal (Wikipedia). Succinylacetone is an abnormal tyrosine metabolite that arises from defects in the enzyme called fumarylacetoacetase (PMID: 16448836). Fumarylacetoacetase normally catalyzes the hydrolysis of 4-fumarylacetoacetate into fumarate and acetoacetate. If present in sufficiently high levels, succinylacetone can act as an acidogen, an oncometabolite, and a metabotoxin. An acidogen is an acidic compound that induces acidosis, which has multiple adverse effects on many organ systems. An oncometabolite is an endogenous metabolite that causes cancer. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of succinylacetone are associated with tyrosinemia type I. Type I tyrosinemia is an inherited metabolism disorder due to a shortage of the enzyme fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase that is needed to break down tyrosine. Patients usually develop features such as hepatic necrosis, renal tubular injury, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Neurologic and dermatologic manifestations are also possible. The urine has an odour of cabbage or rancid butter. Succinylacetone is a keto-acid, which is a subclass of organic acids. Abnormally high levels of organic acids in the blood (organic acidemia), urine (organic aciduria), the brain, and other tissues lead to general metabolic acidosis. Acidosis typically occurs when arterial pH falls below 7.35. In infants with acidosis, the initial symptoms include poor feeding, vomiting, loss of appetite, weak muscle tone (hypotonia), and lack of energy (lethargy). These can progress to heart, liver, and kidney abnormalities, seizures, coma, and possibly death. These are also the characteristic symptoms of untreated tyrosinemia. Many affected children with organic acidemias experience intellectual disability or delayed development. Succinylacetone appears to function as an oncometabolite (similar in function to succinate, another oncometabolite) as patients with high levels of this compound often develop hepatocellular carcinoma (PMID: 20003495). Succinylacetone is a tyrosine metabolite (PMID 16448836). It is a specific marker for Tyrosinemia type I. Type I tyrosinemia is an inherited metabolism disorder due to a shortage of the enzyme fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase that is needed to break down tyrosine. [HMDB] D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors 4,6-Dioxoheptanoic acid is a potent inhibitor of heme biosynthesis.

Zymonic acid

2,5-Dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxo-2-furancarboxylic acid, 9ci

Zymonic acid is used as a flavour constituent for confectionery and tobacc

L-Dihydroorotic acid

(4S)-2,6-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-4-carboxylic acid

L-Dihydroorotic acid, also known as (S)-4,5-dihydroorotate or dihydro-L-orotate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids and derivatives. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon), or a derivative thereof. 4,5-Dihydroorotic acid is a derivative of orotic acid which serves as an intermediate in pyrimidine biosynthesis. L-Dihydroorotic acid is a drug. L-Dihydroorotic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Within humans, L-dihydroorotic acid participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, L-dihydroorotic acid can be biosynthesized from ureidosuccinic acid; which is catalyzed by the enzyme cad protein. In addition, L-dihydroorotic acid and quinone can be converted into orotic acid through the action of the enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone), mitochondrial. In humans, L-dihydroorotic acid is involved in the metabolic disorder called the beta-ureidopropionase deficiency pathway. Outside of the human body, L-dihydroorotic acid has been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as black chokeberries, vanilla, sweet basils, soy beans, and broad beans. L-Dihydroorotic acid is an intermediate in the metabolism of Pyrimidine. It is a substrate for Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (mitochondrial). [HMDB]. L-Dihydroorotic acid is found in many foods, some of which are lemon balm, eggplant, arrowhead, and european cranberry. L-Dihydroorotic acid can reversibly hydrolyze to yield the acyclic L-ureidosuccinic acid by dihydrowhey enzyme[1].

S-(4,5-Dihydro-2-methyl-3-furanyl) ethanethioate

Ethanethioic acid, S-(4,5-dihydro-2-methyl-3-furanyl) ester

C7H10O2S (158.04014800000002)

S-(4,5-Dihydro-2-methyl-3-furanyl) ethanethioate is a synthetic meat flavouring agent. S-(4,5-Dihydro-2-methyl-3-furanyl) ethanethioate is a food flavour, not reported to occur in nature. Synthetic meat flavouring agent. Food flavour, not reported to occur in nature

Ethyl 5-oxotetrahydro-2-furancarboxylate

(R)-(-)-DIHYDRO-5-(HYDROXYMETHYL)-2(3H)-FURANONE

Ethyl 5-oxotetrahydro-2-furancarboxylate belongs to the family of Dicarboxylic Acids and Derivatives. These are organic compounds containing exactly two carboxylic acid groups Flavouring compound [Flavornet]

1-(1-Chloroethyl)-4-fluorobenzene

L-2-Methylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid

C8H8ClF (158.029853)

2H-1,4-Benzodiazepin-2-one

C9H6N2O (158.0480106)

4,7-Dioxoheptanoic acid

1-(5-Hydroxy-2-oxo-2,3-dihydroimidazol-4-yl)urea

(5-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazol-4-yl)urea

Phenylphosphonic acid

Phenylphosphonic acid, praseodymium (3+) salt (3:2), dihydrate

(2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-4-yl)urea

C78284 - Agent Affecting Integumentary System > C29708 - Anti-psoriatic Agent C78284 - Agent Affecting Integumentary System > C29700 - Astringent D003879 - Dermatologic Agents MS2 deconvoluted using MS2Dec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; POJWUDADGALRAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N_STSL_0150_Allantoin_8000fmol_180425_S2_LC02_MS02_50; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. MS2 deconvoluted using CorrDec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. Allantoin is a skin conditioning agent that promotes healthy skin, stimulates new and healthy tissue growth. Allantoin is a skin conditioning agent that promotes healthy skin, stimulates new and healthy tissue growth.

hydroorotic acid

4,5-Dihydroorotic acid

Allantoin; LC-tDDA; CE40

Dihydroorotate

L-Dihydroorotic acid

L-Dihydroorotic acid can reversibly hydrolyze to yield the acyclic L-ureidosuccinic acid by dihydrowhey enzyme[1].

4,6-Dioxoheptanoic acid