Reaction Process: PlantCyc:ACOERULEA_PWY-6786
detoxification of reactive carbonyls in chloroplasts related metabolites
find 20 related metabolites which is associated with chemical reaction(pathway) detoxification of reactive carbonyls in chloroplasts
H+ + NADPH + pent-1-en-3-one ⟶ 1-pentan-3-one + NADP+
2-Hexenal
(2E)-hexenal is a 2-hexenal in which the olefinic double bond has E configuration. It occurs naturally in a wide range of fruits, vegetables, and spices. It has a role as a flavouring agent, an antibacterial agent and a plant metabolite. 2-Hexenal is a natural product found in Lonicera japonica, Origanum sipyleum, and other organisms with data available. 2-Hexenal is a uremic toxin. Uremic toxins can be subdivided into three major groups based upon their chemical and physical characteristics: 1) small, water-soluble, non-protein-bound compounds, such as urea; 2) small, lipid-soluble and/or protein-bound compounds, such as the phenols and 3) larger so-called middle-molecules, such as beta2-microglobulin. Chronic exposure of uremic toxins can lead to a number of conditions including renal damage, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. 2-Hexenal is found in allspice. 2-Hexenal is used in perfumery and flavourings. 2-Hexenal belongs to the family of Medium-chain Aldehydes. These are An aldehyde with a chain length containing between 6 and 12 carbon atoms. 2-Hexenal (CAS: 505-57-7), also known as 2-hexenaldehyde or 3-propylacrolein, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as medium-chain aldehydes. These are aldehydes with a chain length containing between 6 and 12 carbon atoms. Thus, 2-hexenal is considered to be a fatty aldehyde lipid molecule. Outside of the human body, 2-hexenal is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as corn, tea, and bilberries. 2-Hexenal has also been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as common wheat, ginkgo nuts, spearmints, sunflowers, and watermelons. This could make 2-hexenal a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. (E)-2-Hexenal is found in allspice. It is used in perfumery and flavouring. (E)-2-Hexenal has also been identified as a uremic toxin according to the European Uremic Toxin Working Group (PMID: 22626821). D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D006993 - Hypnotics and Sedatives D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018682 - GABA Agents > D018757 - GABA Modulators Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. Trans-?2-?Hexenal can be used for the determination of low-molecular-weight carbonyl compounds which are reactive with biological nucleophiles in biological samples[1]. Trans-?2-?Hexenal can be used for the determination of low-molecular-weight carbonyl compounds which are reactive with biological nucleophiles in biological samples[1].
3-Hexen-1-ol
(Z)-hex-3-en-1-ol is a hex-3-en-1-ol in which the double bond adopts a Z-configuration. Also known as leaf alcohol, it is emitted by green plants upon mechanical damage. Used as a flavourant in tea. It has a role as an insect attractant, a plant metabolite and a fragrance. cis-3-Hexen-1-ol is a natural product found in Lonicera japonica, Santolina corsica, and other organisms with data available. cis-3-hexen-1-ol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 3-Hexen-1-ol, also known as 1-hydroxy-3-hexene, is a colourless oily liquid with an intense grassy-green odour of freshly cut green grass and leaves. It is produced in small amounts by most plants and it acts as an attractant to many predatory insects. 3-Hexen-1-ol is a very important aroma compound that is used in fruit and vegetable flavours and in perfumes. The yearly production is about 30 tonnes. 3-Hexen-1-ol is found in black elderberry. It is used as tea flavourant. Preferred to (E)-isomer in perfumes and flavours to add natural `green notes. Occurs in geranium, tea, citrus and other oils, and many fruits, e.g. banana, concord grape, quince. (Z)-3-Hexen-1-ol is found in many foods, some of which are allspice, dill, citrus, and garden tomato (variety). A hex-3-en-1-ol in which the double bond adopts a Z-configuration. Also known as leaf alcohol, it is emitted by green plants upon mechanical damage. Used as a flavourant in tea. cis-3-Hexen-1-ol ((Z)-3-Hexen-1-ol) is a green grassy smelling compound found in many fresh fruits and vegetables. cis-3-Hexen-1-ol is widely used as an added flavor in processed food to provide a fresh green quality. cis-3-Hexen-1-ol is an attractant to various insects[1][2]. cis-3-Hexen-1-ol ((Z)-3-Hexen-1-ol) is a green grassy smelling compound found in many fresh fruits and vegetables. cis-3-Hexen-1-ol is widely used as an added flavor in processed food to provide a fresh green quality. cis-3-Hexen-1-ol is an attractant to various insects[1][2].
Butanal
Butanal, also known as butyral or butyl aldehyde, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha-hydrogen aldehydes. These are aldehydes with the general formula HC(H)(R)C(=O)H, where R is an organyl group. It is miscible with most organic solvents. Butanal exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. Upon prolonged exposure to air, butyraldehyde oxidizes to form butyric acid. Butanal is an apple, bready, and chocolate tasting compound. Outside of the human body, Butanal is found, on average, in the highest concentration within cow milk and carrots. Butanal has also been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as hard wheats, borages, ostrich ferns, skunk currants, and fennels. This could make butanal a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. The dominant technology involves the use of rhodium catalysts derived from the water-soluble ligand Tppts. Butyraldehyde is produced almost exclusively by the hydroformylation of propylene:CH3CHCH2 + H2 + CO → CH3CH2CH2CHO. Traditionally, hydroformylation was catalyzed by cobalt carbonyl and later rhodium complexes of triphenylphosphine. At one time, it was produced industrially by the catalytic hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde, which is derived from acetaldehyde. Butyraldehyde can be produced by the catalytic dehydrogenation of n-butanol. This compound is the aldehyde derivative of butane. An aqueous solution of the rhodium catalyst converts the propylene to the aldehyde, which forms a lighter immiscible phase. About 6 billion kilograms are produced annually by hydroformylation. It is a colourless flammable liquid with an unpleasant smell. Occurs in essential oils, e.g. lavender, hopand is also present in apple, banana, blackberry, hog plum, wheat bread, malt whiskey, red or white wine, tea, toasted oat flakes and other foodstuffs. Flavouring agent
Pyruvaldehyde
Methylglyoxal, also known as 2-ketopropionaldehyde or 2-oxopropanal, is a member of the class of compounds known as alpha ketoaldehydes. Alpha ketoaldehydes are organic compounds containing an aldehyde substituted with a keto group on the adjacent carbon. Methylglyoxal is soluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Methylglyoxal can be found in a number of food items such as shiitake, yellow zucchini, roman camomile, and carob, which makes methylglyoxal a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Methylglyoxal can be found primarily in blood and urine, as well as throughout most human tissues. Methylglyoxal exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, methylglyoxal is involved in few metabolic pathways, which include glycine and serine metabolism, pyruvaldehyde degradation, pyruvate metabolism, and spermidine and spermine biosynthesis. Methylglyoxal is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include hyperglycinemia, non-ketotic, pyruvate kinase deficiency, non ketotic hyperglycinemia, and pyruvate decarboxylase E1 component deficiency (PDHE1 deficiency). Moreover, methylglyoxal is found to be associated with diabetes mellitus type 2. Methylglyoxal, also called pyruvaldehyde or 2-oxopropanal, is the organic compound with the formula CH3C(O)CHO. Gaseous methylglyoxal has two carbonyl groups, an aldehyde and a ketone but in the presence of water, it exists as hydrates and oligomers. It is a reduced derivative of pyruvic acid . Pyruvaldehyde is an organic compound used often as a reagent in organic synthesis, as a flavoring agent, and in tanning. It has been demonstrated as an intermediate in the metabolism of acetone and its derivatives in isolated cell preparations, in various culture media, and in vivo in certain animals.
Butanone
Butanone occurs as a natural product. It is made by some trees and found in some fruits and vegetables in small amounts. It is also released to the air from car and truck exhausts. The known health effects to people from exposure to butanone are irritation of the nose, throat, skin, and eyes. (wikipedia).
Propanal
Propanal, also known as N-propionaldehyde or C2H5CHO, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha-hydrogen aldehydes. These are aldehydes with the general formula HC(H)(R)C(=O)H, where R is an organyl group. Propanal exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Propanal is an alcohol, cocoa, and earthy tasting compound. Outside of the human body, Propanal is found, on average, in the highest concentration within wild celeries and carrots. Propanal has also been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as purple lavers, black salsifies, strawberry guava, grapefruit/pummelo hybrids, and alaska wild rhubarbs. It is an aldehyde that consists of ethane bearing a formyl substituent. Isolated from various plant sources, e.g. hops, banana, sweet or sour cherry, blackcurrants, melon, pineapple, bread, chesses, coffee, cooked rice and strawberry or apple aroma. Flavouring agent
Acrolein
Acrolein (systematic name: propenal) is the simplest unsaturated aldehyde. It is a colourless liquid with a piercing, disagreeable, acrid smell. The smell of burnt fat (i.e. when cooking oil is heated to its smoke point) is caused by glycerol in the burning fat breaking down into acrolein. It is produced industrially from propylene and mainly used as a biocide and a building block to other chemical compounds, such as the amino acid methionine. Acrolein is used as an etherification agent in the preparation of modified food starches. Acrolein is an herbicide and algicide used in water treatment. It is produced by microorganisms, e.g. Clostridium perfringens. Acrolein is a relatively electrophilic compound and a reactive one, hence its high toxicity. It is a good Michael acceptor, hence its useful reaction with thiols. It forms acetals readily, a prominent one being the spirocycle derived from pentaerythritol, diallylidene pentaerythritol. Acrolein participates in many Diels-Alder reactions, even with itself. Via Diels-Alder reactions, it is a precursor to some commercial fragrances, including lyral, norbornene-2-carboxaldehyde, and myrac aldehyde. Acrolein is toxic and is a strong irritant for the skin, eyes, and nasal passages. The main metabolic pathway for acrolein is the alkylation of glutathione. The WHO suggests a tolerable oral acrolein intake of 7.5 µg/day per kilogram of body weight. Although acrolein occurs in French fries, the levels are only a few micrograms per kilogram. Acrolein has also been identified as a uremic toxin according to the European Uremic Toxin Working Group (PMID:22626821). Present in fruit aromas, black tea, carrot, cooked potato, cheeses, white wine, hydrolyzed soy protein, turkey, pork, beef fat and other foods. It is used as an etherification agent in the preparation of modified food starches. Herbicide and algicide used in water treatment. Production by microorganisms, e.g. Clostridium perfringens. 2-Propenal is found in many foods, some of which are napa cabbage, sacred lotus, devilfish, and garlic.
Allyl alcohol
Allyl alcohol is found in onion-family vegetables. Allyl alcohol is present in garlic (Allium sativum).Allyl alcohol is an organic compound with the structural formula CH2=CHCH2OH. Like many alcohols, it is a water soluble, colourless liquid, but it is more toxic than typical small alcohols. Allyl alcohol is used as a raw material for the production of glycerol, but is used as a precursor to many specialized compounds. Allyl alcohol is the smallest representative of the allylic alcohols. (Wikipedia Present in garlic (Allium sativum)
Hydroxyacetone
Hydroxyacetone, also known as acetol or acetone alcohol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha-hydroxy ketones. These are organic compounds containing a carboxylic acid, and an amine group attached to the alpha carbon atom, relative to the C=O group. Hydroxyacetone exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. Hydroxyacetone is a sweet, caramel, and ethereal tasting compound. hydroxyacetone has been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as bog bilberries, cardoons, amaranths, black salsifies, and komatsuna. This could make hydroxyacetone a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Hydroxyacetone is an intermediate in glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism. Present in beer, tobacco and honey Hydroxyacetone is an endogenous metabolite. Hydroxyacetone is an endogenous metabolite.
(Z)-3-Hexenal
(Z)-3-Hexenal is found in fruits. (Z)-3-Hexenal is a flavouring ingredient. (Z)-3-Hexenal is present in apple, cucumber, grape, banana, raspberry, strawberry, black tea and tomat (Z)-3-Hexenal is a flavouring ingredient. It is found in many foods, some of which are: apple, cucumber, grape, banana, raspberry, strawberry, black tea and tomato. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents D010575 - Pesticides > D007306 - Insecticides D016573 - Agrochemicals
3-Buten-2-one
But-3-en-2-one, also known as 2-butenone or methyl vinyl ketone, is a member of the class of compounds known as enones. Enones are compounds containing the enone functional group, with the structure RC(=O)CR. Thus, but-3-en-2-one is considered to be an oxygenated hydrocarbon lipid molecule. But-3-en-2-one is soluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). But-3-en-2-one can be found in a number of food items such as kai-lan, roman camomile, black chokeberry, and orange mint, which makes but-3-en-2-one a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. But-3-en-2-one can be found primarily in saliva. 3-Buten-2-one, also called methyl vinyl ketone, is the organic compound with the formula CH3CCH=CH2. It is a reactive compound classified as an enone, in fact the simplest example thereof. It is a colorless, flammable, highly toxic liquid with a pungent odor. It is soluble in water and polar organic solvents. It is a useful intermediate in the synthesis of other compounds.
Hydrogen Ion
Hydrogen ion, also known as proton or h+, is a member of the class of compounds known as other non-metal hydrides. Other non-metal hydrides are inorganic compounds in which the heaviest atom bonded to a hydrogen atom is belongs to the class of other non-metals. Hydrogen ion can be found in a number of food items such as lowbush blueberry, groundcherry, parsley, and tarragon, which makes hydrogen ion a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Hydrogen ion exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, hydrogen ion is involved in several metabolic pathways, some of which include cardiolipin biosynthesis cl(i-13:0/a-25:0/a-21:0/i-15:0), cardiolipin biosynthesis cl(a-13:0/a-17:0/i-13:0/a-25:0), cardiolipin biosynthesis cl(i-12:0/i-13:0/a-17:0/a-15:0), and cardiolipin biosynthesis CL(16:1(9Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/18:1(11Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)). Hydrogen ion is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis TG(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)), de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)), de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis TG(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)), and de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis TG(24:0/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/24:0). A hydrogen ion is created when a hydrogen atom loses or gains an electron. A positively charged hydrogen ion (or proton) can readily combine with other particles and therefore is only seen isolated when it is in a gaseous state or a nearly particle-free space. Due to its extremely high charge density of approximately 2×1010 times that of a sodium ion, the bare hydrogen ion cannot exist freely in solution as it readily hydrates, i.e., bonds quickly. The hydrogen ion is recommended by IUPAC as a general term for all ions of hydrogen and its isotopes. Depending on the charge of the ion, two different classes can be distinguished: positively charged ions and negatively charged ions . Hydrogen ion is recommended by IUPAC as a general term for all ions of hydrogen and its isotopes. Depending on the charge of the ion, two different classes can be distinguished: positively charged ions and negatively charged ions. Under aqueous conditions found in biochemistry, hydrogen ions exist as the hydrated form hydronium, H3O+, but these are often still referred to as hydrogen ions or even protons by biochemists. [Wikipedia])
1-Penten-3-one
1-Penten-3-one, also known as ethylvinyl ketone or pentenone, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as enones. Enones are compounds containing the enone functional group, with the structure RC(=O)CR. Thus, 1-penten-3-one is considered to be an oxygenated hydrocarbon lipid molecule. It exists as a clear, colorless oil with a boiling point of 68-70 oC. 1-Penten-3-one is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, but soluble in most organic solvents. 1-Penten-3-one has a spicy, pungent, peppery odor that is also described as being mustard-like, garlic-like or onion-like, This compound also has a peppery, garlic-like, allium-like, mustard-like or onion-like taste. 1-Penten-3-one has been found in the volatile components of human feces (PMID: 21386183) and saliva (PMID: 24421258). Outside of the human body, 1-Penten-3-one has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as banana fruit, beef, butter, chives, clams, fish, grapes, grapefruit juice, kiwi fruit, milk, oranges, peaches, potatoes, soybeans, strawberries, black tea and tomatoes. Present in banana, orange peel oil, grapefruit juice, wine grape, peach, fish oil, chicken fat, black tea, soybean, lovage leaf, endive, oyster, clam and cooked beef. 1-Penten-3-one is found in many foods, some of which are asian pear, mango, peppermint, and hard wheat.
2-Hexen-1-ol
2-Hexen-1-ol (CAS: 2305-21-7), also known as 2-hexenyl alcohol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as fatty alcohols. These are aliphatic alcohols consisting of a chain of a least six carbon atoms. The E-isomer has been isolated from tea and is a constituent of many fruits (e.g. apples, grapes). It is also present in asparagus (cooked or raw), cooked potato, cooked beef, beer, cognac, white wine, soybean and olives. The Z-isomer is found in cereals and cereal products, currants, and hops. The Z-isomer is also a food flavouring for baked goods and candies, producing a fresher note than the E-isomer. Isolated from tea. Constituent of many fruits, e.g., apples, grapesand is also present in asparagus (cooked or raw), cooked potato, cooked beef, beer, cognac, white wine, soybean and olives. Flavouring agent. (E)-2-Hexen-1-ol is found in many foods, some of which are blackcurrant, pomes, alcoholic beverages, and sweet orange.
3-Hexanone
3-Hexanone, also known as 3-oxohexane or hexan-3-one, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as ketones. These are organic compounds in which a carbonyl group is bonded to two carbon atoms R2C=O (neither R may be a hydrogen atom). Ketones that have one or more alpha-hydrogen atoms undergo keto-enol tautomerization, the tautomer being an enol. 3-Hexanone is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water and relatively neutral. 3-Hexanone is an ether and grape tasting compound. Outside of the human body, 3-Hexanone has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as pepper (capsicum), oregon yampahs, cinnamons, cloudberries, and cardamoms. 3-Hexanone, with regard to humans, has been found to be associated with several diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified, autism, and perillyl alcohol administration for cancer treatment. 3-hexanone has also been linked to the inborn metabolic disorder celiac disease.
4-Hexen-3-one
4-Hexen-3-one (CAS: 2497-21-4), also known as 2-hexen-4-one or ethyl 1-propenyl ketone, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as enones. Enones are compounds containing the enone functional group, with the structure RC(=O)CR. 4-Hexen-3-one is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). 4-Hexen-3-one is an ethereal, green, and metallic tasting compound. Outside of the human body, 4-hexen-3-one has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as pepper (C. baccatum), tea leaf willows, turmerics, sweet oranges, and other soy products. This could make 4-hexen-3-one a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. 4-Hexen-3-one is a flavouring ingredient. Flavouring ingredient. 4-Hexen-3-one is found in many foods, some of which are prickly pear, canola, irish moss, and annual wild rice.
3-PENTANONE
A natural product found in Triatoma brasiliensis and Triatoma infestans. 3-pentanone, also known as diethyl ketone or ethyl propionyl, is a member of the class of compounds known as ketones. Ketones are organic compounds in which a carbonyl group is bonded to two carbon atoms R2C=O (neither R may be a hydrogen atom). Ketones that have one or more alpha-hydrogen atoms undergo keto-enol tautomerization, the tautomer being an enol. Thus, 3-pentanone is considered to be an oxygenated hydrocarbon lipid molecule. 3-pentanone is soluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). 3-pentanone is an acetone and ethereal tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as strawberry guava, ceylon cinnamon, beech nut, and pak choy, which makes 3-pentanone a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
Coenzyme II
COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS