Biological Pathway: BioCyc:META_PWY-7745

p-HBAD biosynthesis related metabolites

find 19 related metabolites which is associated with the biological pathway p-HBAD biosynthesis

this pathway object is a conserved pathway across multiple organism.

4-Hydroxybenzoic acid

4-hydroxybenzoic acid

4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, also known as p-hydroxybenzoate or 4-carboxyphenol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives. Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives are compounds containing a hydroxybenzoic acid (or a derivative), which is a benzene ring bearing a carboxyl and a hydroxyl groups. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid is a white crystalline solid that is slightly soluble in water and chloroform but more soluble in polar organic solvents such as alcohols and acetone. It is a nutty and phenolic tasting compound. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid can be found naturally in coconut. It is one of the main catechins metabolites found in humans after consumption of green tea infusions. It is also found in wine, in vanilla, in A√ßa√≠ oil, obtained from the fruit of the a√ßa√≠ palm (Euterpe oleracea), at relatively high concetrations (892¬±52 mg/kg). It is also found in cloudy olive oil and in the edible mushroom Russula virescens. It has been detected in red huckleberries, rabbiteye blueberries, and corianders and in a lower concentration in olives, red raspberries, and almonds. In humans, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid is involved in ubiquinone biosynthesis. In particular, the enzyme 4-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyltransferase uses a polyprenyl diphosphate and 4-hydroxybenzoate to produce diphosphate and 4-hydroxy-3-polyprenylbenzoate. This enzyme participates in ubiquinone biosynthesis. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid can be biosynthesized by the enzyme Chorismate lyase. Chorismate lyase is an enzyme that transforms chorismate into 4-hydroxybenzoate and pyruvate. This enzyme catalyses the first step in ubiquinone biosynthesis in Escherichia coli and other Gram-negative bacteria. 4-Hydroxybenzoate is an intermediate in many enzyme-mediated reactions in microbes. For instance, the enzyme 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase uses 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, NAD+ and H2O to produce 4-hydroxybenzoate, NADH and H+. This enzyme participates in toluene and xylene degradation in bacteria such as Pseudomonas mendocina. 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase is also found in carrots. The enzyme 4-hydroxybenzoate 1-hydroxylase transforms 4-hydroxybenzoate, NAD(P)H, 2 H+ and O2 into hydroquinone, NAD(P)+, H2O and CO2. This enzyme participates in 2,4-dichlorobenzoate degradation and is found in Candida parapsilosis. The enzyme 4-hydroxybenzoate 3-monooxygenase transforms 4-hydroxybenzoate, NADPH, H+ and O2 into protocatechuate, NADP+ and H2O. This enzyme participates in benzoate degradation via hydroxylation and 2,4-dichlorobenzoate degradation and is found in Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas fluorescens. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid is a popular antioxidant in part because of its low toxicity. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid has estrogenic activity both in vitro and in vivo (PMID 9417843). Isolated from many plants, free and combined. Alkyl esters of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (see below) are used as food and cosmetic preservatives, mainly in their Na salt form, which makes them more water soluble. They are active at low concentrations and more pH-independent than the commonly used Benzoic acid DVN38-Z and 2,4-Hexadienoic acid GMZ10-P. The taste is more detectable than for those preservatives. Effectiveness increases with chain length of the alcohol, but for some microorganisms this reduces cell permeability and thus counteracts the increased efficiency. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid is found in many foods, some of which are chicory, corn, rye, and black huckleberry. 4-hydroxybenzoic acid is a monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid carrying a hydroxy substituent at C-4 of the benzene ring. It has a role as a plant metabolite and an algal metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a 4-hydroxybenzoate. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). See also: Vaccinium myrtillus Leaf (part of); Galium aparine whole (part of); Menyanthes trifoliata leaf (part of) ... View More ... A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid carrying a hydroxy substituent at C-4 of the benzene ring. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=99-96-7 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 99-96-7). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, a phenolic derivative of benzoic acid, could inhibit most gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria, with an IC50 of 160 μg/mL. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, a phenolic derivative of benzoic acid, could inhibit most gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria, with an IC50 of 160 μg/mL.

Hydrogen Ion

Hydrogen cation

H+ (1.0078246)

Hydrogen ion, also known as proton or h+, is a member of the class of compounds known as other non-metal hydrides. Other non-metal hydrides are inorganic compounds in which the heaviest atom bonded to a hydrogen atom is belongs to the class of other non-metals. Hydrogen ion can be found in a number of food items such as lowbush blueberry, groundcherry, parsley, and tarragon, which makes hydrogen ion a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Hydrogen ion exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, hydrogen ion is involved in several metabolic pathways, some of which include cardiolipin biosynthesis cl(i-13:0/a-25:0/a-21:0/i-15:0), cardiolipin biosynthesis cl(a-13:0/a-17:0/i-13:0/a-25:0), cardiolipin biosynthesis cl(i-12:0/i-13:0/a-17:0/a-15:0), and cardiolipin biosynthesis CL(16:1(9Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/18:1(11Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)). Hydrogen ion is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis TG(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)), de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)), de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis TG(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)), and de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis TG(24:0/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/24:0). A hydrogen ion is created when a hydrogen atom loses or gains an electron. A positively charged hydrogen ion (or proton) can readily combine with other particles and therefore is only seen isolated when it is in a gaseous state or a nearly particle-free space. Due to its extremely high charge density of approximately 2×1010 times that of a sodium ion, the bare hydrogen ion cannot exist freely in solution as it readily hydrates, i.e., bonds quickly. The hydrogen ion is recommended by IUPAC as a general term for all ions of hydrogen and its isotopes. Depending on the charge of the ion, two different classes can be distinguished: positively charged ions and negatively charged ions . Hydrogen ion is recommended by IUPAC as a general term for all ions of hydrogen and its isotopes. Depending on the charge of the ion, two different classes can be distinguished: positively charged ions and negatively charged ions. Under aqueous conditions found in biochemistry, hydrogen ions exist as the hydrated form hydronium, H3O+, but these are often still referred to as hydrogen ions or even protons by biochemists. [Wikipedia])

Docosahexaenoic acid

Methylparaben, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material

C8H8O3 (152.0473418)

Methylparaben is a 4-hydroxybenzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with methanol. It is the most frequently used antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics. It occurs naturally in several fruits, particularly in blueberries. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an antimicrobial food preservative, a neuroprotective agent and an antifungal agent. Methylparaben is used in allergenic testing. Methylparaben is a Standardized Chemical Allergen. The physiologic effect of methylparaben is by means of Increased Histamine Release, and Cell-mediated Immunity. Methylparaben is a natural product found in Zanthoxylum beecheyanum, Rhizophora apiculata, and other organisms with data available. Methylparaben is found in alcoholic beverages. Methylparaben is an antimicrobial agent, preservative, flavouring agent. Methylparaben is a constituent of cloudberry, yellow passion fruit, white wine, botrytised wine and Bourbon vanilla. Methylparaben has been shown to exhibit anti-microbial function Methylparaben belongs to the family of Hydroxybenzoic Acid Derivatives. These are compounds containing an hydroxybenzoic acid (or a derivative), which is a benzene ring bearing a carboxylic acid. (A3204). See also: Butylparaben; ethylparaben; methylparaben (component of) ... View More ... Methylparaben, also known as methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate or p-carbomethoxyphenol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as p-hydroxybenzoic acid alkyl esters. These are aromatic compounds containing a benzoic acid, which is esterified with an alkyl group and para-substituted with a hydroxyl group. Methylparaben is an antimicrobial agent, preservative, and flavouring agent. methylparaben has been detected, but not quantified, in a few different foods, such as alcoholic beverages, saffrons, and fruits (particularly blueberries). It is also a constituent of cloudberry, yellow passion fruit, white wine, botrytized wine, and Bourbon vanilla. Methylparaben is the most frequently used antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics. A 4-hydroxybenzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with methanol. It is the most frequently used antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics. It occurs naturally in several fruits, particularly in blueberries. Antimicrobial agent, preservative, flavouring agent. Constituent of cloudberry, yellow passion fruit, white wine, botrytised wine and Bourbon vanilla. Methylparaben is found in saffron, alcoholic beverages, and fruits. D010592 - Pharmaceutic Aids > D011310 - Preservatives, Pharmaceutical > D010226 - Parabens Methyl Paraben, isolated from the barks of Tsuga dumosa the methyl ester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, is a standardized chemical allergen. Methyl Paraben is a stable, non-volatile compound used as an antimicrobial preservative in foods, agents and cosmetics. The physiologic effect of Methyl Paraben is by means of increased histamine release, and cell-mediated immunity[1]. Methyl Paraben, isolated from the barks of Tsuga dumosa the methyl ester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, is a standardized chemical allergen. Methyl Paraben is a stable, non-volatile compound used as an antimicrobial preservative in foods, agents and cosmetics. The physiologic effect of Methyl Paraben is by means of increased histamine release, and cell-mediated immunity[1].

Methylparaben

Prodelphinidin trimer GC-C-C

C8H8O3 (152.0473418)

Prodelphinidin trimer gc-c-c is a member of the class of compounds known as biflavonoids and polyflavonoids. Biflavonoids and polyflavonoids are organic compounds containing at least two flavan/flavone units. These units are usually linked through CC or C-O-C bonds. Some examples include C2-O-C3, C2-O-C4, C3-C3, and C6-C8. Prodelphinidin trimer gc-c-c is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Prodelphinidin trimer gc-c-c can be found in beer, which makes prodelphinidin trimer gc-c-c a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. D010592 - Pharmaceutic Aids > D011310 - Preservatives, Pharmaceutical > D010226 - Parabens CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1106; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3579; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3578 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1106; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3566; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3561 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1106; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3549; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3546 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1106; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3560; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3556 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1106; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3573; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3570 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1106; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX508; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3577; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3575 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2371 Methyl Paraben, isolated from the barks of Tsuga dumosa the methyl ester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, is a standardized chemical allergen. Methyl Paraben is a stable, non-volatile compound used as an antimicrobial preservative in foods, agents and cosmetics. The physiologic effect of Methyl Paraben is by means of increased histamine release, and cell-mediated immunity[1]. Methyl Paraben, isolated from the barks of Tsuga dumosa the methyl ester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, is a standardized chemical allergen. Methyl Paraben is a stable, non-volatile compound used as an antimicrobial preservative in foods, agents and cosmetics. The physiologic effect of Methyl Paraben is by means of increased histamine release, and cell-mediated immunity[1].

S-Adenosyl-L-methionine

C15H23N6O5S+ (399.1450568)

COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

Pyruvate

C3H3O3- (87.00821880000001)

A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of pyruvic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.

Abiol

InChI=1\C8H8O3\c1-11-8(10)6-2-4-7(9)5-3-6\h2-5,9H,1H

C8H8O3 (152.0473418)

D010592 - Pharmaceutic Aids > D011310 - Preservatives, Pharmaceutical > D010226 - Parabens Methyl Paraben, isolated from the barks of Tsuga dumosa the methyl ester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, is a standardized chemical allergen. Methyl Paraben is a stable, non-volatile compound used as an antimicrobial preservative in foods, agents and cosmetics. The physiologic effect of Methyl Paraben is by means of increased histamine release, and cell-mediated immunity[1]. Methyl Paraben, isolated from the barks of Tsuga dumosa the methyl ester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, is a standardized chemical allergen. Methyl Paraben is a stable, non-volatile compound used as an antimicrobial preservative in foods, agents and cosmetics. The physiologic effect of Methyl Paraben is by means of increased histamine release, and cell-mediated immunity[1].