Classification Term: 56
Nicotinamides (ontology term: CHEMONTID:0002253)
Heterocyclic aromatic compounds containing a pyridine ring substituted at position 3 by a carboxamide group." []
found 28 associated metabolites at family metabolite taxonomy ontology rank level.
Ancestor: Pyridinecarboxamides
Child Taxonomies: N-substituted nicotinamides
Niacinamide
Nicotinamide is a white powder. (NTP, 1992) Nicotinamide is a pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group. It has a role as an EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor, a metabolite, a cofactor, an antioxidant, a neuroprotective agent, an EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor, an anti-inflammatory agent, a Sir2 inhibitor, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a mouse metabolite, a human urinary metabolite and a geroprotector. It is a vitamin B3, a pyridinecarboxamide and a pyridine alkaloid. It is functionally related to a nicotinic acid. An important compound functioning as a component of the coenzyme NAD. Its primary significance is in the prevention and/or cure of blacktongue and pellagra. Most animals cannot manufacture this compound in amounts sufficient to prevent nutritional deficiency and it therefore must be supplemented through dietary intake. Niacinamide is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Nicotinamide is a natural product found in Mus musculus, Euonymus grandiflorus, and other organisms with data available. Niacinamide is the active form of vitamin B3 and a component of the coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). Niacinamide acts as a chemo- and radio-sensitizing agent by enhancing tumor blood flow, thereby reducing tumor hypoxia. This agent also inhibits poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases, enzymes involved in the rejoining of DNA strand breaks induced by radiation or chemotherapy. Nicotinamide is a uremic toxin. Uremic toxins can be subdivided into three major groups based upon their chemical and physical characteristics: 1) small, water-soluble, non-protein-bound compounds, such as urea; 2) small, lipid-soluble and/or protein-bound compounds, such as the phenols and 3) larger so-called middle-molecules, such as beta2-microglobulin. Chronic exposure of uremic toxins can lead to a number of conditions including renal damage, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. Niacinamide or vitamin B3 is an important compound functioning as a component of the coenzyme NAD. Its primary significance is in the prevention and/or cure of blacktongue and pellagra. Most animals cannot manufacture this compound in amounts sufficient to prevent nutritional deficiency and it therefore must be supplemented through dietary intake. Niacinamide is used to increase the effect of radiation therapy on tumor cells. Niacin (nicotinic acid) and niacinamide, while both labeled as vitamin B3 also have different applications. Niacinamide is useful in arthritis and early-onset type I diabetes while niacin is an effective reducer of high cholesterol levels. Niacinamide is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. An important compound functioning as a component of the coenzyme NAD. Its primary significance is in the prevention and/or cure of blacktongue and PELLAGRA. Most animals cannot manufacture this compound in amounts sufficient to prevent nutritional deficiency and it therefore must be supplemented through dietary intake. See also: Adenosine; Niacinamide (component of); Dapsone; niacinamide (component of); Adenosine; Niacinamide; Titanium Dioxide (component of) ... View More ... Niacinamide, also known as nicotinamide (NAM), is a form of vitamin B3 found in food and used as a dietary supplement and medication. Niacinamide belongs to the class of organic compounds known as nicotinamides. These are heterocyclic aromatic compounds containing a pyridine ring substituted at position 3 by a carboxamide group. Its primary significance is in the prevention and/or cure of blacktongue and pellagra. The structure of nicotinamide consists of a pyridine ring to which a primary amide group is attached in the meta position. It is an amide of nicotinic acid. As an aromatic compound, it undergoes electrophilic substitution reactions and transformations of its two functional groups. Niacinamide and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate can be converted into nicotinic acid mononucleotide and phosphate by the enzyme nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase. In humans, niacinamide is involved in the metabolic disorder called the nad+ signalling pathway (cancer). Niacinamide is an odorless tasting compound. Outside of the human body, niacinamide is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as common sages, cow milk, and cocoa beans and in a lower concentration in common pea. Niacinamide has also been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as yardlong beans, roselles, apples, oyster mushrooms, and swiss chards. Niacinamide occurs in trace amounts mainly in meat, fish, nuts, and mushrooms, as well as to a lesser extent in some vegetables. It is commonly added to cereals and other foods. Many multivitamins contain 20–30 mg of vitamin B3 and it is also available in higher doses. Most animals cannot manufacture this compound in amounts sufficient to prevent nutritional deficiency and it therefore must be supplemented through dietary intake. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map, WikiPathways, PDB, Protein Data Bank, clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group. Widespread in plants, e.g. rice, yeast and fungi. Dietary supplement, may be used in infant formulas Nicotinamide. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=98-92-0 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 98-92-0). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Nicotinamide is a form of vitamin B3 or niacin. Nicotinamide Hydrochloride inhibits SIRT2 activity (IC50: 2 μM). Nicotinamide also inhibits SIRT1. Nicotinamide increases cellular NAD+, ATP, ROS levels. Nicotinamide inhibits tumor growth and improves survival. Nicotinamide also has anti-HBV activity[1][2][3][4]. Nicotinamide is a form of vitamin B3 or niacin. Nicotinamide Hydrochloride inhibits SIRT2 activity (IC50: 2 μM). Nicotinamide also inhibits SIRT1. Nicotinamide increases cellular NAD+, ATP, ROS levels. Nicotinamide inhibits tumor growth and improves survival. Nicotinamide also has anti-HBV activity[1][2][3][4]. Nicotinamide is a form of vitamin B3 or niacin. Nicotinamide Hydrochloride inhibits SIRT2 activity (IC50: 2 μM). Nicotinamide also inhibits SIRT1. Nicotinamide increases cellular NAD+, ATP, ROS levels. Nicotinamide inhibits tumor growth and improves survival. Nicotinamide also has anti-HBV activity[1][2][3][4].
1-Methylnicotinamide
1-Methylnicotinamide is a metabolite of nicotinamide and is produced primarily in the liver. It has anti-inflammatory properties (PMID 16197374). It is a product of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase [EC 2.1.1.1] in the pathway of nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism (KEGG). 1-Methylnicotinamide may be an endogenous activator of prostacyclin production and thus may regulate thrombotic as well as inflammatory processes in the cardiovascular system (PMID: 17641676). [HMDB] 1-Methylnicotinamide is a metabolite of nicotinamide and is produced primarily in the liver. It has anti-inflammatory properties (PMID 16197374). It is a product of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase [EC 2.1.1.1] in the pathway of nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism (KEGG). 1-Methylnicotinamide may be an endogenous activator of prostacyclin production and thus may regulate thrombotic as well as inflammatory processes in the cardiovascular system (PMID: 17641676). 1-Methylnicotinamide. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=3106-60-3 (retrieved 2024-08-06) (CAS RN: 3106-60-3). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Nicorandil
C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy > C01D - Vasodilators used in cardiac diseases COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials C78274 - Agent Affecting Cardiovascular System > C29707 - Vasodilating Agent D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins Same as: D01810 Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
N1-Methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide
N1-Methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide is a normal human metabolite (one of the end products of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) degradation). Its concentration in serum is elevated in non-dialyzed chronic renal failure (CRF) patients when compared with controls. (PMID 12694300). N1-Methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide has been identified as a uremic toxin according to the European Uremic Toxin Working Group (PMID: 22626821). N1-Methyl-4-pyridone-5-carboxamide (4PY ) is a normal human metabolite (one of the end products of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) degradation). 4PY concentration in serum is elevated in non-dialyzed chronic renal failure (CRF) patients when compared with controls. (PMID 12694300) [HMDB]
Nudifloramide
N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide (2PY) is one of the end products of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) degradation. Increased serum 2PY concentrations are observed in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients, which along with the deterioration of kidney function and its toxic properties (significant inhibition of PARP-1), suggests that 2PY is an uremic toxin. (PMID 12694300). 2PY has been identified as a uremic toxin according to the European Uremic Toxin Working Group (PMID: 22626821). N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide (2PY) is one of the end products of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) degradation. Increased serum 2PY concentrations are observed in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients, which along with the deterioration of kidney function and its toxic properties (significant inhibition of PARP-1), suggests that 2PY is an uremic toxin. (PMID 12694300) [HMDB] Nudifloramide (2PY) is one of the end products of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) degradation. Nudifloramide significantly inhibits poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP-1) activity in vitro[1].
N-Methylnicotinamide
N-methylnicotinamide is a pyridinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the amide hydrogens is substituted by a methyl group. N-methylnicotinamide is a metabolite of niacin (or nicotinamide) and is commonly found in human urine. However low levels of urinary excretion of N-methylnicotinamide indicates niacin deficiency. (PMID:16207585). In patients with liver cirrhosis nicotinamide methylation is increased leading to a rise in urinary N-methylnicotinamide. The hyperfunction of this methylating pathway might play a protective role against the toxic effect of intracellular accumulation of nicotinamide deriving from the catabolic state of cirrhosis. N-methylnicotinamide is known to inhibit choline transport and reduce choline clearance out of the brain. N-methylnicotinamide has been found to be a microbial metabolite. N-methylnicotinamide is a metabolite of niacin (or nicotinamide) and is commonly found in human urine. However low levels of urinary excretion of N-methylnicotinamide indicates niacin deficiency. (PMID: 16207585). In patients with liver cirrhosis nicotinamide methylation is increased leading to a rise in urinary N-methylnicotinamide. The hyperfunction of this methylating pathway might play a protective role against the toxic effect of intracellular accumulation of nicotinamide deriving from the catabolic state of cirrhosis. N-methylnicotinamide is known to inhibit choline transport and reduce choline clearance out of the brain. [HMDB] A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A05 - Bile and liver therapy > A05A - Bile therapy > A05AB - Preparations for biliary tract therapy N-Methylnicotinamide is an endogenous metabolite. N-Methylnicotinamide is an endogenous metabolite.
2-Methylnicotinamide
2-Methylnicotinamide is a member of the class of compounds known as nicotinamides. Nicotinamides are heterocyclic aromatic compounds containing a pyridine ring substituted at position 3 by a carboxamide group. 2-methylnicotinamide is soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa).
Nicotinamide N-oxide
Nicotinamide N-oxide is recognized as an in vivo metabolite of nicotinamide which is a precurser of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in animals. The enzyme that catalyses the reduction of nicotinamide N-oxide to nicotinamide in liver is xanthine oxidase. [HMDB] Nicotinamide N-oxide is recognized as an in vivo metabolite of nicotinamide which is a precurser of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in animals. The enzyme that catalyses the reduction of nicotinamide N-oxide to nicotinamide in liver is xanthine oxidase. Nicotinamide N-oxide, an in vivo nicotinamide metabolite, is a potent, and selective antagonist of the CXCR2 receptor. Nicotinamide N-oxide, an in vivo nicotinamide metabolite, is a potent, and selective antagonist of the CXCR2 receptor.
6-Methylnicotinamide
6-methylnicotinamide is a derivative of nicotinamide. It is associated with early sign of Parkinsons disease. (PubMed: 8224447; PubMed: 8674737)
(+/-)-(e)-4-Ethyl-2-[(z)-hydroxyimino]-5-nitro-3-hexen-1-yl-nicotinamide
2-Chloro-N-(2-chloro-4-methylpyridin-3-yl)nicotinamide
6-Aminonicotinamide
C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C798 - Radiosensitizing Agent D009676 - Noxae > D013723 - Teratogens
Nicaraven
C78274 - Agent Affecting Cardiovascular System > C270 - Antihypertensive Agent > C333 - Calcium Channel Blocker D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants C93038 - Cation Channel Blocker
Nikethamide
R - Respiratory system > R07 - Other respiratory system products > R07A - Other respiratory system products > R07AB - Respiratory stimulants D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000697 - Central Nervous System Stimulants > D003292 - Convulsants C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C47795 - CNS Stimulant
Ramixotidine
C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C29701 - Anti-ulcer Agent > C29702 - Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonist
Nicotinamide ascorbate
It is used as a food additive
